Structure

Electronic Paper's Structure

Electronic paper displays in full color by piling 3 liquid crystal layers (blue, green, red). Drivers are attached around the liquid crystal sheets. By changing the driver positions by each liquid crystal sheet. we minimized overlaps and realized thickness close to paper.

Cross-section Diagram
In addition to the blue, red, green liquid crystal layers, you can find transparent films, transparent electrodes, electrodes, sealants, and light absorbing layer when looking at the cross-section of electronic paper.

Principle
Because Cholesteric Liquid Crystal is used, electronic paper has the characteristics like thin, light, bright, and memory function.

Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Material

Cholesteric Liquid Crystal only reflects light with certain wavelengths. When the light from sources such as the sun and light bulbs enter the liquid crystal, it displays in full color by reflecting light with the specific wavelengths of red, green, and blue. Resultant color of red/green/blue mixture is determined by additive color mixture principle. When only red is reflected, it will appear red. When red and green are reflected, it will appear yellow. When all colors are reflected, it will appear white. When none are reflected, it will appear black.

How does the display work?

By applying electric power to transparent electrodes of each liquid crystal layer, liquid crystal molecules change directions, allowing the display to switch between reflect and not reflect. More in Detail (1)- Liquid crystal molecules are formed in a spiral like structure. Normally, they are lined up vertically. (2)- By applying low voltage to the portion that the light needs to pass through, spiral shaped molecules turn horizontal. The horizontal position will be stable even after the voltage is turned off. (3)- To the portion that the light has to be reflected, higher voltage is applied, making the spiral shaped molecules stretch. When the voltage is turned off, the molecules kickback,

making the spirals vertical and stable. (Returns to the state in (1) )