frequency planning is to provide optimized frequency design that will be used to perform frequency re-plan or tuning on the existing

assigned frequencies for a particular area or cluster the network.

1. Wireless communication between two points is established with the use of a transmitter and a receiver. 2. When two transmitters use frequencies close to one another their signals may interfere.

3.

4.

Interference depends aspects (distance b/w the transmitters, geographical position of the transmitters, the power of the signals, the direction in which the signals are transmitted and the weather conditions) In case the level of interference is high, the signal's quality may be so poor at the receiver that a proper reception is impossible.

1. EM spectrum for communication

2. Frequency band for communication

twisted pair

coax cable

optical transmission

1 Mm 300 Hz

10 km 30 kHz

100 m 3 MHz

1m 300 MHz

10 mm 30 GHz

100 m 3 THz

1 m 300 THz

VLF

LF

MF

HF

VHF

UHF

SHF

EHF

infrared

visible light UV

VLF = Very Low Frequency Frequency LF = Low Frequency MF = Medium Frequency HF = High Frequency VHF = Very High Frequency

UHF = Ultra High SHF = Super High Frequency EHF = Extra High Frequency UV = Ultraviolet Light

Frequency and wave length:

= c/f wave length , speed of light c 3x10 m/s, frequency f

8

S.No 1 2

Frequency Band ELF VF

Frequency Range 30 to 300 Hz 300 to 3000 Hz

Typical application Electrical power transmission Control systems Telecommunication for analog system.

3
4

VLF
LF

3 to 30 KHZ
30 to 300 KHZ

Submarine
Marine communication

5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12

MF
HF VHF UHF SHF EHF Infrared Visible light

300 to 3000 KHz

3 to 30 MHz 30 to 300 MHz 300 to 3000 MHz 3 to 30 GHz 30 to 300 GHz 300GHz to THz 400 THz to 900THz

AM broadcasting
Military communication FM broadcasting Mobile communication Microwave links Not used due to high loss Remote control Optical communication

Neeraj jangid Batch ECE A2 Roll .no.- 09MUBECE049