Annotated Bibliography

Primary

Source: Peterseim, L. "Like Magic, Wizards' Name Becomes Cool." ESPN [Washington] 15 Mar. 2002. Web. 28 Feb. 2012. < http://espn.go.com/page2/wash/s/closer/020316.html>. Annotation: In 1996 Abe Pollin was shook by the assassination of a friend, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, who was shot by a Jewish extremist. At that time, Washington, DC was known as one of the worst cities for murders and gunshot wounds. Abe Pollin believed "Bullets" was not an appropriate nickname for a sports team. I used this document to show why Abe Pollin decided to change the Bullets name. Source: Dalaker, Joseph and Mary Naifeh, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P60-201, Poverty in the United States: 1997, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1998. Annotation: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Official Statistics, the poverty rate in Washington, DC between 1995 and1996 was 23.2%. Since the population of Washington, DC was 543,000 at that time, that would mean, 125,976 people were impoverished. I used this document to show what the poverty rate was in Washington, DC during the time the name was considered being changed. I wanted to include something about poverty because when people are poor, it sometimes effects the crime rate.

Source: The Disaster Center. District of Columbia Crime Rates 1960 2010. UCR Crime Statistics. Annotation: There were 52,049 crimes committed in 1997. That means that of the 543,000 people that lived in Washington, DC, 52,049 of them had been a victim of crime. I used these statistics to answer the questions, what was the crime rate in Washington, DC in 1995? Source: Janofsky, Michael. Capital Looks Outside For New Police Chief. The New York Times 08 Dec. 1997. Web: http://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/08/us/capital-looks-outside-for-newpolice-chief.html?pagewanted=print&src=pm Annotation: This article talks about the problems the Washington, DC police department was having during the 1990s. I used this article to address whether the overall crime rate in Washington, DC in 1996 went down 1997. Source: Marchenese K. and Segan S. Marion Barry: Making of a Mayor. The Washington Post. (1998 May 21). Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-

srv/local/longterm/library/dc/barry/barry.htm. Annotation: When Washington, DC was known as the Murder Capitol, Marion Barry was Mayor of Washington, DC. I used these websites to answer the question, Who was the mayor of Washington, DC during the name change?

Source: Beschloss, Michael and Sidey, Hugh. The Presidents of the United States of America. 2009. Web: http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/williamjclinton Annotation: I used the White House website to determine who the President of the United States was during the time the Bullets was changing its name. Source: Federal Bureau of Investigation (1999). Crime in the United States, 1998. Washington, DC: Author. Annotation: This report showed that the number of killings in Washington, DC had dropped to about half between 1990 and 1999. I used this Uniform Crime Report to verify that homicide rates dropped after the Bullets changed their name. Source: Berger, M. Assassination In Israel: Yitzhak Rabin, 73, an Israeli Soldier Turned Prime Minister and Peacemaker. The New York Times. (1995 November 05). Retrieved from:

<http://www.nytimes.com/1995/11/05/world/assassination-israel-yitzhak-rabin-73israeli-soldier-turned-prime-minister.html?pagewanted=print&src=pm> Annotation: Yitzhak Rabin was a Prime Minister of Israel. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1994 for making peace with the Palestinians and ending the wars. He was a friend of Abe Pollin.

Source: Riley, Rochelle. "Seat Pleasant Students Sharing a Dream: Fifth Graders and Parents Cheer Offer of Free College Tuition." The Washington Post [Washington] 27 May 1988. Washington Post. The Washington Post, 27 May 1988. Web. 05 Mar. 2012.

<http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/seat-pleasant-students-sharing-adream/2011/12/14/gIQAdw7PuO_story.html>. Annotation: Abe Pollin and Melvin S. Cohen started a charitable organization called the I Have a Dream Foundation. The two men started a $325,000 fund to pay college tuition for the fifth graders at Seat Pleasant Elementary School in Capitol Heights, Maryland. Source: Steinbert, D. (2010February 2). Why Abe Pollin went from Bullets to Wizards. DC Sports Blog. Retrieved from <http://voices.washingtonpost.com/dcsportsbog/2010/02/why_abe_pollin_went_from_bu lle.html> Annotation: This was an article about the reasons Abe Pollin changed the team name from "Bullets" to "Wizards" in 1997. The finalists were chosen by Abe Pollin, Susan O'Malley, George Michael and Juwan Howard. They final names were Sea Dogs, Express, Stallions, Dragons and Wizards. Fans had three weeks to vote by calling a 1-900 line. The $1 cost was given to anti-violence efforts.

Source: Vecsey, G. (1995 November 12). Sports of The Times; Say Goodbye To 'Bullets' As Nickname. The New York Times. Retrieved from

<http://www.nytimes.com/1995/11/12/sports/sports-of-the-times-say-goodbye-to-bulletsas-nickname.html?pagewanted=2&src=pm> Annotation: This article told me about how some of the public felt about the name change. Some people thought Abe Pollin was changing the name to make more money from the new colors and logo. Source: Justice, R. (1996 February 23). For Bullets, 'Wizards' Casts Magic Spell. The Washington Post. Retrieved from <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-

srv/sports/longterm/memories/bullets/articles/launch/95wiz.htm> Annotation: This article talks about how Black people felt about the name Wizards. The local NAACP complained that the name "Wizards" carried Ku Klux Klan associations. The Ku Klux Klans supreme leader is called the Imperial Wizard. Secondary Source: "Today in Sports History: February 22nd." Inhistoric. 22 Feb. 2010. Web. 05 Mar. 2012. <http://www.inhistoric.com/2010/2/22/1078764/today-in-sports-history-february>.

Annotation: This annotation also answers the question, why did Abe Pollin change the Bullets name? Pollin had been searching for a new name since 1995 because he felt that the name Bullets was violent, especially in a city like Washington D.C., where gun violence was a big issue. Source: "WIZARDS: Washington Wizards History." NBA.com. Web. 05 Mar. 2012.

<http://www.nba.com/wizards/history/00400304.html>. Annotation: This annotation is on who won the most championships, the Bullets or the Wizards. The Bullets won one NBA Championship. The Wizards have not won any NBA Championships to date. Source: "Bullets Change Name to Wizards." ESPN.go.com. 22 Feb. 2010. Web. 28 Feb. 2012. <http://sports.espn.go.com/media/pg2/2002/0315/photo/s_walton_i.jpg>. Annotation: We used a photo of Wes Unseld, one of the stars of the Washington Bullets. Caption: As Bill Walton, right, would say, "The Bullets were awful after Wes Unseld stopped playing." Source: ESPN.go.com. 23 Feb. 2003. Web. 28 Feb. 2012.

<http://sports.espn.go.com/media/pg2/2002/0223/photo/a_jordan_i.jpg>. Annotation: We used a photo of Michael Jordan, one of the stars of the Washington Wizards. Caption:

It'll take more than Michael Jordan's tricks to turn around the Wizards' fortunes. Source: Marchenese, Kira, and Sascha Segan. "Marion Barry: Making of a Mayor." Washington Post. Washingtonpost.com. 21 May 1998. Web. 26 Feb. 2012.

<http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/local/longterm/library/dc/barry/barry.htm>. Annotation: We used a photo of Marion Barry, Washington, DCs Mayor during the name change. Caption: December 29, 1982: Mayor Marion Barry, heading into his second term: "I think any effective politician has to have a strong organization to survive politically and to govern." Source: Riley, Rochelle. "Seat Pleasant Students Sharing a Dream: Fifth Graders and Parents Cheer Offer of Free College Tuition." The Washington Post [Washington] 27 May 1988. Washington Post. The Washington Post, 27 May 1988. Web. 05 Mar. 2012.

<http://www.washingtonpost.com/rf/image_606w/20102019/WashingtonPost/2011/11/21/LocalEnterprise/Advance/Images/LO%20SEATPLEASANT%20001_1321911541.jpg>. Annotation: We used a photo of Monica McIntyre gettin a hug from Abe Pollin at Seat Pleasant Elementary School. Caption: Monica McIntyre gets a hug from Abe Pollin at Seat Pleasant Elementary School in Seat Pleasant, Maryland on May 26, 1988. (Photo by Margaret Thomas/The Washington Post)

Source: Back in Time: June 7." Washington Bullets. SI Vault. Web. 05 Mar. 2012.

<http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/gallery/featured/GAL1170520/1/index.htm>. Annotation: I used this photo to document that the Bullets won an NBA championship Caption: Led by Elvin Hayes, the Washington Bullets traveled to Seattle and defeated the SuperSonics 105-99 in Game 7 to win the NBA Championship. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/gallery/featured/GAL1170520/1/index.htm Source: Beschloss, Michael and Sidey, Hugh. The Presidents of the United States of America. 2009. Web: http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/williamjclinton Annotation: When Washington, DC was known as the Murder Capitol, William J. Clinton was the President of the United States. I used these websites to answer the question, Who the President of the United States during the name change? Source: Creamer, Chris. "Washington Wizards (1963-Present)." The Sports E-Cyclopedia (Est. 2001)The Ultimate Sports Resource. 27 Apr. 2003. Web. 05 Mar. 2012.

<http://www.sportsecyclopedia.com/nba/dc/wizards.html>. Annotation: I used this website to get information on the Bullets/Wizards history. Caption:

1997/98: A year after making the playoffs for the first time in eight years, there was a new beginning for basketball in Washington as the team changed its name to Wizards fearing Bullets endorsed gun violence. The change came complete with a new logo and new uniforms and a new arena as the MCI Center in downtown Washington opened on December 2nd with the Wizards beating the Seattle Supersonics 95-78. At the MCI Center the Wizards were hard to beat as they posted a 24-12 record while setting a team record in attendance. However the Wizards would fall one game short of the playoffs as they finished in fourth place with a 42-40 record. Source: DC reports lowest murder rate in decades. Video Uploaded by AlJazeeraEnglish on Dec 30, 2011. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=giDRq0Uu6Bo> Annotation: This video talks about the drop in DCs crime rate Source: Washington Wizards Tribute Video. Artist: Prince Negaafellaga.

<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LjbOWVHeF1c> Annotation: This is a tribute to the Wizards basketball team. Source: 1978 NBA Finals Game 7 Bullets vs. Sonics. Uploaded on May 21, 2008. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m9qqmk7r2Ig> Annotation: This is a video of the Bullets winning the 1978 NBA Finals, Game 7.