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    HBe Ag, or Hepatitis Be antigen, is used as a marker of viral replication for Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B can be prevented through either passive immunization with Hepatitis B immunoglobulin or active immunization with the Hepatitis B recombinant vaccine. Initially, vaccination targeted high-risk groups like babies of infected mothers, healthcare workers, and those with sexual contacts with infected individuals. Diagnostic tests for Hepatitis B include detecting HBSAg, which indicates a current infection, and antibodies to Hepatitis B core antigen and surface antigen, which can indicate immunity. Hepatitis C virus is a major cause of chronic hepatitis worldwide and spreads primarily through blood exposure, with major risk factors being injection drug use and transfusion

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    HBe Ag, or Hepatitis Be antigen, is used as a marker of viral replication for Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B can be prevented through either passive immunization with Hepatitis B immunoglobulin or active immunization with the Hepatitis B recombinant vaccine. Initially, vaccination targeted high-risk groups like babies of infected mothers, healthcare workers, and those with sexual contacts with infected individuals. Diagnostic tests for Hepatitis B include detecting HBSAg, which indicates a current infection, and antibodies to Hepatitis B core antigen and surface antigen, which can indicate immunity. Hepatitis C virus is a major cause of chronic hepatitis worldwide and spreads primarily through blood exposure, with major risk factors being injection drug use and transfusion

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    15 views2 pages

    Hepatitis C

    Uploaded by

    moonfire2009
    HBe Ag, or Hepatitis Be antigen, is used as a marker of viral replication for Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B can be prevented through either passive immunization with Hepatitis B immunoglobulin or active immunization with the Hepatitis B recombinant vaccine. Initially, vaccination targeted high-risk groups like babies of infected mothers, healthcare workers, and those with sexual contacts with infected individuals. Diagnostic tests for Hepatitis B include detecting HBSAg, which indicates a current infection, and antibodies to Hepatitis B core antigen and surface antigen, which can indicate immunity. Hepatitis C virus is a major cause of chronic hepatitis worldwide and spreads primarily through blood exposure, with major risk factors being injection drug use and transfusion

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    HBe Ag:

    (Hepatitis Be antigen)

    It is used as a marker of viral replication.

    Immunization:
    Hepatitis B may be prevented by either passive (Hepatitis B immunoglobulin) (HBIG) or active (Hepatitis B recombinant vaccine) for immunization. Initially vaccination was targeted towards high risk individuals such as : 1) Babies of infected mothers 2) Health care workers 3) Those having sexual contacts with infected individuals

    Diagnostic tests for Hepatitis B:


    HBSAG is produced in excess by the virus and is used as laboratory test to detect current HBV infection (Acute & Chronic) antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen (Anti HBc) is the most commonly detected antibody against HBV two tests are usually used. 1) IgM (Immunoglobulin M) 2) Total Anti-HBC The total antibody test measures both IgM & IgG antibodies and usually positive for life after exposure. IgM anti HBC is usually positive for three months to six months after acute infection. But is occasionally positive with chronic HBV infection as well . Anti-body to the hepatitis B surface antigen (Anti HBS) is considered an evidence of immunity to hepatitis B and is the only marker found in those receiving the hepatitis B vaccines. During the recovery from natural infection most individuals develop both Anti-HBS & Anti-HBC .Hepatitis B viral DNA is a direct measure of circulating virus.

    Hepatitis C Virus:
    (HCV) is the most common cause of chronic hepatitis in North America, Europe and Japan. It is estimated to infect approximately 170 million individuals worldwide. HCV infection primarily occurs through plasma. The major risk factors are injection, drug use & transfusion before testing the blood supply. HCV is an RNA flavivirus with a high rate of spontaneous mutation. There are six major genotypes along with a number of subtypes.

    Preventions of Hepatitis C Virus:


    Prevention of hepatitis C has proved to be more difficult than HAV & HBV. However there has been an 80% decrease in incidence of HCV over the past decade, which is thought to due testing blood donar for HCV into safe injection practices to reduce risk of HIV infection.

    Diagnostic tests for HCV:

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