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OMF007001 GSM Frequency Planning ISSUE2.0
OMF007001 GSM Frequency Planning ISSUE2.0
www.huawei.com
Contents
1. Frequency Planning 2. Normal Frequency Reuse Technology 3. Tight Frequency Reuse 4. Multiple Reuse Pattern Technology 5. Concentric Cell Technology 6. Frequency Hopping
Page2
Contents
1. Frequency Planning Basic
1.1 Frequency Resource of GSM System 1.2 Concept of Frequency Reuse 1.3 Reuse Density 1.4 C/I Ratio
Page3
P-GSM 900 :
890
915
935
960
1710
1785
1805
1880
DCS 1800 :
Duplex distance : 95 MHz
Page4
P-GSM900
935~960 880~915 E-GSM900 925~960 876~915 R-GSM900 921~960 1710~1785 DCS1800
Fu(n)=890+0.2n
Fu(n)=890+0.2n Fu(n)=890+0.2(n-1024) Fu(n)=890+0.2n Fu(n)=890+0.2(n-1024) Fu(n)=1710.2+0.2(n-512)
1n 124
0 n 124 975 n 1023 0 n 124 955 n 1023 512 n 885
Fd(n)=Fu(n)+45
Fd(n)=Fu(n)+45
Fd(n)=Fu(n)+45
Fd(n)=Fu(n)+95
1805~1880
1850~1910 PCS1900 1930~1990 Fu(n)=1850.2+0.2(n-512) 512 n 810 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+80
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Macro-cell system
{fi,fj..fk}
d Micro-cell system
{fi,fj..fk} .. {fi,fj..fk} .. {fi,fj..fk}
Page6
Frequency resource is limited. If there is 8MHz frequency resource, 8 MHz = 40 channels 8 timeslots = 320
Max. 320 users can access the network at the same time.
Max. 320N uses can access the network at the same time.
Page7
Reuse Density
The spectrum utilization ratio can be expressed by frequency reuse density (freuse), which reveals the tightness of the frequency reuse and
f reuse
N ARFCN N TRX
NARFCN is the total number of the available channel numbers, NTRX is the number of TRXs configured for the cell.
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Question
(1) Frequency bandwidth is 12MHZ, if frequency reuse density is 4x3,each cell has how many TRX? (2) Frequency bandwidth is 6MHZ, if frequency reuse density is 2x3,each cell has how many TRX?
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Reuse Density
f reuse n m
n: The number of BTSs in the reuse clusters m: The number of the cells under each BTS.
Tighter reuse
0 12
Looser reuse
20
Higher frequency reuse efficiency, but interference is serious. More technique is needed.
Page10
43 Frequency Reuse
C1 A1 C1 A2 B1 C3 B2 C1 A2 B1 B3 C3 B2 A1 A3 C2 D1 D3 C2 D1 D3 A2 B1 D2 C1 A1 A3 D2 A2 B1 B3 C3 B2 C2 D1 D2 C2 D1 D3
A1
A3
A3
A2 B1
C3 B2
D2
A1
B3
B3 A1 A3 A2 B1
C1 C2 C3 B2 D1
D3
A3 D2
C1
C3
C2
D1 D3 D2
D3
B3
B2
B3
Page11
Carrier Interference
Useful signal
Other signals
Page12
Adjacent-channel
Carrier offset reaches 400 KHz
Page13
Exercise
Cell D fre 3
?dB<
?dB<
Cell B fre 5
Cell C fre 4
Page14
Contents
1. Frequency Planning 2. Normal Frequency Reuse Technology 3. Tight Frequency Reuse 4. Concentric Cell Technology 5. Multiple Reuse Pattern Technology 6. Frequency Hopping
Page15
BCCH 81~94 (14 channel numbers in total, 81~82 are reserved) The other channel numbers are allocated to TCH
A1 94 B1 93 79 67 55 C1 92 78 66 54 D1 91 77 65 53 A2 90 76 64 52 B2 89 75 63 51 C2 88 74 62 50 D2 87 73 61 49 A3 86 72 60 48 B3 85 71 59 47 C3 84 70 58 46 D3 83 69 57 45
80 68 56
So the maximum base station configuration is S4/4/4, and the frequency reuse density is 12.5 (50/4 = 12.5)
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The 4 x 3 frequency reuse pattern is a basic technology applied in frequency planning. Which must be applied to the BCCH in frequency aggressive reuse technologies
If the network capacity needs to be further expanded, the following measures can be taken:
Split a cell into smaller cells. Utilize new frequency resources. For example, you can establish a DSC 1800MHz network. Under the current 900MHz network, use more tight frequency reuse technology to expand the network capacity.
At present, the tight frequency reuse technology works as the most economical and convenient way to expand the network capacity, so it is also the most popular with carriers.
The typical frequency reuse technology includes 3 x 3, 2 x 6, 2 x 3, 1 x 3, and 1 x 1.
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Contents
1. Frequency Planning 2. Normal Frequency Reuse Technology 3. Tight Frequency Reuse 4. Concentric Cell Technology 5. Multiple Reuse Pattern Technology 6. Frequency Hopping
Page18
1 x 3 frequency reuse pattern is also called fractional reuse. For 1 x 3 or 1 x 1 frequency reuse pattern, the reuse distance is quite small, so the interference in the network is quite great. Therefore, to avoid frequency collision, you must use RF hopping technology and set the parameters, including MA (mobile allocation), HSN (hopping sequence number), and MAIO (mobile allocation index offset). The ratio of number of the TRXs to that of the available frequency hopping is FR LOAD (generally, it is smaller than 50%).
A1
A1 A3 A2 A1 A3 A3
A2 A1 A3 A2
A2
Page19
For BCCH carriers, channel numbers is 81~94, frequency reuse pattern is 43 For TCH carriers, channel numbers is 45~80, frequency reuse pattern is 13
Frequency group number A B C Frequency group number A B C Channel number 80, 77, 74, 71, 68, 65, 62, 59, 56, 53, 50, 47 79, 76, 73, 70, 67, 64, 61, 58, 55, 52,49, 46 78, 75, 72, 69, 66, 63, 60, 57, 54, 51, 48, 45 Channel number 80, 79, 78, 77, 76, 75, 74, 73,72, 71, 70, 69 68, 67, 66, 65, 64, 63, 62, 61, 60, 59, 58, 57 56, 55, 54, 53, 52, 51, 50, 49, 48, 47, 46, 45 MAIO 0, 2, 4,6, 8, 10 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 MAIO 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
space grouping
sequence grouping
Because FR LOAD 1 to 2, if the bandwidth is 10MHz, the maximum base station type can be configured as S7/7/7. In this case, the frequency reuse degree is 7.14
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Suppose 900 band: 96124 BTS configuration: S3/3/3 BCCH layer: 96109 reuse pattern: 43 TCH layer: 110124 reuse pattern: 13
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(120,122) MA2
MAIO CELL1(MA1) CELL2(MA2) CELL3(MA3) 110 115 120 111 112 116 117 121 122 113 118 123 114 119 124 0,2 0,2 0,2
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(124,112) MA2
Cell3
MAIO CELL1(MA1) CELL2(MA2) CELL3(MA3) 110 113 111 114 112 115 116 119 122 117 120 123 118 121 124 0,1 2,3 4,0
Page23
The frequencies are more tightly reused, so the network capacity is great. When planning a network, only need to plan BCCH, while its unnecessary to replan frequencies. So the efficiency for network planning is high. Wideband combiner must be used, but the cavity combiner with frequency selectivity is inapplicable. Co-channel and neighbor channel interference increases as the frequency reuse distance decreases.
RF hopping must be used, and the channel numbers participating frequency hopping is twice that of the number of carriers at least.
In actual conditions, BCCH cannot take measures, such as RF hopping, DTX, and power control, therefore, in order to ensure network quality, BCCH can only use the looser 4 x 3 frequency reuse pattern.
Page24
One cell of one base station forms a frequency reuse cluster If the available bandwidth is 6MHz ,the channel numbers are 96~124
For BCCH carriers, channel numbers is 111~124, frequency reuse pattern is 43 For TCH carriers, channel numbers is 96~110, frequency reuse pattern is 11
Frequency group number A B C Channel number 96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110 96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110 96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110 MAIO 0,2,4 6,8 10,12
the maximum base station type can be configured as S4/3/3 under 1 x 1 frequency reuse pattern. In this case, the frequency reuse degree is 7.25/9.67/9.67, so the average value is 8.86.
Therefore, the maximum base station configuration under 1 x 1 frequency reuse pattern is the same as that under 1 x 3 frequency reuse space grouping pattern, so is the network capacity.
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13 and 11
BCCH14+TCH36
1BCCH+12TCH
13
1BCCH+12TCH 1BCCH+3TCH
1BCCH+12TCH
11
1BCCH+36TCH 1BCCH+36TCH
43
Page26
Illustration of 13 or 11
TRX1 TRX2 ... TRX7
TRX15 TRX16...TRX21
Page27
Contents
1. Frequency Planning 2. Normal Frequency Reuse Technology 3. Tight Frequency Reuse 4. Concentric Cell Technology 5. Multiple Reuse Pattern Technology 6. Frequency Hopping
Page28
According to multiple reuse pattern (MRP), the carriers are divided into several groups.
The carries in each group work as an independent layer, and each layer uses a different frequency reuse pattern.
During frequency planning, configure the carriers layer by layer, with reuse density increases layer by layer, as shown in the next slide.
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Page30
Example of MRP
Capacity increase when reuse density is multiplied: Supposing there are 300 cells Bandwidth: 8 MHz (40 frequency) Normal 43 reuse: reuse density=12 Network capacity = (40/12)300 = 1000 TRX Multiple reuse: BCCH layer: re-use =12, (14 frq.) Normal TCH layer: re-use =10, (20 frq.) Aggressive TCH layer: re-use = 6, (6 frq.) Network capacity = (1 +2 +1)300 = 1200 TRX
Page31
Example of MRP
Capacity increase when reuse density is multiplied: Supposing there are 300 cells Bandwidth: 8 MHz (40 frequency) Normal 43 reuse: reuse density=12 Network capacity = (40/12)300 = 1000 TRX Multiple reuse: BCCH layer: reuse density=12, (14 frequency) Normal TCH layer: reuse density=10, (20 frequency) Aggressive TCH layer: reuse density= 6, (6 frequency) Network capacity = (1 +2 +1)300 = 1200 TRX
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Contents
1. Frequency Planning 2. Normal Frequency Reuse Technology 3. Tight Frequency Reuse 4. Concentric Cell Technology 5. Multiple Reuse Pattern Technology 6. Frequency Hopping
Page33
In the GSM network, concentric cell technology is used to divide the service area into two parts: overlaid and underlaid. Essentially, the concentric cell technology concerns channel allocation and handover, but when combining this technology with various frequency planning technologies, both expand network capacity can be improved network quality.
Overlaid-cell Underlaid-cell
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page34
Super fn Regular fm
Super fn Regular fm
Super fn Regular fm
BCCH 15f
Regular 24f
Super 12f
BCCH TRX reuse density: 12 Regular TCH TRX reuse density: 12 Super TCH TRX reuse density: 6
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Underlaid Overlaid
Page36
Contents
1. Frequency Planning 2. Normal Frequency Reuse Technology 3. Tight Frequency Reuse 4. Concentric Cell Technology 5. Multiple Reuse Pattern Technology 6. Frequency Hopping
Page37
Contents
6. Frequency Hopping
6.1 Classification of hopping 6.2 Advantages of hopping 6.3 Parameter of hopping 6.4 Collocation of hopping data
Page38
Frequency Hopping
Page39
Advantages of Hopping
Page40
Page41
Classification of Hopping
Page43
FH bus
Page44
BCCH carrier attends hopping, on which TS0 can not attend hopping
TS 1
TS 2
TS 3
TS 4
TS 5
TS 6
TS 7
ARFCN
5(BCCH carrier)
10(TCH carrier) 15(TCH carrier) 20(TCH carrier)
MA={10,15,20}
MA={5,10,15,20}
Page45
TS 1
No Hopping
TS 2
No Hopping
TS 3
No Hopping
TS 4
No Hopping
TS 5
No Hopping
TS 6
No Hopping
TS 7
No Hopping
ARFCN
5(BCCH carrier)
10(TCH carrier) 15(TCH carrier) 20(TCH carrier)
MA={10,15,20}
Page46
RF Hopping Principle
Page47
RF Hopping Principle
TS 1
No Hopping
TS 2
No Hopping
TS 3
No Hopping
TS 4
No Hopping
TS 5
No Hopping
TS 6
No Hopping
TS 7
No Hopping
(BCCH carrier)
MA={10,15,20} MA={10,15,20}
(TCH carrier)
MA={10,15,20}
Page48
Classification of Hopping
Frame hopping
Frequency changes every TDMA frame. The different channel of one TRX uses the same MAIO.
Timeslot hopping
Frequency changes every timeslot. The different channel of one TRX uses the different MAIO.
Page49
Frame Hopping
RF hopping and baseband hopping without BCCH carrier
Frame 0 f0 f1 f2 f3 f4 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4
Timeslot Hopping
5 timeslots on 1 TRX hopping on 5 frequencies
Frame 0 f0 f1 f2 f3 f4 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4
Page51
Hopping Parameters
All the parameters which are related to hopping are configured in Cell Attributes/Frequency Hopping.
Page52
Hopping Parameters
HSN=0cycle hopping. HSN0random hopping. Every sequence number corresponds a pseudo random sequence.
Page53
Hopping Parameters
frequency carriers. The frequency being used must be those of the available
frequency
set. MAI is used for indication, referring to a specific element in the MA set.
Page54
Example of MAIO
TS 0 TRX0 TRX1
No Hopping
TS 1
0 2
TS 2
1 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 0
TS 3
TS 4
3 2 0 2 1 0 2 1 2 2
TS 5
TS 6
1 2 2 2 3 2
TS 7
2 2 3 2 0 2
TRX2 0
TRX3
1
1 2 2
2 MA1={10,15,20} 2
MAIO
2 2 2 MA2={5,10,15,20}
3 1
2
MAI
0
2
1 MAIO
2
2 0 1
2
2 33
0
2
1
2
MAIO
Page55
Example of MAIO
TS 0 TRX0 TRX1 TRX2 0 TRX3 TRX4 1 TRX5 TRX6
2 1 1 1
No Hopping
TS 1
0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2
TS 2
1 2 2 2 3 2 0 2 2 2 3 2 0 2 1 2 3 0
TS 3
TS 4
3 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2
TS 5
TS 6
1 2 2 2 3 2 0 2
TS 7
2 2 3 2 0 2 1 2
ARFCN 5(BCCH carrier) 10(TCH carrier) 15(TCH carrier) 20(TCH carrier) 510(TCH carrier) 515(TCH carrier) 520(TCH carrier)
TRX7
0 3
1
3 2
2
3 3
0
3 1 3 2 3 3
1
3 2 3 3 3 0
2
3 3 3 0 3 1
3
3 0 3 1 3
Page56
525(TCH carrier)
Example of MAIO
5 TRXs separately belongs to the same MA hopping on 5 frequencies, and uses same HSNs
Frame 0 5 10 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4
15
20 25
MA={5,10,15,20,25}
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f2
f3 f4
Page58
f2
f3 f4
Page59
Thank you
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