l-Xp hnZm-Cs ktiw

tUm. ss^k lpZhn amcn-bmSv

Ccp-]-naqp hjs {]hmNIXz ZuXy-\nh-l-W-n-\n-S-bn apl-Zv \_n(kz) \nhln-Xv BsI Hscm lm-Wv. lv Iaw \n_--am--s--Xns cmw hj-n-em-bncpphXv. AY-hm, lnPvd 10-mw hjw. {]hm-N-IcpsS BZy-tXpw Ah-km-\-t-Xp-am-bn-cp
B lmWv Ncn-{X-n l-Xp hnZm F-dn-b-s-SpXv. AYhm hnS-]-d-b-ens lv.
{]kvXpX ln Xncp-ta\n (k)bpsS Ne-\--\n--em-h--I hfsc IrXyhpw hyhpambn lZo-kn-sbpw Ncn-{X-n-sbpw {K--fn tcJ-s-Sp--s-n-cn-p-p. Ccw tcJIsf Ckvem-anI Ia-im-kv{X ]fin-X-m hfsc Bg-n ]cn-tim-[n-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-p-v.
Fm, Ncn-{X-]-chpw kaq-l-im-kv{X-]-c-hp-ambn C\nbpw Gsd ]T-\-fpw hni-I-e\fpw
tXSn-sIm-n-cnp Hcp hnj-b-amWv lXp hnZm. a\p-jym-h-Im-iw, kmaq-lnI \oXn, aX-Pohn-Xw, hyn kzmX-{yw, cmjv{Sob Zi-\w, XpSn \nc-h[n taJ-eIfn \Sp sImn-cnp ]T-\--fn l-Xp hnZm hnjbo`hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-pv FXv ChnsS {]kvXm-hyhp-am-Wv.
l-Xp hnZmCs\ tIh-e-samcp A\p-jvTm\ Iaw F Xe-n \np amn, ]pXpXmbn \Sp sImn-cn-p Ccw A\z-j-W--fpsS ]m-X-e-n Hcp hni-I-e-\-am-WnhnsS DtZy-in-p--Xv. AY-hm, Xncp-ta-\n- (k)bpsS B Hscm lv am\h cminp \Ip
]mT- Fs-m-amWv F-Xm-Wn-hnsS ]cn-tim-[-\-s-Sp-p hnj-bw. Fm, {]kvXpX
ln \_n (k) \S-nb Ncn{X {]kw-Kfnse Nne `mK- am{X-ta ChnsS ]cn-K-Wnm km[n-n-p-p-sh-Xv Cu Hcp sNdp {]_--ns Hcp ]cn-an-Xn-bm-Wv Fv BZyta
DW-s.

lXp hnZm
l-Xp hnZm Hcp lv am{X-am-bn-cp-n-. AsXmcp kam]\ kt-f-\-am-bn-cp-p. Xs
kw`h _lp-e-amb Pohn-X-n-\n-S-v, ]hm-N-I (k) A`n-kw-t_m-[\w sNbvX Ghpw henb
P-\-k-b kwK-ahp-w AXp Xsbmbn-cp-p. F--ns Imcy-n A`n-{]mb hyXymk-fps-nepw GXmv Ht Im ew P\- Ckvemanse cm-atXp IqSn-bm-bn-cp
{]kvXpX ln\p kw_-n-n-cp-p-sshmWv IWm--s-Sp--Xv. Hcp ]t, Ckvem-anse
BZys ln\p t\XrXzw \Im lkvdXv A_q-_Iv (d) hns\ G]np {]hm-N-I
Xncp-ta\n (kz) Hcp hjhpw IqSn Imn-cp-Xv C-c-samcp alm kwK-a-n\p thnbp
Xm-sd-Sp-n\p Xs-bm-bn-cn-Ww. Ckvem-anI ktiw Fn-bn-cp-n-S--fn-sem-sbpw {]hmN-I-cpsS lns\ Ipdn hnti-j- Ft-n-bn-cp-p. Ah IrXy-ambn Fp-Ibpw
sNbvXpshmWv l-Xp hnZm-C ]s-Sp hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Fw kqNn-n-p--Xv. ZpJAvZ 26-\p a-bn-tep Xncn \_n Xncpta\nsb aZo-\-bn \np A\p-K-an-m GI-tZiw
90,000 t] Fn-bn-cpp. hnim-e-amb Atd_y-bpsS ap {]tZ-i--fn \npw ln-s\-n-bh GXmv 30,000 hcp-sapw tcJ-s-Sp--s-n-p-v.
C\n-sbmcp lnt\m CXp t]msemcp kwK-a-nt\m Xm _mn-bp-m-bn-cn-p-I-bn-sp
\_n Xncp-ta-\np hnhcw e`n-n-cn--Ww. l-Xp hnZm-C XSnp IqSnb P\-v \_n
Xncp-ta\n \In-bXv acWw apn ImWp--bm ASp _p-pw apw \Ip-Xp
t]mep-smcp hkn--Xm-bn-cp-p. ImcWw Xm {]t_m[\w sNbvXn-cp Bi-bm-Zi--fpsS
\ne-\np Dd-p-h-cp--W-am-bn-cp Ahv. Xs hnfn-p-cw \In ey-t_m-[-ap-smcp
kaq-l-kr-jvSnp Xm-dmb Xs kl-Im-cn-I-tfmSpw A\p-Nc hr-tmSpw Ah-km-\-ambn Hp
1

bm{X-]-d-b-W-am-bn-cp-p.
AsX, l-Xp hnZm, Hcp hnS-]-d-n-em-bn-cp-p. Ia-\n-c-X-amb Xs `uXnI PohnXw Ahkm\n-p-I-bm-sWp Xs A\p-bmbn hrs Adn-bnp ]mc-{Xn-I-tem-I-t-p hnS-hm--embn-cp-p-h-Xv. AY-hm, ]hm-N-IXz ZuXy-]qo-I-c-W-ns hnfw-_-c-s-Sp--em-bn-cp-p lXp hnZm. am\h cminp Xm \Im DtZy-in aqey-kw-ln-X-I-fpsS, [a-\n-jvT-am-sbmcp
kmaq-lnI PohnX hyh--bpsS ]cn-]qo-I-c-W-ns {]Jym-]-\-am-bn-cp-p-h-Xv. asm-cYn, tZi--`m-jm--hK--hW hyXym-k--fn-msX a\p-jysc Fm-h-scbpw ssZh \oXnp
apn Xpey-cmbn hn`m-h\w sNp kmh-Im-en-Ihpw kmh P\o-\-hp-am-sbmcp `cW-L-S-\bpsS {]Jym]\-amWv l-Xp hnZm-Cse {]kw-K-n-eqsS \_n Xncp-ta\n \nh-ln--Xv.
lv thf-bn Hn-e-[nIw XhW \_n Xncp-ta\n P\-sf A`n-kw-t_m-[\w sNbvXn-pm-bn-cp-p-shv tcJ-s-Sp--s-n-p-v. Fm, Zqln H-Xn\v cmhnse an\m-bn \npw
Ad-^-bn-tep ]pd-s {]hm-N-I A-hnsS shp \S-nb {]kw-K-amWv Ch-bn Ghpw kp{][m-\hpw hnS-hm- {]kw-K-sa t]cn Ncn-{X-n ASbm-f-s-Sp--s-p-In-S-p--Xpw.
H
m! P\-tf, Fp -A-`n-kw-t_m-[\w sNbvXp XpS-nb B {]kw-K-nse {][m\ `mK Cs\ kw{K-lnmw:
Rm ]d-bp-Xv \n kkqvaw {ihn-p-I. Hcp ]t, Cu hj-n\p tijw
Rm \nsf In-sp ht-mw. AXp-sImv {im-]qhw Rm ]d-bp-Xv tIpIbpw ChnsS kn-ln-X-cm-b-h Ak-n-ln-Xv Fnp sImSp-p-Ibpw sN-Ww.
\n-fpsS Cu Znh-k-hpw Cu amk-hpw Cu ]-Whpw GXp {]Imcw ]hn-{X-am--s-pthm
AXp t]mse Hmtcm hnizm-kn-bp-sSbpw Poh\pw kzpw ]hn-{X-ambn \n KWn--Ww. hnizkvX-ambn \nsf G]n--s hkvXp- AXns Ah-Im-in-I-fmb DS-a-Iv Xncn-t]np-X
- n \n hogvN hcp-c
- p-Xv. \n- Bscbpw _pn-ap-n-c
- p-Xv, Fn, Hcmfpw \np
Hcp _pn-ap-pw hcp-pIbn.
HmpI \n- Xo-bmbpw \n-fpsS \mYs\ Ipapp-Ibpw Ah \n-fpsS
{]hrnIfpsS IWp t_m[n-n-p-Ibpw sNpw.
]eni Amlp \njn--am-n-bn-cn-p-p. Bb-Xn-\m, ]en-i-bp-ambn _-s Fsnepw _m[y-X-I Bs-n-ep-ap-s-n Ah ]cn-Xy-Pn--p-sIm-s. \n Bcnepw AkaXzw ASn-t]n--cp-Xv. \n Bcn \npw hnth-N-\tam Ak-a-Xztam A\p-`-hn-p-Ibpw
sN-cpXv. C\n Hcn-epw ]eni \ne-\n-cp-sXmWvv Amlphns Iev]-\. XpS--am-bn,
Amkp_v\p A_vZn apXz-en_ns IS-mp apgp-h ]enibpw Hgn-hms-Xmbn
Rm\dnbnpsImpp.
Hm! P\--tf, kv{XoI-fpsS Imcy-n \n Am-lp-hns\ t]Sn-p-I. Amlphns\
ap\nn-bmWv \n Ahsc kzoI-cn-n-cn-p--Xv. Am-lp-hns Iev]\ {]Im-c-amWv
\nv Ahsc A\p-h-Z-\o-b-amb CW-I-fm--s-n-cn-p--Xv. \nv Ah-cptSm D-chm-Znw t]mse Ahpw \n-tfmSp D-c-hm-Zn---fp-v. \n-fpsS InS--d-I-fpsS NmcnXmXyw Imt DchmZn-hpw IqSn-bp--hv. -]-hn-{X-amb \n-fpsS ZmXy _w
]men--s-Sp Ime-tmfw `mcy-am-tcmSv kvt\l-tm-sSbpw Icp-W-tbm-sSbpw s]cp-am-td
D-c-hm-Zn--apv \nv. am\y-amb coXn-bn `Whpw hkv{Xhpw e`n-p-Xn\pw `mcyp
Ah-Im-ia
- p-v.
Hm! P\--tf, Rm ]d-bp-Xv \n ]pW{i-tbmsS {ihn-pI: \n Am-lphn\p am{Xw Bcm-[n-p-I Znt\\ Av t\cw \a-kvI-cn-p-Ibpw da-Zm amkw t\m-\p-jvTnp-Ibpw sNp-I. \n-fpsS kn\v kImXv \Ip-Ibpw km[npsa-n lv \nh-lnp-I-bpw sNp-I.
a\p-jy-scmhcpw BZan (A) \npw lbn \npw krjvSn--s--h-cm-Wv. Hcp Ad_nv A\-d-_n-tb-m-tfm, A\-d-_nv Ad-_n-tb-mtfm bmsXcp Hu-Xyhpw C. AXp t]mse,
Idp-h
- t- \-m shfp-h
- t- \m, shfp-h
- t- \-m Idp-h
- t\m bmsXmcp m\-hp-an-. Bsnepw at-tc-mfpw h Hu-Xy-hp-ap-s-n AXv ssZh-`nbpsSbpw k{]-hr-n-bp-sSbpw
2

ASn-m-\-n-em-Wv.
Adn-bp-I, Hmtcm apkvenapw asmcp apkven-ans ktlm-Z-c-\m-Wv. Fm, XmXv]-cy-]qhw
kuP-\y-ambn -\IpXm--sXmpw Hcp apkvenan\v asmcp apkven-ans kzn \nv
A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-.
Jp-B A\p-k-cnp `cn-p Ime-tmfw \n-fpsS `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Isf \n A\pk-cn--Ww, Idp-hKm-c-\mWp \nfpsS `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-sb-nepw.
\n \ns-Xnsc Xs A\oXn ImWn--cp-Xv. \n-sf-m-hcpw Hcp \m Am-lphns\ Ip-ap-pI Xs sNpsapw Av \n-fpsS sNbvXn-I-smw adp-]-Sn-]-d-sb-n-h-cpsapw Hmp-I. AXp-sIm-v, \n AXoh Pm{KXbp-h-cm-h-Ww. Fs tijw Bcpw
Xs Cu kXy amK-n \np hgnsXn k-cn--cpXv
Fs tijw C\n Hcp {]hm-NI hcm-\n-. ]pXnb Hcp hnizm-k Zi\hpw C\n Ah-Xcn-m-\n-. Bb-Xn-\m, P\--tf, Rm ]d-bp-Xv {in-pIbpw Fs hmp-I a\-n-emp-Ibpw sNbvXp-sImI. Rm\nXm \nv cv Imcy- Dt]-n-p-t]m-hpp: hnip
Jq-B\pw Fs PohnX amXr-I-bpw. CXp cpw \n ]n]-p Ime-tmfw \nv
amK-{`wiw kw`-hn-p-I-bn-.
Fs {ihn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-h
- Fs hmp-I ap-h
- c
- n-tepw, Ah ap-h
- c
- t- epw
Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p-sIm--s, Hcp ]t, Fs tIm--h, t\cnp tIp-sIm-ncnp--htc-m Fs hmp-I IqSpX a\-n-em-p--h-cm-tbmw.
\mYm, \o kmn-bm-hpI; Rm\nXm \o G]n kt-i- \ns P\-v Fn-psIm-Sp-n-cn-p-p.
Hm! P\--tf, \n ]d-bpI Am-lp-hns ktiw Rm \nv Fnp Xntbm?.
AhnsS XSnp IqSn-bn-cp P\- H-Sw {]Xn-h-Nnp: Am-lp \Aw - AsX- Hcp
CSn- \mZw t]mse B [z\n Ad^m ]h-X-ns Xmgvhm-c-n-eqsS Nppw apgw sImp.
tijw, Nqp-hn-c-ep-bn {]hm-N-I Bhnp: Am-lv, \o kmn-\npI: \ns
P\-v \ns ktiw Rms\-np Ign-n-cn-p-p.

hnS-hm- {]kw-K-nse kt-i-

{]hm-N-I-cpsS hnS-hm- {]kwKns, A{Xp IrXy-a-s-nepw, Hcp -t\ hnh-\amWp apI-fn sImSp-n-cn-p--Xv. {]kw-K-nse Hmtcm hmIyhpw kzbw hni-Zo-I-cn-p Xcn-em-Wv hfsc hyhpw kmc kqW-hp-amb ]Z-{]-tbm-K-. hyn, kaq-lw, IpSpw-_w,
hnizm-kw, aXm-\p-jvTm-\w, cmjv{So-bw, km-n-Iw, \oXn-\ym-bw, XpSn Cu {]kw-K-n
\_n Xncp-ta\n kv]inm hnj-b--fn.
AsX, Ckvemw kqW-am--s-n-cn-ppshp hnfw-_-c-s-Sp--em-bn-cp-p-htm lXp hnZm-Cse {]kw-Kw. a\p-jy\p Pohn-m-\m-h-iy-amb amK-tc-J-I-fm-bmWv ]cn-ip JpB
Ah-Xc
- n-p-sIm-n-cp-X
- v. Jp-B\
- ns {]kvXpX PohnXamXrI Ah-Xc
- n-n-p-Ib
- m-bn-cpp Ign
Ccp-]
- n-app hjmew {]hm-NI
- sNbvXp-sIm-n-cp-X
- v. C\n Hcp {]hm-NI
- t\m Hcp {Ktam
hcm-\n-m--hn[w B ZuXy-\nh-lWw -Xn-cp-ta\n (k) \nh-ln-n-cn-p-p. ]gp-Xp-I-fn-m-hn[w kqWam-s B PohnX tcJ,v AYhm kmh ImenI{]k--amb `c-W-L-S\bpsS D-Sw Xs-bmWv {]kw-K-ns BZyw apX HSpw hsc ASnhc-bn-S-s-Sp-Xv.
{]kw-K-n D]-tbm-Kn A`n-kw-t_m-[\ coXn Xs hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cp-p. kXy-hn-izmkn-I-tf, As-n, apkvenw-I-tf FXn\p ]I-cw, P\--tf, FmWv {]tbm-Kn-n-cn-p--Xv.
AY-hm, Xm \Im t]mhp k-ti A`n-kw-t_m-[\w sNp-Xv apgp-h am\-h-cm-insb-bp-am-sWp hy-am--s-n-cn-p-p. XpS-p `mK--fn {]Xn-]m-Zn--s Bi-b-sf, thW-sa-n Cs\ kw{K-ln-mw:
1) Poh-\pw kzn-\pap hne
2) aX-{]-t_m-[-\-n-\p _m[yX
3) {]hrn-I-fnepw hyh-lm-c--fnepw Dm-bn-cn-t D-c-hm-Zn--t_m[w
4) ]tcm-]-Imc {]Xn-_-X
5) km-nI NpjWns\-Xn-sc-bp ap-dn-bnv
3

6)-km-aq-lnI kaXz kev]w

7) kv{Xo]p-cpj _-fnse ]hn-{XX
8) Bcm-[-\-mIa--fpsS m\hpw {]m[m\yhpw
9) aXw--a-tX-X-c-sa k]n Akmw-KXyw
10) Ckvem-ans Zi-\-ns kmh Imen-IX
apI-fn sImSp-n-cn-p Hmtcm hnj-b-hn-sbpw hni-Zo-IcWw Cu {]_--ns
]cn-Xnbn HXp-p-X. AXn-\m ka-Im-enI kmaq-lnI PohnX Zi-\--fp-ambn Ch Fs\
kwh-Zn-pp F Hscm tNmZys A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-m-\m-Wn-hnsS DtZyin-p--Xv. AYhm {]hmN-IcpsS hnS-hm- {]kwKw ka-Im-enI {]Xyb imkv{X- A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-p Bib {]Xnk-n-I-fpsS ]m-X-e-n Fs\ t\mn-mWmw?
1-. knm-hpw {]tbm-Khpw
v\_n- Xncp-ta\nbpsS hnS-hm- {]kw-Kns ka-bhpw k`hpw Xs AXp hn`m-h\w
sNp Bib kwln-X-I-fpsS {]k-nbpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-Xbpw hnfn-tm-Xp--Xm-Wv. AY-hm,
\o Ccp]-n-aqp kwh--c-mew a\pjy PohnXnse kzIm-cs]mXp aWvUe--fnse
qehpw aq-hp-amb Hmtcm k`pw PohnX amXrII krjvSn-p-Ibpw Acw
amXr-IIfntev Atd-_y P\-Xsb hgn-\-S-p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xn\p tij-amWv {]hm-N-I Xs
{]Jym-]\w \S-n-bn-cn-p--Xv. asm-cY-n, Xm {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNbvXn-cp PohnX
Zi\nse B[mc ine-I-fmb aqey k]--fn-tem-tcm-pw hyn-I-fn kn-th-in-np
Xm hn`m-h\w sNbvXn-cp kaqlkrjvSn km[y-am-n-b-Xn\p tij-amWv Xncp-ta\n (k) CkvemanI kmaqly hyhbpsS ]qo-I-cWw Adn-bn-n-cn-p--Xv. AXp-sIm-p-X-s, Ad^mbn
apg-n-t Am-lp \Aw Ckvem-aInI kmaq-lnI hyh--bnse knm-fpw {]tbmKhpw Xn-ep Xpe-\m-h-sb kmy-s-Sp--em-Ip-p-shp ImWm {]bm-k-an-. AY-hm,
CXc {]Xyb imkv{X m]-I sNp--Xp-t]m-se, kaq-ls kw_-n -kn-m--
Ah-X-cn-np kz]v\-temIw ]Wn-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-n {]hm-N-I. hn`m-h-\-Ifpw bmYmYy-fpw
Xn A-c--fn-m--hn[w Hcp kaq-ls krjvSnv temI-n\p th knm--v
shfnw ImWn-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p.
2. hynbpw kaq-lhpw
ka-Im-enI kmaq-lnI Zi-\- A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-p asmcp {]iv\m-[n-jvTnX hnj-b-amWv
hynbpw kaq-l-hp-w Xn-ep _w. _K-, \osj t]mep sskm-n-I aptm-psh hynhmZhpw Iayq-Wn-khpw ^mjn-k-hp-sams {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNp kmap-ly-hm-Z-nsbpw CSv Bi-b-p-g--n-em-bn-cpp Ipsd-Im-e-ambn ]mm-Xy kaq-lw. Cpw Cu {]tlfnI thXpt]mse ssIImcyw sNm B[p-\nI Zi-\--fmbn Ah-X-cn-n--s-Sp knm-v C\n-bpam-bn-n-.
hynHuXy hmZ-n-eqn \ne-hn h apX-em-fn--hy-h-bpw -hy-n-I P\n-p-ho-gp
kmaq-lnI kml-N-cy--fmWv Hcm-fpsS hyn-Xzhpw PohnXt_m[hpw cq]-s-Sp-p--sXpw
AXn-\m hyn-tb-m kaq-l-n-\mWp {]m[m-\y-sap knm-n Iayq-Wn-khpw krjvSnp-sIm-n-cn-p kmaqlnI cmjv{Sob {]Xn-k-n-I-fn \nmWv BtKmf Xe-n a\pjy
kaqlw t\cn-Sp {]iv\-fpw \ne-hn-ep Akz-XIfpw P\n-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv. C-csamcp {]Xn-k-np ]cnlmc-amWv {]hm-N-cpsS l-Xp hnZm {]kw-K-nse {]k--amb
asmcp Bib Xew. Hmtcm hynbpsSbpw kzn\pw Poh\pw th hne-I]n-p-I-bpw,
kzw Ne-\--\n--e-\m-h--I-fn D-c-hm-Zn--t_m-[aph-cm-nbpw hyn-Xz-n\p ]c-amh[n {]m[m\yw \I-s-n-cn-p-p. Hmtcm hynbpw Am-lp-hns\ Ip-ap-p--h\pw sNbvXpt]mb {]hr-n-I-fpsS IWp t_m[n-n--s-Sp--h-\p-am-Ip-p-sh-Xv Cu Bi-bn\p ASnhcbnSp-Ibpw sNp-p. Fm kmaq-lnI \sb _en-I-gnp kzmY Xm]-cy- t\Sm\p hyn-bpsS ImgvN-m-Sv \ncmI-cn--s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p. hnizm-kn-I ]c-kv]cw
ktlmZc--fm-Wv, ap--h\p {]bmkapm-p Hcp Imcyhpw hnizm-kn-I-fn \np kw`-hnp
IqSm, hniz-kn-t]n kzp- Xncn-t]n-p-I, kXy-hn-izm-k-ns Zi\-fpw Bi4

b-kw-ln-X-Ifpw tI-h tIm--hv Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p-sIm-n-cn--Ww XpS-nb ]cmai--fn-eqsSbpw {]hm-N-I hy-am-p hnj-bhpw kmaq-lnI t_m[-ns {]m[m-\y-amWv. Am-lp-hn-t\m-Sp IS-m-Sp-I t]mse-Xs {][m-\-amWv kl-Po-hn-I-tfm-Sp IS-m-SpIsfp {]hm-N-I ]Tn-n-n-p-v. AY-hm, hyn kzmX-yhpw kmaq-lnI _m[y-X-Ifpw Xnep Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb _- m]n-mWv Ah-n-S-bn {]Xy-y-n tXmp kwL-\-sf \ncY-I-am-m {]hm-N-I Xncn-ta\n (k)-P-\-sf ]cnio-enn-Xv.
3. aXhpw atX-X-chpw
{]hm-N-IcpsS (k) hnS-hm- {]kw-Ks sam-n ]cn-K-Wn-p-tm sXfn-p-h-cp
asmcp kt-i-amWv aXhpw atX-X-chpw Fp hn`-Pn--s-Sp Xe- Xn-ep _w.
kmaq-ln-Ihpw km-n-Ihpw cmjv{So-b-hp-amb Imcy-- {]Xn-]m-Zn-p Iq-n AXp-t]msemcp Imcy-am-bmWv Bcm-[-\m-Ia-sf Xncp-ta\n (k) Ah-X-cn-n-n-cn-p--Xv. AY-hm, CkvemanI ZrjvSym Bcm-[\m Ia- t]mseXs {][m-\-amWv cmjv{So-bhpw km-n-I-hp-amb
CS-]m-Sp-I. F-, Acw hyh-lm-c--sfm-sbpw Bc-[\m F Bi-b-km-I-ey-n hcp-Xp-am-sWmWv Ckvem-anI hn`m-h\. AYhm Imcy-sf aX-]-c-sapw atX-X-c-sapw Xcw
Xncn-p-Xv {]hmNI \ncm-I-cn-n-cn-p-p. am{X-hp-a-, `uXnIw BflnIIhpamb temI-
hncp---f adnp XpS-I-fm-sWpw Xncp-ta\n Hcn- IqSn Ad-^-bn shv am\h cminsb
Hma-s-Sp-p-p. atX-X-c-sap thXncn--s-Sp Imcy--fn aX-t_m-[hpw aqey-Nn--I-fp-apm-hp-tmtg kmaq-lnI \oXn m]n-m-\mhq FpamWv C{Xbpw Imew {]hm-N-I hmp-Ifn-ep-sSbpw PohnXn-eq-sSbpw ImWnpsIm-n-cp-Xv Fpw Hcn- IqSn l-Xp hnZmC hnfw-_cw \S--s-Sp-I-bp-m-bn. s]mXp aWvU-e--fn \np aXs amn \nn atXX-c-h-XvI-cn-m \S-n-sIm-n-cn-p--Xns kmaq-lnI Zpc---fmWv an ka-Im-enI {]iv\-fp-sSbpw apJy ImcWw Fv Is-m-\m-hpw. Ccw {ia--fpsS ^e-ambn kw`-hn-Xv
tIhe `uXnI hmZhpnsbpw AYhm kpJ-t`m-K-k-Zm-Nm-c- im-kv{Xnsbpw hf-bm-bn-cpphtm. Ch hyn-Ipw cmjv{S-p-an-S-bnse A]-I-S-I-c-amb am-cypw tZipw hwi-p-an-S-bnse hn\m-i-I-c-amb sshcpw F-s\-sbms hgn-sh-npv
Fv ka-Im-enI temI-n\v \mbn Adn-bp--Xm-Wv.
4. a\p-jym-h-Im-i-fpw enwK ka-Xzhpw
{]hmNI (k) Xs Ah-km\ {]kw-K-nepw Dund-bm {ian kp{]-[m-\-amb Imcy-amWv
kmaq-lnI kaXzw. ssZh-ns aqn a\p-jy-sc-m-hcpw Xpey-cm-sWpw tZi-`- m-jm-h
- KhWkXz-v Ckvem-anI ZrjvSym bmsXmcp ]cn-K-W-\-bp-an-spw hfsc hy-ambn {]Jym-]n-ncn-p-p. am{X-hp-a-, apI-fn ]d-Xp {]Im-c-ap kzIm-cy-X-Ip hyn-Iv Ah-Im-i-apspw -H-cmfpw asm-cm-fpsS Ah-Im-is l\n--cp-sXpw {]hm-N-I Ah-km-\-ambn Hcn IqSn am\-h-cm-in-tbmSv Bh-iy-s-Spp. a\p-jym-h-Im-i-fpsS C{Xbpw hyhpw ka-{K-hpamb {]Jym-]-\-w temI-N-cn-{X-n BZy-ambncpp.
B[p\nI kmaq-lnI Zi-\- A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-p asmcp koW hnj-b-amWv kv{XoIfpsS
Ah-Im-i--sfbpw enwK ka-Xz-sbpw kw_-n Btem-N-\-I. ChnsS ]e-tmgpw {]hm-NI-cpsS kv{Xo-]p-cpj k]-fpw Ah-Im-i--fnse hyXym-k-fpw ]epw Cpw DsImm-\m-bn-n. bYmY-n kv{XoIv Pohn-m t]mep-ap Ah-Imiw \ntj[n-n-cp Hcp
kaq-l
- n\p apn \nmWv ]pcp-j
- mp Ah-Im-i
- s
- fm-sbpw kv{XoIp-apv Fp
\_n Xncp-ta\n ]d-Xp FXp t]mepw Xa-kvI-cn--s-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. enwK ka-Xz-sa
{]iv\s F{X {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-bmWv {]hm-N-I ssIImcyw sNbvXXp shp ]cn-tim-[n-msXbmWv ]e hnai-\--fp-sap ImWm {]bm-k-an-. Fm, {]hm-N-I Ah-X-cn-n kmaqlnI Zi-\w, B[p-\nI ]mm-Xy Nn-I aptmp shp kaXz k]--fn \n
]pcp-js
- \bpw kv{Xosbbpw t\mnImWpXv Fv Xncn-d
- n-bs
- -tS-X
- p-apv. Ckvem-anI ZrjvSym,
kv{Xobp-sSbpw ]pcp-j-sbpw kmaq-lnI `mK-tZbw ]mc-kv]-cy-n-sXm-Wv, am-cy-n-t-X-.
Ckvem-ans ASn-kvYm\ A\p-jvTm\ Imcy- \nh-ln-p--Xntem kzw {]hr-n-I-fpsS
D-c-hm-Zn-Xz--fntem kv{Xobpw ]pcp-j\pw Xn bmsXmcp hyXym-k-hp-an-. Fm, `uXnI
5

]cn-K-W-\-I-fm, AY-hm, ssPhn-I-hpw a\x-im-kv{X]-c-hpamb ]ucp-j-nsbpw kvss{XW-Xbp-sSbpw apgp-h in-Ifpw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp--s-Sm-hp coXn-bnembncn-Ww kmaq-lnI Dc-hm-Zn-- hn`-Pn--s-tS--sXpw {]hm-N-I A\p-im-kn-p-p. ]pcp-j IpSpw-_-ns
kpc-n-X-Xzhpw km-nImhiy-fpw \nd-th-p-tm kv{Xo IpSpw-_ns B`y-c-Imcyfpw Ipn-I-fpsS kwc--Whpw ]cn-]m-e-\hpw \S-t--h-fm-Wv. ChnsS ]pcp-js D-chm-Zn-- kv{XoI-fp-tS-Xn-t\-m DbtXm As-n kv{XoI-fpsS kmaq-lnI _m[y-XI ]pcp-j-m-cp-tS-Xn-t\-m Xcw XmgvtXm Bbn ImWm Ckvemw A\p-h-Zn-p-n-. adnv
Hv asm-ns ]cn-]qo-I-c-W-am-hp-p. kam-[m\ ]qWhpw kulmZ-]-c-hp-amb kmaq-lnI
\ne-\n]n\mWv sshb-n-Ia
- mb XmXv]c
- y-t- f-m apK-W\ \I-s-tS-s
- Xpw kpw
A[n-Im-chpw kmaq-lnI D-c-hm-Znfm-sW-p-amWv Ckvemw ]Tn-n-p--Xv. AXn-\m- ]pcpj-m hln-p kmaqlnI m\-fpw \nln-p D-c-hm-Zn--fpw kvXoIfpw Gs-Sp-W-sa hmZw Ckvemw AwKo-I-cn-p-n. [man-I-Xbpw am\-hnI aqey-fpw hcpw Xe-ap-dbn hfm-\p-X-Ip kmaq-lnI ]c-kvYnXn \IpXm-bn-cn-Ww IpSpw-_-samWv {]hm-NI kan kmaq-lnI Zi-\-ns ImgvN-m-Sv. AXp km[y-am-h-W-sa-n ssewKn-I-Xbpw
kv{Xo]p-cpj _hpw ]hn-{X-ambn kwc-n--st Xocq. AXp-sIm-mWv Xs Ah-km\
{]kw-K-nepw kv{XobpsS Ah-Im-i-sf Ipdnpw ]pcp-j\pw kv{Xobpw ]c-kv]cw am\n-t
D-c-hm-Zn---fpw Ah-Im-i-sf kw_-np Hma-s-Sp-m {]hm-N-I ad-mXn-cp--Xv.