HEAT TRANSFER IN FREE CONVECTION (NATURAL CONVECTION)

AIM:

To determine the heat transfer coefficient of the given material in free or natural convection method.

SPECIFICATION:
Voltmeter Ammeter Heater Temp. Indicator Variac Test piece material OD ID Length Duct length Breadth Height : : : : : : : : : : : : 0-300V 0-5A 650W 6 channel, thermocouple, chromel/alumel 2A Copper 32mm 25mm 500mm 200mm 200mm 650mm

FORMULAE:
1) Ts=(T1+T2+T3+T4+T5)/5 2) Area of heat transfer surface, A = dl 3) Heat transfer coefficient, h = q/As (Ts-Ta) 0.387(Gr Pr)1/6 4) Nu = [0.6 + ]2 9/16 8/27 {1+(0.559/Pr) } 5) Gr = (gL3T)/ 2 6) Nu = hL/K 7) h = (Nu * K)/ L 8) Tf = (Ts+Ta)/2 9) = 1/(Tf+273) 10) T = Ts-Ta

INTRODUCTION:
In contrast to the forced convection, natural convection phenomenon is due to the temperature difference between the surface and the fluid and is not created by any external agency. The present experimental set up is designed and fabricated to study the natural convection phenomenon from a vertical cylinder in terms of the variations local heat transfer coefficient along the length and also the heat transfer coefficient and it is comparison with the value obtained by using an appropriate correlation.

APPARATUS:
The apparatus consist of a brass tube fitted in a rectangular duct in a vertical fashion. The duct is open at the top and bottom and forms an enclosure and serves the purpose of undisturbed surrounding. One side of the duct is made up of Perspex for visualization. An electric heating element is kept in the vertical tube, which in turn heats the tube surface. The heat is lost from the tube to the surrounding air by natural convection. The temperature of the vertical tube is measured by five thermocouples. The heat input to the heater is measured by an ammeter and a voltmeter, and is varied by a dimmerstet.

PROCEDURE:
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Switch on the main Switch on the heater and adjust the variac to required position. Wait for steady state condition. On attain the steady state condition, note down the temperature readings. Repeat the procedure for different excitation in the variac. Substitute the record values in the formula.

TABULATION:
V (Volts) I (Amps) Ta (C) T2 (C) T3 (C) T4 (C) T5 (C) T6 (C)

S.NO

RESULT:
Thus the heat transfer coefficient of the given material is determined by using free or natural convection method.