Soil Dynamic Properties

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Contents:
INTRODUCTION
IMPORTANCE & USES OF DYNAMIC PROPERTIES
LAB TESTS FOR DYNAMIC PROPERTIES
FIELD TESTS FOR DYNAMIC PROPERTIES
REFERENCES
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INTRODUCTION
SOIL DYNAMICS:
Soil dynamics is the branch of soil mechanics that deals with the behavior of soil under dynamic load, including the analysis and the stability of earth-supported and earth retaining structures.
Soil Dynamic Properties: Properties (Behavior) of Soil under dynamic loading. Most commonly, these properties include Shear wave velocities Vs, Shear Modulus G, Damping D and Poisons Ratio .
IMPORTANCE OF DYNAMIC SOIL PROPERTIES

Earthquake, ground vibration, and wave propagation through soils Dynamic stress, deformation, and strength properties of soils Dynamic earth pressure problem Dynamic bearing capacity problems and design of shallow foundations Problems related to soil liquefaction Design of foundations for machinery and vibrating equipment Design of embedded foundations and piles under dynamic loads Stability of embankments under earthquake loading
1. Shear Wave Velocity, Vs

For Soil Characterization As Particle motion is perpendicular to the wave motion, so it can be used for determining shear properties of soil skeleton.
2. Shear Modulus, G
Used for defining stiffness matrices in FEM of Earth structures and foundation soils
3. Damping Ratio, D Ability of System to absorb dynamic energy Controls the duration and mode of Vibration
i. Laboratory tests and results

ii. Field tests and measurements
iii. Empirical correlations for the shear modulus and damping ratio
Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio are obtained from field and lab test and are the most important parameters for design work.
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1) For Saturated Clays:

Unconsolidated - Undrained Trixial Tests Cu = Undrained Shear Strength
() =
; = 1 3
For Strain of 42% to 50%
For Strain of 0.5% or less
() = ()
For most of the practical cases

() () Free Powerpoint Templates
1.5
(Carroll 1963)
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bad
Fig. Typical Triaxial Test Apparatus Free Powerpoint Templates
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SHEAR STRENGHT UNDER RAPID LOADING (Contd)
2) For Sands:
Vacuum Triaxial tests on dry sands Compressive Strength, = 1 3
Whereas, 1 = Effective Major Principal stress at failure
3 = Effective Minor Principal stress
Drained soil friction angle, =
1 3 1 +3
Similarly, for Dynamic Friction Angle,
=
Transient Load is defined as Short timed, sudden change of Load. Typical example is Blast Loading.
tL = Loading Time tD = Decay time () = . . ()
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UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGHT OF A CLAY FOR VARYING TIME OF LOADING Free Powerpoint Templates Page 13
For determining Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio of Soil

Damping Ratio = Decay of Oscillations after disturbance = C/Cc
Where, C = Damping Coefficient Cc = Critical Damping Coefficient
Sample Size: h = 20-30mm, d = 60-80mm Sample under Vertical Effective Stress, and Cyclic Shear Stress,
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Cyclic Simple Shear Test (Contd)
G=
. . ; . .
D=
. ( ) &
Go Back
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Cyclic Simple Shear Test (Contd)
and and
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Used to determine Modulus of Elasticity E & Damping Ratio D

Confining Pressure 3 and Axial Cyclic Stress is applied
Strain-Controlled Test
(Servo-System is used)
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Cyclic Triaxial Test (Contd)
To calculate Shear Modulus, G

= ( + )
= Damping Ratio, D
&
(Same as that of Cyclic Simple Shear Test)
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Resonant Column Test
Cyclic Torsional Simple Shear Test

Summary
And or
And Or For
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For Calculating Spring Constant K & Shear Modulus G

Trench is excavated at the depth of 0.75m (depth of foundation). Steel plate 25mm thick and 762mm diameter Loading is done at the rate of 25% increment until negligible settlement rate (0.25mm/hour) Plate is unloaded in short time but gradually. Rebound of soil is noted and plate is again loaded to the next increment.
Preparation
Unloading
Loading
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Cyclic Plate Load Test (Contd)
For Cohesive Soils
= (
= (
)
)
For Cohesion less Soils
+ 2
Wf = Foundation width Wp = Plate Width ( ) = .

= , = . , Free Powerpoint Templates =
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Used for: Wave Propagation Velocities Thickness of soil layers
Suitable for General Site Investigation for soil dynamics
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Best method for low strain shear wave velocity At least Two bore holes required
Seismic Energy (S-waves) generated from bottom of bore hole
Time to travel to another hole is calculated
Velocity is calculated from time and used to determine Shear Modulus G.
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Cross-hole Technique (Contd.)
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Similar to Cross-Hole Technique Require only one borehole
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Recently Developed Technique Combination of Down-hole technique with standard CPT Less expensive than other seismic techniques Seismic Receiver is attached to the cone
Penetration is paused temporarily
Shear force is induced at surface with drop hammer. Rest of the process is like Down hole technique
Shear Wave Velocity Vs is calculated by dividing the difference in travel paths b/w two depth by time diff. of two signals recorded. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 28
Seismic CPT (Contd.)
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REFERENCES
Determination of dynamic soil properties using geophysical methods by Ronaldo Luna and Houda Jadi
Soil Dynamics, Braja M. Das

In situ determination of dynamic soil properties, Jaehun Ahn
Seismic Cone Analysis using digital signal processing, R G Campanella & W. P. Stewert Unified Facilities Criteria (ufc), Soil Mechanics: Department of Defense, USA
Soil Dynamic, Shamsher Prakash

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Soil Dynamic Properties

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IMPORTANCE & USES OF DYNAMIC PROPERTIES

LAB TESTS FOR DYNAMIC PROPERTIES

FIELD TESTS FOR DYNAMIC PROPERTIES

IMPORTANCE OF DYNAMIC SOIL PROPERTIES

1. Shear Wave Velocity, Vs

i. Laboratory tests and results

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1) For Saturated Clays:

For Strain of 0.5% or less

For most of the practical cases

Fig. Typical Triaxial Test Apparatus Free Powerpoint Templates

SHEAR STRENGHT UNDER RAPID LOADING (Contd)

Drained soil friction angle, =

Similarly, for Dynamic Friction Angle,

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For determining Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio of Soil

Where, C = Damping Coefficient Cc = Critical Damping Coefficient

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Cyclic Simple Shear Test (Contd)

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Cyclic Simple Shear Test (Contd)

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Used to determine Modulus of Elasticity E & Damping Ratio D

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Cyclic Triaxial Test (Contd)

To calculate Shear Modulus, G

(Same as that of Cyclic Simple Shear Test)

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Resonant Column Test

Cyclic Torsional Simple Shear Test

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For Calculating Spring Constant K & Shear Modulus G

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Cyclic Plate Load Test (Contd)

For Cohesive Soils

For Cohesion less Soils

Wf = Foundation width Wp = Plate Width ( ) = .

Used for: Wave Propagation Velocities Thickness of soil layers

Suitable for General Site Investigation for soil dynamics

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Seismic Energy (S-waves) generated from bottom of bore hole

Time to travel to another hole is calculated

Velocity is calculated from time and used to determine Shear Modulus G.

Free Powerpoint Templates

Cross-hole Technique (Contd.)

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Similar to Cross-Hole Technique Require only one borehole

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Penetration is paused temporarily

Seismic CPT (Contd.)

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Soil Dynamics, Braja M. Das

Soil Dynamic, Shamsher Prakash

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