Insulin

Physiology ( basic principles )

Insulin
- is a hormone, produced by the pancreas, which is central to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body. Insulin causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen in the liver and muscle

Glucose

Carbohydrates metabolism

storage (60% liver, 15% musculs

MUSCULS moderate activation of enzymes. More glucose for utilization less for storage

LIVER GLU GLU-Ph glycogen

Activation glucokinase and glycogensynthetase

MEAL

NO MEAL

Insulin

Insulin

Glucose glycogen

Glycogen

Glucose

( important for brain)

FAT METABOLISM
DIRECT INDIRECT

Decrease rate of fatty acids release from tissues (depression of hormone sensitive lipase by insulin and preventing hydrolase of triglycerides )

Insulin-indused changes in carbohydrate metabolism; transport glucose in fat cells, synthesis of fatty acids glycerol ( triglycerides )

FAT METABOLISM WITHOUT INSULIN

Fatty

acids move to the blood Liver resorbs fatty acid from blood fatty liver Acetoacetic acid ( product of fats metabolism ) can causes acidosis

GROWTH AND PROTEIN METABOLISM

Growth hormone doesnt give significant amount of growth without insulin. Increases the synthesis of protein by promoting the active transport of some amino acids. Increases amount of the functioning ribosomes Increasing of the DNA-RNA system