1

Nguyn Quc Tun Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunication,

College of Technology,
Vietnam National University Hanoi
2
Quy hoch mng GSM-1
Cc bc tin hnh
- Chun b quy hoch v quy m mng
- Quy hoch tng th
- Quy hoch chi tit
- Kim tra , nh gi
- Ti u ha
Quy hoch
3
Phn tch th trng
- Cc yu t cnh tranh
- Cc khch hng tim nng
- Cc dch v c yu cu v s dng (User profiles)
Cc yu cu khch hng
- Cc yu cu ph sng
- Cc yu cu dung lng
- Cc cht lng mong mun (khi to thnh cng, tc rt cuc gi..)
- Cc hn ch ti chnh
- Cc k hoch khai thc, m rng mng trong tng lai
Cc yu t mi trng v cc iu kin bin khc
- Vng hnh thi hc (Area morthography)
- Hnh dng vng mng (TopoGraphy)
- V tr trm ch
- Bng thng c th
- Cc v tr trm BTS c khuyn ngh
Quy hoch mng GSM-1
4
Chun b quy hoch Kho st th trng
- Ln u tin Mobile ra i 1970 gi l Advanced Mobile Phone Service AMPS
th h 1. Sau GSM xut hin tip vo nm 1980 chn Gaussian Minimum Shift
Key GMSK l phng php iu ch (vt ln Digital Advanced Mobile Phone
System D-AMPS v Code Division Multiple Access - CDMA) gi l th h 2
- Trong 5 nm gn y, mi nm c thm 350 triu thu bao mi trn ton th gii (1
triu thu bao mi mi ngy hay 10 thu bao mi mi giy)
- Ban u d nh ch yu dng cho dch v thoi v gi l thoi mobile, hin nay
ang m rng thnh m nhc mobile, Tivi mobile , email mobile v s l vn phng
mobile
- Ban u ch l truyn dn knh tc 13Kb/s cho Global systems for Mobile
Communication - GSM. Hin ti ang l truyn dn gi tc 172.1 Kb/s cho
General Packet Radio Services GPRS v tng lai s l mng bng rng c bng
rng ti 2Mb/s cho Wide Code Division Multiple Access WCDMA
- Mng mobile th h 3 ra i v s c thng mi ha, quy hoch 3G
nhn li quy hoch 2G/GSM
Quy hoch mng GSM-1
5
GSM - Radio Network Planning
1. Radio Network Planning
BASICS OF RADIO NETWORK PLANNING
RADIO NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS
RADIO NETWORK PRE-PLANNING
RADIO NETWORK DETAILED PLANNING
RADIO NETWORK OPTIMISATION
2. Transmission Network Planning
TRANSMISSION NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS
DETAILED TRANSMISSION NETWORK PLANNING
TRANSMISSION NETWORK OPTIMISATION
3. Core Network Planning
CORE NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS
BASICS OF SIGNALLING
6
Quy hoch tng th - m hnh mng
- Hnh dng ca cell
- M hnh mng
GSM - Radio Network Planning
7
Quy hoch tng th - m hnh mng
GSM - Radio Network Planning
8
Phn t MS
- Gm 2 phn : Thit b truyn tin v modul nhn dng thu bao (SIM)
+ Thit b truyn tin cho php iu ch/gii iu ch GMSK
m ha /gii m knh/ting
+ SIM lu tr s liu cho c thu bao ln cc thao tc ca MS
GSM - Radio Network Planning
9
GSM - Radio Network Planning
Phn t BSS
- Gm 2 loi thit b : Tp cc BTS (Tp trung thu bao) v mt BSC (Host)
+ BTS gm 2 khi i) khi tn s thp chu trch nhim x l tn hiu s v ii)
khi tn s cao iu ch.gii iu ch GMSK truyn tin thng qua giao din
U
m
+ BSC iu hnh cc trm c s trong mng a phng, n l trm
Host
10
GSM - Radio Network Planning
Radio Cell & truyn sng
- Din tch c bao ph tn hiu c gi l vng ph sng
- Khong cch truyn ph thuc vo cc c tnh lan truyn sng radio trong
vng
- 3 loi vng c xc nh : Urban, Sub-urban v Rural
- Cc cell ti cc vng ny c
th in-door hay out-door vi
Macro/Micro/pico cell
- R
Macro
~ t 3km -35km
R
Micro
~ t 500m 5 km
R
pico
~ < 500m thng in-door
11
GSM - Radio Network Planning
12
GSM - Radio Network Planning
Yu cu truyn sng
Khng gian t nhin
- Anten ng hng
+ Cng sut bc x cc hng nh nhau
+ Din tch bc x A = 4tR
2
+ Mt cng sut ti khong cch R
S = P * G / A
P cng sut pht, G li anten
+ Cng sut tn hiu thu ti khong cch R
P
r
= P*G
t
*G
r
*( / 4tR)
2
P
r
(dB) = P(dB) + G
t
(dB) + G
r
(dB)+ 20*log(f) - 20*log(d)
- Hai i lng u tin P v G kt hp li gi l EIRP (h s cng sut tn x ng hng)
- H s suy hao L
dB
= EIRP + G
r
(dB) P
r
(dB)
= 92.5 (dB) + 20*log(f) + 20*log(d)
Ch : f n v (GHz) cn d n v (km)
13
GSM - Radio Network Planning
Phng php truyn sng
- Tnh ton din tch cell lin quan n
+ Cc tham s cn thit v truyn sng c lng suy hao gia my pht
+ Tuy nhin sng in t t BTS n MS theo mi hng gy ra cc nh hng
1. Trc tip (1)
2. Phn x v a ng (5)
3. Nhiu x v che khut (2)
4. Nhiu (4)
5. Fading (3)
- Cc m hnh tnh vi cc tham s lin quan
14
GSM - Radio Network Planning
- M hnh OkumuraHata tha mn vng ven (Sub-Urban)
+ Tn s f : 1501500 MHz (2GHz), khong cch gia MS v BTS d: 120 km
+ Chiu cao anten pht H
b
: 3200 m, anten thu H
m
: 110 m
L = A + B log
10
(f)13.82 log
10
(H
b
) a(H
m
) + [44.96.55*log
10
(Hb)] * log
10
(d) + L
other
H s hiu chnh a(Hm) = [1.1*log10( f ) 0.7] *Hm [1.56* log10( f ) 0.8]
Phng php truyn sng
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GSM - Radio Network Planning
Phng php truyn sng
16
GSM - Radio Network Planning
- M hnh Walfish-Ikegami tha mn vng ni (Urban)
+ M hnh WalfishIkegami phn bit hai trng hp : line-of-sight (LOS) v non-line-of-
sight (NLOS)
+ Cng thc tnh suy hao trong iu kin LOS c th vit
L = 42.6 + 26 log
10
d + 20 log
10
f
+ Cng thc tnh suy hao trong iu kin NLOS c th vit
L = 32.4 + 20 log
10
d + 20 log
10
f + L
rts
+ L
msd
L
rts
l suy hao do tn x cn L
msd
l suy hao do tn sc a ng .
Phng php truyn sng
17
GSM - Radio Network Planning
- M hnh Walfish-Ikegami tha mn vng ni (Urban)
+ Suy hao do tn x xy ra khi sng Radio t nc nh gn nht ti my thu:
L
rts
= 16.9 10 log
10
w 10 log
10
f 20 log
10
(hroof hRX) L
ori
+ Suy hao do tn sc xy ra khi sng Radio truyn t BTS n cc nc nh ti my thu
L
msd
= L
bsh
+ k
a
+ k
d
log
10
d + k
f
10 log
f
f 9 log b
Phng php truyn sng

< s
< s +
< s +
=
o o o
0 0 o
o
90 55 ) 55 - 0.114( - 4.0
55 35 ) 35 - 0.075( 2.5
35 0 0.354 10 -
| |
| |
| |
rst
L

<
> +
=
roof BTS
roof BTS roof
h h 0
h h ) h - (h (1 18 -
BTS
bsh
L

s <
s s
>
=
R B R B
R B R B
R B
h h & km 0.5 d d/0.5 ) h - (h 0.8 - 54
h h & km 0.5 d ) h - (h 0.8 - 54
h h 54
a
k

<
>
=
R B
MS R
R B
R B
h h
) h - h (
) h - (h
15 - 18
h h 8
d
k

=
urban 1) -
925
f
1.5(
suburban 1) -
925
f
0.7(
. 4
f
k
18
GSM - Radio Network Planning
- Mc tiu ca n l tm v tr ti u cho trm BTS ph sng lin tc
- xc nh v tr, hm phn b mt xc xut tn hiu thu c fading chm c dng
Tham s r l li tn hiu nhn c, x
0
l ngng tn hiu
- c bit, BTS v MS phi o c mc tn hiu nm trong di -110 dBm cho ti -48 dBm
v c nh x sang gi tr RxQUAL (0..7)
- Cng c ca n bao gm
+ Bn s
+ M hnh truyn sng vi tn s, vi mi trng cell, chiu cao anten BTS ..
( )
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|

= =

}
2
1
2
1
2
1
0
2 /
2
2 2
0
0
o
o t
o
m
r r
x
x
r x
erf dr e p
m
Phng php truyn sng
19
GSM - Radio Network Planning
- Mc tiu ca n l xc nh cc yu t khc nh hng n truyn sng
nhy ca MS: Ph thuc vo mc E
b
/N
0
ti thiu. Ga tr nhy ca MS trong
GSM900/1800 khong -102 dBm .
= 8 dB + 10 dB + (290K 1.38 1023 J/K) + 54 dB
= 8 dB + 10 dB 174 dBm + 54 dB = 102 dBm
nhy ca BTS: c xc nh bi ETSI's GSM, tnh ton tng t nh vi MS t
gi tr khong -106 dBm.
D phng Fade: C s khc bit gia tn hiu thu c v ngng my thu. Thng
thng ngng fade nhanh l thng s quan trng v bng 2dB cho vng thnh ph khc
vi 1 dB cho vng ngoi (urban)
.
D tr lin kt (cng sut)
w FkT
N
E
S
b
i 0
0
=
20
GSM - Radio Network Planning
Suy hao do mi ni v cable : Do c s dng truyn dn cng sut nn n phi
c tnh. Thng thng suy hao do mi ni l nh, c 0.1 dB cn suy hao do cp ch
ra trong bng di y
li anten MS v BTS: antennas c dng cho MS v BTS c mc li khc
nhau. li antenn ca MS antenna thp , xp x 0 dBi, trong khi li antenna ca
BTS thay i t 8dBi cho ti 21 dBi. li ny c th tng nh k thut phn tp antenna
(cho c uplink ln downlink).
D tr lin kt (cng sut)
21
GSM - Radio Network Planning
li phn tp c dng hiu chnh s mt cn bng gia 2 tuyn uplink v
downlink (ch c trong my thu BTS). Phng php c bn thu ring bit antenna nm
ngang v thng ng. Phn tp khng gian lm gim nh hng fade khong 5 dB.
Cc h s suy hao khc ca thit b bao gm :
+ isolator do tn hiu c pht khi a ln my pht, combiner do t hp cc tn
hiu TX vo mt antenna v t hp filter cc tn hiu c pht v cc tn hiu nhn
c vo mt feeder cable. Suy hao do isolator, combiner v filter khong 23 dB.
+ Hai h s li khc cn c xem xt l mast head amplifier (MHA) dng
khuych i tn hiu nhn c (lm gim s mt cn bng gia ng up/down) v
booster khuych i cng sut pht BTS .
d phng nhiu degradation do s dng li tn s: khong 3dB cho vng ngoi
v nng thn (suburban & rural) cn 4 dB - 5dB cho vng ni (urban)
D tr lin kt (cng sut)
22
GSM - Radio Network Planning
D tr lin kt (cng sut)
23
GSM - Radio Network Planning
V d :
nhy ca BTS l c s tnh isotropic power
F = A + B + C D E = 106 dBm + 3 dB + 2 dB 18 dBi 5 dB = 124 dBm
+ cn nhy MS isotropic power
F = 100 dBm + 3 dB + 0 dB 0 dBi 0 dB = 97 dBm
Firstly the BTS peak EIRP is
P = Q + F = 154 dB + (97 dBm) = 57 dBm (2.10)
+ Then continuing to the BTS TX power, the downlink EIRP is subtracted by the BTS
antenna gain (O) and added to the cable loss (N) and isolator, combiner and filter loss (L):
K = M + L = P + N O + L = 57 dBm + 2 dB 18 dBi + 3 dB = 44 dBm
D tr lin kt (cng sut
24
GSM - Radio Network Planning
Quy hoch tn s
- Cho php s dng li tn s
- Nhm m bo dung lng cn thit v ph sng trong di tn s cho trc
- Cc knh tn s phi c s dng li sao cho nhiu kt hp knh nh. Tn s
nh hng n (s sng mang/cell) m n c tnh bng s knh chia cho tc
s dng li tn s sao cho gim c nhiu ng chnh knh (Co-channel
Interference) bng t s sng mang C trn nhiu I
q l tham s suy gim nhiu ng chnh
knh, g l slot suy hao truyn sng,
N l s can nhiu,
D khong cch v
R l bn knh sao cho
q=D/R

=

=
= = =
N
n
N
n
n
N
n
n
q D
R
I
C
I
C
1 1 1
1

25
GSM - Radio Network Planning
Quy hoch tn s
Pht ri rc (DTX)
- gim nhiu ng knh, tng hiu sut ph v thi gian sng ca PIN ti MS
- Da trn s pht hin khong lng gim cng sut pht
Nhy tn
- Cho php s dng ng tn s
- Trn thc t cc sng mang c thay i chu k hoc ngu nhin sau mi khung
TDMA tn s c th b thay itrong 1 sec khung TDMA c 2197 ln thay i
- Nhy tn trong GSM da trn nhy sng mang bng c s (BB) v ng b nhy
tn (RF)
+ BB: cc tn s TRX c nh v nhy tn trnh t t TRX ny sang TRX kia sao
cho BCCH khng nhy
+ RF: c mt TRX gi nguyn cn cc TRX khc c th nhy tn trnh t hay
ngu nhin la chn t cc tn s c th(1 user/TRX) Tt c cc TS c cng
s trnh t nhy tn (HSN)
- u im chnh ca nhy tn l khng cn thay i cu hnh mng v t ng
chp nhn tt c cc loi MS
26
GSM - Radio Network Planning
Quy hoch tn s
iu khin cng sut
- Cng sut ca BTS/MS c th thay i c cho c DL ln UL nhm gim
nhiu ng knh, tng hiu sut ph, tit kim thi gian sng ca PIN ti MS
+ Cng sut pht ca MS (max) 2W c gim theo bc 2dB trong 15 bc
+ BTS cng gim tng bc 2dB trong khong 30dB
+ Mi ln i 2dB thc hin sau 13 khung (13x4.615) = 60ms
- Khi ng kt ni MS pht cng sut c nh chun chung cho mi MS trong
cell nh thng tin gi ti MS qua knh BCCH
- Trm MS o cng sut v gi ti BSS qua BTS. BSS cng o tn hiu nhn
c
- Da trn thng tin thu thp c BSS tnh ton mc cng sut pht cho c MS
ln BTS
27
Quy hoch lu lng
Lu lng knh
- Nhm tnh ton cc iu kin knh cn thit phn b
- Lu lng cn thit ph thuc vo yu t ngi dng nh : s ngi dng, thi
im v xc xut tc ngn theo cng thc
trong T l lu lng v C l s knh lu lng bng Erl B
- V d: Tnh s knh cn thit khi lu lng 1 ngi dng l 20 mErl v s thu
bao l 500, xc xut tc ngn nh hn 2%
+ Lu lng cn thit l 500 x 20 mErl = 10 Erl
+ Theo bng (Erl B) ta cn 17 knh
- + Nh vy cn 3 lung (TRX)
| |
( ) | | T C C C T i T
T C C C T
P
i T
C T
P
C
C
i
i
C
C
C
i
i
C
B
+

= =


= =
! / ! /
( ! /
! /
! /
1
0 0
GSM - Radio Network Planning
28
Quy hoch lu lng
Cu trc knh
- Do bng thng GSM b gii hn do h thng phi c chia di tn thng minh
- GSM s dng c FDMA ln TDMA vi bng thng 200KHz
- GSM 900 c ti 124 tn s sng mang FDMA
- Khung TDMA cha 8 khe thi gian (4.6msec) c nhn dng 22 bit c t chc theo
a khung (26 khung), siu khung (51 a khung) v a siu khung (2048) siu khung)
nhm cha cc thng tin (knh) iu khin khc
- Knh TCH s dng 2048/51/26/8 cn knh CCH s dng 2048/26/51/8
GSM - Radio Network Planning
29
Quy hoch lu lng
Lu lng mi cell nn nh nhau ?
+ Ph thuc mt ngi dng
+ Ph thuc mt di chuyn ngi dng gia cc cell
Mt ngi dng rng buc lu lng v din tch cell
Din tch cell khc nhau gia cc vng ni <> ngoi
Hnh dng cell ty thuc vo a l tng vng
+ Bi ton nh x site BTS
+ Bi ton iu khin cng sut
GSM - Radio Network Planning
30
Quy hoch lu lng
V d :
GSM - Radio Network Planning
31
32
- Cc c tnh ca tn hiu sng mang l Bin , Tn s, Phase .. Cc sng mang
thng c tn s cao hn tc thng tin v th thng c 3 phng thc iu ch
c bn : ASK, PSK v FSK.
- Ty thuc v mc ri rc ca bin , tn s hay pha t cc phng thc c
bn ny chn M-ASK, M-PSK hay M-FSK
- GSM s dng iu ch GMSK(Gausian Minimum Shift Key)
+ MSK c sai khc gia tn s (mc logic 0/1) lun bng tc d liu
+ C khong cch tn s ti thiu cho php 2 tn hiu FSK kt hp trc giao
+ Cc tn hiu MSK trc giao v khong cch ti thiu ph gn hn, ISI thp
- Tuy nhin do ph MSK c side-lobe ko di hn tc d liu do trc khi iu
ch phi s dng b lc Gaussian gim nng lng ph pha cao
- GMSK ng dng cho h thng a truy cp phn chia thi gian. Trong GSM BT=0.3
c chun ha b tr gia vic tng bng thng v chng li ISI
- 99% cng sut RF ca tn hiu GSMK xc nh ti 250KHz ( 25KHz l)
iu ch
GSM - Radio Network Planning
33
- Phn b p ng xung Gaussian hnh bn
- BT nh ngha theo -3dB BW ca b lc
v tc d liu :
Ch rng ISI xy ra khi 1 bt khi
truyn tri cng ra > 1 bt nhn.
- Khi BT=0.3, cc k hiu k lin s b
nhiu ln nhau nhiu hn so vi BT=0.5
- GMSK c BT= tng ng vi
MSK.
- Cn bng gia cc yu t ISI v side-
lobe (hnh trn v hnh di)
- ISI nhiu hn s tr nn kh tch (the
detection) tn hiu hn.
BitRate
f
BT
dB 3
=
GSM - Radio Network Planning
iu ch
34
Freq. Hopping
35
GSM - Radio Network Planning
Hy tnh s sites cn thit cho 1 vng sao cho
- Din tch ph sng cho vng l 1000km2.
- Cc trm BST s dng pht sng loi 3-sectored.
- Mi sector (cell) bao ph khong 3.0 km
Tr li :
- Din tch ph sng cho mi cell bi mi site = k*2tR
2
trong : k= 1.95
- Din tch c bao ph bi 1 site = 1.95 * 32=17.55 km
- Vy tng s site = 1000/17.55 = 57 site
Example 1: