NG C THC PHM DO THC PHM H HNG, BIN CHT.

I/ Thc n b bin cht gy ra ng c: 1. Thc n l ngun dinh dng cho c th ngi duy tr cuc sng, cung cp nng lng c bn v nng lng cn thit cho mi hot ng chc ca c th, cung cp protein, vitamin nhm to t bo mi, cc hormone nhm pht trin c th. Nhng nu thc n b bin i thnh nhng cht khc, khng mang li li ch cho c th v nng lng v to t bo, ngc li to ra cc cht c hi cho c th, dn n xut hin nhng triu chng v du hiu ca ng c sau khi n, ung nhng thc n c gi l ng c thc phm do thc n bin cht. Qu trnh dn n bin cht thc n ny l do quy nh v sinh khng m bo t cc khu bo qun, ch bin v ct gi thc phm. a. Thc phm, thc n b cc vi sinh vt, cc enzym phn gii thnh nhng cht chuyn ha trung gian gy c. b. Do tc ng ca mi trng nh: nhit , nh sng, Oxy, bi mi trng cng lm cho thc phm b bin cht. 2. Nhng cht c c to ra t nhng thc phm, thc n b bin cht bao gm: a. T cc cht m to ra: Cc acid hu c: amoniac, phenol, indol. Cc amin: putresin, tyramin, Histamin, tryptmin, betamin b. T cc cht bo bin cht to ra: L cc glycerin, acid bo t do, ceton, aldehyd, peroxyde. c. T cc cht bt (Glucide) to ra: a. acetic, acid hu c, c t nm. 3. Cc thc phm d bin cht v gy ng c l: Thc phm c ngun gc t tht, sa, tht luc, tht xo, tht bm, nu ng, ch, bat, xc xch, bnh nhn sa, tht, sa chua, bnh gat. Thc phm c ngun gc t c: ch c, c luc, c kh, c p, c hp. Cc thc phm t m, du: xo, rn, quay. Cc thc phm t ng cc (go, sn, lc, ), cm, xi, nhn bnh, lc rang, ko lc. 4. Cch nhn bit thc phm thc n b bin cht: a. Thay i mi v tr thnh: chua, cay, nng, hc. b. Thay i mu sc v khng gi c khun mu ban u. c. Thay i cu trc, mt ca thc n so vi bnh thng.

II/ Du hiu v triu chng ng c thc phm do thc n bin cht: - Cm gic lc mi n: do mi v thc n thay i gy kh chu, khng cn cm gic hp dn ngon ming, m, mm ca thc phm phi thay i. - Xut hin cc triu chng ng c sm t 1- 3 gi sau khi n, ch yu l triu chng tiu ha nh bun nn, nn, au bng vng thng v tng cn co tht ri i ngoi nhiu ln, lc u c phn, sau phn t nc nhiu. Cc triu chng khc c th xut hin l: nga, m ay, au u, mt mi. Cc triu chng trn c th dn sau khi nn v i ngoi nhiu ln, nhng cng c th nng ln gy ra suy sp c th do mt nc, mt in gii, toan chuyn ha v ri lon thn nhit (lnh h nhit hay st cao, co git). - Cc xt nghim tm c cht: tt nht l xt nghim t cc mu thc n cn li hoc t cc thc n m ngi bnh nn ra. Cc xt nghim mu, nc tiu, phn thng cho kt qu chm v khng chnh xc. III/ X tr cp cu ngi b ng c thc phm do thc n b bin cht: 1.Ngh n ng c thc phm do thc n b bin cht khi: a. Thc n c mi kh chu, khng ngon v ti nh tng n, thc n c lu trong t lnh, qu hn dng. b. Ngay sau khi n (1-3 gi sau) thy cm gic y bng, bun nn v nn ma, tip theo l cm gic au u, ni da g. c. Nhiu ngi cng c triu chng khi cng n loi thc n . 2. X tr cp cu: a. Cho bnh nhn t nn hay gy nn cho bnh nhn (bng cch cho ung 200ml nc sch, m ri nm u thp, nghing tri, dng 1 tm bng ngoi vo thnh bn ca hng ngi bnh nn ht thc n cn li v d dy rng. b. Sau cho ung 25g than hot ( pha vi 100ml nc sch) hoc 1 type than hot Antipois- B.Mai hp ph cht c cn li trong ng tiu ha. c. Cho ung nhiu nc c pha 1 gi ozerol b nc v in gii: Nu bnh nhn khng cc triu chng th phi a ngay n bnh vin hay trung tm chng c. ng thi gi li thc n nghi ng v gi bo cho cc VSATTP v ngi c trch nhim lin quan. IV/ Cc bin php phng trnh thc phm, thc n b bin cht: 1. La chn thc phm an ton: a. Thc phm ti sng, cn hn s dng, khng i mu sc, khng mt nhn hay ty xa hn dng, phi c du kim nh an ton thc phm.

b. Khng mua cc thc phm by bn ngoi ng m khng c bo v, khng n cc thc n chn ngoi ng m khng c kim sot ca VSATTP. 2. Bo qun, ct gi: Thc phm, thc n t lnh cn cho vo hp sch kn hay bc giy kn. a.Thc phm cha dng ngay cn trong t mt, hay t lnh, c bit thc phm l c, tht, sa phi trong t v c bc kn bng giy sch. b.Thc phm, thc n sau khi ch bin cn c n ngay, khng lu bn ngoi. c.Thc n tha nn t mt v dng ngay 3, 4 gi sau, khng nn dng nu trn 4 gi. Thc n ly ra nn un nng li trc khi n. d. Rau qu ct gi t lnh ngn cui cng nn bc kn v s dng sm v lu cc cht dinh dng v vitamin s b mt i. e. Lun gi cho cc ngn t lnh, t mt v ngn rau qu sch s, lm v sinh t nht 1 tun/ 1ln v khng ln ln thc n, ung chn v cha chn, hoc tht c ln vi rau qu./. Trch t ti liu: Ng c thc phm nguyn nhn v cch phng trnh ca B Gio Dc V o To nm 2007