TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................... i
STATEMENT OF THE AUTHENTICITY........................................................... ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................. iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................... iv

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study.......................................................... 1
B. Problem Statements.................................................................. 4
C. Objectives of the Study............................................................ 4
D. Operational Definition of the Key Terms................................. 4
E. Originality and Significance.................................................... 5

CHAPTER II THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE AND RECENT STUDIES

A. Theoretical Concepts and Definitions...................................... 7
1. Literature and Philosophy.................................................... 7
.........................................................................................
2. The General Ideas of Existentialism.................................... 10
a. Moral Individuation........................................................ 11
b. Choice and Commitment................................................ 13
• Practical Freedom...................................................... 15
• Metaphysical freedom................................................ 16
c. Dread and Anxiety.......................................................... 16
d. Alienation ...................................................................... 18
3. The Manifestation of Existentialist Ideas in Literary Works... 20
4. Different Types of Existentialism........................................ 25
a. Existential Atheistic........................................................ 25
b. Existential Theistic......................................................... 27
B. Theoretical Perspective ........................................................... 28
C. Review of Related and Recent Studies.................................... 29
D. Theoretical Conclusion............................................................ 30

CHAPTER III STUDY METHODS

A. Studied Material....................................................................... 31
B. Study Design............................................................................ 32
C. Reading Process....................................................................... 32
D. Data Analysis and Interpretation.............................................. 33

CHAPTER IVANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONS

A. Findings Analysis..................................................................... 34
1. The General Ideas of Existentialism.................................... 34
a. Moral Individuation........................................................ 34
b. Choice and Commitment................................................ 39
c. Dread and Anxiety.......................................................... 43
d. Alienation ...................................................................... 46
2. Different Types of Existentialism........................................ 53
 B. Interpretations and Implications............................................... 56

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusion................................................................................ 59
B. Suggestions.............................................................................. 62

BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX