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BÀI TẬP KINH TẾ VI MÔ CÓ LỜI GIẢI
BÀI TẬP KINH TẾ VI MÔ CÓ LỜI GIẢI
=> Q = 27
Li nhun ti a:
TR TC = 55*27 (272 + 27 + 169) = 560
c. Hng ho vn khi P = ATC min
ATC = Q + 1 +169/Q
ATCmin (ATC) = 0
Q = 13
d. Hng ng ca sn xut khi: P = AVCmin
AVC = Q + 1 => AVCmin = 1
Vy khi P = 1 hng ng ca sn xut
e. ng cung ca hng l ng MC bt du t im P > AVCmin
P = 2Q + 1 (vi P > 1)
f. Nu Chnh Ph anh thu 5$/n v sn phm khi :
TC = Q2 + Q + 169 + 5Q = Q2 + 6Q + 169
MC = 2Q + 6
AVCmin = 6, hng ng ca sn xut khi P = 6
ng cung ca hng P = 2Q + 6
g. Khi mc gi trn th trng P = 30 $
ATCmin = 27, ta thy ATCmin > P
hng tip tc sn xut
Sn lng khi : Q = 14.5
Chu y :Q2 = Qbinh
Mt bi gii khc: xin cc bn cho kin
a/ FC:chi ph c nh, l chi ph khi Q= 0, FC = 169
VC l chi ph bin i, = TC - FC = Q bnh + Q
AVC:chi ph bin i trung bnh, = VC/Q = Q+1
ATC: chi ph trung bnh = AVC+AFC hay = TC/Q = Q+1+169/Q
MC: chi ph bin, = (TC)' = 2Q+1
b/ Gi P = 55, ti a ha li nhun, MC=P
=> Q = 27 v TR-TC = 55x27 - 27x27-27-169 = 560
c/Ha vn khi TC=TR <=> PQ=TC
55P= Q bnh +Q+169 => Q= 50,66 hay Q = 3,33
d/ Hng ng ca khi P< ATC min
M ATC = Q+1+169/ Q
Ly o hm ca ATC = 1 - 169/Q bnh
=> Q= 13 => ATC min = 27
Vy khi gi < hay = 27, hng s ng ca sn xut
e/ng cung ca hng l ng MC, bt u t im ng ca P=27 tr ln.
f/ Nu CP nh thu 5$ th chi ph sn xut mi mc s tng ln 5$. ng cung dch ln trn,
im ng ca dch ln thnh 32.
g/Khi gi l 30, nu nh sau khi nh thu th s khng sn xut v n di im ng ca l 32.
Cn trc khi nh thu gi l 32 th vn s sn xut.
NSX s sn xut sao cho MC=P
<=> 2Q+1 = 32 => Q= 15,5
1 doanh nghip trong thj trng cnh tranh hon ho c hm AVC = 2Q + 10 trong do AVC
n v l USD . Q l n v 1000 sn phm.
a) vit phng trnh biu din ng cung ca doanh nghip
b)khi gia bn ca sn phm la 22 USD th doanh nghip ha vn . Tnh chi ph c nh ca
doanh nghip nu doanh nghip tit kim c 1000 usd chi ph c nh th li nhun ca
doanh nghip l bao nhiu
c)nu chnh ph tr cp 2 usd trn mt n v sn phm bn ra th doanh nghip s la
chn mc sn lng no tnh li nhun thu c
a. Ta c:VC = AVC.Q = 2Qbnh + 10Q
MC = (VC)' = 4Q + 10
Do y l doanh nghip cnh tranh hon ho => Ps= MC = 4Q + 10.
Vy ng cung ca doanh nghip c phng trnh l Ps = 4Q + 10.
b. Doanh nghip ha vn =>> TR = TC <=> P.Q = VC + FC.
P=-Qd/2+50
P=Qs/2+10
Thng d tiu dng: CS=1/2*(50-30)*40=400
Thng d sn xut: PS=1/2*(30-10)P40=400
=> Tng thng d x hi: =PS+CS=800
(My ci ny v hnh th tnh ton s d dng hn )
b/ Nu chnh ph t gi trn l 25 th lc lng cu v lng cung ca th trng l:
Qd=50,Qs=30
=> Lng thiu ht l TH=50-30=20
c/ Nu chnh ph t gi sn l 35 th:
Qs=30,Qd=50=> Lng d tha: DT=50-30=20
Mt hng sn xut c hm cu l:Q=130-10P
a) Khi gi bn P=9 th doanh thu l bao nhiu?Tnh co gin ca cu theo gi ti mc gi
ny v cho nhn xt.
b) Hng ang bn vi gi P=8,5 hng quyt nh gim gi tng doanh thu.quyt nh
ny ca hng ng hay sai?V sao?
c) Nu cho hm cung Qs=80, hy tnh gi v lng cn bng?Tnh co gin ca cu theo
gi ti mc gi cn bng v cho nhn xt.
a) Ta c: P=9 thay vo pt ng cu ta c: Q=130-10x9=40.
Ta li c TR=PxQ= 9x40= 360
Vy khi gi bn l P=9 th doanh thu l TR= 360.
Ta c: Q= 130-10P => (Q)`= -10
co gin ca ng cu = (Q)`x P\Q= -10x9\40= -2,25
Vy khi gi thay i 1% th lng cu thay i 2,25%
b) Khi gi l P= 8,5 th lc lng cu s l Q=130-10x8,5=45
Lc doanh thu s l TR= 8,5x45=382,5
Vy khi hng quyt nh gim gi th doanh thu t c ln hn. Quyt nh ca hng l ng.
c) Ti v tr cn bng ta c: Qd=Qs
<=> 130-10P=80
<=>10P=50 <=>P =5 =>Pe=5.
Qe=Qs=80.
Vy mc gi cn bng l P=5, mc sn lng cn bng l Q=80
co gin ca dong cu= -10x5/80= -0,625.
Vy khi gi thay i 1% th lng s thay i 0,625% .
Cho bit h s co gin cu v xe my i vi gi ca n l 1,7.H s co gin v xe my i
vi gi xng l 0,6.H s co gin cu v xe my vi thu nhp l 1.D bo trong nm ti gi
xng tng 10%, thu nhp tng 10%. Hy xc nh u ca cc h s co gin trn. gi
nguyn lng cu v xe my trong nm ti bng nm nay th nn thay i gi xe my theo
chiu hng no v thay i bao nhiu %?
do gi tng thi luong cau ve xe may giam nn Ep = -1.7
tuong tu: do gi xng tng ngi ta s mua t xe my i nn Ek = -0,6
Ei = 1 vi thu nhap tang ngui tiu dng giu c hn nn mua nhiu hon
gia xang tang 10 % thi luong tieu dung tang -6 %
thu nhap tang 10 % thi .............................10%
luong tieu dung tng 4%.suy ra d luong tieu dung trong nm ti ko i th nn tang gi xe my
d luong cau giam -4% =>gia tang 4:1.7=.....%
Mt ngi tiu dng c thu nhp l I -1,5triu/thng mau hai hng ha X v Y. Gi ca
hng ha X l 15,000ng/kg v hng ha Y l 5000 ng/kg Hm tng li ch c cho
bi TU = 2XY
A. Xc nh kt hp tiu dng ti u? Li nhun ha ti a thu c bao nhiu.?
B. Nu thu nhp tng ln gp i th kt hp tiu dng ti u mi l bao nhiu?
C. Nu thu nhp ca ng tiu dng vn l 1,5 triu/thng nhng gi ca hng ha X gim
cn 10,000ng/kg, Xc nh kt hp tiu dng ti u mi.
MR=MC<=>Q*=3500/3,P*=19,TR=66500/3,TP=17500/3
b>E=-700/3.19.3/3500=-19/5
CS=1/2.(24-19).3500/3=17500/6
c>L=-1/E=5/19,PS=(19-14).3500/3=17500/3
d>nh thu c nh th ko nh hng n mc sn lng v gi nhng TPm=TP-1000
e>MCt=MC+2=16.MR=MC<=>24-3/350Q=16=>Qt=2800/3,Pt=20,TRt=56000/3,TPt=11200/3
f>lc ny x hi ko c mt ko v ngi c li l tiu dng do CS Tng v ko c li l doanh nghip
v PS gim?
Mt hng c quyn c ng cu v sn phm l P= 30-0.5Q , hm tng chi ph ca nh
c quyn nu l TC= 14Q
1, Tnh gi v sn lng ti a ha li nhun . Tnh gi tr thng d tiu dng v thng
d sn xut ti mc gi v sn lng ti u ny .
2, Tnh ch s o lng sc mnh ca nh c quyn v phn mt khng do nh dc quyn
gy ra .
3, Khi chnh ph thu thu l 1/ n v sn phm th gi v sn lng ti u cng nh li
nhun ca nh c quyn thay i nh th no ?
4 , V th minh ha
1.TR=P*Q=30Q-0.5Q^2
=>MR=30-Q
MC=TC'=14
Ti a ha li nhun <=> MR=MC => Q=16
=> P=22
Thng d tiu dng: CS=1/2*(30-22)*16=64
Thng d sn xut: PS=TR-VC=128
2. Ch s sc mnh : L=(P-MC)/P=0.27
Nu l th trng hon ho th:
Tng ch li x hi = PS*+CS*= 240
=> Phn mt khng do th trng c quyn gy ra:
DL=PS*+CS*-PS-CS=48
3. Khi chnh ph nh thu 1/1sp th hm chi ph cn bin lc ny l:
MC*=15
ti a ha li nhun th: MR=MC* => Q=15,P=15
LN= TR-TC=0 .
Gi nh hm s cung v hm s cu th trng go ca Vit Nam l:
Qs=20P-100 v Qd=80-10P
a) Hy xc nh gi c cn bng,s lng cn bng v m t bng th?
b) h tr cho ngi tiu dng,nh nc n nh gi ti a P=5.5 ,hi lng thiu ht
trn th trng l bao nhiu?
c) gii quyt lng thiu ht ,nh nc nhp khu go vi gi quy i l 6.5 ,trng
hp ny ngn sch nh nc phi b l s tin l bao nhiu ?L ngi tiu dng bn c
li g khi nh nc thc hin nhp khu thay v phn phi theo nh lng /?
a) cn bng th trng <=>Qs= Qd<=>20P-100=80-10P <=> P*=6 => Q*=20
(bn v ng cung ng cu ln th th im m 2 ng y ct nhau chnh l im cn bng,
gi cn bng =6 v lng cn bng = 20)
b) khi chnh ph p t gi P=5,5$ < P*
khi Qs=20*5,5-100=10 v Qd=80-10*5,5=25
=> Qd>Qs=> thiu ht th trng = Qd-Qs= 25-10=15
c) gii quyt lng thiu ht, nh nc phi nhp khu vi gi 6,5$ =>vi lng thiu ht l 15(
n v g ) th s ngn sch nh nc phi chi = 15*6,5=97,5($)
* l ngi tiu dng,khi chnh ph phi nhp go b phn thiu ht do chnh ph p t gi trn
< gi cn bng, th chng ta- nhng ngi tiu dng s mua c sn phm vi gi r hn, nn s
mua nhiu hn;)
Th trng sn phm X c hm cung v cu c dng=60-1/3Qd ,p=1/2Qs-15
a)Gi s chnh ph nh thu l gim sn lng cn bng xung v bng 84.Xc nh mc
a. CS =32:PS=23 b. CS=23;PS=23
c. CS=32 ; PS=32 d. Khng kt qu no ng.
3. Mt doanh nghip c TR = 1000Q - 10Q v VC=100Q+5Q
a. X nh Gi v sn lng khi doanh nghip theo ui mc tiu ti a ha li nhun.?
ti a ha li nhun th MR=MC =>> P=700,Q=30
b. Xc nh gi v sn lng khi doanh nghip theo ui mc tiu ti ha doanh thu.
TI A HA DOANH THU TH MC=0 =>>P=500, Q = 50
c. Nu nh thu t=10/sp xc nh gi v sn lng ti a ha li nhun sau thu?
NU NH THU TH MCt= MC+10 =>> MCt=MR
Bi 1:
Mt nn kinh t ng c thu ph thuc vo thu nhp. T=tY, chi tiu h gia nh
C=100+0.8Yd u t d kin I =225, chi tiu chnh ph G=325
a. xc nh thu sut m bo ngn sch cn bng tai mc sn lng cn bng
b. Nu thu sut t= 0.4 hy xc nh mc sn lng cn bng v cn cn ngn sch ti
mc sn lng .
c. Nu chi tiu chnh ph gim xung 1 lng l 52 v thu sut l 0.4 th sn lng cn
bng mi thay i ntn?
Bi 2
Mt nn kinh t c cc thng s sau : C=100+0.8 Yd, I=40+0.16Y,T=50+0.2Y,
G=200,X=100,IM=25+0.05Y
a. Xc nh mc sn lng cn bng c nhn xt g v tnh trng ngn sch v cn cn
thng mai.
b. Nu xut khu tng thm l 17.5 tnh mc sn lng cn bng mi. Cn cn thng mi
thay i theo chiu hng no?
V nguyn tc ta c cng thc tng qut sau :
Y = C + I + G + NX (net export)
trong :
- NX (xut khu rng) = xut khu - nhp khu = X- Im
- C thng l mt hm tuyn tnh ca Yd; Yd (Y kh dng ) = thu nhp - thu = Y- T
- Cch tnh T nh th no, u bi s cho, thng thng T t l vi Y : T= tY
T cng thc trn ngi ta cho nhiu d liu phc tp, v d nh bi 2 , cng ch lm ri mt
mnh m thi.
Bi 1:cu a: chu !Cha gp cu ny bao gi.
cu b: phng trnh trn trong bi ny s l :
Y = 100 + Yd + 225 + 325 (do kinh t ng nn k c NX)
= 100 + (1-t)Y + 225 + 325
vi t= 0.4 th Y = 1625
ngn sch thu vo 1625*0.4 =650. Trong khi chi tiu chnh ph ch c 325, vy thng d 650325 =325 (ci ny ch c trong l thuyt thi, he he)
c, chi tiu chnh ph gim 52 th G=325-52= 273.
Tnh tng t phn a, ta c Y=1495.
Hoc n gin hn l ly 1625 ban u tr i 52/0.4
Bi 2 : phng trnh trn tr thnh :
Y= C + I+ G + NX
Y= C + I+ G + X - Im
Y= 100+0.8 Yd + 40+0.16Y + 200 +100 - 25-0.05Y
C Yd = Y-T => Y = 100 + 0.8 (Y- 50-0.2Y) + 40 +0.16Y + 200 + 100 - 25 - 0.05Y
Y = 375 +0.75Y = > Y = 1500
Ngn sch thu bng thu l 350, chi tiu chnh ph l 200, vy ngn sch thng d 150
Nhp khu t 100, vy thng mi cn bng.
b, khi X= 117.5 => Y = 1570
Im=103.5 => thng d thng mi 14
Mt hng bit c hm cu v sn phamcuar mnh l: P=100-0.01Qd; trong Q l sn
lng tnh bng n v. Hm tng chi ph c hng l:TC=50Q+30000
1.Vit phng trnh biu din tng doanh thu, doanh thu bin, chi ph bin
2.Xc nh sn lng ti u hng c th ti a ha li nhun.
3.Nu hng phi chu thu t=10vtt/n v sn phm th sn lng, gi c l bao nhiu
hng ny c th ti a ha li nhun?
P=100-0.01Qd, TC= 50Q+30000
1. TR= P*Q= 100Q- 0.01Q2
MR= TR'=100- 0.02Q , MC= TC'= 50
2. ti da ha li nhun: pi max<=> MR=MC<=>100-0.02Q= 50=> Q= 2500
3. TC= 50Q+30000+10Q=60Q+30000
Pi max <=>MR=MC<=>60 = 100-0.02Q<=>Q=2000=> P= 80
01doanh nghip c hm s cu :P= 16-Q+24/Q ;
v TC = 43+4Q
a. hy vit hm s chi ph bin, doanh thu, chi ph bin, chi ph bin i, li nhun
b. Hy xc nh sn lng, tng doanh thu, tng li nhun, gi th trng trong cc trng
hp :
+ Khi DN theo ui mc tiu ti a ha li nhun
+Khi DN theo ui mc tiu ti a ha s lng bn vi iu kin khng l
+ Khi DN theo ui mc tiu ti a ha doanh thu khng km theo iu kin rng buc
+ Khi DN theo ui mc tiu tng li nhun =16
+ Khi DN theo ui mc tiu t li nhun nh mc trn chi ph bnh qun 20%
a. chi ph bin : MC = TC'=4
doanh thu TR= P*Q=16Q- Q2+24
chi ph bin i VC= 4Q
li nhun pi = TR-TC=12Q-Q2-19
B. khi DN theo ui mc tiu ti ha li nhun : pi max khi MR=MC
MR = TR'= 16- 2Q=>16-2Q=4=>Q=6, P= 14, TR= 84, TC= 67, pi = 84 -67 = 17
khi DN theo ui mc tiu ti a ha doanh thu : TR m khi MR = 0=>16-2Q = 0=>Q=8, P=11,
TR= 88, TC= 75, pi= 13
khi DN theo uui mc tiu tng li nhun =16=> pi= 16=>12Q- Q2-19=16=>Q2-12Q+35=0=>
Q=7 , Q=5
Khi doanh nghip theo tui mc tiu t l li nhun inh mc trn chi ph bnh qun = 20%=>pi :
AC= 1/5 <=>(12Q-Q2-19)Q/TC= 1/5 <=>(12Q2-Q3-19Q)*5 = 43+4Q
5Q3-60Q2+99Q+43=0
Khi doanh ngip theo uui ti a ha sn lng bn vi iiu kin khng l
pi =0=>12Q -Q2 -19=0
Gi s 1 ngi tiu dng co thu nhp I =60.000 mua hai hng ho X v Y vi gi tng
ng Px = 1.300 v Py= 1.000. Bit hm li ch ca ngi tiu dng l TU (x,y) =X.Y
1, Vit phng trnh ngn sch ngi tiu dng v minh ho trn th?
2, tnh M,MUy v t l thay th cn bin gia hai hng ho ny?
3, ti a ha li ch, ngi tiu dng nn mua baoa nhiu hng ho X v Y? tnh tng
lic ch ti a ? Minh ho ln th?
4, Gi s hai hng ho khng i nhng thu nhp ca ngi tiu dng l 90.000. Hy xc
nh im tiu dng ti u mi ca ngi tiu dng? dng th minh ho?
5, Nu thu nhp ca ngi tiu dng v gi hng ho X khng thay i cn gi hng ho Y
l 3.000 thi im tiu dng ti u mi thay i nh th no? Thit lp biu cu hng ho Y
v minh ho trn th?
pt g ns I=1300X+1000Y=60000 =>Y=60-13/10X
MUx=(TUx)'=Y
MUy=X
MRS=MUx/MUy=Y/X
ti a ha li ch tha mn h sau MUx/Px=MUy/Py V 1300X+1000Y=60000
=>X=300/13
Y=30
TU max=X*Y=300/13*30=900/13
Hm cu bt my ca Cng ty A nh sau:
Qx=1000-200Px+0,1B +0,5A-200Py
Trong :
Qx: l lng bt my sn xut hng thng
Px l gi n v bt my
B: l thu nhp bnh qun ca gii tiu dng bt my
A l ngn sch qung co hng thng ca cng ty
Py: l gi n v ca mc bt my
Gi s cho: Px=5$; B=15000$; A= 5000$ v Py = 10$
a. Hy tnh h s co gin ca cu bt my theo tng bin s ni trn
b. Hy v ng cu ca bt my
c. Hy cho bit iu g s xy ra cho ng cu bt my nu gi mc bt my (Py) tng ln
15$.
Vi bi ny mnh xin a ra li gii nh sau:
u tin bn thay tt c cc s liu trn vo hm cu >>> Q = 2000
a) Tnh h s co gin ca cu bt my:
+) Theo gi n v bt my: EPx = (-200)5/2000 = - 0,5
+) Theo thu nhp bnh qun ca ngi tiu dng: EB = 0,1 * 15000 / 2000 = 0,75
+) Theo chi ph qung co: EA = 0,5 * 5000 / 2000 = 1,25
+) Theo gi mc bt my: EPy = (-200)10/2000 = -1
b) V ng cu ca bt my: ng cu ca bt my ph thuc vo 4 yu t: Gi bn ca bt
my, ngn sch qung co, thu nhp ca ngi tiu dng, gia bn mc bt my. >> mun v c
ng cu ca bt my bn phi v 4 ng cu tng ng vi 4 bin s ni trn, sau "cng
theo chiu ngang" cc ng cu li >> cu ca bt my.
c) co gin ca cu theo gi mc bt my EPy = 1 >> Vic tng hay gim gi mc bt my
khng lm nh hng ti tng doanh thu >>> vic gi mc tng ln 15$ khng gy nh hng ti
ng cu ca doanh nghip .