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Most of the members of the Safaviya spoke Turkish and belonged to nomadic groups known as qizilbash, or redheads Residents enjoyed the privacy of interior courtyards. Artisans and merchants organized themselves into guilds that had strong social and religious as well as economic bonds. Women seldom appeared in public womens quarterscalled anderun, or interior, in Iran and harem, or forbidden area, in Istanbulwere separate from the public rooms where the men of the family received visitors womens societyconsisting of wives, children, female servants, and sometimes one or more eunuchs (castrated male servants)had some connections with the outside world. women using male agents bought and sold urban real estate, often dealing with inherited shares of their fathers estates. nomadic chieftains, and religious scholars served as intermediaries between the people and the government Ultimate victor of power was Ismail the hereditary leader of a militant Su brotherhood called the Safaviya Iran stood out as the land where Susm most often fused with militant political objectives Pre-Islamic legends and adoptions of Shiite Islam Ismail Safavi was a noted religious poet in the Turkish language of his qizilbash followers madrasas that trained the ulama to sustain and interpret the Sharia as the all-encompassing law of Islam Shiites believe that leadership of the Muslim community rests solely with divinely appointed Imams from Alis family. Some Shiite scholars concluded that the faithful should calmly accept the world as it was and wait quietly for the Hidden Imams return Persian had emerged as the second language of Islam. Iranian scholars read Arabic. Preferring highly cursive forms of the Arabic script. This divergence between the two language areas had intensied when the Mongols destroyed Baghdad, the capital of the Islamic caliphate, and thereby diminished the importance of Arabic-speaking Iraq. Painted and molded tiles and tile mosaics, often in vivid turquoise blue Persian poet raised morally instructive and mystical-allegorical verse to a peak of perfection. Arabic poetry languished. Residences in Istanbul were usually built of wood used land grants to support its all-important cavalry