-

Himani Savarkar,
Savarkar Bhavan, Raja Thakur Path, Shanivar Peth, Pune.
tel :+912025544751

Internet Rights are with Swatantryaveer Savarkar Rashtriya

Smarak Trust, Dadar, Mumbai

. dk;ns dkSfUlykrhy fvysDkuP;k dWafMMsVkaps eWfuQsLVkst~A

ojhy ys[kkP;k eFkG;kps okD; fyfgrk fyfgrk vkeP;k ys[k.khyk vkf.k okprk okprk vkeP;k
okpdkauk npdY;klkj[ks >kys vlsy ;kr kadk ukgh- dk;ns dkSfUlykrhy vqesnokjkaP;k eWfuQsLVkst~fok;h
fyfg.;kps /kkMl lkojdj djrkr rjh dls \ jktdkj.kkr iMko;kps ukgh Eg.kwu kapsoj vlysys ljdkjh
ca/ku rs jktdkj.kkP;k iwoZizhrhP;k vqRdaBrseqGs vsdkvsdh foljys dh dk;\
rs ca/ku vkEgh foljyks ulyks rjh ;k kCnkakh tUeHkj vkepk fvrdk nkV ifjp; >kysyk vkgs
dh rs vkrk ?kjkr] nkjkr] cksGkrwu vkf.k ekxkZo:u [ksMsxkokr vkf.k uxjkr ftFks jgkos frFks yksdkaP;k
vksBkoj vqHks jkfgysys fnlr vlrk vkEgh ek= R;kaP;kkh u cksyrk vuksG[;klkj[ks rksM yiowu fu?kwu
tkos gs vkEgkal vxnh nqLlg gksr vkgs- ijok vxnh VkGkVkGh d:u R;kaph HksV ?;k;php ukgh Eg.kwu
[kksyhr dksaMwu ?ksrys vkf.k orZekui=sns[khy okpko;kph ukghr- Eg.kwu Viky ;srkp dsoG ?kjxqrh i=s
rso<hp vq?kMyh- vdLekr~ vsdk ikfdVkr vsdk NkiysY;k rqdM;koj igkrks rks iqUgk vkiyk Jh;qr
eWfuQsLVks QMdyk! rsOgk ek= vkeps eu vxnh vkskkGs >kys- T;k jktdh; kCnkojhy vkeP;k izseklkBh
vkEgh R;k iksVZCysvjP;k HkLeklqjkP;k nkZuklkBhlq/nk ok;k dsY;k] R;k k vkeP;k ifjfpr kCnkakh rs
vxnh vkeP;k ?kjh ;svwu [kksyhr gkr tksMwu vqHks jkfgys rjh u cksy.ks dsoG fuyZTti.kk vkgs vls
okVwu vkEgh R;k lokaZkh eueksdGsi.ks cksy.;kps Bjfoys vkf.k EgVys ;k dkSfUly dk;nsdkSfUly]
fvysDku] dWfUMMsV] eWfuQsLVk! rqEgh loZ ;k] rqeP;kkh vkf.k rqeP;kfok;h dkgh rjh cksyY;kokpwu
vkEgkl vkrk eqGhp jgkor ukgh ex R;kik;h vkeph ksaMh rqVks ok ikjach rqVks!
gs vkeps Eg.k.ks vSdrkp rs loZ kCn dGdGhus Eg.kkys dh iksVZCysvjP;k HkLeklwjkpk ojngLr
vkiY;k eLrdkl ykxrkp vkiY;k MksD;kps dsl iqdG vakh xGwu xsY;kus ;|fi vkiyh ksaMh rqV.;kps
Hk; ewGkrp deh >kysys vkgs- rFkkfi T;k thoukP;k {k.kh ikjachl vki.k vtwu yksacdGr jkghyk vkgk
rh vkEgk jktdh; kCnkakh cksy.;keqGs rqV.;kps Hk; ek= vkEgkl okVrs [kjs- Eg.kwu rqEgh vkEgk kCnkaph
vksG[k u nk[kfork vkeP;kfok;h dkghgh u cksyysr rjh pkysy! gs R;kaps vqnkj cksy.ks vsdwu vkEgkl
R;kaP;kkh vf/kdp cksykosls okVw ykxwu vkEgh Eg.kkyks] ^rqeP;k ;k vkSnk;kZfok;h vkEgh vkHkkjh vkgksijarq iwoZifjp;keqGs rqEgh ukgh EgVys rjh rqeP;k izdj.kh dkgh rjh cksyY;kokpwu vkEgkal jgkor ukghloZ fganqLFkku fvysDkue/;s nax vlrk ;k dk;nsdkSfUlyP;k fvysDkukh eh vxnhp laca/k Bsow u;s gs
vkD; vkgs- eh dlkrjh i.k dk;nsdkSfUlykaP;k fuoM.kqdhr Hkkx ?ks.kkj- fHkvw udk- vkk fcdV ispkrwu
dls lqVkos ;kph xq:fdYyh vsdk laU;kkhckckauh vkEgkl vanekukr vlrk fnyh vkgs-
gs laU;kkh ckck tUekps pksj gksrs- tkrhps njoMs[kksj- ijarq iq<s vsdk lk/kwP;k rkoMhr lkiMwu
R;kauh pksjh lksM.;kph izfrKk dsyh vkf.k R;k lk/kqeaMGkus R;kl laU;kl nsvwu vkiY;k ns[kjs[khr Bsoysrs lk/kqeaMGgh Lodk;Z lk/kqRokP;k vqyk<kyh djhr HkVdrp vls- ijarq dehr deh vkilkr dks.kh pksjh
d: u;s ;k fok;h vxnh dVk{k Bsoh- R;kaP;k VksGhr vkY;kiklwu laU;klh ckckl pksjh dj.;kph vxnhp
pksjh >kyh- dkj.k tjh VksGh pqdowu pksjh dsyh rjh rs O; Bsoko;kps dksBs] k VksGhr Lor%ph vkh

ywV uls( loZ ts xolsy rs VksGhps( vkk ispkr laU;klh ckck vlrkuk ksoVh rs vxnhp =klwu xsysrsOgk yksHkkdfjrk u dk gksvhuk i.k dsoG pksjhph gkSl iqjfo.;kiqjrh rjh pksjh djkoh vlk fup; d:u]
jk=h loZ lk/kw >ksih xsY;koj rs xqipwi vqBr vkf.k ;kpk yksVk vqpyewu R;kP;k ik;kikkh] R;kph NkVh
pks:u ;kP;k >ksGhr] ;kP;k >ksGhrhy yaxksVh R;kP;k vqkkkh vlk vqpyBsohpk dkjHkkj d:u iqu% >ksih
tkr- ldkGh vqBrkp lk/kw yksdkr vsdp vkjksGh vqBs] pksjh pksjh! Tks rks nql;kikkh vkiyh oLrw
lkiMrkp R;kl pksj Eg.kwu fkO;k gklMh- ;k izdkjkpk vqxe dk;] gs kks/k.;klkBh ksoVh R;kaP;kryk
vsd lk/kw jk=Hkj xqIri.ks tkxr jkghyk- ikgkrks rks gh laU;kkhcksokaph Lokjh vqBwu vkiY;k vqpysi.kkP;k
O;olk;kr nax >kyh! rsOgk vFkkZrp pksj pksj Eg.kwu R;k tkx:d lk/kwus vksjM djrkp loZt.k tkxs >kys
vkf.k laU;kkkyk /kjys fopkjys] ^rw pksjh dk djrks\*] rsOgk rks Eg.kkyk] dsoG gkSkhlkBh! Ekh dkgh
rqeps lkeku Lor% nkcwu Vkdrks dk\ fvdMps lkeku frdMs dj.ks gh dkgh pksjh uOgs- vigkj u djrk
ek>h pksjh u dj.;kph izfrKk vkf.k pksjh dj.;kph gkSl nksUgh tj eh iqjohr vkgs rj R;kfok;h etoj
jkxko.ks gs rqEgklkj[;k dk;Zlk/kawuk rjh dkgh kksHkr ukgh- dkj.k R;kr rqeps dk;Z eqGhp fc?kMr ukgh-
gs vqkj vSdwu dk;Zlk/kw yksd glys vkf.k R;kyk rso<h fu:ioh vqBkBso d: |koh Eg.kwu Eg.kkys]
dk;nsdkSfUly] fvysDku] D;kfUMMsV] eWfuQsLVks] OgksV fvR;knh oLrwakh vkEgh dkghgh laca/k Bsow u;s
Eg.kwu fucZ/k vkEgkl ?kkrysyk vlyk rjh ojhy lkj[;k dks.kR;k rjh ;qDrhus vkEgh dk;nsdkSfUlyP;k
;sR;k fuoM.kqdhr Hkkx ?ks.;kl lksM.kkj ukgh- R;k oLrqaph ukgh rjh R;k kCnkaP;kfok;h vkEgh dkghrjh
cksy.;kph gkSl iqjowu ?ks.kkj- rqEgh fpark d: udk- ;k rqeP;k fopkjkps orhus dks.k dks.k izfrfu/kh vqHks
vkgsr rs loZ ;k] vkEgh rqeps xq.k vSdwu rqeP;k fuoM.kqdhr ernkjkauh dks.kkl ers |koh rs fufpr
d:u yksdkal rls dj.;kfok;h izcG vuqjks/k Eg.kts tcjnLr fkQkjl d:gs vSdrkp vsd vxnh vuksG[kh ijarq /khV kCn iq<s >kyk vkf.k Eg.kky] ek>s uko eWfuQsLVksfganqLFkkukr yk[kkekxs vsdkns[khy euq;kpk vkf.k ek>k vtwu ifjp; ukgh] ijarq eh ljdkjh orhpk
D;kafMMsV Eg.kwu vqHk vlY;kus yksdkauh eykp fuoMwu |kos- Fkksj Fkksj iq<kjh ek;k orhus ers
feGfo.;klkBh vkVksdkV iz;Ru djhr vkgsr- ;k fi<hr eh laHkkfor laikndkaP;k ?kjh nkjh ifjfpr gksvhunqLk;k fi<hr eh izR;sdkP;k fi<hr ek>sdMs yksder fvrds >qdsy dh tjh vs[kknk gydV osMk ihj
yksdkal Eg.kkyk dh vgks gk E;kfuQsLVks ljdkjh orhpk ijdh euq; vkgs] ;kl ers nsvw udk- rj izR;sd
vLly nskHkDr euq; Eg.kw ykxsy- ^ok!dks.k gk LokfHkekukPkk vfrjsd ! gk fcpkjk E;kfuQsLVks vkeP;k
vksBhrksaMh vxnh f[kGwu xsysyk- vkeP;k vksBhrksaMh vxnh f[kGwu xsysyk- vkeP;k Hkkkkx`gkr vxnh
nso?kjki;Zar rhu fi<;k okojr vlysyk kCn] vkf.k ;kyk Eg.ks oki: udk! vkeP;k ?kjph kCnlaikh
ok<fo.;kps dk;Z ;kus dsys! vkEgh ;klp ers ns.kkj!*
gs okD; rks cksyr vkgs rksp nqljk vsd fganw oskkrhy kCn iq<s >kyk- R;kpk rksaMoGk vxnh
ifjp;kpk fnlyk- rks Eg.kyk] ek>s uko fuosnu- T;k fopkjkdfjrk E;WfuQsLVks izfrfu/kh gksvw igkr vkgs]
R;kp tkxslkBh ehgh vqHkk vkgs- eykp yksdkauh dk ers |kohr] rs ek;kis{kk E;WfuQsLVksus th dkj.ks
vkiys leFkZukFkZ Eg.kwu iq<s vk.kyh vkgsr] R;k R;kP;k dkj.kkP;k ;ksxkusp vf/kd LiV gksr vkgs- gkp
Eg.kkyk dh ^vkt gk yk[kkr vsdkP;kgh ifjp;kpk ukgh Ik.k rhu fi<;kr vkiY;k ?kjkr gk fuR;kps

fcgkM Bsow kdsy-* Eg.kwup eh Eg.krks dh] ;k ljdkjh ijD;k HkVkyk osGhp vksljh oj ik; ilj.;kps
vk/kh gqldwu |kok vkf.k R;kph tkxk eyk] Lonskh; kCnkyk |koh] ;kps dke eh fdrh vqke izdkjs
djrks rs eyk vsdnk rs dke lkaxwu igk] dh rqeP;k izR;;kl ;svhy] eh ;k fganqLFkkuP;k okrkoj.kkrp
tUeysyk vlwu nsook.kh laLd`r ek>h vkth gksrh- izFke vukxGi.ks ijdh kCnkauk vkiY;k fopkjkaps
izfrfuf/kRo d: |ko;kps vkf.k ex rs th tkxk cGdkowu clys dh jMr] vksjMr kq/nhdj.kkP;k ekxs
ykxko;kps gk dks.krk kgk.ki.kk\ iwohZ t:j] rkxkvhr] oYyn] dkse fvR;knh vqnwZ kCnkauk vlsp
vksBkoj ukpw fnys Eg.kwu rj vkrk rsp vqjkoj ukpr vkgsr! E;kfuQsLVks Eg.krks R;kP;klkj[;k ijdh
kCnkus kCnlaikh ok<rs- i.k R;k;ksxs vkeP;klkj[;k Lonskh; kCnkaph vqiklekj fu nqljhdMs
kCnlaikhpk {k; gksrks R;kph okV dk;\
gs R;kps cksy.ks vSdrkp vkEgh fu.kZ; fnyk dh] yksdkauh ;kiq<s dsOgkgh E;kfuLQsLVksl ers u nsrk
R;k tkxslkBh fuosnukykp fuoMwu |kos- vtwu eWfuLQsLVks yk[kkrwu vsdkP;kgh rksaMkr clyk ukgh rksp
R;kl eTtko djkok- gk fu.kZ; vSdrkp vkeP;k foosd ukokP;k }kjikykus E;kfuQsLVksl [kksyhps nkj
nk[kfoys vkf.k fu{kwu lkafxrys dh iqUgk tj rw vkeP;k ejkBhP;k rksaMkr clw ikgkhy rj rq;k rksaMkr
clY;kokpwu jgk.kkj ukgh!
gk fu.kZ; vSdrkp vkysY;k kCnkarhy fonskh osk dsysys vuksG[kh kCn ekxs ekxss ljdr ik;
dk<w ykxys- rsOgk vkEgh lkafxrys dh E;kfuQsLVksps Eg.k.ks vSdY;kuarj tlk vkEgh fu.kZ; fnyk rlk
rqeps Eg.k.ks vSdY;kuarj Lora= fu.kZ; nsvw- rqEgh fonskh Eg.kwu E;kfuQsLVksizek.ks fuoM.kqdhr ijkHko
ikoky vls letw udk- dkj.k T;k tkxslkBh rqEgh izfrfu/kh Eg.kwu vqHks jkgw fvfPNrk] R;k tkxsoj rks rks
fopkj iznfkZr dj.kkjk dks.krkgh Lodh; ;ksX; kCn u feGkyk rj vkEgh rqephp fuoM d:- ijarq
Lonskh kCn vf/kd ;ksX;rsus rs dk;Z djhr vlwugh E;kfuQsLVks nql;k tkxsr ?kqlwu frpk /kuh cuw igkr
gksrk Eg.kwu R;kyk fuoMwu fnys ukgh- ;k] vkEgh lks;hus vsdesdkl cksykorks- dk;nsdkSfUly! rqEgh vkf.k
rqeps lgdkjh dkSfUly vkWQ LVsV vkf.k rh rqeph ?kj/kuh.k ysftLVsVhOg vlsaCyh! rqEgh fr?ks izFke iq<s ;kvkeps gs cksy.ks vSdrkp }kjiky foosd vkjsMyk]^vkx ykxks R;k rqeP;k ukokl] ek;k lkr fi<;k
dks.kh rksaM fvrds osaxkMys ulsy] fvrds rks Eg.krks rks rs fr?ks vkr vkys vkf.k dk;nsdkSfUly Eg.kkyk]
^?kkc: udk- rqeP;k eqykaph rj xksVp dkkyk i.k rqeP;k eqyhl ns[khy vsdosG nsokps uko ?ks.;kl
tM tkvhy i.k vkeph ukos ?ks.;kl tM tk.kkj ukgh- dk; ysftLYksVhOg vlsaCyhckvh] [kjs uk\* rks
fopkjrks rksp fof/keaMG] O;oLFkfidk ifjkn] /kkjklHkk] jkT;lferh] fof/klferh gh loZ fganh kCnkaph VksGh
vkr ?kqlyh vkf.k Eg.krs i.k vkeP;k yksdkauh rqeP;k iq<s izFke rjh fvrds rksaM osaxkMkosp dk\ vkEgh
rqeP;k tkxsoj ;kstys tkrkp rqeph dkes kriV yksdfgrcq/nhus d:u nk[kow] R;k R;k fopkjkaP;k
tkxslkBh vkEgh fvrds izfrfu/kh fu;qDr djrk ;s.kkjs vlrk rqeph vkeP;k fganw HkkkkaP;k ?kjkr yqMcqM
gohp dkkyk\ rks ysftLysfVOg vlsaCyh Eg.kkyh] ^i.k /;kukr /kjk] vkEgh ljdkjfu;qDr izfrfu/kh gks.kkj
vkgksr-ljdkjpk vkEgkl ikfBack vkgs! vkf.k Eg.kwup vkEgkl yksderkpk ikfBack feGkyk ikfgts-*

gs ljdkjps uko cjsp osGk vSdrkp vkEgkal FkksMhlh Hkhrh okVyh vkf.k vkEgh rks laokn
VkG.;klkBh EgVys] iqjs vkrk jktdkj.kkph ppkZ dj;kps gs LFkG uOgs- vkrk dsOkG fu.kZ; rso<k vSdkdkj.k izR;sdkps oknfookn vls pkyw ykxys rj rqEgh gkr?kkvhoj ;ky- vkEgkl vuR;kpkjh kkarrsP;k ;k
dkGkr gh fuoM.kwd djko;kph vkgs- ;k [kksyhP;k pkj LraHkkr rh vkojyh xsyh ikfgts- ukghrj Hkj
eSnkukar vqr:u ^j.kxtZuk* vkeP;koj MksGs QkMw ykxsy] vkf.k vuR;kpkjh kkarrspk Hkax gksvhydk;nsdkSfUly! rqeP;k tkxslkBh nksu izfrfu/kh gksvw fvfPNrkr% vsd fof/k&eaMG] nql;k ;k O;oLFkkfidk
ifjkn~- /kkjklHkkgh vqH;k vkgsrp- ijarq O;oLFkkfidk ifjknsyk vqkj fganqLFkkukr cgqer feGkys vkgs]
vkf.k fof/keaaMGkdMs vkepk vks<k vkgs- dkj.k R;kaph fopkj O;Dr dj.;kph i/nr vkVksikhj] usVdh]
vkf.k MkSynkj vkgs- Eg.kwu vkEgh dk;ns dkSfUlyP;k tkxsdfjrk fof/keaMG ;klp fuoMkos vls BjforksR;kpizek.ks ysftLysfVOg vlsaCyh ckvhP;k LFkyh fof/klfefr vkf.k dkSfUly vkWQ LVsVP;k fBdk.kh
jkT;ifjknsph fuoM.kwd Ogkoh- pyk vkrk fvysDku] rqEgh iq<s ;k( rqEgkl dks.k dks.k izfrLi/khZ vkgsr\
fuoM.kwd vkf.k fuokZpu Eg.kkys] vkEgh nks?ks- rsOgk vFkkZrp vkEgh R;klp LFkkf;d dj.kkj- rqeph
fudkj.k yqMcwM vkEgkl eqGhp laer ukgh- fuokZpu gk kCn laLr kCn vlwu] fuoM.kwd gh R;kph
eqyxh vkgs( nks?kkalgh yksdkauh vsdsd er nsvwu fuoMkos- vkrk jkfgyk ^D;kfUMMsV* R;kl dks.k izfrLi/khZ
vkgs gs fopjrkp vsd eqlyekuklkj[kh fotkj ?kkrysyk kCn iq<s vkyk( R;kps MksD;koj dseky ikkkus
QkMwu Qsdwu fnysyh vsd rqdhZ Vksih gksrh] frP;k rqVr vkysY;k xnG xksaM;kph nksu pkj lqrs dkukoj
yksacr gksrh] rw js dks.k Eg.kwu fopkjrk rks Eg.kkyk] eh ^vqesnokj* k fopkjkl iznfkZr djhr vlrksvkt rhuks&pkjks oksZ eh egkjkVkr jkgkr vkgs- gk dWafMMsV vqi;k vkgs( rksp ^fvPNqd* ukokpk vsd
kq/n Lukula/;kkhy czk.kklkj[kk kCn iq<s vkyk vkf.k Eg.kkyk] i.k eh egkHkkjr dkGkiklwu k
LFkkukoj fu;qDr vkgs- e/;arjh eksBk jkVizy; >kyk- R;kr vkEgkl nskks/kMhl tkos ykxys- i.k vkrk
fuoM.kwd iqUgk gks.kkj gs vSdwu vkyks vkgs- rsOgk vFkkZrp vkEgh EgVys] fvPNqd! ;k LFkkukl rqEghp
;ksX; vkgkr] vkEgh rqEgkl er fnys;kizek.ks fuoM.kqdh lairkp }kjiky foosd R;k loZ eaMGhl ckgsj ?ksvwu xsyk- frFks yksdkapk
eksBkp Fkok teyk gksrk- R;kl fuoM.kqdhpk fu.kZ; dGfo.;kr vkyk dh dk;nsdkSfUlyP;k fBdk.kh
fof/keaMG] ysftLysfVOg vlsaCyhps fBdk.kh fof/klferh( dkSfUly vkWQ LVsVps fBdk.kh jkT;ifjkn(
D;kfUMMsV fdaok vqesnokj ;kaps fBdk.kh fvPNqd( fvysDkuP;k fBdk.kh fuokZpu fdaok fuoM.kwd] vkf.k
E;kfuQsLVksP;k fBdk.kh fuosnu ;kl fu;qDr dj.;kl vkysys vkgs- gs vSdrkp loZ ljdkj fu;qDr
kCnkapk ijkt; gksvwu Lodh; kCn fuoMwu vkys Eg.kwu jkVh; i{kkP;k yksdkauh eksBkp t;t;dkj dsyk;kiq<s dks.khgh ^dkSfUlykrhy fvysDkulkBh D;kfUMMsVkaps EukfuQsLVks* vkh /ksMxqtjh okD;s u cksyrk
fof/keaMGkrhy fuoM.kqdhlkBh vqH;k jkfgysY;k fvPNqdkaph fuosnus vkh kq/n] jkVh; vkf.k eatqG
okD;s vqPpkjko;kph vlk lokZauh fu;e dsyk- rsOgk foosdkus R;kaps vfHkuanu dsys vkf.k Eg.kkyk] vkrk
dsoG ts kgk.ks vkgsr R;kauh ek= fvysDkupk fj>YV] dk;nsdkSfUly] D;kfUMMsVkaps E;kfuQsLVks] vls kCn
ejkBh o`ki=krwu fyfgys rj pkyrhy! Dkj.k vki.kkl vs[kknh pkaxyh xksV lqpo.;kps vk/kh rh nql;kl

lqpkoh vso<;kplkBh rh vuqdjko;kph ukgh gk nqjkxzkgh lR;kxzg tj rs u djrhy rj R;kal fvrj

dks.kR;k xq.kkaps cGkoj vkiys kgk.ki.k pOgkV;koj vk.krk ;s.kkj vkgs!
ksoVh foosdkus fuoMwu vk.kysY;k jkVh; fvPNqdkl vqesnokjkl lkafxrys dh rqEgh vkeP;k
fopkjkps izfrfu/kh vkt tjh fuoMysys vkgkr rjh iq<s ekxs gs fopkj iznfkZr dj.kkjs nqljs ;ksX;rj Lodh;
izfrfu/kh tj feGkys rj vkEgh rqEgkl lksMwu R;klp fu;qDr d: gks! rsOgk rs loZt.k vqn~xkjys] vxnh
ekU;- vkEgh dsoG fvPNqd vkgksr vsdnk vkEgkl vki.k izfrfu/kh dsysr Eg.kwu ;ksX;rk ulrkgh
oakijaijk e/;arjh yqMcqM d: ikg.kkjs vkEgh dks.kh fHk{kqd ukgh! dsoG fvPNqd vkgksrk ys[kkr R;kosGsl 1926 e/;s ejkBhr vR;ar izpfyr vlysY;k T;k fvaxzth kCnkaoj ohj
lkojdjkauh fouksnh Vhdspk HkfMekj dsyk vkgs rs fvaxzth kCn ejkBh Hkkksrwu toG toG yqIr >kys
vkgsr vkf.k R;kaps Bk;h Lok-ohj fo- nk- lkojdjkauh lqpfoysys vkf.k fvrjgh Lodh; kCnp ejkBh
fy[kk.kkarwu izpfyr >kys vkgsr- k vsdk vfHkuanuh; xksVho:ugh ohj lkojdjkauh Hkkkk kq/nhlkBh
vanekuiklwu ts ifjJe ?ksrys rs dls ;kLoh gksr xsys vkgsr gs fnlwu ;srhy-

. Hkkkkkq/nh fu Jh- Jh- -dksYgVdj

iq.;kl k okhZ HkjysY;k vkf.k c;kp FkkVkekVkus ikj iMysY;k ejkBh&lkfgR;&laesyukps v/;{k
Jh- Jhikn .k dksYgVdj ;kauh R;kaP;k v/;{kh; Hkkk.kkr ejkBh HkkksP;k kq/nhdj.kkps pGoGhfok;h
cjhp ppkZ dsysyh vkgs- ejkBh Hkkksr fvaxzth kCn felGwu frps ts vR;ar for :Ik dkgh fvaxzth
fkdysY;k vkf.k u fkdysY;k yksdkaP;k rksaMkrwu vkf.k ys[kkrwu O;Dr gksr vlrs] R;kfok;h Jh
dksYgVdj ;kauh rhoz [ksn O;Dr dsyk vlwu rs vkk /ksMxqtjh izpkjkl ^ejkBhps HkzVhdj.k* kp ukokus
lacksf/krkr- fvaxzth kCnkaP;k fudkj.k HkslGhph Jh- dksYgVdj ;kauk fvrdh fklkjh okVr vkgs dh]
R;kauh Money Bag pk ns[khy eksg u /kjrk dsoG ^pkepaph*p dk; rh dMksrjhl cka/kwu vkiY;k Vhdsph
QVQVh (Motor cycle) fvrD;k tksjkus lksMyh vkgs dh okVsr vusd ^vqrkj*(Station) vkf.k ^iMkkGk*
(Waiting rooms) ykxY;k vlrkgh vkf.k frFks Fkkac.;kpk vkxzg vusd ^feVjkauh* vkf.k ^ljkauh* dsyk
vlrkgh R;kl vSliSl ik; ilj.;kps vk/khp v/kZpa* nsvwu rs vkeP;kgh iq<s vsd ikvwy fu?kwu xsys
vkgsr- ejkBh HkkksP;k lkfRod vfHkekukus n; Hk:u ;svwu ksoVh ksoVh rs Eg.kkys] ------ i.k rksi;Zar
vki.k vkiY;k rksaMh clysys fvaxzth kCn ?kksdhr LoLFkp cl.kkj dk;\ LoLFk clY;kl dsoG
vkiY;kdMsp LokfHkekUkkwU;rk ;svhy vls ukgh( rj vki.k vkiY;k lalxkZus Hkkoh fi<hl nwfkr d:u
fuHksZG ejkBh cksy.;kps Js; frtdMwu fgjkowu ?ksvw- fvaxzth kCn ejkBh laHkkk.kkr ftrD;k lkSd;kZus
fkjys- frrdsp vo?kM dke R;kauk R;krwu gqldwu yko.ks gks.kkj vkgs- i.k gs vo?kM dkegh vsd
vko;d drZO; Eg.kwu vki.k ikj ikMys ikfgts-
fvaxzth Hkkksph ejkBhoj dqj?kksMh gksvw u;s Eg.kwu vkt rhl pkGhp oksZ egkjkVkr fdR;sd izeq[k
eaMGh >Vr vkysyh vkgsr- ek/kojko jkuM;kaP;k p.ksdqjeqjs eaMGkph laLFkk gs vsdp eaMG vkk
iz;RukalkBh [kViV djhr uOgrs- vls ygkueksBs cjsp iz;Ru vktoj gksr vkysys vkgsr- R;k iz;Rukauh
vkf.k fokskr% fpiGw.kdjkaP;k fuca/kekysrhy ys[kkauhp vq|qDr gksvwu vkEgh vkeP;k kkGsrhy
fnolkiklwu fvaxzth kCn ejkBhr kD;rks u vk.k.;kpk iz;Ru dj.;kpk fu;e vkeP;k lgdk;kalg
vktoj vusd laLFkkarwu ?kkyhr vkf.k ikGhr vkysys vkgksr- dkWyste/;sp uOgs rj vxnh foyk;rsr
&yaMuP;k vxnh e/;oLrhr ns[khy &dh ftFks vsdnksu oksZ jkgrkp ^ejkBh vxnh fol:u xsyks cqok!*
Eg.kwu Eg.k.ks Eg.kts vsd izdkjps Hkwk.k vkgs vls let.kkjs vusd ejkBh vkf.k fganh x`gLFk fuolr
vlr&frFkslq/nk vkeP;k ns[kjs[kh[kkyh pkyysY;k Hkkjrh; Hkoukr fvaxzth kCn ejkBh fdaok fganh Hkkksr
?kqlMyk tkrkp rks vxnh vijk/k letyk tkvwu R;k vijk/kh O;Drhl vkiY;k pgkl fdaok fcLdqVkl
eqdkos ykxs- vanekukrgh vkeP;k iatkch] caxkyh] vkf.k fvrj iznskkrhy lgdVHkksxh jktca|kalgh vkEgh
vlsp dMd fucZa/k ?kkyhr vlw- fpiGw.kdjkaP;k fi<hekxwu xsY;k 1906 P;k FkksjY;k Lonskh pGoGhi;Zar
fvaxzth kCnkaP;k vsdlkj[;k psihr pky.kk;k vke.kkiklwu ejkBh Hkkksps laj{k.k dj.;klkBh vkk
izdkjs iz;Ru c;kp ifj.kkedkjd jhrhus pkyysys vlr-

ijarq R;kuarj k fok;kdMs turspsp uOgs rj lkfgR;kP;k usR;kapsgh iqdGp nqyZ{k gksr pkyysizFke ;k fok;klaca/kh ftrdk usVkpk vqgkiksg vkf.k ftrds fuxzgkps vkpj.k gksr gksrs frrds gksvhukls
>kys- vkf.k lkoZtfudi.ks frdMs loZ tursps y{k iqUgk vsdnk rhozrsus os/kys tkvhy vkh vs[kknh
Hkkoukshid pGoG pkyw Bso.;kr vkyh ukghvsrnFkZp vkEgh lqVwu ;srkp ejkBh kq/nhdj.kkP;k izukl iqUgk vsdnk izcG pkyu ns.;kpk iz;Ru
dsyk- R;k pGoGhpk gsrw ejkBhrwu vqnwZ&eqlyekuh &kCnkaphp dk; rh gdkyih djkoh gk ulwu
izFkeiklwup vkiY;k Hkkksr vkiY;k Lonskh; laLrksRik fganwHkkkk la?kkO;frfjDr dks.kR;kgh fonskh
kCnkl fudkj.k fvaxzth kCnkaoj vkf.k v/kZ&fvaxt
z h vkk ckVX;k ejkBhojgh ejkBh kq/nhdj.kkP;k
pGoGhpk jks[k vls vkf.k vkgs gh xksV vkeP;k ejkBh kq/nhdj.kkojhy izR;sd ys[kkrwu vkf.k vkeP;k
lkgp;kZr eaMGhakh cksyR;k tk.kk;k izR;sd okD;ko:u dks.kklgh dG.kkjh vkgs R;k pGoGheqGs xsY;k
nksu okkZr k izukeqGs tursps y{k iqUgk vsdnk fvrD;k rhozrsus vkdfkZys xsys vkgs dh] kkGse/khy
eqykaiklwu rks laikndkaP;k ys[kukkGsi;Zar ejkBh fyfgrkuk ok cksyrkuk thHk vkf.k ys[k.kh ^gk kCn
fvaxzth rj ukgh uk! gk kCn vqnwZ rj ukgh uk! v'kk kadsua pVdu vM[kGw ykxrs- gh xksV R;k
ys[k.khP;k vkf.k ftHksP;k izfrinh vM[kG.;kus gks.kk;k rksrjsi.kkP;k =klkl daVkGysY;k
iq.;k&eqacvhP;k fdR;sd fe=kauh ^gk Hkkkkkq/nhPkk ulrk vqin~O;ki dk<rkr rjh dkkyk* Eg.kwu th
gkdkVh pkyfoyh vkgs rho:up fl/n gksrs- vkrk rj Jh- Jhikn .k dksYgVdj ;kauh lkfgR; ifjknsP;k
v/;{kinko:u R;k fok;kph ppkZ fvrD;k izkeq[;kus dsyh vkgs dh] R;keqGs vkt nksu oksZ pkyfoysY;k
pGoGhPkk iqdGp ifj.kke >kyk] ;kfok;h vkEgkl vkf.k vkeP;k egkjkVh; vusd lgdk;kl
lkgftdp vkuan Ogkok- fvaxzth Hkkksrhy kCnkl ejkBhr /kqMxwl ?kkyw u nsrk R;koj dMd cfgdkj
iqdkjkok gs er Jh- dksYgVdj ;kauh vkEgh lkaxrks R;kghis{kk FkksM;k vf/kdp vfrjsdh Hkkksr lefFkZys
;kfok;h vkEgh Jh- dksYgVdj ;kaps vfHkuanu djrksi.k ex gkp U;k; vqnwZ kCnklgh ykxw ukgh dk\
fvaxzth kCnkaP;k lalxkZus ejkBhps HkzVhdj.k gksr vkgs gh xksV Jh- dksYgVdj ;kauh vxnh
vkEgh vusd vk{ksi lgu d:u vqi;ksftysY;k R;k HkzVhdj.k kCnkapk vqi;ksx d:up lkafxryh vkgsgs HkzVhdj.k dk gksvw nsvw u;s k dkj.ksgh R;kauh rhp lkafxryh vkgsr- ijarq R;kp dkj.kklkBh
vuko;d vqnwZ kCnkaP;k lalxkZiklwugh HkzVhdj.k gksvw nsvw u;s vls vkEgh Eg.kr vlY;kus lrnkZuh
dks.kklgh vls okVys dh] Jh- dksYgVdjgh vqnwZ kCnkaP;k /kqMxqlkpgh vkeP;klkj[;kp fuks/k djhr
vlrhy- ijarq nqnSokus R;kl Lor%l rls okVr ukgh vls R;kaP;k Hkkkkkqf/ndj.kkP;k ppsZP;k vqkjk/kkZo:u
fnlwu ;srs gh vsd vkp;kZphp xksV vkgs- okLrfod ikgrk T;k T;k dkj.kklkBh rs fvaxzth kCn ejkBhr
?kqlw nsvw u;sr Eg.kwu Eg.krkr] R;kp dkj.kklkBh vqnwZ fdaok dks.krsgh fonskh kCn ejkBhr kD; rks ?kqlw
nsvw u;sr gsgh er vifjgk;Zi.ks vuqfer gksrs- uohu kCnp uOgsr rj ts fvaxzth kCn vxnh ?kjknkjkrwu
?kqlys vkgsr R;kl ns[khy ;kiq<s eTtko djkok] ex rs dke vo?kM vlys rjh drZO; Eg.kwu dsysp
ikfgts vls Jh- dksYgVdj Eg.krkr- ex vkEgh fopkjrks dh] gkp U;k; vqnwZ fdaok fvrj dks.kR;kgh

fonskh kCnkalgh dk ykxw u;s\ vo?kM vlys rjh feLVj lj] vls [ksM;kikM;krhy isUkuj
pkaHkkjegkjkfndki;Zar :< >kysY;k kCnklgh cfgdkj ?kky.;kl ^dacj dlwu* vq|qDr >kysys JhdksYgVdjkaps HkkkkfHkekuh /kS;Z vqnwZ kCnkal igkrkp vsdkvsdh vls dacj eksMY;klkj[ks dk gksrs\
;kps dkj.k fvrdsp vkgs dh] Jh- dksYgVdj ;kaph vkeP;k Hkkkkkq/nhP;k pGoGhfok;h iqdGp
for letwr >kysyh vkgs- gh xksV R;kauh vqnwZ Hkkksrhy kCnkojgh kD; rks cfgdkj ?kkykok k
erkfo:/n Eg.kwu ts ts vk{ksi vk.kysys vkgsr R;ko:up fl/n gksr vkgs- ^dsljh*r vkysY;k QqVdG
ys[kkadkrwu dkgh rjh] dsOgk rjh] dqBs rjh okpwu R;kauh k fok;klaca/kh vkiys er cufoys vkgs- ijarq
R;k ys[kklg R;koj vkysY;k vusd vk{ksikapk lkaxksikax fopkj d:u vkEgh ;k Hkkkkkq/nhdj.kkP;k
fok;koj ts vsd Lorak iqLrd fyfgys vkgs vkf.k T;kl vsd R;kT; kCnkapk izfrkCnkalg dkskgh
tksMysyk vkgs- rs iqLrd Jh- dksYgVdj ;kauh okpys ulkos & Yk{kiwoZd rj okpys ulkosp vls R;kauh
?ksrysY;k R;kp R;k fkG;k kadko:u LIkV gksr vkgs- vsrnFkZ vkEgkl rj izFke vlsp okVys dh] JhdksYgVdjkaP;k vk{ksikl R;k iqLrdkr T;kr T;kr vqkjs fnysyh vkgsr rs rs Nsnd rso<s funsZkwup gs vqkj
iqjs djkos- dkj.k rsp rs LiVhdj.k fyfg.;kr Jekpk fu osGspk viO;o gksrks- ijarq lkfgR;kifjknsP;k T;k
v/;{kihBko:u R;kauh rs vk{ksi ?ksrys R;k ihBkP;k egoklkBh R;k vk{ksikaps FkksMscgqr Lora=i.ks fujkdj.k
dj.ks izkIr vkgsEkqlyekuh kCnkaoj cfgdkj Eg.kts eqlyekukapk }skA
Jh- dksYgVdjkapk ewG vk{ksi vlk vkgs dh eqlyekuh kCnkal ejkBhr /kkaxMf/kaxk u ?kkyw
ns.;klkBh fu?kkysyh gh pGoG eqlyekukaP;k fok;h th vsd uohu rs< vqRik >kyh vkgs frpk ifj.kke
vkgs] vkf.k gs ulrs dqyaxMs x`fgr /k:u R;koj Jh- dksYgVdjkauh vMp.khps euks;koj euksjs cka/kysys
vkgsr! Ekqlyekukaph la[;k Qkj vkgs&fgrlaca/k vlsy & nqgh vYidkyhu vkgs& eqlyekukaP;k izR;sd
oLrwoj cfgdkj ?kkykok ykxsy! Eg.kts xk.;krY;k fptk ns[khy cfgr letkO;k ykxrhy ! vls ukgh
ukgh rs Hk;kud ns[kkos ulR;k dYiusrwu vqBsu R;kaP;k Hkkk.kkP;k iM|koj rjaxr vkgsr i.k vkEgh vls
fopkjrks dh] gh Hkkkkkq/nph pGoG eqlyekukaP;k }skkeqGs vqRik >kyh gs rqEgkl dks.kh lkafxrys\
i.k izLrqr izlaxkiqjrs Eg.kwu fopkjrks dh] rqEgh Lor% fvaxzth kCnkaoj cfgdkj ?kkykok Eg.kwu
tks Eg.krk rks dk; fvaxztkakh rqeph l/;k th rs< vqRik >kyh vkgs frpk ifj.kke vkgs\
fvaxzth kCn vxnh QVQVh(Motor cycle) i;Zar cfgd`r djkos Eg.kwu vki.k ts Eg.krk rs
fvafXykkaP;k }skkus dk Eg.krk\ rls vlsy rj vqnwZ kCnakoj cfgdkj ?kky.;kP;k pGoGhfo:/n ts ts
rqEgh vk{ksi ?ksrysr] rs rs rqeP;kfo:/n ts ts rqEgh vk{ksi ?ksrysr] rs rs rqeP;kfo:/ngh ?ksrk ;srhy !
fvaxztkauh lq: dsysY;k , , , val[; lq/kkj.kk vki.k vafxdkjY;k
R;kpizek.ks vsd rj R;kaps vuko;d kCngh

; cfgdkj
?kky.ks rj fvaxztkauh vk.kysY;k ojhy vusd vqi;qDr lq/kkj.kkgh lksMk] vls tj rqEgkafo:/n dks.kh Eg.kw
ykxyk rj rqEgh dk; vqkj |ky\ R;kl rqEgh vlsp vqkj |ky dh] ckck! fvaxzthaP;k T;k T;k vqi;qDr

xksVh okVY;k R;k R;k vkEgh ?ksrY;k ( Eg.kwu R;kaps vuqi;qDr fdaok vuko;d kCngh vkEgh vkeP;k
Hkkksr fudkj.k ?kqlw |kos gs rq>s Eg.k.ks vxnhp cknjk;.kh vlaca/n laca/kkps |ksrd vkgs! rlsp vkEgh
vkeP;k okD;laLrhkh folaxr vl.kkjs fvafXyk kCn Hkkksr fk: nsr ukgh gh xksV vkEgh fvafXykkapk
}sk djrks kaps nkZd vls tj rw letr vlkhy rj rsgh rq;k fueZy ekSfydrspsp (originality)
y{k.k letys ikfgts- vq|k vkEgh jkseufyihr ejkBh fyfgr ukgh fdaok Loa;ikd?kjkr fvaxzth u cksyrk
ejkBhrp cksyrks gsgh fvaxztkakh vlysY;k vkeP;k rs<hpsp rw y{k.k letkhy!
i.k fvaxzth kCnkaoj cfgdkj ?kkyk Eg.kwu ts lkafxrys rs Jh- dksYgVdjkauk fvaxzthfok;h
eukar th rs< okVrs rheqGsp lkafxrys gk vk{ksi tj [kksVk vlsy] rj ex eqlyekuh

okV.kk;k rs<heqGsp rls lkaxrkr gk vk{ksi [kjk dkko:u\
vkf.k rkh rs< vlyh fdaok ulyh rjh eqlyekuh kCnkl cfgdkj ?kky.;kph pGoG T;kauh vkjafHkyh]
R;k JhfkoN=irhauk rs tkvwu fopkjk( vkEgkl dkkyk fopkjrk!
rs EysaPNksPNsns Hkqfo fujoksk jfodqyk
oralsukR;Fks ;ouop lj.khe~
u`iO;ogkjkFkZ l rqfocq/kHkkkka forfur~
fu;qDrksHkwn~fo}kUuqiofjfkoPN=ifruk
jktO;ogkjdksk
^;k vk;kZo`kkar EysaPN lrspk vqPNsn d:u Lora= fganw LFkkiu dsY;kuarj ;ou HkkksP;k opZLokus
yqIr >kysY;k Lodh; nsook.khps iqu:Tthou dj.;klkBh T;k egkjkt N=irhauh ;kouh kCnkaps vqP;kVu
dj.;kpk iz;ru dsyk] R;k N=irhauh R;kauh R;k dk;kZFkZ T;k fo}kukaph ;kstuk dsyh vkf.k tks
foif'pRlaerL;kL; fda L;knKfoMacu%
jksprs fda esyk; e/kqja dnfyQye AA
Jhfko=irhlkj[;k vusd /kqja/kj vkf.k cqf/neku iq:kkauk ts ;kouh kCnkaps vqPpkV.k dj.;kps
dk;Z laer >kysys vkgs R;k ;Rukl ew[kZ yksd tjh glys rjh R;kl dks.k Hkhd ?kkyrks& vkh ?kksk.kk
d:u jktO;ogkjdksk fygko;kl tks clyk R;k j?kqukFk iafMrkl fopkj dh] gh ;kouh kCnkaoj ejkBhr
cfgdkj ?kky.;kph pGoG eqlyekukafok;h okV.kk;k rs<hpk ifj.kke vkgs dh xksMhpk! dkj.k gh pGoG
R;k fkodkyhu fi<hph vkgs- vkEgh dsoG frps vuqlj.k dsys&rh eankoyh gksrh rh iqUgk izTofyr dsyh
fvrdsp!

Jh- dksYgVdj ;kauh vqnwZ kCnkaP;k cfgdkjkps fo:/n Eg.kwu ts vk.k[kh dkgh vk{ksi vk.kysys
vkgsr] R;kaps [kaMu fvaxzth kCnkl cfgdkj ?kkrykp ikfgts k erkps leFkZukFkZ R;kauhp ;ksftysY;k
dksfVekus dls gksrs gs igk.ks eksBs xerhps vkgsJh- dksYgVdjkafo:/n dksYgVdj
vqnkgj.kkFkZ nksu&pkj vk{ksi ikgw- rs Eg.krkr] eqlyekuh kCnkapk tlk R;kx djko;kpk rlk
eksxy cknkgk fu>ke ;kP;k in~O;kapkgh R;kx djkok ykxsy- i.k ex fvaxzth kCnkpk tj R;kx
djko;kpk rj fvaxzth inO;kapkgh R;kx djko;kpk rj fvaxzth inO;kapkgh R;kx udks dk djko;kl\ chvs-vsy~vsy~-ch-gh inohns[khy R;kfxyh ikfgts! Tkj rh inoh u lksMrk fvaxzth kCn lksMrk ;sr vlrhy]
rj rlsp eqlyekuh kCnkalfgr vko;d R;k fofkV inO;k u lksMrk R;kxrk ;svhy]^lj* kCnkl ejkBh
foHkDrh izR;; cjsp tqGrkr i.k rlsp rs vusd fvaxzth gk kCn R;kxkok Eg.kwu Eg.krkr Jh- dksYgVdj
R;kl ^lkgsc* gk i;kZ; lqpforkr vkf.k lkgsckph gkath gkath dj.;kph vktdkyph vfHktkr :<h
ikG.;klkBh Eg.kwup dh dk; R;kps orhus Eg.krkr] lkgsc kCnkar eqlyekuh vqxekfkok; vk{ksikgZ
dkghp ukgh gks;]( i.k ^lj* k kCnkr rjh R;kP;k fvaxzth vqxekokapwu vk{ksikgZ dk; vkgs\ rs
Eg.krkr] eqlyekuh kCn ejkBh O;kdj.kkps fu;e eqdkVk;us ikGrkr Eg.kwu rs Bsokosr- i.k ejkBh
O;kdj.kkps fu;e fvaxzth kCnkadMwu ikGowu ?ks.;kr rj ejkBh yksd&fokskr% lqfkf{kr egkjkVh;
vkSjaxtsckP;k f>f>;k olwy dj.;kP;k dMsosi.kklgh ekxs Vkd.kkjs vkgsr! ^cznjyk Hk;adj QhOgj p<Y;kps
ysVj vkY;kus vkrk VqMsP;k VqMs ckWcs xkByhp ikfgts!* vkk ksdMks okD;kr vls gw dk pw u djrk
fgaL=krys fgaL= ksdMks fvaxzth kCn xHkZxGhr gksvwu ejkBh O;kdj.kkps fiat;kr vqHks vlysys izR;gh
fnlwu ;srkr ex R;koj dk cfgdkj ?kkyk\ ^eqlyekuh kCnkal ejkBh foHkh izR;; cjsp tqGrkr- ojhy
^lkgsc* vkf.k ^lj* kaukp fopk:- lkgsckis{kk ^lj*p vf/kd ljG fnlrks- ^ljyk fopkj* ^ljuh ekjys*]
^ljkapk vqinsk* gh okD;s rj ygku eqysns[khy jk=afnol /kksdhr vlrkr- ^lj*yk eqys HkfDriwoZd foHkDrh
ykorkr rj ^okfvQ*yk eksBh ek.kls ykorkr- ^okfvQ* gk kCn rj ejkBh foHkDrhl] vxnh okfvQ
gLCkaMP;k vkKsl ikGrs frrD;k HkDrhus fkjks/kk;Z djrks- okfvQyk] okfvQus] okfvQkh ;k loZ
foHkDrhizR;;kakh okfvQps lwr vxnh rarksrar teysys fnlrs- ex T;kaP;k rksaMh gh okD;s usgeh ;srkr
R;kauh ejkBh O;kdj.kkps fucZa/k fuewVi.ks ikG.kk;k ;k fcpk;k fvaxzth kCnkaph gdkyih dk; Eg.kwu
djkoh\ vusd eqlyekuh kCnkaekxs fvfrgkl vkgs] rs dVkus izkIr >kysys vkgsr- i.k ex R;kauk
cfgdkj ?kky.;klkBh vqi;ksftysys ^vqifLFkrh* ^fufprh* ^izfreksy* fvR;knh kCngh dkgh
jkuikY;kleosr vqMr vkysys ukghr ! jkTkO;ogkjdkskkP;k ikBhkh rj jktkJ;kpk fvfrgkl vkf.k vsdk
jktfu;qDr fo}UeaMGkps dV vkgsr! ?kjknkjkr ?kqlysys eqlyekuh kCn dk<wu Vkd.ks Qkjp vo?kM vkgs
Eg.kwu lkax.kk;k Jh- dksYgVdjp vls ck.ksnkj vqkj nsrkr dh] rs vo?kM dkegh vsd vo; drZO;
Eg.kwu ikj ikMysp ikfgts- pkyw fi<hrhy izR;sd ejkBh HkkksP;k vfHkekU;kus ejkBh laHkkk.kkar fvaxzthoj
iw.kZ cfgdkj ?kky.;kpk fu/kkZj dsyk ikfgts- nj fvaxzth kCnkekxs vsd fnol lDretqjhph fk{kk Bsoyh
vlrh rj vlk fu/kkZj dj.;kps dkj.kp iMys ulrs! vxnh [kjs- R;kr vf/kd fvrdsp lkaxko;kps dh]

vlk dMd fu/kkZj dsyk dh fvaxzth kCnkaiek.ksp eqlyekuh kCngh ejkBhrwu cfgr djrk ;s.ks vo?kM
vlys rjh frrdsp kD; vkgs;k fojks/kkps ewG dkj.k nwfkr lao;
Jh- dksYgVdjakP;k fi<hl fvaxzth kCn u okijrk ejkBh] laHkkk.kkr tjh ulyh rjh ys[kkr vkf.k
O;k[;kukr] fyfg.;kph lo; >kyh vkgs- Eg.kwu R;kl fvaxzth kCnkoj dMd cfgdkj ?kky.;kph
kD;rk iVrs&vkf.k R;k n`Vhus R;kuh ygkui.kkiklwu fopkjgh dsysyk vlrks- ijarq vqnwZ kCnkalgh ejkBhr
fudkj.k fk: ns.ks gs fvaxzth kCn fk: ns.;kfvrdsp viekukLin fdaok gkfudkjd vkgs- gh Hkkouk
iskokvh esY;kiklwu vkiY;k fvdMs toGtoG esY;klkj[khp >kyh vlY;kus & uOgs vyhdMs vyhdMs
vqnwZ kCn ukgh rsFkwu pks:u vk.kwu ejkBhr fudkj.k nMi.ks Eg.kts vsd eksBs krr gks;] vkh vR;ar
?k`.kkLin letwr uofkD;k ys[kdkaph >kY;kus& vkf.k R;keqGs k fi<hP;k ys[k.;k vqnwZ kCnkapk vqi;ksx
dj.;kl vxnh lodY;k vlY;keqGs ^vqnwZ kCngh cfgdk;Zp gksr* gk egkjkVkP;k vfHkekuh nsorsP;k
tqU;k xtZuspk izfr/ouh vkeP;k Hkkkkkq/nhP;k :ikus uO;kus vqBw ykxrkp R;k ys[k.;kauk izfrinh vxnh
dkojsckojs >kY;klkj[ks gksvw ykxys- vkf.k Eg.kwup fvaxzth kCn cfgdkjkl vuqdwy vlysys yksd vqnwZps
uko fu?krkp vki.k fujLr dsysys vk{ksi vki.kp ?ksvw ykxrkrvkeph vkh fufprh vkgs dh] tj Jh- dksYgVdj vkeps ejkBh kq/nhdj.kkps iqLrd
vsdokj&vkf.k iwohZ okpysp vlsy rj iqUgk vsdnk&y{kiwoZd okprhy rj R;kal fvaxzth Hkkksrhy
kCnkaizek.ksp vqnwZ kCngh vkiY;k Hkkksr fudkj.k ?kqlMw ns.ks yTTkkLin vkgs vls okVw ykxys- vkf.k
R;koj cfgdkj ?kky.ks gs dke fvaxzth kCnkaizek.ksp vo?kM vlys rjh vkD; ukgh vls vk<Gwu
;svhy- dkj.k Jh- dksYgVdj ;kal fonskh cfgdkj ?kkykok ;k vkeP;k erkph :ijs[kkp uhV letyh
ukgh- Eg.kwup rs xqykc fdaok ftYgk ;k kCnkalgh cfgdkj ?kkykok dk Eg.kwu vkEgkal fopkjrkr- vkEgh
R;kaP;k /;kukr ;kos Eg.kwu &fonskh kCn R;kxkpk [kjk vFkZ FkksMD;kr [kkyh lkaxr vkgks- ejkBh Hkkksr
ts tqus fdaok uos fonskh kCn&ex rs fvaxzth vlksr fdaok vqnwZ vlksr fdaok vk.k[kh dks.kR;k vfganw
Hkkksrhy kCn vlksr &?kqlysys vlrhy R;kl kD; rksoj dk<wu Vkdwu R;kBk;h laLrkfnd fganw
Hkkkkla?kkrhy Eg.kts dkuMh] rsyxw fvR;kfn Hkkkkarhygh Lonskh kCnkapk vqi;ksx djkok;kouh dk; fadaok fvaxzth dk;&fonskh vlk kCnp LoHkkksr Bsoko;kpk ukgh vls vkEgh dsOgkgh
izfrikfnr ukgh- Eg.kwu Jh- dksYgVdj ;kaps cgqrsd vk{ksi vkiksvkip fujlu gksrkr- rs vkeP;k pGoGhl
fo:/n ukghr fvrdsp uOgs rj dkgh vakh vuqdwy vkgsrgtj kCnkl vqifLFkr] dk;nseaMG ;k kCnkl fof/keaMG] [kk=h kCnkl fufprh vkf.k gokeku
kCnkl ok;qeku gs kCn tj ejkBhr izpfyr >kys rj ejkBhps vifjfer uqdlku gks.kkj vkgs] vls JhdksYgVdj ;kauk [kjks[kjp dk okVr vkgs\ rj ex eksVkj xksMhl ^/kwjxkMh* Eg.k.;kusgh rh vifjfer gkuh
gks.kkj ukgh dk\ tj vki.k fopkjky dh ;k kCnkl gs uos izfrkCn :< gk.ks kD; vkgs dk;\ rj R;kps
vqkj gs vkgs dh] rs rls :< gksr pkyysp vkgsr- vsd&nksu okkZP;k pGoGhr rs kCn vkf.k rls

^gqrkRek*] ^ekad*] LraHk dkWye] fufprh* vls toGtoG kaHkj vsd uohu kCn LoHkkksr Hkj iMys
vkgsr vkf.k egkjkVkr izpfyr ulys rjh ifjfpr >kysys vkgsrvkEgh kD; rks Lonskh kCn ;kstw( vo; vlsy rsFks fonskh kCn ?ksvw] vkD; vlys rsFks rks
jkgwgh nsvw( i.k kD; rksoj iz;Ru vlk d: dh] ejkBhl fdaok dks.kR;kgh fganwHkkkkla?kkrhy Hkkksr vfganw
Hkkksrhy fonskh kCn fudkj.k ?kqlyk u tkok] vqjyk u tkok- vqksftr
gksvwu ys[kkr vkf.k laHkkk.kkr fonskh kCnkiklwu kD; rks vdyafdr vkh Hkkkk cksyw ykxys vkgsr]
fygw ykxys vkgsr- Jh- dksYgVdjgh fui{kikrhi.ks fopkj djrk djrk Eg.krkr %&
fonskh kCnkafo:/nphgh eksghegh vxnhp fujFkZd Bjyh vls ukgh- dkj.k vfydMs ejkBh x|kr
fu i|kr eqlyekuh kCnkl th cslqekj Hkjrh vkyh gksrh fryk R;k kq/nh eksfgespk vqn; >kY;kiklwu
vksgksVh ykxY;kph LiV fpUgs fnlw ykxyh vkgsr----- Hkkksrwu eqlyekuh kCnkl v/kZpanz feGkyk ukgh rjh
Hkkksr vqi;qDr kCnkaph Hkj iMY;kokpwu jkg.kkj ukgh-
vkrk R;kaP;k Hkkkk.kkr dksYgVdjkaph dkgh okD;s th Hkkkkkq/nhP;k vqyV Hkklrkr- rh rs
vso<;klkBhp lgt cksywu xsys dh vki.k fonskh cfgdkjkl iw.kZi.ks vuqdwy vkgksr gh xksV R;kaph
R;kaP;kp uhVi.ks /;kukr vkyh ukgh-

. iapokfkZd lekykspu
(vkiY;k LFkkuc/nrsP;k dkGkr jRukfxjh ;sFks vlrkuk Lok- ohj lkojdjkauh th Hkkkkkqhph pGoG iq<s
pkyw dsyh R;kpk ikap okkZpk vk<kok ?ks.kkjk ys[k ^dsljh*e/;s pkj ys[kkadkr fn- 16 es 1931 iklwu fn2&6&31 i;ZarP;k vadkrwu izfl/n dj.;kr vkyk gksrk-)
toGtoG lgk&lkr okkZiwoh ejkBh Hkkksr iwohZ vkf.k l/;kP;k EysaPN jktoVhr ?kqlysys vkf.k
?kqlr vl.kkjs fonskh kCn kD;rks cfgd`r d:u vkf.k cfgdk;Z ekuwu fokskr% vqnwZ fdaok fvaxzth
kCnkauh vkiY;k Hkkksrwu gqldwu fnysY;k fdaok uVizk; dsysY;k vkiY;k Lodh; kCnkaps iqu:Tthou
djkos vkf.k ;kiq<s rjh vkiyk Lodh; kCn vlrkgh fonskh kCn fudkj.k okij.;kph [kksM vki.k
lokZauh lksMwu |koh ;k gsrwus ejkBh HkkksP;k kq/nhdj.kkph pGoG la?kfVri.ks gkrkr ?ks.;kr vkyh;kfok;h ^dsljh*r izfl/n >kysY;k ys[kkuarj] izpfyr :<hP;k ;ksX; vlks ok v;ksX; ijarq fo:/n
tk.kk;k dks.kR;kgh pGoghizek.ksp ;k Hkkkkkq/nhP;k pGoGhojgh fopkjh vkf.k vfopkjh vkk vk{ksikaps]
kadkaps vkf.k osGh fkO;kapsgh eksBs dkgwj vqBys- R;krhy dkghaps lek/kku ^dsljh*r nqljh vsd ys[kekyk
fygwu dsys- ijarq orZekui=karhy ys[k QqVdGi.ks izfl/n gks.ks vifjgk;Z vkf.k vkk QqVdG ys[kkrhy
dks.krk rjh Hkkx okpY;kusp vkf.k R;k ys[kekyspk lexz vH;kl u dsY;kusp cgqrsd Vhdkdkjkaps lak;
vqRik >kysys vkgsr vls okVY;keqGs rh ys[kekyk dsljhdkjkaP;k vuqKsus ^ejkBh Hkkksps kq/nhdj.k* ;k
Lora= iqLrdkr FkksMh Hkj ?kkywu lexz Nkiwu izfl/n dsyh vkf.k R;kT; fonskh kCnkapk vsd fnXnkZukiqjrk
y?kqdksk ;k iqLrdkl tksMYkk- ;sFks ;k pGoGhps lwr & vqokp laiys( R;kl vkt ikp oksZ gksvwu xsyhrFkkfi dks.kR;kgh vfHky{k.kh; ijarq Qkj fu<kZoysY;k :<hps fo:/n vl.kk;k lq/kkj.ksl] vqMowu
vk.k.;kph eq[; xq:fdYyh frps rkfRod poZ.k djhr Qkj osG u clrk fryk rkRdkG vkpj.kkr vk.kwu
lksM.ks ghp vlrs- fdR;sd kadk rh lq/kkj.kk vkpj.kkr vk.kwu frps okaNuh; QG izR;{k gkrkr
fnY;kokpwu uqlR;k rkfpd fdaok okfpd vqgkiksgkus dsOgkgh fQV.kk;k ulrkr- vsdk|k uO;k QGkpsp
vqnkgj.k ikgk- rs uos QG xksM dh dMw] fgrdkjd dh vfgrdkjd] jlkG dh :{k gk okn rs QG izR;{k
u pk[krk dsoG leksj Bsowu fdaok fp=kr vk[kwu ppkZ djhr clY;kus lglk lqV.kkj ukgh- i.k R;kpk
iz;ksx djrkp] rs pk[kwu ikgrkp rks okn fdrhrjh pVdu~ feVw kdrks- kLro] Hkkkkkq/nhP;k pGoGhus
ejkBh Hkkksoj eksBh vkikh dkslGsy fvrD;k onZGhoj vkysY;k vk{ksikaps lek/kku rh Hkkkkkq/nh vakr%
rjh izR;{k ?kMowu vk.kwu vkp:u nk[kowu frps lqifj.kke dk; rs T;kaps R;kapsiq<s vizR;{ki.ks ekaM.ks
izFkeP;k rkfRod vkf.k okfpd oknkapk ksoVpk fu.kZ; yko.;kpk Js;Ldj ekXkZ gks;] vls tk.kwu vkEgh
ikp okkZiwohZ rs Lora= iqLrd izfl/n dsY;kuarj Hkkkkkq/nhpk izR;{k iz;ksx izeq[kr% ^J/nkuan* i=krwu pkyw
dsyk- ;k i=kP;k ifgY;k vadkiklwu rks vkWfMZuUlus rs i= xsY;kokhZ can iMsrks laiknd egkk; MkWlkojdj ;ktiklwu rks ys[kdkai;Zar lokZauh rhr fudkj.k ?kqlYksY;k vqnwZ] fvafXykizHk`rh fonskh kCnkaiklwu
kD;rks vdyafyr vkhp ejkBh Hkkkk okij.;kps czhn ;Fkklk/; ikGwu nk[kfoys- nj vkBoM;kP;k
vkBoM;kl egkjkVHkj k i=krwu vqnwZ kCnkauh yqIr ok yqIrizk; dsysys vkiys vusd Lodh; tqus vkf.k

Nku kCn iqu%izpfyr gksvw ykxys- Hkkfkd ij/kkftZ.ksi.kkus Lodh; dks.k vkf.k ijdh; dks.k ;kph tk.kho
ns[khy th uV >kyh gksrh rh iqu%vqRik d:u kCn ikfgyk dh gk Lonskh dh fonskh] vqnwZ] fvafXyk
dh fganoh\ vlk izu iVdu eukps eukl dj.;kph pVd ys[kdkl vkf.k okpdkl ykowu lksMyh]
kkGkarwu vkf.k ?kjkarwu ck;dkeqykai;Zar gk kCn fonskh dh nskh ;kph ppkZ vkf.k kCnkaP;k pqD;kaph
/kjidM gk ^HksaM;k*lkj[kk vsd xaerhpk vkf.k vqn~cks/kd [ksG d:u lksMykdksBwu rjh vsdnk ckVxk vqnwZ kCn vk.kwu rks ys[kkr ok dforsr nMiwu ns.ks Eg.kts kkfgjh
dforspk ijeksRdkZ gks; vkk vxnh for letqrhi;Zar ;k vka/kG;k ij/kkftZ.ksi.kkpk tks VIik xsysyk
gksrk] R;kps Mksg;kr pjpjhr vatu ?kkrys tkvwu vqnwZ kCn Hkkksr fudkj.k ?kqlM.ks gs Hkkkknkfj;kps
|ksrd vkgs] gk nksk vkgs] vls yksd:phl fgrkog oG.k iqdG vakkus ykxw ykxys vkf.k Hkkkkkq/nhP;k
pgoGhus HkkksP;k kCnlaikhps fnokGs fu?kwu eksBs vfjV dkslGsy Eg.kwu vusd izekf.kr vk{ksidkalgh
th Hkhrh izFkenkZuh okVyh frpk vuk;klsp fujkl gksvwu izR;{k vuqHkokarh Hkkksph kCn&laikh vqyV
ok<ysyh fnlw ykxyh- vusd teZu&flYOgjh fdaok cukoVh foyk;rh uk.kh Qsdyh- i.k R;kaps Bk;h kq/n
ckoudkh lksU;kP;k vkf.k tkfroar :I;kP;k uk.;kaph HkkksP;k HkkaMkjkr lkj[kh Hkj iMr vkgs^J/nkuan* gs Hkkkkkq/nhP;k vkf.k fyihkq/nhP;k pGoGhps eq[ki= gksrs- vFkkZr~ vkWfMZuUlus rs can
iMY;kiklwu R;k vo/khr ;k fok;kph ikGseqGs fvrdh [kksy vkf.k vkk lqfid Hkwehr usvwu :tfoyh
vkf.k cGkfoyh vkgsr dh vlY;k vsdV;k nqdV;k ekG;kP;k jk[k.khokapwugh gk o`{k vkiY;k Lor%P;kp
thoukDrhP;k cGkoj txw kdkok] HkjHkjkVw kdkok- dkj.k ekxs vqYysf[kysys Hkkkkkq/nhps ewG iqLrd
izfl/n gksvwu ;k pGoGhps lwrvqokp gksrkr xsY;k ikp okkZr Hkkkkkq/nhPkk vfHkeku /kj.kkjk vkf.k rh
vkpj.kkr vk.kwu lksM.kkjk vlk vsd la?kfVr oxZ ygku eksB;k izek.kkr egkjkVkrhy cgqrsd egRokP;k
uxjkrwu vqRik >kysyk vkgs- elwjP;k czp;kZJeklkj[kh laLFkk Hkkkkkq/nhPkh lf; vfHkekuh vkgs- rsFkhy
izpkjdkaP;k O;k[;kukrwu vkf.k fokskr% R;kaP;k nklcks/k ekfldkrwu fudkj.k fonskh vlk kCn ex rks
tquk vqnwZ vlks ok uohu fvafXyk vlks lglk vk<Gr ukghnklcks/k gs ekfld J/nkuankizek.ksp Hkkkkkq/nhpk vsd vsdfuB izpkjd vkgs- R;k vkJekps orhus
NkiysY;k vusd xzaFkkarwugh fonskh kCnLikkZiklwu foeqDr dsysyh vkh lksToy] kq/n vkf.k lrst
ejkBhp ;kstysyh vlrs- vkeP;k /keZihBkps rj gs foksk drZO; vkgs dh] R;kauh vkiY;k fy[kk.kkrwu
vuko;d vkk ekxs EysaPN jktoVhr ?kqlysY;k] fonskh kCnkaps lkQ vqP;kVu d:u rnkZd vl.kk;k
vkiY;k tqU;k vkf.k uO;k Lodh; kCnkapkp izlkj djkok- egkHkkjrkP;k Hkkkkarjkr fdaok R;k
dFkkudkojhy ukVdkr tsOgk vkh Hkkkk ?kky.;kr ;srs dh] rsOgk njckjLFk nq;ksZ/ku vqBwu /k`rjkVkl
Eg.kkyk] ^ckcklkgsc![kqnkP;k esgjckuhus vkt gk Mko eh ftadyk- /kekZps rdnhj QqVys- vkrk ;k nqeukauk
eh usLrukcwn d:u Vkdhu ! cLl vkrk njckj cj[kkLr djkok !!* rsOgk rks v{kE; ew[kZi.kk vlrks(
rlkp vkeP;k /keZihBkP;k ifo= vkKki=krwu vkf.k fy[kk.kkrwu ^fulcr*] ^t:j* ^dk;ns&iafMr*]
^rgkg;kr*] ^rgdwc* fdaok R;kpk Hkkvw ^csodwc fvR;knh kCn vkpk;ZihBkP;k ejkBh fy[kk.kkr okijys
tk.ks ykftjok.ks vkgs- k n`Vhus igkrk vfydMsp izfl/n >kysY;k Jhkadjkpk;Z MkWDVj dqrZdksVhP;k dsljh

laLFksl fnysY;k vkfkokZnkph Hkkkk vkeP;k loZ /keZihBkauk fdrh vuqdj.kh; vkgs! ^dsljhizcks/kk*r fnysY;k
R;k vqH;k Nsndkarhy fopkjkizek.ks R;kauk O;Dr dj.kkjh Hkkkkgh vkeP;k iqjkru laLrhrhy vqnkk vkf.k
vqke rs rs laj{k.k dj.;kps T;kaps vk| drZO; R;k vkpk;Z ihBkyk kksHkrs [kjh] R;k vqH;k PNsndkr uok
ok tquk dks.krkgh EysaPN kCn fudkj.k u vkY;kus rh Hkkkk iaxw ok nfjh >kysyh ulwu vqyV fdrh
Jqfrlq[kn] laik vkf.k lqlaLr Hkklr vkgs- vkpk;Z ;kiq<sgh funku vkiY;k fy[kk.kkr rjh /keZHkkLdj
elqjdjkizek.ksp vuko;d fu fudkj.k vkk EysaPN kCnkaP;k laidkZiklwu vkiY;k ^focq/kHkkksr* eqDr
dj.;kP;k k foN=irhuhp vkjafHkysY;k dk;kZpk ;Fkklk/; iqjLdkj djrhy vkh vkEgkl vkkk vkgsla?kVu&izpkjdkaiSdh Jh- ikapysxkodj egkjktgh Hkkkkkq/nhps vfHkekuh vlwu vqnwZ ok fvaxzth kCn
kD;rks vkiY;k cksy.;kar VkG.;kpk vkf.k fvrjkadMwu VkGfo.;kpk ;Ru] rls djrkuk FkksMk =kl iMyk
rjh lgu d:u djhr vlrkr- Kkunsoh ekfldkrhy ys[kkrgh vFkiklwu fvfri;Zar vxnh izfrKkiwoZd
Hkkkkkq/nhps ozr vafxdkjysys vlrs- R;kps laiknd Jh;qr vkBoys gs ;k fok;kps vxnh ifgY;kiklwups
vfHkekuh- tqus vqnwZ fdaok uos fvafXyk kCn cfgr djrkuk R;k Bk;h vxnh BkdBhd vlk Lodh;
kCn ;kokpwu fp=dkj vkf.k fyih lakks/kd nso/kjkalkj[ks vk.k[kh vusd ys[kd fyfg.;kr vkf.k cksy.;kr
Hkkkkkq/nhps ozr vsdfuBi.ks ikGhr vlrkr- jRukfxjh fganwlHkk rj izFkeiklwup vkiys loZ foLr`r
fy[kk.k vkf.k eqnz.k kq/n Hkkksrp izfl/n djrs- fvrjgh dkgh fganwlHkk vkf.k laLFkk Hkkkkkq/nhdMs FkksMsQkj
y{k iqjforkrvkEgh vkf.k vkeP;k ca/kq};kus rj tUeBsi] eyk dk; R;kps] ohjcSjkxh] xksekard dkO;] vq%kki]
fganqiniknkkgh] usikG izHk`fr fyfgysY;k >kMwu lk;k ygku eksB;k xzaFkkr Hkkkkkq/nhpkp voyac dsykfvrdsp uOgs rj ejkBhrhy vkeP;k loZ O;k[;kukarwu] i=O;ogkjkrwu laoknkrwu vkf.k izR;ghP;k
pkypykvw cksy.;krwu xsY;k ikp&ngk OkkkZr vqnwZ o fvafXyk kCn vlk u ;svw ns.;kpk ijkdkBspk
iz;Ru djhr vkyks- vkeP;kizek.ks izR;ghP;k cksy.;krgh vqnwZ ok fvaxzth kCn fudkj.k u okij.;kps czhn
izR;{k vkpj.kkr vxnh dji.ks ikGhr vlysY;k ksdMks r:.k vkf.k izkS< L=hiq:kkaph vqnkgj.ks vkEgkal
ekghr vkgsrHkkkkkq/nhph pGoG ikp okkZiwohZ izFke gkrh ?ksryh] rsOgk frps leFkZd gkrkP;k cksVkojgh
ekst.;kfvrds fu?kkys ukghr- i.k rh lq/kkj.kk izR;{k vkpj.kkr vk.krkp] ts izkekf.kd vk{ksid gksrs rs
rhl vuwdwy gksr pkyys vkf.k oj lkafxrY;kizek.ks ftdMs frdMs frpk fvrdk xkSjo fu xktoktk >kyk
dh] lkfgR; laesyukP;k v/;{kkekxwu v/;{kkl izkeq[;kus R;k lq/kkj.kspk vqYys[k vkf.k ppkZ dj.ks
vifjgk;Z gksvwu clys- oj vqYysf[kysY;k izkef.kd vk{ksidkaiSdh iq.;kP;k lu 1927 P;k laesyukps
v/;{k Jh-Jhikn .k dksYgVdj ;kauh ;k pGoGhpk v/kkZ Hkkx tks fvafXyk kCnkaps vqPpkV.k R;kpk
vR;ar vfHkekuiwoZd iqjLdkj dsyk vkf.k nqljk Hkkx tks vqnwZ kCnkaps vqPpkV.k R;kfok;h R;kaph R;kosGh
iw.kZ vuqdwyrk ulrkgh fu%i{kikri.ks ekuys dh] ^fonskh kCnkafo:/nph eksghe vxnhp fujFkZd Bjyh vls
ukgh- dkj.k vfydMs ejkBh x|kr vkf.k i|kr eqlyekuh kCnkal th cslqekj Hkjrh vkyh gksrh] fryk
R;k eksfgespk vqn; >kY;kiklwu vksgksVh ykx.;kph LiV fpUgs fnlw ykxyh vkgsr- ejkBh kCnkarwu

eqlyekuh kCnkal v/kZpanz feGkyk ukgh rjh Hkkksr vqi;qDr kCnkaph Hkj IkMY;kokpwu jkg.kkj ukgh- JhdksYgVdjkauh vqnwZ kCnkafo:/nP;k ;k p<kvhfok;h ts vk{ksi R;k Hkkkk.kkr ?ksrys] R;kapsgh lek/kku
^J/nkuankus 16twu 1927 P;k vkiY;k ys[kkr dsys- vkf.k R;keqGs vkiys er vuko;d vqnwZ kCnkaP;k
cfgdkjklgh iw.kZ vuqdwy >kys vkgs vls Jh- dksYgVdjkauh vsdk O;k[;kukr lkaxwu Lor% Fkkacwu Fkkacwu
Lonskh kCn ;ksthr vqnwZ kCn Hkkk.kkr u ;svw ns.;kpk ;Rugh R;kp izlaxh izdVi.ks dsykR;k iq<ps lkfgR; laesyu csGxko ;sFks 1928 O;k okhZ >kys- R;krgh R;k laesyukps v/;{k
lqizfl/n ^dkG* drsZ nskHkDr fkojkeiar ijkatis ;kauhgh k Hkkkkkq/nhP;k vkanksyukfok;h EgVys dh]
vkiY;k Hkkksr felG.kkjs eqlyekuh vkf.k fvaxzth kCn vkiY;k Hkkksojgh vkiY;k izLrqrP;k jktdh;
ikjra;kP;k Nki fuR;kpk ek:u Bsorkr R;keqGs gs kCn vki.kkl nq%lg gksrkr] gs dkgh [kksVs uOgs- vki.k
O;k[;kukrwu Bhd vkgs i= O;ogkjkrwu fdacgquk vkiY;k ?kjkrhy cksy.;krwulq/nk fvaxzth kCn vfrk;
okijrks- ;k vq}std fLFkrhus vR;ar vqf}xz gksvwu dS- jktokMs ;kauh ;k fvaxzth tks[kMk[kkyh vkf.k
tqyek[kkyh ejkBh ejsy ns[khy vkh ^vfrLusg%ikiadh* k n`Vhus Hkhrh iznfkZr dsyh- R;kpizek.ks ts
eqlyekukalgh lkj[;kp jhrhus HkjMwu dk<.kk;k fcdV jktdh; ifjfLFkrhr fganwkh lgdk;Z djhr ukghr]
R;kaps eqlyekuh kCngh vkiY;k Hkkksr dkkyk ikfgtsr vkk n`Vhuh nskHkDr lkojdj fu fvrj dkgh
yksd fvaxzthcjkscj eqlyekuh kCnkapsgh vkiY;k Hkkksrwu vqPpkV.k d:u Vkd.;kpk vq|ksx djhr vkgsr;qjksikarhy fLoR>yWM] fvVyh ;koj vsdsdkGh vkWfLV;kps jkT; pkyw gksrs- R;k ijdh; jkT;kps tks[kM
>qxk:u nsvwu Lor%ph Lora=rk tsOgk izLFkkfir dj.;kpk R;kojhy nksu nskkarhy dkgh laLFkkfudkauh iz;Ru
vkjafHkyk] rsOgk R;kauhgh vkiY;kojhy tqyeh jkT;kP;k Hkksrhy kCn vkiY;k dkskkrwu dk<wu Vkd.;kl
vkhp lq:okr dsyh- xzhd yksd 1525 lkyh VdhZP;k tqyekrwu lqV.;klkBh /kMiMw ykxys] rsOgk
R;kauhgh VfdZk kCnkauk v/kZpa ns.;kpk vqie pkyfoyk- gYyhlq/nk teZu yksd sp Hkkkspk fvrdk
frVdkjk djrkr dh] vkiys vqkj sap euq;kl letks u letks rs sapkakh teZu Hkkksfouk d/khgh cksyr
ukghr- rsOgk ikjra;kP;k frVdk;kP;k n`Vhus fooukFkiar jktokMs ;kaph dkGth vkf.k fouk;djko ;kaph
vq|ksxkhyrk y{kkr ?ks.;klkj[kh ukgh vls dks.k Eg.ksy ! nskHkDr ^dkG*drsZ ;kauh ts nksu pkj
vk{ksigh ?ksrys vkgsr] R;kpk fopkj iq<s gks.kkjp vkgs;kiq<sp lkfgR; laesyu xksO;kl lu 1930 yk izk- ok- e- tkskh ;kaps v/;{krs[kkyh Hkjys- R;kauh
vkiY;k Hkkk.kkr Hkkkkkq/nhPkk vqYys[k d:u ejkBh &Qkjkh kCnkaPkk gkL;kLin ladj gk nksk vkgs vls
ctkowu Jh- dksYgVdjkaP;k erkizek.ksp vkiys er vlY;kps lkafxrys- vFkkZr dksYgVdjkaP;k oj vqn~/k`r
dsysY;k Nsndkizek.ks ;k vkanksyukpk lqifj.kke c;kp vakh R;kl ekU; vlykp ikfgts- R;kauh ?ksrysY;k
vk{ksikapkgh fopkj iq<s d:Hkkkkkq/nhLro xsY;k ikp okkZr ts lf; iz;Ru dj.;kr vkys vkf.k frpk tks izpkj >kykR;kP;k ;k =ksVd lekykspuko:u fvrds rjh LiV gksr vkgs dh] Hkkkkkq/nhP;k vkanksyukeqGs ejkBhoj
eksBs vfjV dkslGsy gh iwohZph iqdG t.kkaph Hkhrh ikj ukghkh gksvwu vqyV vkiY;k Hkkksl vkf.k
vkiY;k LokfHkekukl vf/kd ikskd gks.;kpk frpk lqifj.kkep vf/kd laHkouh; vkgs] vkh vkrk lkfgR;

laesyukP;k v/;{kkaiklwu rks kkGkdkWystkaP;k fo|kF;kZi;Zar cgqrsdkaph fufprh gksr vkyh vkgs- vkrk
laesyuk/;{kkaps oj vqYysf[kysys vkf.k fvrjgh ts vk{ksi vtwugh e/kwue/kwu Mksds oj dk<rkr R;krgh
ksdMk 90 rjh Hkkkkkq/nhP;k ewG gsrwps] e;kZnsps vkf.k fu;ekaps uhVls Kku gksrkp vkiksvki fujLr
gks.;klkj[ks vkgsr- rsOgk R;kl Lora= vqkj nsr u clrk Hkkkkkq/nhps Lo:Ik vxnh lw=e; jhrhus ;sFks iqu%
vsdk lkafxrys vlrk R;kaps lek/kku vkiksvkip gksvhy] vls tk.kwu rso<s Lo:i ;sFks nsvwHkkkkkq/nhP;k eq[; vqskkaps vkf.k e;kZnsps lkj vkEgh lu 1926 P;k okhZp izfl/n dsys- R;k
iqLrdkr ifgY;kp ikukoj ladfyri.ks ts fnysys vkgs R;kpk HkkokFkZ gkp dh&
1 vkiys rnFkZd tqus vqke kCn vlrkgh R;k tqU;k kCnkl yqIr d:u Vkd.;k;k fdaok R;k
uO;kaph ukdscanh dj.kk;k vkf.k Eg.kwup vxnh vuko;d vl.kk;k fonskh kCnkl] ex rs vqnwZ vlksr]
ok fvafXyk vlksr ok fvrj dks.krsgh vlksr] LoHkkksr fudkj.k oko: nsvw u;s- vkiyk Lodh; kCn
ukeksk d:u fonskh kCn cksdkGw ns.ks gk dkgh kCnlaikh ok<fo.;kpk ekXkZ uOgs vkf.k vkSjl eqykaph
dky d:u eqyxk nkd ?ksr lqV.ks gk dkgh oakfoLrkjkpk ekXkZ uOgs vqnkgj.kkFkZ yksdlHkk] fof/keaMG]
iztklHkk fvR;knh kCn vlrk XokYgsjizek.ks etfyl&vh&vke ;k kCnkl doVkG.ks gk ew[kZi.kk gks;-
2 ijarq T;k oLrw iwohZ vkiY;kr uOgR;k fdaok T;kauk vkiys frrdsls lqVlqVhr izfrkCn fuekZ.k
dj.ks lqyHk ukgh vkk oLrwaph ok inkFkkZph ukos fonskh fokskukekizek.ks fonskh kCnkauhp O;Dr dj.;kl
izR;ok; ukgh- vkk fonskh kCnkauh ek= Lodh;kCnlaikh ok<rs [kjhp- tls xqykc] dksV] lnjk] cwV]
dkWyj] LVksOg] isfUly] LVhej fvR;knh- ijarq R;klgh tj dks.kh vs[kknk Lodh; izfrkCn dk<yk] rj
oSdfYidi.ks rksgh okijY;kll izR;ok; ukgh- LVhejyk dks.kh vkxuko fdaok dksd.kkr Eg.krkr rlk
^okQj* gk kCn izpkjkr vk.kyk rj R;kr jkxko.;kps dk; dkj.k\
3 Hkkkkkq/nhpsp uOgs rj loZ lq/kkj.kkapsp eeZ vls vlkos dh] Lodh; laLrhr ts vqke]
dk;Z{ke ok fgrdkjd vkgs R;kpk fudkj.k R;kx d: u;s vkf.k fonskh laLrhrhy vkiY;kr ukgh vls
ts vqke] ts dk;Z{ke vkf.k ts fgrdkjd rs ldkj.k Lohdkj.;kl dp: u;s;k lekykspukP;k iwokZ/kkZps ksoVh Hkkkkkq/nhP;k fu;ekaph vkf.k e;kZnkaph th =ksVd :ijskk fnyh]
rh uhV y{kkr ?ksrk ;k pGoGhoj iwohZ ?ksrys xsysys vkf.k vtwugh frP;k Lo:ikP;k v/kZoV KkukeqGs
?ks.;kr ;sr vlysys cgqrsd vk{ksi vkiksvkip xGwu iMrkr] gs lgtp fnlwu ;svhy- ;kojgh tj
dks.kkl rh pGoG dkgh dkj.kkdfjrk vk{ksikgZ okVsy rj R;kauh izFker% vkeps ^Hkkkkkq/nhdj.k* gs
Lora=i.ks izfl/n >kysys iqLrd vo; okpkos- dkj.k R;kr k loZ vk{ksikaps iwohZp fujlu dsysys vkgsk lekykspukrY;k vk{ksikph rhp rh vqkjs ns.;kph iqu:Drh djhr cl.;kpk eqGhp gsrw ukgh vkf.k
R;kph vko;drkgh ukgh- xsY;k ikp okkZar k pGoGheqGs vkiY;k Hkkksps ok<ysys kCncG vkf.k
vkRefookl gkp k pGoGhps fgrdkjdRo fl/n dj.;kpk v[kaMuh; izR;{k iqjkok vkgs- vkf.k Eg.kwup
frP;k k lqifj.kkekaps ladfyr fnXnkZu dj.;kiqjrsp vkf.k >kysY;k dk;kZpk vk<kok dk<wu iq<s rsp
/kksj.k pkyfo.ks fdrh fgrdkjd vkgs rs nk[kfo.;klkBhp dk; rs gs lekykspu dsysys vkgs-

vkiY;k HkkksP;k k ok<ysY;k Lodh; kCncGhph lk/kkj.k dYiuk ;s.;klkBh ;k pGoGhP;k

izHkkokus vkf.k fokskr% J/nkuan i=kP;k }kjs ts ksdMks Lodh; uohu kCn ejkBhr fyfg.;kr vkf.k
cksy.;kr izpfyr fdaok funku ifjfpr rjh >kys] R;kaiSdh dkgh kCn FkksM;k LiVhdj.kklg nsr vkgks %
Ro;Z (urgent)fof/keaMG dk;ns dkSfUly fof/klferh ysftLysfVOg vlsaCyh- v/kksjsf[kr (underlined)
iqjLdkj] fy[kk.kkoG iqjLdkj (Honourarium,Remunertion) LraHk dkWye- vkuqkaxd MWk- fu{ksi
VLV] fooLr VLVh( tls &dsljh laLFkspk fu{ksi d:u R;kps fooLr eaMG use.;kr vkys- nSfudh]
vkfUgdh Mk;jh] ekad gk kCn vkeP;k T;sB ca/kwauh vanekukar lqpfoyk( uacj Nsnd iWfjxzkQ
Vkp.k] ckM Qkvhy- kqYd gk kCn fganh caxkyhr :< gksrk- Qh xzaFk&fosrk cqdlsyj lekl] dksj
ekftZu] gqrkRek gk kCn vanekukr vkEgkal lqpyk( ejkBhrwu rks vkrk fganh caxkyh] izHkwfr Hkkkkargh :<
>kyk vkgs- Martyr ;k fvafXyk fdaok ^kfgn* k vqnwZ kCnkagwugh vqnkkrj vFkZ ^gqr* ;k inkrhy
;K laLFksP;k /ouhus lwfpr gksrks- fganwHkkkkla?kkrhy vsd eksBh vq.kho k kCnkus nwj dsyh- izfro`k
fjiksVZ] f/kDdkj kse] lHkkarwu k kCnkpk vqi;ksx Ogkok- rksgh xtZukuqdwygh vkgs- dk;nskhj izek.ki=
lfVZfQdsV- vFkkZr vqQZ tls ek/kojko ukjk;.k vqQZ lokvh ek/kojko u Eg.krk ek/kojko ukjk;.k vFkkZr
lokvh ek/kojko Eg.kkos- fvPNqd vqesnokj] vqifLFkr vqifLFkfr fganh caxkyhr :< vkgsr- gtj]
gtsjh vuqifLFkrh xSjgtsjh- fucZa/k] uScZaf/kd] fucZa/k iafMr fvR;knh dk;nk] iqup (once more) ;k
kCnkpk ukVdx`gkrwu vqi;ksx Ogkok rksgh xtZukuqdwy vkgs dk;nsiafMr fvR;knh- dk;nk ;k kCnklkj[;k
lektkP;k ewG vk/kkjkP;k ewG vk/kkjkpkp Hkko iznfkZr dj.kk;k inkFkkZl vkepk Lodh; vsdgh kCn
vkt izpfyr ulkok] ;kgwu Hkkksph ijokrk rh dks.krh\ fonskh kCn Lodh; kCnkal vkewykr~ dls
ukeksk dfjrkr R;kps gs izR;arj igk ! T;k Hkkksr vkf.k T;k jkVkr ^rkfu /kekZf.k izFkekU;klu~* T;kr
txkrhy ifgY;krhy ifgys code rh /keZlw=s] R;k Le`rh jfpY;k xsY;k R;kauk vkrk fonskh kCnkokpwu
dk;|kph dYiuk O;Drfo.ks vkD; gksvwu xsys vkgs- lxGkp fganwHkkkkla?k ;k izdj.kh vsdtkr nfjh !
jkT; ijD;kaps gkrh xsys rsOgkp ^dk;nk* xsyk &rks kCn ns[khy okpfork vkyk ukgh- vkrk rks dyad
kCnkiqjrk rjh /kqow ;k- fucZa/k kCn gk dk;nk kCnkarhy loZ vFkZ vkf.k /ofugh O;Dr djrks- rsOgk rksp
R;klkBh jk[kwu Bsokok( vkt rks rlk ifjfprgh gksr vkgs- dsljh izHk`fr i=karwugh fucZa/kHkax gk dk;nsHkax
kCnkpk izfrkCn Eg.kwu ;srks- fganhrgh rks fkLr vkgs- rsOgk vkrk rksp :< Ogkok- fucZa/kkkL=
dk;nskkL= jktoV] lkkdky dkjdhnZ LFkk;hfu/kh] fLFkjfu/kh dk;efu/kh] jktcanh iksfyfVdy fiz>ujgk kCn tUeBsi iqLrdkus izpfyr dsyk- izdV lHkk tkghj lHkk varLFk lHkk (Private Meeting)
varLFk] O;fDrxr] ?kjxqrh
vkk vk.k[kh ks&nksuks uohu Lodh; kCnkaph Hkj xsY;k ikp okkZr izeq[kr% ;k Hkkkkkq/nhP;k
vkanksyukus iMyh vkgs- i.k rs loZ dkgh ;sFks nsrk ;s.kkj ukghrtqU;k kCnkaps iqu:Tthou
Hkkkkkq/nhus Lodh; uohu kCnkaph Hkj ?kky.;kps gs vsd dk;Z tls dsys] rlsp vkiys ts tqus
kCn fudkj.k yqIrizk; gksr pkyysys gksrs R;kaps iqu:Tthou dj.;kps nqljs egpkps dk;Zgh frrD;kp

izcGrsus dsys- gYyh] fkok;] t:j] dcwy gs fonskh kCn ?kjkr ck;dk eqykaP;k rksaMhns[khy lkj[ks
:Gysys vlwu vkiys rnFkZd vl.kkjs vusd tqus kCn ^l/;k] okpwu] fouk] ekU;] laer] vo;*
pqdwuns[khy cksy.;kr ;svhukls >kys vkgsr- eqyh yiaMko [ksGrkuk ns[khy ^jsMh* kCn okijrkuk
vk<Grkrk! tqus [ksGkrhy lko/k] iMyk] ekjyk fvR;knh Nkunkj kCn eqGhp tkr pkyys vkf.k jsMh]
vkvwV gs ftdMs frdMs cksdkGys- vqnkgj.kkFkZ csGxkops laesyuk/;{kkaP;k Hkkk.kkP;k vsdk ikukr ^t:j*
gk kCn pkjnk&ikpnk vkyk vkgs( i.k i;kZ; Eg.kwuns[khy ^vo;* gk vkiyk rnFkZd kCn vsdnkgh
vkyk ukgh- [kkyhy fVi.khr fnXnkZukFkZ fnysys loZ fonskh kCn ;kp izdkjkr eksMrkr- R;kaps i;kZ;
vlysys vkiys Lor%ps tqus kCn vki.k fu;eiwoZd okijkos- vkf.k R;kl ek:u fkjtksj gksvw ikg.kk;k
fonskh kCnkal cfgd`r djkos- dkj.k rs Hkkksrwu lkQ xsys rjh vkiyh dkgh vsd gkuh gks.kkjh ukgh- tqus
Lodh; kCn ek:u fonskh kCn fudkj.k okij.ks ew[kZi.kkps vkgs- gkp Hkkkkkq/nhpk eq[; dVk{k vkgsCkfgdk;Z kCnkaph vqnkgj.ks &cy laca/kh] fok;h gk kCn csGxko laesyuk/;{kkaP;k Hkkk.kkps
ifgY;kp ikukoj pkj vksGhr pkjnk vkyk vkgs- i.k rnFkZd Lodh; kCn laca/kh] fok;h fvR;knh rs
eqGhp vkys ukghr! f'kok; fouk] okpwu O;frfjDr] vk.k[kh dk;e fLFkj] LFkk;h] fuR;] usgehps vxj
tjh] fdaok vczw ykSfdd] eku] izfrBk fvykt vqik;] lk/ku] fvekuh izkef.kd] fooklw] fvekjr
?kj] okMk] vky;] Hkou] x`g] fudsru vls fdrh rjh kCn i.k ftFks frFks fvekjr gk fonskh kCn dk;
rks cksdkGysyk- dcwy ekU;] laer vSir lkeF;Z] ;ksX;rk] kDrh xqnLrkxrokhZ] deky /kkU;]
ijkdkBk] ifjlhek] ijeko/kh] fdaerewY;] eksy] iqLrdkoj fdaer fyfgyh rjp rs iqLrd fod.;kl
vuqKk feGrs vkh loZlk/kkj.k letwr fnlrs! pqdwu ns[khy iqLrdkoj dks.kh ^ewY;* vewd Eg.kwu Nkihr
ukgh] tks rks ^fdaer* Nkirks gdhxr o`k] o`kkar] ekfgrh] rQsZ orhus] nksLrfe=] Lusgh] o;L;] lkscrh
loaxMh vk.k[kh ikVhHkj kCn vkgsr( i.k dkgh ^kkghjka*uk nksLr EgVY;kokpwu izsekpk ikUgk QqVrp ukgh-
fnyfxjh nq%[k] kksd] [ksn] vuqrki vOoyiklwu v[ksj vFkiklwu fvfri;Zar- tehu&vLekuvkdkk
&ikrkG] lkyetdwj pkyw okZ] lky&xqnLr xrokZ] ekth foxr] eatwj ekU;] laer] gokeku
ok;qeku] _rqeku] gok ikyV okjkikyV] gokik.kh okjkik.kh] tyok;w] fganh caxkyhr :<- xjhc fnu]
ckiqMk] lkyl] fcpkjk] esgsjcku d`ikoar] esgjckuh d`ik]n;k] vkHkkj] vqidkj-
;k vkf.k vkk vusd vuko;d fonskh kCnkapk izpkj xsY;k ikp okkZr iqdG vakh deh
gksvwu vkiY;k rnFkZd tqU;k Lodh; kCnkaps R;k izek.kkr iqu:Tthou gksr pkyys-vkh jhrhus vusd
Lodh; kCnkaph Hkj ikMwu vkf.k tqus Lodh; kCngh iqu:Tthfor d:u vkiY;k Hkkksps kCncG R;k
pGoGhus vqyV ok<foys vkgs- gh xksV vkh vuqHkokUrh fufoZokni.ks fl/n gksr vkgs- k vsdanj loZ
ifj.kkekl fopkjkar ?ksvwu k lekykspuko:u gs LiV gksrs dh] ejkBh ijdh; vuko;d kCnkaP;k ekjd
ihMsiklwu eqDr d:u frps Lodh; kCncG vqyV izo/kZeku dj.kkjh vlyh foLr`r vkf.k tk.kho pGoG
vktoj dsOgkgh >kyh uOgrh- ejkBhps vaxh eqjysY;k vqnwZ kCnkaps jksxkoj rj fkokth egkjktkuarj
kL=f;k vkh ghp >kyh!

vFkkZr izR;{k vuqHkokvarh fvrD;k fgrdkjd BjysY;k ;k Hkkkk kq/nhps ozr vkrk vki.k lokZauh
;kiq<s vkf.k ;kgwugh usVkus pkyfoys ikfgts- Hkkkse/;s ijdh; kCn ts vls MksvhtM gksvwu Lodh; kCn
ukeksk d: kdrkr] rs vsdk BjysY;k i/nrhus gksr- rh i/nr vkh dh vki.k g;x;hus] dsOgk fu:ik;
Eg.kwu vkf.k dsOgk dsOgk rj dsoG vSV Eg.kwu dkgh ijdh; kCn Hkkksr oki: ykxrks- rs fvrds vf/kd
okijys tkrkr] frrds rnFkZd vkiys vl.kkjs kCn ekxs iMrkr vkf.k rks Hkko R;k fonskh kCnkuhp
O;Dr dj.;kph lo; iMrs- iq<s rks Hkko R;kokpwu O;Drp gksr ukghls okVrs- vkf.k rs fonskh kCn vls
vsdnk :< >kys Eg.kts ex rs tqus] rs ipys] rs vkiysp >kys vkk [kqG;k eeRokus R;kauk dk<.;kpk
iz;Ru dks.kh d: ykxyk dh rks udkslk okVrks- i.k R;kik;h vkiys gksrs rs Lodh; kCn ukghls >kys
;kps dks.kklp dkgh okVr ukgh\ rsOgk fonskh kCn ?kjkr T;k pksjokVsus vktoj ?kqlw kdys rh gh ewGP;k
g;x;hph okV vkrk iw.kZi.ks can d:u Vkdyh ikfgts- ;kiwohZps tqus fudkj.k ?kqlysys fonskh kCn rj
gqldwu nsvwp nsvw( i.k vki.k vkrk fonskh kCnkl vktoj vkr ?ks.kkjs ts pksjnkj vq?kMdhl vkys vkgsR;kojgh dMd ikgkjk Bsow- vkiyk Lodh; kCn vlrk fdaok laLd`rlkj[;k kCnizlo{ke vkf.k lqlaik
vkk vkiY;k nsook.khrwu jRu[kk.khrwu rks fuekZ.k djrk ;sr vlrk fonskh kCn R;k g;x;kaP;k pksj okVsus
izFke vkar ;svw nz;ko;kpkp ukgh] Fksph {kfed vuqKk nsvwu ns[khy R;kl vkr ?kqlw |ko;kpk ukgh] vls
lokZauh ozr ?ksrys ikfgtsk ^g;x;hus* vxnh rkts vqnkgj.k gos vlsy rj gk ^fvUdykc f>ankckn* vSdk! fgnwarp uOgs
rj eqlyekukargh gtkjh vsdklgh kpk vFkZ dGsuk- i.k rjhgh eqlyeku vksjMrkr Eg.kwu xkoksxko fganwgh
rsp vksjMrkr- vsdk pkaxY;k izkS< O;kik;kl ijok gsrqr% fopkjys] vkrk rqEgh xtZr vkgkr r;k
fvdykc f>ankckn vFkZ dk;\ rks glwu Eg.kkyk] ^vFkZ! f>ankckn! vkiyk jkVh; >saMk ckn vlk dkghlk
eh letrks!!!* iatkce/;s lqfkf{kr fganwaph &R;kauh vkhp ^g;x;* dj.;kps iki vki.kkgwugh Qkjp
Hk;adj izek.kkoj krdksa krd dsY;kus R;kaph& ewGph fganw Hkkkk futhZo gksvwu vkt vqnwZ ghp lkoZtfud
izkS<hph Hkkkk >kyh vkgs- R;keqGs frdMs kafr fpjk;q gksoks! karh dh t; ! k xtZusis{kk fvUdykc
f>ankckn! gh xtZukp vf/kd QSykoyh vkgs- eqlyeku rj ^oUns ekrje~ ^ns[khy Eg.k.kkj ukghr- ex karh
dh t; dlys Eg.krkr! R;kauh fvdMsgh fvUdykc f>ankckn xtZfoyk- i.k eqlyeku fganw Hkkkh; xtZuk
tk.kwucqtwu VkGrkr- rj R;k nqjkxzgkyk Vksyk ns.;klkBh rjh vki.k vkiyh Lodh; xtZukp d: vls
fganwuk dkgh okVys ukgh- fvrdk ihG vlrk rj ex rs fganw dlys\ rsgh ykxys esa<jklkj[ks fvUdykc
f>ankckn vksjMk;yk kafr fpjk;q gksrks! fpjatho kafr !* fdaok ^karh dh t;* k vktoj nqenqi.kk;k
vkiY;k Lodh; xtZuk ekxs iMwu vkrk tj dh f>ankcknhp cksGkoyh rj rh Hkkouk r;kp kCnkal
fpdVr tk.kkj- iq<s dkgh kgk.ks Eg.k.kkj] R;k f>ankcknsokpwu rks Hkko O;Drp gksr ukgh cqok! vkf.k ngk
okkZr loZp yksd Eg.k.kkj gk kCn tquk >kyk] vkiykp >kyk] jkgw |k R;kyk] >kys! i.k ;k ik;h
vkiyh ^karh fpjk;q gksoks* gh xtZuk& gk kCn ijdk >kyk] Bkj >kyk] xsyk ^karh* kph okV dk;\
;kLro vki.k tjh izFkeiklwup ^karh dh t;* gs vktgh pSrU;izn] xtZuk{ke vkf.k loZLoh vFkZiw.kZ
vlysys kCnp okijkos- ex frdMs eqlyeku dkghgh vksjMksr- xtZukadMs vkEgh ;sFks Hkkkkkq/nh iqjrsp

ikgkr vkgksr- R;kaP;k jktdh; vFkkZkh vkf.k R;k xtZukaP;k ;ksX;k;ksX;rskh vkepk ;sFks dkghgh laca/k
ukgh- xtkZo;kpsp rj funku Lodh; kCnkl O;ogkjkvso<sp fo/ks; ;sFks izLrqr vkgs-1
ijarq vkkizdkjph ?kkrd g;x; ;k Hkkkkkq/nhP;k ukdscanheqGs vkrk fojGk ?kMrs ghp uoh xksV
vkgs- dkj.k rks fidsVj gk kCn igk caxkyhr fonskh uohu kCn rkRdkG cfgd`r gksrkr- rlk rksgh
cfgd`r gksvwu R;kyk fujks/kd fujks/ku .
gksvwu R;kl R;k fonskh dkiMkP;k xB~B;kalg >ViV cfgd`r
dj.;kr vkys- fujks/kd vkf.k fujks/ku gs kCn cksyrk cksyrk :< gksr vkgsr- vkhp lko/kkurk vki.k
vsdlkj[kh Bsoyh ikfgtsvkrk ;k xsY;k ikp okkZaps lekykspukps ksoVh ;sR;k lgkO;k okkZlkBh ;k pGoGhpk dk;Ze
vkf.k /kksj.k dk; vlkos] rsgh fnXnkZukiqjrs lqpowu gk ys[k laiow1 ijdh; kCngh dsOgk ?;kos rks fu;e ekxs LiVi.ks fnykp vkgs- rso<k viokn lksMwu vki.k
lokZauh Lodh; kCnp okijkos- ;kiq<s rjh dks.khgh fe=kyk ^saM* fo.;kpk fadaok Hkkokyk ^cznj* fo.;kpk
vkpjVi.kk d: u;s- Lodh; kCnkaph O;k[;k ghp dh laLd`rksRik T;k vusd izkd`r Hkkkk fdaok
rkfeyizHk`rh nzkfoMkfnd Hkkkk vkiY;k fganw yksdkr ;k nskkr eqGiklwu izpfyr vkgsr- R;k fganw
Hkkkkla?kkrhy loZ kCn vki.kkl Lodh; vkgsr] gs vSdwu vsdk fo}ku ek.klkl cjsp glw dkslGys gksrs
vkf.k R;k ek.klkus ekfldkrwu fopkjys gksrs dh] dk; gks] fganwHkkkkla?k Eg.kts dk;\ Hkkksyk ns[khy /keZ
vlrks dh dk;\* R;kl vkeps fvrdsp lkax.ks vkgs dh] vki.k iq<s vkiY;k R;kp ys[kkr ^fganqLFkku* gk
kCn okijysyk vkgkr] rks ikgwu vkEgklgh rlsp glw dkslGys vkf.k fopkjkosls okVys dh] fganqLFkku
Eg.kts dk;\ i.k tj rls dkgh ulwu fganw yksd ijaijsua T;kr jkgrkr rs LFkku fganqLFkku vkk vFkhZ
vki.k rks kCn ;kstyk vlky rj fganwyksd ijaijkxr T;k Hkkkk cksyrkr rks fganwHkkkkla?k fvrds
dG.;kiqjrhgh fo}rk vkiY;k vaxh vkgsp rj!
2 T;k xkoh cgqrsd ejkBhp tk.k.kkjs yksd vlrkr vkk xkoh ^okWfkax daiuh*] ^gsvj dfVax
lywu*] ^okWp fjisvfjax* vkk ikV;k vxnh vMk.;k nqdkunkjki;Zar yko.;kph th [kksM iMyh vkgs] rh
RkkRdkG lksMyh tkoh- ejkBh ikV;k rsFks ykokO;k- Eg.kts fxgkfvdkl let.ks gk tks ikV;kapk ewG vqsk
rks lk/ksy- Hkkkkkq/nhdfjrkp uOgs i.k R;kaP;k /ka|kP;k fgrkdfjrkp ejkBh Hkkksrhy ikV;k ykokO;k! rlsp
vkk fBdk.kP;k fof/kKkauh vkiY;k nkjkoj Out In vls fvaxzth fyfg.;kph gkL;kLin [kksM lksMwu
^ckgsj* ^vkr* vls ejkBh fygkos- Lor%l dGkos vso<;klkBh rs ulsy vkf.k yksdkal dGkos Eg.kwu tj
rs rls fyfgys tkr vlsy rj ejkBh tk.k.kk;k yksdkaph la[;k ftFks cgqrsd vl.kkj frFks rs kCn

gk ys[k 1931 e/;s ohj lkojdjkauh fyghyk rsOgk R;kua jktdkj.kkr Hkkx ?ks.;kph canh gksrh- Eg.kwu
R;kauh gh ppkZ kCnkaps v/kkZiqjrhp vlY;kps LiV dsys vkgs1

ejkBhp fyfg.ks cjs gsgh lkaxkos ykxrs! R;kpizek.ks ukokph vk|k{kjs ejkBhr fygkoh- vsl- Ogh- QMds]
. .,fvR;knh fygkos3kCndkskeaMGkus izR;sd :< fonskh kCn nsrkuk R;kaP;k izfrkCnkaps LFkkuh vsd ok vusd dks.kps
rjh rnFkZd Lodh; kCn vo; |kos- vkf.k nqljs vls dh egkuqHkkokfnd vkf.k vxnh ekx/kh egkjkVh;
ok~e;krhygh ts tqus kCn vktP;k fonskh kCnkauh yqIr dsysys vk<Grhy ok R;kauk vkt izfrkCn
gks.;kl vk<Grhy ok R;kauk vkt izfrkCn gks.;kl ;ksX;ls okVrhy rs lkjs iqu:Tthfor d:u R;k R;k
fonskh kCnkal izfrkCn Eg.kwu R;kiq<s |kos- ;k;ksxs kCnlaikh j{k.kkP;k dk;kZlg rs dk;Zgh d: kdsyifjHkkkk eaMGkusgh gsp /kksj.k Bsokos4 ksoVh T;k T;k tqU;k i=dkjkauh vkf.k ys[kdkauh vuko;d vls uos ok tqus fonskh kCn
VkG.;kpk iz;Ru dj.;kr vtwugh nqyZ{k dsysys vkgs R;kauh rs ;kiq<s rjh rls u djrk kD;rks rksaMkr ok
ys[k.khr clysys fonskh kCn cfgd`r djkosp djkos- vusd ys[kd gs dj.ks fvV gs eukrY;k eukr
tk.krkr i.k R;kaph lodysyh Hkkkk cny.ks vkrk vxnh vo?kM tkrs Eg.kwup dk; rs rs vq?kMi.ks ;k
xksVhpk iqjLdkj djhr ukghr- i.k R;kl vkEgh vusd fBdk.kh vuqHkowu ikfgysyh vsd lksih i/nr
lkaxrks- izFke ys[k usgehizek.ks fygwu dk<kok- Eg.kts gk kCn vqnwZ dh fvafXyk ;k llsfe;kus izfrinh
R;kaP;k fopkjkpk vks?k [kaM.kkj ukgh vkf.k ex vki.k vqieqfnzrs izqQs vUosf{krks rls rs fy[kk.k dsoG
fonskh kCnkaP;k n`Vhus c?kwu Vkdkos- Eg.kts iViV rs kCn kqHkz pknjhoj <sdw.k useds lkiMkos rls
lkiMrhy- vkf.k ys[k.khus Vksprkp fpjMys tkrhy- vls ikplgknk >kys dh] ex rs eqGh fyfgrkukp
;svhukls gksrhy5 ojhy lwpukaizek.ks lokZuhp vf/kdre fpdkVhus vkf.k fu/kkZjkus fonskh kCn cfgdkjkps ozr Hkkxkuxjh
futke gSnzkckn] ogkM] XokYgsj] HkMksp ;k izkarkrhy egkjkVh; ;kauh vkpj.;kph ijkdkBk djkohdkj.k ejkBhr vqnwZ izHk`rh fonskh kCn ?kql.;kps ladV frdMwup vks<o.;kpk vf/kd laHko dsOgkgh
vl.kkj-

. vkeph jkVHkkkk vkf.k Hkkkkkq/nh

Hkkjrh; jkT; ?kVusP;k 343 P;k Nsndkizek.ks
gks;* vls fu/kkZjysys vkgs-

(article

izek.ks) ^nsoukxjhr fyfgysyh fganh gh jkVHkkkk

ijarq k Nsndkyk R;kP;k[kkyh ^tj] rj] rFkkfi* fvR;knh vqik/khaP;k fvrD;k tGok ykoysY;k
vkgsr dh] R;kauk rlsp jkgw fnys rj R;k eqGs ?kksk.ksyk j&{k;kph ck/kk >kY;kfouk jkg.kkj ukgh- vkf.k
ksoVh fganh gh jkVHkkkk u gksrk izR;{kkr rh fganh ;kus fganqLFkkuh rjh gksvhy fdaok vk.k[kh ksikkl oksZ
vkt pkyw vlysyh fvaxzthp jkT;Hkkksps in cGdkowu clsyvqnZwfuB i{kkP;k vkxzgkus fganqLFkkuhpk ukefunsZk
yksdkar lkekU; let vlk iljysyk fnlrks dh] ?kVusizek.ks fvaxzth vk.k[kh Qkj Qkj rj ia/kjk
oksZp dk; rh jkT;Hkkkk Eg.kwu ukanw kdsy( i.k gh pwd vkgs ojhy 343O;k NsndkP;k frl;k
vuqPNsndkarp (clause e/;sp gs Bklwu lkafxrysys vkgs dh] yksdlHksyk okVys rj ia/kjk okkZuarjgh
fvaxzth ghp jkT;Hkkkk Eg.kwu pkyw Bsork ;svhy] Eg.kts rs d`R; ?kVukck Eg.kwu eqGkrp fufk/nysys
ukgh- rhp xksV vqnwZfuB ^;kus fganqLFkkuh* ph vkgs- fganh gh jkT; Hkkkk vkgs] vls Eg.kr Eg.kr iq<s Nsnd
315 e/;s LiVi.ks xzafFkysys vkgs dh] fganh Hkkksyk laik fu le`/n dj.;klkBh ^fganqLFkkuh* Hkkksrhy
:is] kSyh fu eksM fganhr vkRelkr~ dsyh tkohr! Jh- usg:aP;k vqnwZfuB i{kkP;k vkxzgkeqGsp ^fganqLFkkuh*
pk gk ukefunsZkiwoZd fofkB vqYys[k fganhlg dj.;kr vkyk gs lkaxko;kl udkspgk Bjko vlk MGeGhr dk >kyk\
jkVHkkksfok;hpk gk vlk MGeGhr fu xqGeqGhr Bjko dk dj.;kr vkyk gs /;kuh ;s.;klkBh k
fok;kph iwoihfBdkp FkksMhkh ikfgyh ikghts- lk/kkj.kr% Jh Lokeh n;kuanthiklwu fganqLFkkuph jkVHkkkk
fganh fu fyih nsoukxjh vlkoh vlk izpkj vusd fganw iq<k;kadMwu pkyw >kyk gksrk( ijarq f[kykQrhP;k
pGoGhyk vqpywu /kj.;kph ?kksMpwd tsOgk dkWaxzslus dsyh rsOgk eqfLyekaps izLFk dkWaxzsle/;s ektw ykxysrh la/kh lk/kwu eqfLYkekauh R;kaP;k fvrj LokFkZlk/kw ekx.;kae/;sp ghgh ekx.kh Bkei.ks dsyh dh] tj vqnwZ
ghp rqEgh jkVHkkkk Eg.kwu ekuyh ikfgts-k fganh fu vqnwZ vkk nksUgh i{kkapk leUo; vki.k lgt lk/kw
kdw vkk fgjhjhus] rksi;Zar dsoG ^fganh* ghp jkVHkkkk gks; vls Eg.kr vkysY;k xka/khthauh vkh rksM
lqpfoyh dh] vqnwZ kCn cgqy vkh th ^fganqLFkkuh* ukokph cksyh y[kukSP;k cktwyk loZlk/kkj.kr: fganw
eqlyeku ykd pkypykvw O;ogkjklkBh cksyrkr frykp jkVHkkkk Bjokoh( vkf.k rh nsoukxjh fu vqnwZ
vkk nksugh fyI;kr fyfgyh tkoh- eqfLyekauh vFkkZrp gh rMtksM ekuyh ukgh- ijarq xka/khthaP;kp
v/;{krs[kkyh HkjysY;k fganh lkfgR; laesyukr xka/khthaP;k vkxzgkus ^fganqLFkkuh* ghp jkVHkkkk gks;] vlk
Bjko laer d:u ?ks.;kr vkyk- fvrdsp uOgs rj] fganh ^;kus fganqLFkkuh* vls R;k jkVHkkksps ukedj.kgh
d:u Vkdys! vFkkZr~ vqnwZ &kCn&cgqy th fganqLFkkuh frykp fganh Eg.kko;kph ikGh vkyh( vkf.k izR;{k
fganh lkfgR; laesyukusp rks Bjko dsyk!

^laLd`rfuB* gs foksk.k dk ykokos ykxrs\

rsOgk T;k fganhyk vkEgh vkeph jkVHkkkk d: fvfPNrks rh gh ^fganh ;kus fganqLFkkuh* uOgs vls
LiVi.ks fnXnkZfo.;kLro fganhP;k LkR;LOk:ikl vkjkklkj[ks izfrfcacfo.kkjs] frP;k ukokfok;h >kysY;k
lk;k oSpkfjd xksa/kGkl fujl.kkjs vkf.k T;k fganhl vkEgh jkVHkkkk ekurks frph vksG[k pVdu vsdk
kCnkr iVow kd.kkjs vls ^laLd`rfuB* gs O;korZd foksk.k vkEghp izFker% fryk ykoys vkf.k
^laLd`rfuB fganh ghp vkeph jkVHkkkk fu nsoukxjh ghp vkeph jkVfyih* vkh ?kksk.kk dsyh- yxksyx
fganwegklHksus fu cgqrds fganqRofuB laLFkkauh rhp vqpywu /kjyhegkjkVh; eaMGhpk iq<kdkj
FkksM;kp fnolkar ^fganh lkfgR; laesyugh kq/nhoj vkys vkf.k ^;kus fganqLFkkuh* lg xka/khthauk rh
laLFkk lksMkoh ykxyh- rsOgkiklwu vsdk cktwyk ^laLd`rfuB fganh*pk izpkj /kqe/kMkD;kus fganqLFkkuHkj pkyw
>kyk- T;k izkarkph ekr`Hkkkkp fganh gksrh] R;k izkarkrhy dkWaxzslh eaMGhargh cgqrsd yksd vkrwu fu Jh;qr
VaMuthlkj[ks iq<kjh izdVi.ksgh laLd`rfuB fganhpkp izpkj fu iqjLdkj d: ykxys- rs lkgftdp gksrs( ijarq
ekr`Hkkkk fganh ulrkgh fganhHkkkh; izkarkfvrdkp dji.ks tj dks.;k izkarkus laLd`rfuB fganhpkp iqjLdkj
fu izpkj dsyk vlsy] rj rks vkiY;k egkjkV izkarkrhy fganqRofuBkauh gks;- vcksgj] gfj}kj] t;iwj]
eqacvh izHk`rh uxjkr HkjysY;k fganh lkfgR; laesyukP;k izlaxh fu fvrj izlaxh vqnwZfuB ^fganqLFkkuh* i{kkP;k
dkjok;k gk.kwu ikM.;kP;k dkeh k egkjkVh; eaMGhpk usgeh iq<kdkj vlsfvaxzth gs [kjs okndasnz uOgs A
ksoVh jkT;&?kVuk&lferhr jktkhZ VaMu ;kaP;k usr`Rok[kkyh laLd`rfuB ^fganh ghp jkVHkkkk
Bjfo.;klkBh izcG vqBko.kh >kyh- vqnwZfuB ^fganLq Fkkuh* P;k i{kkr vkt T;kaP;k gkrh jktLkkk vkgsvkk dkWaxzlh vf/kdk;kaph fu ekSykuk vk>knkalkj[;k eqlyekuh lHkklnkaph QGh Jh- usg:aP;k
usr`Rok[kkyh frpk ikMko dj.;kpk iz;Ru d: ykxyh- jkVHkkksP;k BjkokP;k izdj.kh [kjs okndsanz fvaxzth
gs uOgrs( dkj.k fvaxzth gh Hkkjrkph fuR;kph jkVHkkkk] Eg.kwu ?kVusrp uksanowu Vkdkoh vls Eg.k.;kps
lkgl Jh- usg:lq/nk d: kdr uOgrs- fvaxzth vad rsOk<s ?ksrysp ikfgtsr- fvrD;kp fof{kIr gkokjh
R;kauk Lor%ps lek/kku d:u ?;kos ykxys- vqyVi{kh fvaxzthph vktP;k vkt gdkyih dj.ks gs jkVh;
O;ogkjkP;k n`Vhusp vfuV fu vkD; vkgs gs fganhpk i{kgh tk.kwu gksrk- Eg.kwu fvaxzth gh
jkT;O;ogkjkr vk.k[kh ia/kjk oksZ jkgw |koh gk k Bjkokrhy Hkkx vs
. [kjk erHksn tks gksrk rks laLd`rfuB fganh dh vqnwZfuB fganqLFkkuh ;kp izdj.kh gksrk- rks
okn ksoVh fdrh fodksikl xsyk gs loZJqrp vkgs-] varh fu:ik; Eg.kwu nksUgh i{kkauk jMrd<r ^tj] rj]
rFkkfi] iajrq ^fvR;knh vqik/khaP;k pkSdVhr dksacysY;k rMtksMhusp dk; rks feVork vkyk( rh rMtksM
Eg.ktsp gk jkVHkkkspk Bjko! ;k dkj.kkeqGsp rks vlk MGeGhr fu xqGxqGhr >kysyk vkgs-

vsdkP;k fot; vlyk rjh nqLk;kpk ijkt; [kkl uOgs

R;kr ^laLd`fuB fganh ghp vkeph jkVHkkkk gks;* vls O;korZd fu/kkZjkus EgVysys ulwu ^nsoukxjhr
fyfgyh tk.kkjh fganh* vso<sp EgVysys vkgs- vktgh ksdMks vqnwZ kCn nsoukxjhr fyfgrk ;srhy- R;krgh
iq<sa ^fganqLFkkuh* Hkkksrhy kCnp uOgsr rj :is] kSyh] eksM fganh fganhr vkRelkr djkoh vls vsd vaqVkps
fiYywgh ?kqlMys vkgs- iqUgk k jkVHkkksfok;hP;k Bjkokps okjaokj leh{k.k d:u R;kr vkyVkikyV
dj.;klkBh ;ksX; okVY;kl leh{k.k& lfeR;k dfeV;k use.;kpk tks vf/kdkj jkVk/;{kkauk ns.;kr
vkysyk vkgs R;kr th xkse vkgs rh osxGhp( i.k LFkykHkkokeqGs rks Hkkx uqlrk vqYys[kwu] fvrdsp
lkax.ks iqjs vkgs dh] gk Bjko fganh i{kkpk fot; tjh vlyk rjh ^;kus fganqLRkkuh* i{kkpk ijkt;gh ukgh!
rj ^laLd`rfuB fganh* i{kkus ;kiq<sgh izpkjkps] vkpkjkps] fu iz;Rukaps izCkG vkanksyu nliV osxkus pkyw
Bsoys ukgh rj Bjkokrhy uko tjh fganh jkfgys rjh oLrqr% rh ^fganqLFkkuh*p cuY;kokpwu jkg.kkj ukghiqu%ia/kjk okkZaP;k vkr fvaxzthyk inP;qr djko;kph vkgs rsgh ^laLd`rfuB fganh* i{kkykp djkos ykxsy]
gs /;kukr /kjk- Jh- usg:] ekSykuk vk>kn fvR;knh rkk izo`khph eaMGh fvaxzthyk jkT;O;ogkjkrgh kD;
frrds nh?kkZ;q; fpar.kkjhp vkgsr gs foljrk dkek u;s?kVusyk Hkhd u ?kkyrk vqnwZfuB ^fganqLFkkuh*ps ikrkG;a= pkyw >kyslq/nkA
fganh jkVHkkkk dj.kk;k Bjkokph kkvh okGrs u okGrs rksp fganqLrkuhpk jkVHkkkk Eg.kwu izpkj
dj.kkjh vsd vf[ky Hkkjrh; laLFkk R;k i{kkus LFkkfiyh vkgs- frP;ke/;s vkt T;kaP;k gkrh jktlkk vkgs
vls eksBeksBs vaxh vkf.k u`ikax.k xr [kykaps rkaMsP;k rkaMs izkarkizkarkrwu fkjysys vkgsr- R;kauk eqlyekuh
laLFkkus lgdk;Z vFkkZrp ykHk.kkjs vkgs- dkWaxzsli{kh; iq<k;kaP;k gkrh vlysY;k fujfujkG;k ukokP;k
fu/khrwu rkk laLFksyk Hkjiwj nzO;lkgk; feG.kkjs vkgs- kkGsrhy ikB; iqLrdkrwup fganh Eg.kr Eg.kr
vqnwZfuB fganqLFkkuh Hkkkk ?kkykoh] T;k izkarkps fk{k.kea=h R;kaP;k erkps fdaok R;kaP;k gkrps vkgsr] R;k R;k
izkarkr rhp ikB;iqLrds pkyw djkohr vkf.k vkk jhrhus vqxorh fi<hph fi<hp vqnwZ&kCn cgqy
^fganqLFkkuh* P;k <kGkrwu vksrwu dk<koh vlk R;kapk vsd jksdMk Mko vkgs- k cqMkkh vlysY;k
fopkjlj.khph LQqVk% rikhyokj dYiuk ;koh] ;kLro dkgh vqnkgj.ks iqjkok Eg.kwu nsr vkgksr- vFkkZr
T;k vFkhZ gh ekfgrh o`ki=krhy o`kkarko:u cgqk% ?ksrysyh vkgs] R;k vFkhZ rhr dkukek=k U;wuf/kd vlw
kdsy( ijarq vokUrj iqjkO;ko:u rh oLrqfLFkrhph ;Fkkor~ :ijs[kk rjh iznkZohr vkgs gs fufprejkBhP;k ekt?kjkr dk; pkyys vkgs\
fganqLFkkuhpk izpkj dj.;kP;k vqskkusp lkaxwulo:u dk<ysY;k vf[ky Hkkjrh; laLFksphp vsd izr
vlysyh egkjkV jkVHkkkk izpkj lHkk ejkBhP;k k ekt?kjkrp LFkkfiysyh vkgs- k lHksps Lor%ps er
vls vkgs dh] jkVfyihP;k izdj.kh nsoukxjhizek.ksp jkseu vkf.k vjch k fyihpk i.k ^fvLrseky* dsyk
tkok- eqacvh izkarkps fk{k.k foHkkxkps ofjB vf/kdkjh fu eq[;ea=h vlysys ekuuh; ckGkjko [ksj gsgh
Lor% ^fganqLFkkuh dYPkj lkslk;Vh] vykgkckn]* ;k laLFksps lnL; vkgsr- k laLFksps /;s;gh vqnwZkCnfefJr
fganqLFkkuh gh jkVHkkkk vkf.k vqnwZfyih fu ukxjhfyih nksUgh jkVfyI;k vlkO;kr vlsp vkgs- vFkkZrp

eqcvh izkarklkBh th ikB;e lferh ekuuh; [ksjkaP;k gkrh vlysY;k eqacvhP;k fk{k.k foHkkxkus
vso<;kr useyh vkgs] frP;k lgk lHkklnakiSdh rhu lHkkln ojhy fganqLFkkuhfuB
^egkjkV&jkVHkkkk&izpkjlHks* ps lnL; vlkosr vkf.k vkt fdR;sd oksZ fganh jkVHkkkspk izpkj egkjkVkr
vf/kd`ri.ks djhr vlysY;k Hkkjrh; fganh lkfgR;&laesyuklkj[;k izeq[k laLFkspk fdaok egkjkV jkVHkkkk
lferhP;k fganh izpkj la?k iq.ks ;klkj[;k izkafrd laLFkkapk vsdgh lnL; R;k fganh ikB;e lferhoj
eqacvh ljdkjdMwu useyk tkvw u;s] vlk vU;k; u ?kMrk rjp vkp;Z! iqu%eaqcvh izkarkr ?kVusus
BjfoysY;k fganh ;k jkVHkkksps fk{k.k fo|kF;kZauk ns.;klkBh tks vH;kle fu ikB;iqLrds Bjok;ph rh
Bjo.;klkBh useysY;k ;k lferhps v/;{k dks.kkyk useys Eg.krk\ rj egkegksik/;kp iksrnkjkauk- R;kauh
iq.;kl vsdk lHksr vfydMsp vls izdVi.ks lkafxrys ;|fi ?kVusr vls lkafxrys vlys dh vkeph
jkVHkkkk fganh vkgs rFkkfi frps Lo:i jgk.kkj fganqLrkuhp! vkf.k vkeP;k ikB;e Bjfo.;k;k k
lferhps dk;Zgh pky.kkj rs R;k /kksj.kkus! gk o`ki=krhy vqrkjk vkgs- R;keqGs vkEgkyk tjh ulyh rjh
dkgh eaMGhauk vkh va/kwd vkkk okVr vkgs dh] gs Hkkk.k vk>knkalkj[;k dks.;k ekSykukpsp vlkos
vkf.k vs[kk|k [kksMdj ckrehnkjkus iksrnkjkaP;k rksaMh rs ?kkrys vlkos- ukgh rj laLd`rfuB fganhPkk fvrdk
frVdkjk fu vqnwZfuBrspk fvrdk nqjkxzg iq.;kP;k vsdk egkjkVh; fo}kukyk fu R;krgh vsdk
egkegksik/;k; egkk;kauk okVkok rjh dk fu dlk! i.k gs Hkkk.k tj fcupwd vlys rj k ljdkjh
lferhdMwu th ikB;iqLrds eqacvh izkarkrhy fganh jkVHkkksph Eg.kwu useyh tk.kkj rh fcgkj ljdkjus R;kps
fk{k.kea=h MkW- lS;n egaen ;kaP;kdMwu jpowu kkGkrwu ?kqlMfoysY;k ^cknkgk jke] csxe lhrk fu
vqLrkn oflB* Nkikphp vl.kkj gs vq?kM vkgsrFkkfi ;k izdj.kh lokZaojj dMh dsyh vkgs dkdkjko dkysydjkauh- gs ln~x`gLFk ^fganqLFkkuh rkyhe*
izHk`rh vqnwZfUkB laLFkkps izeq[k iq<kjh vkgsr- xsY;k efgU;krp jktdksVyk vsdk jkVh; kkGsr HkjysY;k
izdV lHksr rs Eg.kkys dh ;|fi ?kVuk lferhus ^fganh* oj jkVHkkksph eksgksj ekjyh vlyh rjhgh vkEgh
ckiwthaP;kp xka/khthaP;kp ekxkZus tk.kkj- fganh uOgs fganqLFkkuh Eg.kts vqkj fgane/;s th vqnwZfeJhr Hkkkk
cksyyh tkrs rhr ^fgnqLFkkuhp* dk; rh jkVHkkkk gks; fu vqnwZ fyih ghgh jkVfyih gks;! Ckiwthaph n`fV
Eg.kts dsoG vkkZnkZu! R;kauk gs LoPN fnlr gksrs dh] vqnwZ fyih fu rhr fyfgysyh vqnwZfuB fganqLFkkuh
Hkkkk gh Lohdkj.;kusp fgane/;s laLd`rhpk leUo; lk/krks ;k okD;kr pqdwu lq/kk:u rs yxsp Eg.kkys]
dkSeh vsdfnyh gS! fvrdsp uOgs rj tj vki.k vqnwZ fyih fu vqnwZfuB fganqLFkkuh Hkkkk fu jkVfyih fu
jkVHkkkk Eg.kwu Lohdk: rj R;k}kjk vqH;k vkfk;kps la?kVu lk/kw kdw!
vkys dk /;kukr\ laca/k vsfk;kps la?kVu va! vqnwZ fyih fu vqnwZfuB fganqLFkkuh Hkkkk vkEgh
Lohdkjyh dh lk/kw kdw! fu%lak; ckiwthaP;k ^vkkZnkZukus* vkiyk ojngLr dkysydj egkk;kaP;k
eLrdkoj dsOgk rjh Bsoysyk vlykp ikfgtsijarq T;kaP;koj vlyk izlax dsOgkgh xqnjysyk ukgh] R;kauk vkk fo/kkukps jgL; lglk letw u;s
gs cqf/neksyk lktslsp vkgs- dkj.k vktP;k Hkwxksykizek.ks vkfk;kP;k vsdk Vksdkl ewG vjch Hkkkk fu
fyihykp naMuh; Bjowu T;kus ghczw Hkkkk fu fyih jkVh; Bjfoyh rs fvL=k;y jkV vkgs- rsFkiklwu rks

FksV tikui;Zar jfk;u ghp lk;k dE;qfuLV txrkph fooHkkkk d:u lksM.;kpk pax cka/kysY;k lksfo;V
jfk;kus vkfk;kpk lkjk vqkj ik] O;kiwu Vkdysyk vkgs- iq< tiku] R;kP;k[kkyh fpuh Hkkkk&Hkkkh rks
foLrh.kZ phu nsk iljysyk ! k vq.;kiq;k rhuprqFkkZak vkfk;k [kaMkr kph y[kukSdMP;k cktkjkrwu
rso<h cksyyh tk.kkjh ^fganqLFkkuh* cksyh fu vqnwZ fyih dks.kP;k >kMkPkk ikyk vkgs gs lq/nk dks.kkl Bkvwu
ukgh- vqjysY;k VhpHkj Hkkjrkckgsjhy vkfk;kr vQxk.k] fvjk.k] vjcLrku] fu ikfdLrku gs forh forh
;so<kys eqfLye nsk vqjrkr- R;krgh vsd ikfdLrku lksMys rj ckdhP;kr ^fganqLFkkuh* vqnwZ Hkkksr
fyfgyh rjh dks.kkl let.ks vkD;] rsOgk la?kVu lksMkp i.k lk/;k fopkjfoufe;kiqjrh rjh lca/k
vsfk;kr vqnwZfuB fganqLFkkuh dks.kkl letw kdr vlsy rj rh vsdV;k ikfdLrkukr dk; rh gks;! R;k
ikfdLrkukykp cgq/kk dkysydj egkk; laca/k vkfk;k Eg.kwu letr vlkosr- rjp dk; rs vqnwZHkkkk fu
vqnwZfyih LohdkjY;kl lca/k vkfk;kps la?kVu lk/krk ;svhy ;k dkysydjkaP;kp okD;kpk dkgh vUo;
rjh dGw kdsy( R;kpk vFkZ dG.;kph vis{kk dks.khp /kjysyh ukgh- fdacgquk T;k laiznk;kyk f[kykQr
Eg.ktsp LojkT; gs jktdh; lehdj.k iwohZ iVys R;kykp vkt ^ikfdLrku Eg.ktsp vkfk;k* gs HkkSxksfyd
lehdj.kgh iVkos kr vf/kd vuFkZd fof{kIri.kk vlk dks.krkp ukgh!
vk.k[kh vsd xaer
RkFkkfi T;kauk fganw kCn vqPPkkjrkp foapw Mlkok rkk osnuk gksrkr] Lonskkyk ^fvafM;k* Eg.k.;kr
T;kauk tkxfrd izfrBk okVrs] i.k R;kyk fganqLFkku Eg.k.ks gk ek= tkrh; gydVi.kk okVrks rksp Jhusg:aiklwu rks dkdkjko dkysydjkai;Zarpk fu/kehZ laiznk; vkt jkVHkkksP;k izukiqjrk dk gksvhuk ^vkeph
jkVHkkkk vqnwZfuB fganqLFkkuh] fganqLFkkuh] fganqLFkkuh* vlk Vkgks QksMrkuk ikgwu vkEgkal fdrhrjh xaer]
dkghkh /kU;rk fu fdafpr~ vkkkgh okVY;kokpwu jkgkr ukgh- okfYedhph xksV ukgh dk lkaxr\ dh rks Fkksj
iq:k] ejk] ejk vlk vqyVk vqPpkj djhr vlrk jke] jke vlk vqPpkj d: ykxyk vkf.k R;kp udGr
iq.;kvhus iq<s R;kps var%dj.k fuoGys- rlsp dnkfpr~ vqnwZfuB HkkksP;k fekkus dk gksvhuk i.k
^fganqLFkkuh] fganqLFkkuh* vlk Vkgks QksMhr vlrk R;kaP;k eq[kkrwu gks.kk;k fganq] fganqLFkku] k ifo=
uke?kkskkP;k u dGr iq.;kvhus gs vkeps okV pqdysys nskHkgh fganq}skkP;k ikikiklwup eq gks.;kpk
;ksxk;ksx vlsy\ okeu iafMrkauh EgVyssp vkgs dh]
^u dGrk in v ojh iMsA
u dfj nkg vls u d/kh ?kMsAA
vftr uke dgks HkYkR;k fels A
ldG ikrd HkLe djhrls AA
vqnwZfuB fganqLFkkuhP;k ;k Iysxkoj jkeck.k vkSk/k Eg.kts Hkkkkkq/nh
vqnwZfuB fganqLFkkuhykp jkVHkkkk vkf.k vqnwZyk tksM jkVfyih dj.;klkBh pkyysY;k T;k dwV
;Rukpk oj vqYys[k dsyk vkgs rks dsoG fnXnkZukiqjrk vkgs- ;kis{kk Qkjp eksB;k izek.kkoj fganqLFkkuHkj

;k i{kkps la?kfVr iz;Ru pkyysys vkgsr- R;kauk vktP;k lkk/kk;kaiSdh vusdkauh ikfBack fnysyk vlwu]
vkiY;k gkrh vlysY;k lkkdaskP;k cGkoj rs kkGkfoHkkxkrwu vqnwZpk izpkj djhr vkgsr- vkk osGh]
^jkVHkkkk fganh >kyhp vkgs* vkh vkReoapd fufprh dsoG ?kVusrhy BjkokP;k vk/kkjkoj ckGxwu
laLd`rfuB fganhP;k iqjLdR;kZauh LoLFk clrk dkek u;s- R;kauhlq/nk vkiyh izcG la?kVuk d:u gk
vqnwZfuB fganqLFkkuhpk izpkj fu iz;Ru osGhp gk.kwu ikMyk ikfgts] rks gk.kwu ikM.;kps ifj.kkedkjd lk/ku
Eg.kts Hkkkkkq/nh! Hkkkkkq/nhps vkanksyu vf[ky laLrfuB fganh gh jkVHkkkk oLrqr% gksvw kdsy] rs dls
rs iq<s ikgwvqnwZfuB ^ fganqLFkkuh* gh jkVHkkkk vkf.k vqnwZ fyih gh tksM jkVfyih d:u lksM.;klkBh vsdk
izcG xVkpk dlwu iz;Ru pkyysyk vkgs gs ;sFki;Zar lkafxrysp vkgsgk xV lksMyk vlrk ^laLrfuB* k O;korZd foksk.kkl cqt.kkjk vkf.k Lor%l e/;e Eg.kwu
Eg.kfo.kkjk nqljk vsd xV vkgs- R;kauk fganh gh jkVHkkkk fu nsoukxjh ghp jkVfyih Ogkoh gs ekU; vkgsi.k fganh Eg.kts dkk izdkjph fganh ;k fok;hP;k R;kaP;k dYiuk xks/a kGysY;k vkgsr- vqnkgj.kkFkZ] jkVirh
MkW- jktsaizlkn vsdk Hkkk.kkr Eg.kkys] ^th loZlk/kkj.k yksdkr cksyyh] fyfgyh tkrs rh fganhp jkVHkkkk
gks;-* i.k yksdkr Eg.kts dks.kP;k yksdkr\ y[kukSP;k cktwyk cksyY;k tk.kk;k fganhr vjch] ifkZ;u
kCn ksdMk ikkli;Zar vk<Grkr- frdMph fyfgyh tk.kkjh fganh Eg.kts rj toGtoG nsoukxjhr
fyfgysyh vqnwZp Eg.kk;ph] fookgkyklq/nk ck;dkeqys ^kknh* Eg.krkr vkf.k nsokyk ^gs ekfyd* fdaok
^[kqnk*! vqyVi{kh cukjlP;k vklikl cksyY;k fyfgY;k tk.kk;k fganhr laLr kCnkaps izek.k vq.ksiqjs
ksdMk ;kgkkji;Zar iMrs- rh fganh egkjkV caxky izHk`fr izkarkr uqlrh vSdwulq/nk cgq/kk letw kdrsnqljs vqnkgj.k eqacvhps x`gea=h Jh- eqjkjthHkkvh nslkvh kaps- rs vfydMsp Eg.kkys] ^vgks] laLd`r kCn
fganhr ?;kos Eg.kts dk;\ ?ksrysp ikfgtsr- i.k Hkkksr vk/khp :Gysys vqnwZ] fvaxzth ijdh; kCn cGsp
dk<wu Vkdkosr vkk erkl ek>k fojks/k vkgs:GysY;k ijdh; kCnkaph ekfydk
ijarq vkt :Gysys ijdh; kCn Eg.kts dks.krs fu fdrh\ fganhHkkkh; izkarkrhy dks.kR;kgh uxjkr
ikvwy Vkdk- jktekxkZr nksUgh cktwauh ^DykWFk LVksvlZ*] ^tujy epZaV*] ^Msvjh*] ^jktiky vWaM lUl]
cqdlsyj*] ^.keWUku*] ^vk;LiskkfyLV*] ^gsvj dfVax lywu*] ^Jhjke okWfkax daiuh* vkk ikV;kaP;k
Vkdk( ^dk;nk] ekeysnkj] QkStnkj] gokykr] tkehu] gqdqeukek] odhy] fQ;kZn* fvR;knh vqnwZ kCnkapk
vsdp /kqekdwG vqMkysyk- dksVkZr ikvwy Vkdk( ^yW] fiuydksM] fifVku] visysV] lsDku] ttesaV vihy]
ckj:e izHk`fr fvaxzth kCnkapk ikvwl iMw ykxsy- ?kjkr tk( ^vkvwV] fvu*P;k ikV;k [kksY;koj] dqVaqckr
^felsl] feLVj] lsfjeuh* izHk`rh kCn L=h&iq:akkP;k rksaMh :Gysys] laHkkk.kkr nksu fganh kCnkae/kwu rhu
vqnwZ ok fvaxzth kCn [kPpwu Hkjysys] :< >kysys frFks foKkukP;k ifjHkkksph xksV dk; lkaxkoh!
fvaxzth kCnkaokpwu fopkj O;fo.ksp frFks nq?kZV fvrds ds oSKfud ijdh; kCn ^vkt :Gysys*]
rsOgk ^vkt :Gysys idjh; kCn ek= jkVh; Hkkksrwu cGsp dk<w udk]* Eg.k.ks Eg.kts vBjk /kkU;kaps

dMcksGs >kysY;k ;k vktP;k cktk: fu ckVX;k fganhlp jkVHkkksP;k izkS< fu ifo= ihBkoj LFkkik vlsp
Eg.k.;klkj[ka vkgs ;kLr ^laLd`rfuB* foksk.kkal cqt.kk;k ;k ek/;fed i{kkP;k R;k jkVHkkksP;k
Lo:ikalaca/khP;k O;k[;kgh HkksaxGlqrh vkgsr- rFkkih fganh nsoukxjh Lohdkj.;kfok;h R;kaPkk ewyxkeh fojks/k
ulY;keqGs ^laLrfuB* Eg.kts dk; kph vf/kd QksM d:u lkafxrY;kl R;kaP;krhy iqdGkaph letwr
iVwu rs ^laLrfuB fganh ghp vkeph jkVHkkkk* ;k erkps gks.;kpk vqRdV laHko vkgs- rh QksM iq<s
djhrp vkgksvqnwZ fu fganh ;karhy ewyHkwr izHksn
vqnwZ fu fganh kr [kjk izHksn dk; vkgs gs LiVi.ks dks.kh lglk lkaxr ulY;keqGs cgqrsd yksdkauk
R;krhy fuoM dj.;kpk okn vso<k dk ektokok gsp dGr ukgh- ejkBh fdaok rkehG vkf.k fganh kr
ewyxkeh Hksn ukgh( i.k vqnwZ fu fganh krhy izHksn ewyxkeh vkgs- R;kaps O;kdj.k cgqrkakh vsd vlys
rjh R;k nks?kh nksu fHkk laLrhP;k izfrd vkgsr- vqnwZ frykp fganqLFkkuh gs Nh uko iMysys vkgs& gh
eqfLye laLrhrwu tUeyh vlY;keqGs frP;koj vjch dqjk.k ijk.kkaph] lanHkkZph] ladsrkph] eukso`khph
Nk;k ?kunkVi.ks iMysyh vl.kkjp- frP;kr vjch&ifkZ;u kCnkaph jsypsy vl.kkj- vqnwZpk fiaMp
eqfLye& vjch vkgs ;kLro rh vkEgkal ijdh okV.kkjp- fryk vkEgh vkeP;k fganqLFkkukph] fganwjkVkph]
jkVHkkkk Eg.kwu dsOgkgh eku.kkj ukgh- vqyVi{kh fganh gh fganw laLrhP;k dqkhrwu tUeysyh] laLrP;k
nw/kkoj tksiklysyh] frpk fiaM] izokh] HkkoHkkouk] lanHkZ] ladsr] dksk] dk;k vkeP;k Hkkjrh; thoukkh
lejl >kysY;k! ;kLro rh fganh vkEgkal vkeph Lodh; Hkkkk okVrs- fryk vkEgh vkeP;k fganqLFkkukph
jkVh; Hkkkk ts vkuankus ekuw kdrks rsgh ;kLrop gs LiVi.ks lkaxwu Vkd.ks drZO;p Eg.kwu rs lkaxwu
Vkdhr vkgksrHkkkkkq/nhph lw=s
Okjhy izHksn /;kukr ?ksryk Eg.kts jkVHkkkk fganh gh laLrfuBp dk vlyh ikfgts rsgh vkiksvkip LiV
gksrs vkf.k laLrfuBrsps lk/ku Eg.kts Hkkkk kq/nhpk voyactsOgk lu 1924 e/;s vkEgh Hkkkkkq/nhps vaknksyu izdVi.ks pkyw dsys] rsOgk ^Hkkkkkq/nh* ukokph
vsd iqfLrdk Nkiyh gksrh] frP;k ifgY;kp ikukoj Hkkkkkq/nhph eq[; lw=s BlBkhri.ks xzfFkyhrsOgkiklwup R;kph ;FksPN ppkZ egkjkVkr okjaokj >kysyh vkgs- vkEgh rsOgkiklwup gsgh okjaokj lkaxr
vkyks dh] tsOgk dsOgk fganh gh vkeph jkVHkkkk vf/kd`ri.ks Bjfoyk tkvhy rsOgk frph ?kM.k fu fodkl
gkgh ;kp lw=kuqjks/ks dj.;klkBh gs Hkkkkkq/nhps vkanksyu vf[ky Hkkjrh; izek.kkoj pkyokos ykxsy rks
fpjdkaf{kr le; vkt vkyk vkgs- ;kLro vkrk jkT;?kVusvUo;sp vf/kd`ri.ks jkVHkkkk BjysY;k R;k
fganhP;k vuqjks/ks Hkkkkkq/nhph rh eq[; lw=s [kkyh nsr vkgksr1 xhokZ.k Hkkksrhy lkjkpk lkjk laLd`r kCnlaHkkj vkf.k laLd`rfuB vkk rkehG] rsyxw dkuMh
rs FksV dkfejh & vklkehi;Zar T;k vkeP;k izkafrd HkkkkHkfxuh vkgsr R;k lokZrhy ewGps izkd`r kCn gs
vkeP;k jkVHkkksP;k kCndkskkps ewy/ku] Lodh; kCnkps HkkaMoy vkgs-

2 txkrhy dks.kR;kgh Hkkksis{kk vkiY;k laLd`r Hkkksph l`tukh fvrdh cyokj vkgs( vqilxZ]
izR;;] la/kh] lekl] /kkrwlairhizHk`rh lk/kus frP;kr fvrdh foiqy vkgsr dh vokZphu foKkukph vok<O;
ifjHkkkk lkaxksikax O;fo.kkjs uos fu vkVksikhj kCn R;k laLd`re/kwu lgt fufeZrk ;srkr ;kLro R;k
vn~;ru foKkukl vuqokfnrkauk rjh ijdh; ifjHkkkk vkEgh vkeps uos uos laLrksRik kCn ikMwu
O;foyh ikfgts3 R;kpizek.ks txkrhy dks.kR;kgh ijdh; Hkkksr tj vs[kknh kSyh] okD;izpkj] eksM gh ljl ok
pVdnkj vk<Gyh rj rhgh vkRelkr~ d:u vkiY;k jkVHkkksr vo; vuqlfjyh tkohFkksMD;kr vls lkaxrk ;svhy dh] vuko;d vlk vsdgh vqnwZ fdaok fvaxzth izHk`rh ijdh; kCn
fganhr tquk >kyk vlyk rjh jkgw nsvw u;s] uok vlyk rjh ;svw nsvw u;s] i.k vo; rs ijdh; kCn
okij.;kl izR;okl ukgh( ex rs tqus vlksr ok uos- vo; dks.krs fu vuko;d dks.krs R;kaph dlksVh
;k ys[kkP;k izkjaHkh vqYysf[kysY;k lw=kao:u ikj[kwu ?;koh- ek/;fed i{kkpsgh ;k y{k.kkauh lek/kku
gksvhy vkh vkkk okVrsHkkkkkq/nhP;k ojhy fu;ekuqlkj ftph ?kM.k ?kMfoysyh vlsy fryk vkEgh ^laLrfuB fganh*
Eg.krks- vkeP;k Hkkjrh; jkVkph jkVHkkkk Eg.kwu rhp dk; rh kksHkw kdsy-

iz;ksxfl/n iqjkok
Hkkkkkq/nhojhy vk{ksi&izR;k{ksikaP;k oknkph egkjkVkr ifgY;k ngk okkZr th okoVG vqBko;kph
rh vqBwu xsyh vkf.k vkrk ejkBh lkfgR;kr rh vsd fpjLFkk;h fu lgt izo`khl gksvwu clyh vkgs- ijarq
fganhe/;s gs vkanksyu rhozrsus vls vkrkp pkyw >kys vlY;keqGs egkjkVkr vkt ukghls >kysys rs
izkFkfed vk{ksi fganh izkarkr uO;kusp dk<.;kr ;svuw okn ektkok gs lgkftdp vkgs- laLd`rfuBrk gk
vfrjsd vkgs] laLd`r ifjHkkkk vxMcac vlrs] R;keqGs Hkkkk ckstM gksrs] laLd`r uos kCn :Gfo.ks
vkD;] ijdh; kCnakuk vUoFkZd kCnp lkiMr ukghr fvR;knh kadkdqkadkaph ykV frdMs vqlGyh
vkgs- gk ys[k fganhe/;sgh Hkkkkarjhr gks.;kpk laHko vlY;kus k vk{ksikafok;h vkEgh fvrdsp lkaxrks dh
R;k vk{ksidkauk ojhy izdkjph Hkhrh [kjks[kjp okVr vlsy rj R;kauh Hkkkkkq/nhP;k ejkBhoj >kysY;k
lqifj.kkekpk [kkyhy iz;ksxfl/n iqjkok rso<k rjh ikfgyk rjh R;kph rh Hkhfr nwj gksvhy vkeP;k
Lor%P;k vuqHkokiqjrs tjh ikfgys rjh xsY;k ohl okkZar Hkkkkkq/nhP;k n`Vhus pkjks&ikpks Lodh; kCn
rjh ejkBhr vkEgh uO;kus ikMys fdaok tqus iqu%izpkjfoys- vFkkZr frrD;k vqnwZ ok fvaxzth ijkCnkauk [kks
fnyk- gs uos laLd`rfuB kCn cgqrsd ejkBhr vkt fvrds :Gwu xsysys vkgsr dh rs xsY;k ngkvsd okkZar
vkEgh gsrqr% uO;kus ikMysys vkgsr gs vqxoR;k fi<hl lkafxrys rjh lglk [kjs okVr ukgh- R;kpk ?kkvwd
iqjkok fvrdkp nsrk ;svhy dh] lu 1924 P;k iwohZph ejkBh o`kiks fu ejkBh lkfgR; pkGwu igkos
Eg.kts >kys- R;kr k kCnkrhy cgqrsd Lodh; kCn eqGhp vk<G.kkj ukghr vkf.k ts vxnh FkksMs
vk<Grhy rs vioknkiqjrsp- R;k ksdMks kCnkiSdh okuxhiqjrs- dkgh kCn [kkyh nsr vkgksr rs igk-

kaHkj kaHkj oksZ Hkkksr :Gysys vuko;d kCn ukeksk d:u vsdk ngk okkZr gs cgqrsd Lodh;
kCn ejkBhr :Gysp dh ukghr\ fpdkVh goh fvrdsp dk; rs! k ejkBhP;k iz;ksxkfl/n iqjkO;kus
vqRlkfgr gksvwu fjdkeVsdMs vk{ksi dk<hr u clrk vkeP;k fganh Hkkfkdkauh Hkkkkkq/nhps vkanksyu xsY;k
Lonskh vkanksyuklkj[ks oknGh osxkus QSykowu lksMkos( vqnwZ fvaxzthP;k exjfeBhrwu lksMowu fganhyk iw.kZ
laLd`rfuB fu laik d:u lksMkoh- rls Eg.kkos rj Lokeh n;kuanthaiklwu fdR;sd fganh ys[kdkauh
laLd`rfuBrsph lkaf?kd fu vf[ky Hkkjrh; vqBko.kh vkk izcGi.ks dsyh ikfgts dh ^;kus fganqLFkkuh* P;k
caMkpk u Hkwrks u Hkfo;rh vlk ckstokjk vqMwu tkok!
MkW- j?kqohj
R;krgh vkrk fganhyk laLrfuB jkVHkkksps dk;Z dj.;kfvrdh leFkZ] laik fu lokZaxiw.kZ
dj.;kps dk;Z vaxkoj ?ks.;kl MkW- j?kqohjkalkj[ks dk;drsZ iq<s ;sr vkgsr- gh vsdk vFkhZ Hkkkkkq/nhP;k
vkanksyukph lQyrkp gks;- laLrfuB ifjHkkkk fufeZ.;kl ts ts xq.k vo; rs rs loZ T;kaP;k Bk;h
vqRdVrsus fuolr vkgsr R;k MkW- j?kqohjkauh jkT;?kVuspsgh fganhr Hkkkkarj dssysys vlwu nSuafnu
jkT;O;ogkjkLro vkaXy Hkkjrh; izkklu kCndksk gh izfl/nhyk vkgs- R;kpizek.ks okvhP;k rdZrhFkZ
y{e.kkkL=h tkskh ;kauh jkT;?kVusps Hkkkkarj laLre/;sp dsysys vkgs- gs nksUgh xzaFk Hkkkkkq/nhP;k n`Vhus
l/;k cgqeksy vkgsr- R;kaps lekykspu dj.;klkBh vsd Lora= ys[kp dsOgkrjh fygw- l/;k fvrdsp
lkax.ks iqjs dh] vkrk fganh] ejkBh] caxkyh izHk`rh loZ laLrfuB laikndkauh] ys[kdkauh fu Hkkfkdkauh
ijdh; vqnwZ] fvaxzth fvR;kfn kCnkauk ;k nks?kk egkiafMrkauh ts ts laLrfuB kCn ;kstysys vkgsr rs rs
vxnh rksaMikB d:u vkiY;k nSfud fy[kk.kkr fu laHkkk.kkrwu ;kst.;kph izfrKk djkoh vkf.k frps vxnh
dji.ks vkpj.k djkos- vls ngk lgL= izpkjd tj fganqLFkkukr vktP;k vkt fu?krhy uk rj ex c?kw
;sR;k ngk&ikp okkZP;k vkr laLrfuB fganhp dkh jkVHkkkk gksr ukgh rs !

. izk/;kid {khjlkxj vkf.k Hkkkkkq/nh

xsY;k tkusokjhr cMksns ;sFkhy 14O;k ok~e; ifjknsps ts vf/kosku >kys R;kps v/;{k izk{khjlkxj gs gksrs- R;kaP;k v/;{kh; Hkkk.kkr R;kauh Hkkkkkq/nhoj iqdGp dMd Vhdk dsysyh vkgsR;kfok;h vkeps er dk; vkgs rs dGkos Eg.kwu vusd t.kkauh fu Lor% {khjlkxj egkk;kauhgh
eueksdGsi.ks fvPNk iznkZfoY;keqGs ;k ys[kkr rs dGohr vkgksizk- {khjlkxj gs egkjkVkrhy vsd ukekafdr lekykspd vkgsr- ejkBhr ^Vhdkdkj* ;k kCnkpk
l/;k ^nksk fnXnkZd* vso<kp tks lkekU;r% vFkZ gksrks rkk vFkhZ rs Vhdkdkj ukghr- rj dks.kR;kgh
fok;kps ekfeZd] fop{k.k] nkskkaizek.ksp xq.kkapkgh ;Fkkor~ ijkekZ ?ks.kkjs vls rs vsd laHkfor lekykspd
vkgsr- rs Lor%p lkaxrkr R;kizek.ks R;kaps izLrqrps Hkkk.kgh ejkBh Hkkksfok;h fu lkfgR;kfok;h R;kauk
okV.kk;k dGdGhps |ksrd vkgs- k Hkkk.kkr R;kauh vktP;k ejkBh lkfgR;kP;k fdR;sd iSywafok;h
vqn~cks/kd vqgkiksg dsysyk vkgs- R;k {ks=kr ?kM.kk;k vusd izeknkaps ifjJekus fVi.k d:u rs VkG.;kpk
tks vqik; R;kauk lqpyk rks lkafxryk vkgs- R;kaps Hkkk.k R;k R;k izdj.kh euuh; vkgs- rFkkfi dkykHkkoh
fu LFkykHkkoh R;kaP;k Hkkkkkq/nhP;k foospukiqjrkp dk; rks R;kpk ijkekZ k yss[kkr vkEgkal ?;kok ykxr
vkgs- ;kpk vkEgkalgh [ksn okVrks- iqUgk ;k fok;kaoj R;kauh vs[kknk oS;fd ys[k fyfgyk vlrk rj rh
xksV fujkGh gksrh- i.k gs Hkkk.k R;kauh vsdk ok~e; ifjknsP;k v/;{kh; ihBko:u fnys vlY;kus R;kyk
FkksMsls LFkkuegkRE; vkysys vkgs- keqGs vxnhp vqis{kk djrk ;sr ukghHkkkkkq/nhps {khjlkxj] gs izFkeiklwup dMos fojks/kd vkgsr- izFke izFke rks lkgftdp gksrk- lu
1924 e/;s vkEgh gs vkanksyu la?kfVri.ks pkyw dsY;kuarj R;kosGP;k lkfgR;kjFkh letY;k xsysY;k
cgqrsd x`gLFkkauh Hkkkkkq/nhfok;h fojks/kdkaph Hkwfedkp ?ksrysyh gksrh- lkfgR;klaesyukps v/;{kin T;kauh
dsOgkrjh Hkwkfoys vkk nksu&rhu iz[;kr lkfgfR;kdkaph vqnkgj.ks iqjkok Eg.kwu fnyh rjh iqjs vkgsr- dS
izk- ek/kojko iVo/kZukauh rj Hkkkkkq/nh fojks/kdkaps R;kosGh usr`Ro Lohdkjys gksrs- ijarq vkeps ys[k dsljhr
lu 1925 e/;s vkY;kuarj rs Hkkkkkq/nhps fvrds vsdfuB iqjLdrsZ cuys dh] R;kauh vkEgklgh vqnwZ
kCnkojhy cfgdkjkr ekxs Vkdys- R;kauh ^Hkkkkkq/nh foosd* Eg.kwu ts iqLrd fyfgys vkgs R;kr R;kauh
EgVys vkgs dh Hkkkkkq/nhps eeRo lkojdjkaP;k ys[kekfydsoj fopkj djhr vlrkuk eyk izFke dGys
R;kosGps nqljs lkfgR;jFkh Eg.kts dS Jhikn .k dksYgVdj- R;kaP;k fojks/kh ys[kkauk vkEgh 16 twu 1927
ps J/nkuankps vadkr ts vqkj fnys] rs okpY;koj R;kauh izdVi.ks izfl/n dsys dh] vuko;d vkk
fvaxth kCnkizek.ksp vqnwZ kCnkaukgh cfgdkjysp ikfgts gs Hkkkkkq/nhoknkps Rko O;ogkjkrgh vk.k.;kpk
eh fup; dsyk vkgs- lkfgR;lezkV rkR;kjko dsGdjkaphgh xksV rkhp ojhy iqLrdkr izk- iVo/kZu
fyfgrkr Jh- ujlksiar dsGdj gsgh Hkkkkkq/nhps ewGps fojks/kdp i.k lu 1936 P;k vklikl R;kapk
rkfod fojks/k ekoGyk- fvrD;k pGoGhuarj egkjkVkrhy ;k vxzslj ys[kdkaph Hkkkkkq/nhps RkRokyk
ekU;rk feGkyh- Jh- dsGdj ;kauh fvrD;k okkZakh tMysyh lo; lksMwu vuko;d vqnwZ] fvaxzth kCn

kD;rks u okij.;kph uoh lao; ykowu ?ks.;kpk fup; ;k o;kr kV;CnhiwohZuarj djkok gs R;kaP;k
RkRofuBsps fu izxrhkhyrsps |ksrd vkgs- vkk vusd lkfgR;jFkhZpk fojks/k ekoGr xsyk fu Hkkkkkq/nh
eaMGkP;k lf; vkanksyukus ejkBhoj frph Nki vf/kdkf/kd iMr xsyh- rFkkfi R;kosGh vsd vqilkfgfR;d
Eg.kwup x.kys tk.kk;k {khjlkxjkapk fojks/k ek= u ekoGrk rks vf/kdp dMok gksr xsyk- R;kauk okV.kkjk
fojks/k cksywu nk[kfo.;kps R;kaps Lokar; vkEgklgh ekU; vkgs- i.k R;kaP;k ;k izLrqrP;k Hkkk.kkr R;kauh
k fok;hkh laca/k vlysys vls ;qflaer vk{ksi dqBsgh u ?ksrk vktP;k ejkBh fy[kk.kkr] eqnz.kkr]
fk{k.kkr] uHkksok.khr] Hkkk.kkr R;kauh ts ts ukukizdkjs nksk vk<Gys R;kaph ljHkslG ppkZ djhr tkvwu
v/;se/;s fu ;srktkrk rs Hkkkkkq/nhps uko vkkizdkjs ?ksr xsys vkgsr dh t.kw dk; k loZ nkskkauk
Hkkkkkq/nhp dkj.k vkgs- gs R;kaps /kksj.k ek= ljG] lqlaxr fu ;ksX; ukgh- fvrj fok;kr rs th
lekykspdkph Hkwfedk ?ksrkr Eg.kwu vkEgh oj lkafxrys vkgs rh R;kaph Hkwfedk Hkkkkkq/nhpk izu fu?kkyk
dh vusdnk <Grs fu rs VhdkdkjkP;kp uOgs rj vxnh okkr VhdkdkjkP;kp [kkyP;k ikrGhoj ;srkrtj R;kauh Hkkkkkq/nhps R;kaps foospu ok vk{ksi fujkGs fu vsd= fnys vlrs rj R;kapk lekpkj ?ks.ks lksis
>kys vlrs- Hkkkkkq/nhph ewy lw=s vkEgh lu 1925 iklwu okjaokj lkaxr vkyks vlrkgh k fok;h
pdkj kCn u dk<rk Hkkkkkq/nhP;k fu jkVHkkksP;k vkkL=h; dYiuk ;k vk{ksikiklwu rks ;krp
ejkBhps ej.k vkgs- k vk{ksiki;Zar R;kauh dsoG vHk foksk.kkaphp dk; rh vqrj.k jpyh vkgsR;kis{kk rh Hkkkkkq/nhph ewYklw=s nsvwu ex rh dkh vkkL=h; vkgsr rs nk[kfoys vlrs rj R;kaph ppkZ
kkL=h; ;qfoknkyk /k:u >kyh vlrh- rFkkfi tjh vkEgh rsp rs lkaxr cl.;kl vkrk daVkGyks rjhgh
T;k vFkhZ {khjlkxkjkauh tqukV vk{ksip i.k uO;kus iq<s vk.kys vkgsr] T;k vFkhZ lkfgfR;dkaP;k uO;k
fi<hyk rh ewylw=s fdaok R;k vk{ksikaph tquh vqkjs ekfgr ulY;keqGs gs vk{ksi [kjs okV.;kpk laHko vkgs
R;k vFkhZ rh ewylw=s vsdnk iq<s Bsfoyh dh R;k dlksVhoj ikj[kys tkrkp {khjlkxjkaps HkkjkHkj vk{ksi
vkiksvki [kksVs iMrkr vkf.k T;k vFkhZ izpkjkpk vkRekp iqu:h vlY;keqGs Hkkkkkq/nhps eeZ uO;k
fi<hyk lkax.ks gs vifjgk;Z drZO;p vkgs R;k vFkhZ vkEgh rh ewylw=s iqUgk vsdnk FkksMD;kr [kkyh nsr
vkgksrHkkkkkq/nhph ewylw=s
1 fxokZ.k Hkkksrhy lkjkpklkjk laLr kCnlaHkkj vkf.k laLrfuB vkk rkfeG] rsyxw rs vklkeh]
dkfejh] xkSM] fHkYyh cksyhi;Zar T;k vkeP;k izkafrd Hkkkk Hkfxuh vkgsr r;k lokZarhy ewGps izkafrd
kCn gs loZ vkeP;k jkVHkkksP;k kCndkskkps ewYk/ku] Lodh; kCnkps HkkaMoy gks;2 k vkiY;k jkVh; kCnHkkaMkjkr T;k oLrwaps fopkjkaps okpd kCn gksrs ok vkgsr ok fufeZrk ;srkr R;k
vFkkZps vqnwZ] fvaxzth izHk`rh ijdh; kCn oki: u;sr] tj rls ijdh; kCn vkiY;k iwohZP;k f<ykvheqGs
vkiY;kr ?kqlys vlrhy rj R;kauk gqMdwu dk<wu Vkdkos- v|ru foKkukph ifjHkkkk uosuos laLr
izkrksRik kCn ikMwu O;foyh tkoh3 ijarq T;k ijnskh oLrw fvR;knh vkiY;kdMs uOgR;k- R;keqGs T;kauk vkiys Lodh; tqus kCn lkiMr
ukghr vkf.k T;kauk R;kaP;k R;k ijdh; kCnkalkj[ks lqVlqVhr Lodh; kCn dk<.ks nq?kZV tkrs vls ijdh;

kCn ek= vkiY;k Hkkksr tlsps rls ?ks.;kl izR;ok; ulkok- tls% cwV] dksV] tkdhV] xqykCk] ftych]
cqejWax] Vscy] Vsful fvR;knh- rFkkih vkk UkO;k oLrw vkiY;kdMs ;srkp R;kauk dks.kh Lodh; ukos nsvwu
rh :Gowu nk[kohy rj vqkep4 R;kpizek.ks txkrhy dks.kR;kgh ijdh; Hkkksr tj vs[kknh kSyh ok iz;ksx ok eksM gh ljl ok
pVdnkj okVyh rj rhgh vkRelkr dj.;kl vkMdkB ulkohfuOOkG dqHkkaM
;k ewylw=kaoj vk/kkjysyk Hkkkkkq/nhP;k vkanksyukoj vlk vsdrjh vk{ksi {khjlkjxjkau
?ksrk vkyk vkgs dk\ ejkBh Hkkksoj frP;k [kkyhy O;kogkfjd ifj.kkekafok;h rjh R;kauh R;k fok;kkh
lqlaxr vkh cka/kslwn ppkZ R;k Hkkk.kkP;k vs[kk|k Nsndkr] dsyh vkgs dk\ ftFks ftFks R;kauh rkh ppkZ
dj.;kpk ns[kkok vqRik dsyk vkgs] frFk frFks ts Hkkkkkq/nhps Eg.k.ks ukgh frps Eg.k.ks vkgs vlk foi;kZl
d:up ukgh ukgh rs vkjksi dsysys vkgsr- Hkkk.kkP;k ifgY;k rhu&pkj ikukrp R;kauh dks.;k o`ki=kP;k
dks.;k lksykiwjP;k ckrehnkjkus ^vqoZfjr* gk kCn pqdhP;k vFkhZ okijyk] vsdk lkIrkfgdkr ^vareqZ[k* k
kCnkps Bk;h varHkZwr thou gk kCn okijyk vkh fuukoh vqnkgj.ks nsvwu yxsp EgVys vkgs dh] ek>h
gkdkVh vFkZkwU; fu ckstM kCn okij.;kP;k ckSf/nd forhlaca/kh vkgs xsY;k 25 okkZar Eg.ktsp
Hkkkkkq/nhP;k vkxzgkeqGs vuf/kdkjh O;faukgh kCnfufeZrhph lun feGkY;kiklwu & ejkBh kCnlaxzgkr
Qkj eksBh ok< >kysyh vkgs- i.k kCnkaph kq/n :is fu kq/n vqPpkj ;kaph gkuh >kyh vkgs- vkrk]
R;kauh fnysY;k vqnkgj.kkaPkk Hkkkkkq/nhkh dk; laca/k\ Hkkkkkq/nhph th lq=s oj fnysyh vkgsr- R;kr kD;
rks Lodh; kCn okijkosr vso<kp vkxzg vkgs- vFkZkwU;] ckstM fu vkq/n kCnp okijys ikfgtsr vlk
dk R;kr vkxzg /kjysyk vkgs\ xsY;k iapohl okkZaiwohZ vxnh ekstwu va! dks.kR;kgh lkIrkfgdkr fdaok
dks.;kgh ckrehnkjkus vkq/n ok pqdhpk kCn okijysyk vlk vk<Gr ukgh] kq/n fu lkFkZ kCnkaps rs
dsoG lR;;qx gksrs vkf.k xsY;k 25 O;k okkZaP;k ifgY;kp nqV fnolkaiklwu dk; rs vkq/nrsps dfy;qx
pkyw >kys vls dk {khjlkxjkauk Eg.kko;kps vkgs\ cjs( rsgh x`ghr /k:] rjhgh R;kp fnokh
Hkkkkkq/nhoknkus vukf/kdkjh O;haukgh kCnfufeZrhph th ^lun* fnyh Eg.kwu {khjlkxj lakxrkr rh ewG
lun fdaok frph funku nq;e izr rjh rs vkeP;kdMs fdaok Hkkjr fvfrgkl lakks/ku eaMGkP;k
laxzgky;kdMs /kkM.;kph ik djrhy dk;\ R;krY;k R;kr fvrds cjs >kys dh xsY;k iapohl okkZar ts
Hkwdai >kys] foekus dkslGyh] vfro`Vh >kyh rs lkjs kp Hkkkkkq/nheqGs >kys] dkj.k rh k iapohl
okkZar tUeyh fu cGkoyh] fvrdsgh Bklwu lkax.;kl {khjlxj foljyss! R;kaP;k ojhy vqrk;krhy ksoVps
okD; rj Hkkkkkq/nhfo:/n R;kauh dsysY;k dsfVekpk dGlp vkgs] rs Eg.krkr] Hkkkkkq/nhP;k vkxzgkeqGs----- kCnkaph kq/n :is fu kq/n vqPpkj ;kaph gkuh >kyh vkgs- kCnkaps vqPpkjgh vkq/n djhr tk vls
Hkkkkkq/nh Eg.kkyh va\ gs vSdwu vkEgkyklq/nk frP;k fookl?kkrdhi.kkpk /kkd okVw ykxyk vkgs- R;k
Hkkkkkq/nhpk fu vkePkk fvrdh oksZ fvrdk ftOgkG;kpk ifjp; vlrkgh frus ek>k laca/k ejkBh
kCnkakhp dk; rks vkgs- vso<sp dk; rs vkEgkl lkafxrys gksrs- ijarq ejkBh kCnkaps vqPPkkjgh rh
fc?kfo.kkj vkgs ;k frP;k varLFk nwV gsrwpk vqP;kjlq/nk frus vkeP;kikkh d/kh dsyk ukgh!

fo|kF;kZauks] rqEgh ;ou kCnkaps Bk;h ;kSou fu ;kSou kCnkps Bk;h ;ou kCn okijhr tk(
tqGo.kk;kauks] rqEgh Nikvhph tqG.kh djrkuk fokskr% {khjlkxjkaps gs Hkkk.k Nkirkuk kD; frrds eqnz.k
nksk djk( uHkksok.khojhy oDR;kauks] rqEgh laLr kCn vkq/ni.ks vqPpkjhr tk( uHkksok.khoj v;ksX;
O;hauk usek( yksdkauks] ?ku;ke kCn ?ku%;ke vlk fu kjPpa kCn kjpa vlk fu n`; kCn n`;
vlk ikV;kaoj fyfg.;kph pwd gVdwu djhr tk(* vlk vqinsk Hkkkkkq/nhP;k izorZdkauh d/kh rjh fnysyk
vkgs dk\ ijarq lkfgR; {ks=kr ?kM.kk;k vkk ukukfo/k nkskkaps ifj.kke ngkai/kjk ikukrwu djhr djhr e/;sp
kh.kd vkY;klkj[ks vsdne vqlGwu {khjlkxj lkaxrkr]gs lkjs Hkkksrhy nksk dj.kkjs ys[kd vsdk fofkB
laiznk;kpsp vkgsr- rks laiznk; eksMwu dk<yk ikfgts gs ek>s vktps ^izfriknu* vkgs--------k {ks=kr
fganqRooknh] xka/khoknh] lektoknh vkf.k lkE;oknhgh lkj[ksp vijk/kh vkgsr- izkjaHk ek= Hkkkkkq/nhoknh
fganqRofuBkauh dsyk- ;k n`Vhus rs ;k nkskkyk vf/kd fganqRofuBkauh dsyk- ;k n`Vhus rs ;k nkskkyk vf/kd
tckcnkj vkgsr vso<sp dk; rs-* ;koj {khjlkxj iarksthauk vkeps fvrdsp vqkj vkgs dh R;kaP;k T;k
dks.;k fo|kF;kZus ;ou kCnkaps Bk;h ;kSou kCn okijyk] rkh pwd vki.kgh fvFks ^izfriknu* gk rdZkq/n
foospukrp dk; rks kksHk.kkjk kCn okij.;kr djrk vkgk- Hkkkkkq/nh oknkkh rdZkqf/noknkkh cknjk;.k
laca/klq/nk ulysys gs HkkjkHkj nksk frP;keqGs ?kMrkr vls Hkklfo.kkjh gh vkiyh vsd vMk.kh piGkvh
vkgs] fuOOkG dkaxkok vkgs] vsd dqHkkaM vkgs& izfriknu uOgsgk Eg.ks ^tkfroar* ejkBhpk vfHkeku!
^Hkkkkkq/nhpk foMk fganqRofuBkauhp ikfgY;kus vqpyyk* gs ^nksk* nk[kfo.;klkBh dk gksvhuk i.k
{khjlkxjkauh ekU; djkos kr fganqRofuB Lor%pk xkSjop ekurhy- lektl oknh izHk`rh fvrj i{kgh
laLrfuB kCnkauh ejkBhph laikh fu kksHkk ok<ohr vkgsr gh vkuankph xksV vkgs- fojks/kfodkl]
JeewY;] oxZfoxzg] kklulaLFkk] Hkkook<] vqRiknd/ku] fu HkksX;/ku] izHk`rh vusd uos vFkZiw.kZ] Lodh;
kCn R;kauh ekDlZ oknkojhy ejkBh iqLrdkrwu ;kstysys vkgsr- ^yksdekU;* i=kps laiknd xkMxhG ;kaps
vkEgh vsdnk ;kfok;h izR;{k vfHkuanugh dsys gksrs- i.k {khjlkxjkaP;k ^tkfroar* ejkBhl ek= ;keqGs
eGeGwu ;sr vkgs- vjchfuB vqnwZ fu ikyZesaV] dkSfUlylkj[ks ijds kCn ?ksrysp ikfgtsr gk T;k
{khjlkxjkapk ;k Hkkk.kkr vq?kMvq?kM vkxzg vkgs- kykp ts vqnkj.kk letrkr rsp {khjlkxj fganh]
caxkyhlkj[;k vkeP;k Hkkkk Hkfxuharwulq/nk ^vqkjnkf;RRo( gkfnZd] lkfgfR;d]* vls kq/n laLr kCngh
ejkBhr okijys tkrkr] kfok;h fuks/k dj.;kfvrdds ^vkdaqfpr* curkr- laLr gk vkeP;k loZ izkr
Hkkkkapk lekvhd kCnjRukdj vkgs- fganhr ejkBhrys ^gqRkkRek] ekad] fnukad* izHk`rh kCn ?ksrys tkrkrlaLrfuB fganh gh jkVHkkkk >kyh vlrk vkeP;k laLrfuB ejkBhyk dkghp Hk; ukgh- Hk; vkgs rs
vqnwZfuB ^;kus fganqLFkkuh*ps- fvfrgklkyk ^rofj[k* fu fk{k.kkyk ^rkyhe* Eg.kk gk vq?kM g /kj.kkjh gh
^;kus fganqLFkkuh* jkVHkkkk >kY;kl vqnwZ kCnkauk yksa<kps yksa<k ejkBhr iqUgk ?kqlys gs vkgs [kjs ladV- i.k
{khjlkxjkauh R;k ^;kus fganqLFkkuh* fo:/n pdkj kCnlq/nk dk<ysyk ukgh- dkj.k R;kaP;k tkfroar ejkBhps
fu ^;kaus fganqLrkuh*ps xks=p eqGh vsd!

;keqGsp ckSf/nd] lkekfjd] ukSny] lkalfnd] fo/ks;d] voS/k ;klkj[ks kCn nSfudkaP;k jk=ikGhr
isaxr isaxrk dk okijrk Eg.kwu vqilaikndkauk {khjlkxj /kedohr vkgsr- ojhy lkj[ks kq/n] izkS<] vFkZiw.kZ
kCn ts vqilaiknd fu laiknd dk<w kdrkr] rsp vkt ejkBhps oSHko] kf fu lksToGrk ok<ohr
vkgsr- tj [kjks[kjp vls vqke kCn dks.kh vqilaiknd isaxr vlrkukgh dk<w kdr vlsy rj R;kaph rh
isaxr] ikyZesaVlkj[ks kCnlq/nk ijdh; Hkkksrwu ?kjkr ?ksvhu vls eg.k.kk;k tkrhoar ejkBhP;k popky
tkxj.kkis{kk] vf/kd kq/nhoj gksrh{khjlkxj egkk;kauh ^vkq/n* Eg.kwu vkEgh lqpfoysyk ^v|kor* gk kCngh osBhl /kjyk vkgsvkf.k lkafxrys vkgs dh] lqekjs ohl okkZauarj eaqcvh ljdkjus rks v|;kor~ vlk lq/kk:u fnyk- gh ekfgrh
pwd vkgs- vkEgh up to date k kCnkyk izFkep rhu kCn lqpfoys- v|;kor] v|kor fu v|ruizfrHkk ekfld uksOgsacj 1935 vkf.k rsOgkiklwu gs okjaokj lkafxrys vkgs dh] ewG kCn ^v|;kor~* gk
laLd`rkr kq/n ijarq rks izkrke/;s frP;k eksMhizek.ks vkq/n gks.kkj ukgh- laLr kCn izkrkr izkr
O;kdj.k fu :<h ;kaP;keqGs vlsp vk[kwM fu lqVlqVhr gksrkr- R;kaph vqnkgj.ks vkEgh izkajHkhp fnysyh
gksrh] dh tls ;Pp;kor~ gk ewG kCn lk/kkj.kr% izkrkr vqPpkjrkuk ^;Ppkor~* vlk vqPpkjyk tkrksrlsp ^v|kor~* k izkr :ikfok;h letkos- vXU;kxkjkps izkr :Ik vX;kjh] Kkusojkaps X;kuck rlsp
gs- izFkep gh ppkZ vkEgh dsysyh vlY;keqGs ^ohl okkZuarj eqacvh ljdkjus gh pwd lq/kkjyh gs Eg.k.ks
feF;k vkgs- i.k vkq/nrsphp vMp.k vlsy rj {khjlkxjkauh kq/n :Ik ts ^v|&;kor~* rs okijkosv|ru Ogk kCn ;kstkok- gs :Ik nksUgh kq/n kCngh vkEgh ^v|kor~* gs :Ik lqpfoys- R;kposGh
lqpfoysys vkgsr- cjs] vkEgh lqpfoys Eg.kqup rs kCngh udks vlrhy rj kauh R;kapk vs[kknk Lodh;
kCn lqpokok- vkEgh pkaxyk vlY;kl rksp oki:- i.k viVwMsV vkf.k R;krgh vktrkxk;rlkj[kk
/ksMxqtjh fu ckMxk kCn tks {khjlkxjkaP;k ^thoar ejkBhr* [kirks rks ek= oki: u;sT;kauk [ksMoG EgVys tkrs R;k ejkBh yksdkr th [k.k[k.khr fu jksdMh cksyh cksyyh tkrs] rhrp
[kjs ftoar fu Lodh; ejkBh kCn lkiMrkr- rs vkEgkl vfrk; vkoMrkr- ijarq {khjlkxj ftyk tkfroar
ejkBh Eg.krkr rh dkh vlrs] gs R;kaP;k ;kp Hkkk.kkrhy ejkBho:u ikgw Eg.kts laiysTkfroar dlyh & gh vkgs ikfdLrkuh ejkBh!
ekxkZrwu jaxhr ikVhoj dqBs ^?ku%;ke* vlk vkq/n kCn fyfgysys ikgwu R;kuk phM vkyh Eg.kwu
Hkkk.kkr rs lkaxrkr% rs Bhdp- ijarq R;kp ekxkZekxkZrwu DykWFk epZaV] qV ekdsZViklwu rks okWfkx daiuh]
gsvj dVhax lywui;Zar T;k ksdMks ikV;k ykxysY;k vlrkr R;kaph dkgh R;kauk phM ;sr ukgh] Hkkk.kkr
R;k ckMX;k izo`khfo:/n pdkj kCn ukgh- R;kaP;k Hkkk.kkr ^R;k fkok;* R;k [ksjht gs kCn pkGhr ikkl
osGk] dqBsrj vsdk okD;krwu vusdnk vkys vkgsr- i.k tj R;k vqnwZ kCnkps Bk;h ^R;k okpwu ^R;k fouk*
fvR;knh Lodh; kCn ;kstys vlrs- rj ejkBh dk; ^HkzV* >kyh vlrh\ ^cy* kCn rj R;kaP;k
Hkkk.kkr uqlrk cksdkGyk vkgs- R;kps Bk;h R;k fok;h] R;k laca/kh] R;k izdj.kh fvR;knh vusd Lodh;
i;kZ; vlrk R;kauk rs fkor ukghr- tckcnkjh] cstckcnkj gs kCngh rs ikl osGk okijrhy i.k
vqkjnkf;Ro] nkf;RokwU; gs Lodh; kCn fganh caxkyhrwu ?ksrys Eg.kwu ;krp ejkBhps ej.k vkgs] vls

R;kauk okVrs- ^dk;nk* kCnkyk ejkBhr izfrkCn Lodh; vlk vqjyk ukgh ;kph R;kauk [kar okVr ukghi.k voS/k kCn vSdrkp rs ^=Lr* gksrkr- Hkkkkkq/nhP;k izo`khus krko/kh kq/n Lodh; kCn ejkBhr
:Gys vlrkgh R;kps dkSrqd u okVrk R;kr vsdnk vkq/n kCn lkirks] dh ukgh ;kfok;h R;kaph ys[k.kh
dkoG;klkj[kh Vir vkgs- rsgh vlks- i.k dk;nsiafMr] dk;nskkL=] dk;|kRed] dk;nk vls ijdh
/ksMxqtjh kCn ejkBhr ;srk tkrk okijys tkr vlrkgh R;k vkq/npsph ?kk.k ek= R;kauk ;sr ukgh- vqyV
^fof/keaMG* gk kCn ejkBhr :Gyk vlrkgh rs R;kaP;k Hkkk.kkr dk;nseaMG] gk e: ?kkrysyk vkq/n
ijdh kCnp iqUgk iqUgk okijrkr- eFkGk] khkZd gs Lodh; kCn vlrk gsMykvhu] izk/;kid vlrk
izksQslj] tqGkjh lksMwu daikWf>Vj vls fdR;sd fvaxzth kCn R;kaP;k ^lkfgfR;d* Hkkk.kkr MkSykus okojr
vkgsr- rgk] vankt] cslqekj] exnwj] [kktxh] [kkrj] ydj] [kcjnkjh] eryc] kgj] isk] utj]
fvykt] [kkl] dk;e] vftckr] vgoky] t:j] vkk vuko;d vjch vqnwZ kCnkapk R;kaps Hkkk.kkr
uqlrk cqtcqtkV >kysyk vkgs ;k kCnkauk Lodh; kCn vlrkgh] Hkkkk kq/nhoj lwM vqxfo.;kps
iapeLraHkh; lek/kku vqiHksfx.;kdfjrkp dh dk; gs vuko;d fvaxzth vqnwZ kCn rs gVdwu ikuksikuh
okijrkr gh vkgs R;kaph ^tkfroar ejkBh!* jkVHkkksr funku 33 Vs rjh vjsch vqnwZ kCn Bsoysp ikfgtsr
Eg.kwu vq?kMi.ks g /kj.kk;k dkgh ^;kus fganqLFkkuh* okY;kaizek.ks izk/;kid {khjlkxjkauhgh vkh izfrKkp
dsysyh fnlrs dh ^Hkkkkkq/nhfo|kauks rqeP;k laLrfuB ejkBhph eh ikfdLrkuh ejkBh d:u lksMhu rjp
ukokpk {khjlkxj ! ukghrj uko ikyVwu nsvhu-
rlsp vlsy rj Vhdkdkj {khjlkxjkauk vkEgh dkghp fouarh d: fvfPNr ukgh- ijarq lekykspd
{khjlkxjkafok;h vkEgkl tks ;Fkkizek.k vknj vkgs- R;keqGs R;kauk ek= ksoVh vsd fouarh] jkVh;
LokfHkekukik;hp fu LoHkkksP;k izfrBslkBhp] djkohkh okVrs dh] R;kauh vsd vkBoMkHkj rjh
Hkkkkkq/nhfo:/n R;kaps ts dkgh iwoZxzg vlrhy rs vxnh vsdk cktwl Bsokos] lekykspdkyk kksHksy vkk
kkar fu lekfgr eu%fLFkrhr Hkkkkkq/nhph oj fnysyh ewylw=s rso<h iq<s Bsokoh vkf.k Lor%yk fopkjkos dh
ijdh;kauh ryokjhps cGkoj vkeP;koj th ijkjkT;s LFkkfiyh R;k nq%[kn fu vok dkGkr vkeP;k
Hkkksrgh R;k nq%[kn fu vok dkGkr vkeP;k euksHkwehr ijk=wauh vqHkkjysY;k ;k vkeP;k ijkHkokP;k
lw{e Lekjdkauk R;k vuko;d fvaxzth] vqnwZ kCnkauk vkt vkepkgh fnol vqxoyk vlrk] rh fo/kehZ;
fu fojkVh; jkT;lkk vkt vkEgh vq[kMwu Vkdyh vlrk k vuko;d ijdh; kCnkaukgh dk vq[kMwu
Vkdw u;s\ vkiys Lodh; kCn dk oki: u;sr\ funku rls rs dks.kh okijys rj R;kr okoxs dk; vkgs\
vkkp Hkkousus fvaxzthyk vq[kMwu vk;jyaMus xWfyd Hkkkk iqu:Tthfor dsyh] vjschyk vq[kMwu
rqdhZuh Lodh; rqdhZ Hkkkk ftoar dsyh fu xsyh lgL= oksZ v{kjk% e`rizk; >kysyh gksrh rh fgczw Hkkkk
xsY;k vo?;k ngk okkZar T;wuh uqlrh ftoar dsyh ukgh rj rh jkVHkkkk d:u lksMwu ijjkV nwrkoklkargh
rhp okijyh ikghts Eg.kwu Bjowu Vkdys! v'kkp ohjksfpr Hkkousus fkoN=irhauh jkT;O;ogkj dksk
fygfoyk- R;kp ohjksfpr Hkkousus izsfjr gksvwu vkeP;k jkVHkkksps lkfgR;eafnj laLrfuBrsP;k cGdV fu
ifo= ik;koj vqHkkjo;kl gos& lekIr &