I HC THY SN KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN

C S D LIU PHN TN (Distributed database)

N
Ma Xun 2006

D g

ThS. Ng cThun BM H Thng Thng Tin

c u

h T

n a u

TI LIU THAM KHO

l l

l l l

l l

[1] M. Tamer Ozsu and Patrick Valduriez, "Principles of Distributed Database Systems," Second Edition, Prentice Hall 1999. [2] Stefano ceri, Giuseppe Pelagatti : Distributed Databases Principles & Systems. McGraw-Hill International Editions. 1984 [3] P. Bernstein, E. Newcomer, "Principles of Transaction Processing, Morgan Kaufmann, 1997. [4]. Trung Tun : C s D liu. NXB. Gio dc, 1997 [5] Ng B Tng Nhp mn CSDL phn tn, NXBKH&KT 2004 [6] Slide bi ging ca Anand Rajaraman (http://www.stanford.edu/class/cs347) [7] Bi ging C s D liu II - ca cc ging vin HBK H Ni

D g

c u

h T

n a u

CHNG I : TNG QUAN CSDLPT

l

CSDLPT l tp CSDL c quan h logic vi nhau v c tri trn 1 mng my tnh. Mi trm ca mng c kh nng x l t qun v c th thc hin cc ng dng cc b, mi mt trm cng c th tham gia vo t nht 1 ng dng ton cc, c yu cu truy xut d liu ti nhiu trm.

D g

c u

h T

n a u

CHNG I : TNG QUAN CSDLPT

Ch : c th d liu c phn tn (vt l) trn nhiu my. Tuy nhin, nu vic truy xut d liu ch ti duy nht mt my tch hp d liu ca cc my trn. Trng hp ny, khng thuc loi h thng c CSDL phn tn c xem xt.

D g

c u

h T

n a u

CHNG I : TNG QUAN CSDLPT

Ti sao cn CSDL-PT? l V d: Cng ty Big Corp. C vn phng ti London, New York, v Hong Kong. D liu Employee :
l

EMP(ENO, NAME, TITLE, SALARY, )

Chng ta nn t d liu EMP ny u?

D g

c u

h T

n a u

Big Corp. D liu mu

l

Hu nh, d liu nhn vin c qun l ti vn phng ni m nhn vin lm V d: Lung, ph cp, tin thu..

nh k, Big Corp cn hp nht truy xut n d liu nhn vin

V d: Tnh tng s lng cn tr cho bng cn i lng V d: Thng thm hng nm ph thuc li ch mng ton cc

D g

c u

h T

n a u

London Tr lng app

New York Tr lng app

EMP London New York

Internet
Hong Kong Tr lng app

Hong Kong

D g

apps tr lng ti NY v HK rt chm

c u

h T

n a u

London Tr lng app

New York Tr lng app

London

London Emp

New York

Internet
Hong Kong Tr lng app

Hong Konghn HK Emp

D g

Nhanh

c u

h T

NY Emp

n a u

nhiu!!

London Tr lng app Total payroll app

New York Tr lng app

London

London Emp

New York

Internet
Hong Kong Tr lng app

Hong Kong HK Emp

D g

S phn tn h tr vic x l song song

c u

h T

NY Emp

n a u

London Tr lng app Annual Thng app

New York Tr lng app

London

London Emp

New York

Internet
Hong Kong Tr lng app

Hong Kong HK Emp

D g

c u

h T

NY Emp

n a u

London Tr lng app Annual Thng app

New York Tr lng app

London

Lon, NY Emp

New York

NY, HK Emp

Internet
Hong Kong Tr lng app

Hong Kong HK, Lon Emp

D g

Vic lp d liu lm tng hiu nng

c u

h T

n a u

Tnh khng ng nht & s t qun

La chn u t mi
ng dng H s th kho

RDBMS

Danh mc u t

D g

c u

h T

n a u

Files

Lch s t l li xut,...

NHNG C IM CA CSDL PHN TN SO VI CSDL TP TRUNG

(FEATURES OF DISTRIBUTED VERUS CENTRALIZED DATABASE)

l l l l l l l l

iu khin tp trung (Centralize control) T qun trm (site autonomy). c lp d liu (Data independence) Tnh trong sut p.tn CSDL (transparent) Rt gn d tha ( Reduction of redundancy) Tnh lp d liu (replication) Cu trc vt l phc v truy xut hiu sut cao ( Complex physical structure & efficent access) Chng trnh ch ng (navigational)

D g

c u

h T

n a u

NHNG C IM CA CSDL PHN TN SO VI CSDL TP TRUNG

(FEATURES OF DISTRIBUTED VERUS CENTRALIZED DATABASE)

S rng buc ton vn, phc hi v iu khin tng tranh (Intergrity, recovery, and concurrency control) Tnh ring r & tnh an ton: (Privacy and security)

D g

c u

h T

n a u

TI SAO CSDLPT CN THIT & PHT TRIN

l l l l l l

Nhng l do t chc v kinh t : (Organizational and economic reasons) Lin kt vi d liu c (Interconnection of existing database) S tng trng ( Incremental growth) Gim chi ph truyn thng (Reduced communication overhead) Cn i hiu nng ( Performance consideration) tin cy v tnh sn sng (Reliability and availability)

D g

c u

h T

n a u

MT S NHC IM KHI S DNG H PHN TN

l l l l l

S thiu kinh nghim: (Lack of Experience) S phc tp (Complexity) Chi ph : (Cost) Tnh an ton: (Security) Kh khn khi chuyn i (Difficulty of change) t tp trung sang phn tn

D g

c u

h T

n a u

NHNG VN CN GII QUYT KHI TIP CN CSDL PHN TN

(PROBLEM AREAS)

Thit k CSDL phn tn (Distributed Database Design) l X l cu hi phn tn ( Distributed Query Processing) l Qun tr th mc phn tn (Distributed Directory Management) l iu khin tng tranh phn tn (Distributed Concurrency Control)
l

D g

c u

h T

n a u

NHNG VN CN GII QUYT KHI TIP CN CSDL PHN TN

(PROBLEM AREAS)

Qun tr kha cht phn tn (Distributed Deadlock Management) l tin cy ca h qun tr CSDL phn tn ( Reliability of Distributed DBMS) l H tr ca h iu hnh (Operating System Support) l C s d liu khng ng nht (Heterogeneous Database)
l

D g

c u

h T

n a u

H QUN TR CSDL - PT
L phn mm cho php to lp CSDL phn tn, iu khin mi truy cp i vi CSDL-PT m bo trong sut i vi ngi s dng.

Chng trnh qun tr DL a phng Chng trnh qun tr DL phn tn Chng trnh qun tr truyn thng DL Chng trnh qun tr t in DL

Cc chc nng c th ca H QTCSDL-PT

Chng trnh qun tr t in DL nh gi cu hi phn tn Qun tr giao dch phn tn Cc chc nng phc hi & ton vn DL

D g

c u

h T

n a u

PHN LOI H QTCSDL-PT

l

THUN NHT(homogeneous)

-DDBMS vi h qun tr CSDL nh nhau ti mi trm , ngay c khi my tnh v/hoc h iu hnh l khng nh nhau
l

KHNG THUN NHT (Heterogeneous)

- DDBMS vi h qun tr CSDL khc nhau ti mi trm - C chc nng chuyn i gia cc m hnh d liu khc nhau ca cc h qun tr CSDL cc b khc nhau

D g

c u

h T

n a u

PHN LOI H QTCSDL-PT

Theo Bochmann, cc loi h x l phn tn c th phn loi da theo cc tiu chun : kt dnh : (degree of coupling)l s o mc ni kt cht ch gia cc phn t c x l, c tnh bng t s gia lng d liu trao i vi lng x l ti ch, c thc hin trng vic hon thnh 1 giao tc Cu trc ni kt ( Interconnection structure) Ni kt im - dim (point-to-point) gia cc phn t x l hay dng knh truyn chung S ng b ha: (Synchronization) S ng b ha gia cc phn t x l c th c duy tr bi cc phng cch ng b hay bt ng b
l

D g

c u

h T

n a u

PHN LOI H QTCSDL-PT

D g

c u

h T

n a u

TI LIU THAM KHO

l l

Slide bi ging ca Anand Rajaraman (http://www.stanford.edu/class/cs347) M. Tamer Ozsu and Patrick Valduriez, "Principles of Distributed Database Systems," Second Edition, Prentice Hall 1998. Trung Tun : C s D liu. NXB. Gio dc, 1997

D g

c u

h T

n a u