ლიბერალი, ივლისი 2009

solidarobis dro
gv. 10 gv. 20
natalia estemirovas mkvleloba mezobeli, rogorc safrTxe mieciT sazogadoebas Sansi

gv. 25
gadasaRebi moedani saqarTvelo

gv. 50
gv. 44
# 6 / 29 ivlisi - 11 agvisto / 2009
Semakavebeli faqtori
gv. 12
fasi 2.80 lari
radio ùcnobi~ warmogidgenT dilis gadacemas
`dila mSvidobisa~
nata asaTianTan da vaxo xviCiasTan erTad yovel samuSao dRes, dilis 9:00 dan 11:00 saaTamde.
politikuri Temebi saintereso mosazrebebi magari simRerebi
mxiaruli saubrebi SMS gamokiTxvebi
usmineT da miiReT gadacemaSi monawileoba SMS nomeri: 9800 Skype ID: ucnobidila
www.ucnobifm.ge
tbsDfwj
10
04 redaqtori 05 Semosuli werilebi 06 mokled 08 ori azri

unda gadavides Tu ara saqarTvelos parlamenti quTaisSi
daviT darCiaSvili v.s. vaxtang xmalaZe
garekanze: baidenis da saakaSvilis Sexvedra TbilisSi, 22 ivlisi 2009
foto REUTERS / irakli gedeniZe
14/qarTuli da rusuli eklesiebis dialogi siyvarul-siZulvilis urTierToba
28/irani arCevnebis Semdeg Cven davwereT `musavi~, maT waikiTxes àhmadineJadi~!
18 Jurnalisturi gamoZieba
kerZo sakuTrebis ufleba ukanono brZaneba
32 konfliqtebi
medvedevis viziti cxinvalSi medvedevi cxinvalSi
20 mezoblebi
CeCneTi politkovskaias premiis pirveli laureati 23/azerbaijani blogerebi cixeSi 25/regionuli usafrTxoeba mezobeli, rogorc safrTxe
34 adamianis uflebebisamarTali
aRmsareblobis Tavisufleba privilegirebuli Tavisufleba
10 politika
axali sazogadoebrivi moZraoba solidarobis dro 12/ interviu Semakavebeli faqtori
interviu eka tyeSelaSvilTan
38 ekonomika
saxelmwifo programa jandacvis sferoSi iafi dazRvevis Zviri gakveTilebi
1
Jurnali `liberali~ gamoicema fond `Ria sazogadoeba saqarTvelos~ mxardaWeriT.
liberali ivlisi-agvisto #6 2009
40/SromiTi kanonmdebloba maradiuli omis axali brZola 42/saerTaSoriso daxmareba saqarTvelos saqarTvelos aRdgenis swori gza
14
44 sazogadoeba
qarTuli kinos finansuri SeRavaTebi gadasaRebi moedani saqarTvelo 48/ ganaTlebis reforma pedagogebi cvlilebebis molodinSi 50/ Tvalsazrisi mieciT sazogadoebas Sansi 51/ kritika rkinis fardis miRma 53/ telekritika umravlesobis zona 54/interviu ra jobia demokratias?
interviu donald bodrosTan
40 20
56/ wignebi enis triumfatori

gamomcemeli Sps `liberali~. misamarTi: Tbilisi 0162, faliaSvilis q. 108. tel.: (995 32) 232235, 233731, 912326. el-fosta: info@liberali.ge dabeWdilia: stamba Sps `sezani~. misamarTi: Tbilisi, wereTlis gamz. 140. tel.: (995 32) 35 70 02. sxva gamocemebi: `cxeli Sokoladi~, `cxeli Sokoladi _ literatura~, `biznesi: adamianebi, meTodebi, strategiebi~. `liberalis~ saavtoro uflebebi daculia. JurnalSi gamoqveynebuli masalebis nawilobrivi da/an mTliani gamoyeneba redaqciis Tanxmobis gareSe akrZalulia. ISSN 1987-7528
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sfebrdjb
tiraJi: 5000 cali. gamodis or kviraSi erTxel. pirveli nomeri gamocemulia 2009 wlis maisSi. rekomendebuli sacalo fasi 2,80 lari.
redaqtorebi: mTavari redaqtori Sorena SaverdaSvili /aRmasrulebeli redaqtori nino jafiaSvili sazogadoeba Tamar babuaZe / politika da saerTaSoriso ambebi sofo Waava / saqarTvelo da konfliqtebi sofo bukia / adamianis uflebebi da samarTali nino beqiSvili / kavkasia margarita axvlediani / axali ambebi naTia axalaSvili redaqcia: art-redaqtori manana arabuli / foto-redaqtori levan xerxeuliZe / grafikuli dizaini Tornike lorTqifaniZe / redaqtor-stilisti nino svaniZe / koreqtori nino saiTiZe administracia: proeqtis menejeri qeTi babunaSvili / proeqtis menejeris asistenti lela SubiTiZe / biznesis ganviTarebis menejeri giorgi kopaleiSvili / reklamis da gayidvebis menejeri nestan avaliani / IT menejeri Tornike lorTqifaniZe / ofisis administratori eTuna inwkirveli / distributori zviad Sengelia
redaqtori
foto levan xerxeuliZe
qarTveli politikosebisagan gansxvavebiT, amerikis vice-prezidentma Cveni inspirireba moaxerxa. amerikuli idealizmis orma dRem TbilisSi Tavisuflebis SegrZnebis survili gaamZafra. jo baidenTan Sexvedris Semdeg aRelvebuli giorgi TargamaZe aRniSnavda, _ axla SemiZlia warmovidgino, rogorebi iyvnen amerikis damfuZnebeli mamebio. prezidentis sasaxlec, TeTr mundirSi gamowyobili sapatio yarauliT, Tvalwarmtaci Canda. baidenis stumrobiT gamowveulma optimizmma TiTqos axali omis SiSi gadafara, Tu ar CavTvliT ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa ministris, grigori karasinis muqarebs, _ ar davuSvebT saqarTvelos gadaiaraRebaso. ruseTisaTvis kidev ufro izrdeba saqarTveloze Tavdasxmis politikuri fasi. amitom, rusi saxelmwifo moxeleebis gzavnilebi ufro isteriulia, vidre racionaluri. sazRvrebis erToblivi gakontrolebis iniciativa, romelic konfliqturi zonebis monitoringSi evrokavSirTan erTad amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis CarTvasac gulisxmobs, konkretuli da mniSvnelovani proeqtia. es konfliqtis monitoringis saerTaSoriso mandats ufro efeqturs gaxdida, Tumca samxedro agresiis realur Semakaveblad, rogorc uSiSroebis sabWos mdivani, eka tyeSelaSvili ambobs, mainc ar gamodgeba. amis miuxedavad, baidenis viziti, vfiqrob, saSualebas gvaZlevs, cota xniT mainc aRar vifiqroT omis dawyeba-ardawyebaze da saSinao problemebze gadaverToT. radgan prezidentis mier gamocxadebuli `demokratiis axali talRa~ ukve originalurad aRar JRers, irakli alasanias citatas gavixseneb, Wall Street Jurnal-Si gamoqveynebuli statiidan: `droa, gadavtvirToT demokratia saqarTveloSi~. baidenis erT-erTi mTavari gzavnili esec iyo. droa, sazogadoeba demokratiisaTvis instituciur brZolaSi CaerTos da xelisuflebam am procesis warmarTva uzrunvelyos. 3 agvistos mTavrdeba gancxadebebis miReba sazoga4
doebrivi mauwyeblis generaluri direqtoris vakantur postze. gaCnda patara fanjara, romlis gamoyenebis Sansic sazogadoebas aqvs. Tu Cven arCevnebis procesis Riad warmarTvas moviTxovT da xelisuflebas Tu opozicias am postze sakuTari kandidatis daniSvnis saSualebas ar mivcemT, gaCndeba imis albaToba, rom pirvelma arxma sazogadoebriv mauwyeblad transformireba daiwyos. es Sansi nulis toliao, _ amboben skeptikosebi, _ wagebuli omiao, _ magram brZolas mainc aqvs azri. xelisufleba da opozicia telepropagandaSi axla baribarSi arian, orive mxares or-ori televiziaa. iqneb sazogadoebasac dagvitovoT arCevani?! kidev erTi frontis xazi seqtemberSi axali ombudsmenis arCeva iqneba. yvelanairi kritikis miuxedavad, sozar subari warmatebiT axerxebda, Zalauflebis arsebuli sistemis sapirwone yofiliyo. Zlieri da realurad damoukidebeli ombudsmenis aparatis gareSe, demokratiis progresirebis nacvlad, isev stabilur regress miviRebT. mokled, sazogadoebis proaqtiuloba bevr frontzea saWiro. iqneb baidenis viziti, usafrTxoebis garantiebis miRebasTan erTad, demokratiis gadatvirTvisTvisac gamoviyenoT. P.S. gamogvexmaureT!
mTavari redaqtori Sorena SaverdaSvili
www.liberali.ge
werilebi
policia skolaSi
gasakviria, razea laparaki! a) ubnis inspeqtoris pirdapiri samsaxurebrivi movaleobaa, Tavis ubanSi yuradReba miaqcios kriminaluri midrekilebis mozardebs da izrunos danaSaulis prevenciaze. aranairi damatebiTi uflebamosilebebi `skolaSi Sesvlis~ mizniT mas ar sWirdeba. b) policiis da skolis TanamSromlobis raRac instituciur, sistemur modelze fiqric ki aris an sisulele, an totalitarizmisken swrafvis gamovlineba. es imdenad elementarulia, rom uxerxulia, seriozulad vimsjeloT am Temaze. msgavsi ram CrdiloeT koreaSi da mianmaSi Tu moxdeba. g) aranairi msgavsi sistema arc erT civilizebul qveyanaSi ar aris da arc SeiZleba iyos. analogiuri tipis RonisZiebebi, igive inglissa da aSS-Si tardeba mxolod im konkretul sacxovrebel ubnebze, sadac kriminogenuli viTareba lamis katastrofulia. roca pat. iovane xerxemali miamiti liberaliviT ambobs: ìmis albaToba, rom daWerili adamiani cixidan ukeTesi gamova, Zalian dabaliao~, pensiis droze adre gacemisTvis rom zis xalxi cixeSi da mitingze siarulisTvis, neta vin daiWira? absoluturad seriozulad msjelobT imaze, rac saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi sisulelea, ufro savaraudod ki _ àxali adamianis~ aRzrdis komunisturi utopiis zonder-liberaluri varianti. ase seriozulad rom iRebda sazogadoebis mniSvnelovani nawili liberaluri `vordingiT~ Semosil sisuleleebs, imitom wavida ganaTlebis reformis saqme kargad. daviT zurabiSvili respublikuri partia
gaxmovaneba Tu subtitrebi
Jurnal `liberalis~ me-5 nomerSi gamoqveynda giorgi lobJaniZis statia saxelwodebiT `Ciorebis kanonproeqti~, romelic exeboda sakanonmdeblo iniciativas, romliTac saqarTvelos konoTeatrebsa Tu satelevizio eTerSi gaSvebuli ucxouri kinoproduqciis dublireba aikrZaleba da es ukanaskneli subtitrebiT Seicvleba. avtoris azriT, kanonproeqtis lobisti (parlamentis wevri Ciora TaqTaqiSvili) mwared cdeba, rodesac Tvlis, rom amiT ucxo enis Seswavla ufro xelmisawvdomi gaxdeba. moyvanilia iseTi argumentebic, rom qarTul sofelSi `Sromisagan daCaCanakebuli~ (Tumca, sofleli bebiaCemi meubneboda xolme _ Sroma akeTilSobilebs adamianso) adamiani aradublirebul films ver gaigebs. statiaSi imazec iyo saubari, rom qarTuli ena gaqreba aseTi mniSvnelovani segmentidan da isic, rom mxolod mSobliuri enis mcodne studentebi swavloben safuZvlianad ucxo enebs. CemTvis yvelaze saintereso argumenti ki is aris, rom dublirebiT dakavebuli msaxiobebi usamsaxurod darCebian da am `kompromisis fasad~ napovn samsaxursac dakargaven. albaT igulisxmeba klasikur qarTul Teatralur produqciaze mayureblis interesis kleba da Semcirebuli Semosavlebis gamo, msaxiobTa arajerovani dakavebuloba; an sulac is, rom dRevandeli mTavroba Teatrs aRar iyenebs propagandistuli miznebisaTvis da, Sesabamisad, aRarc Teatris `muSakTa~ mZime subsidirebiT aris dakavebuli. guli damwyda, rodesac statiaSi ver vnaxe msjeloba subtitrebis gamoyenebis
dadebiT mxareebze. Tumca es imedgacrueba maleve gamifanta `kavkasiis kvlevis saresurso centris~ mier gamoqveynebulma statiam, romlis avtori, savaraudod, zemoT xsenebul statias ar gascnobia. amas is optimisturi toni mafiqrebinebs, romliTac es sakanonmdeblo iniciativaa Sefasebuli: ès kanonproeqti sajaro politikis SesaniSnavi iniciativaa. is aris iafi, siRrmiseuli, potenciur problemas dadebiT mxared aqcevs (bavSvebisa da mozardebis televizorTan mijaWvuloba) da, savaraudod, ganaTlebis donezec dadebiTad aisaxeba~. avtori eyrdnoba ramdenime kvlevis Sedegs, romelTa mixedviTac, subtitrebis praqtika ara mxolod sagrZnoblad aumjobesebs ucxo enebis codnasa da swori gamoTqmis unars, aramed dadebiTad moqmedebs mSobliur enaze dawerili teqstis dekodirebasa da Sesabamisad teqsturi informaciis aRqmazec. sadavo rCeba aseTi produqciis xelmisawvdomoba mxedvelobadaqveiTebulTaTvis, Tumca, igive mizeziT, dublirebasTan SedarebiT, smenadaqveiTebuli mayurebeli ukeTes mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndeba. dasasruls, erTi garemoeba, romelic kanonproeqtis lobistebma unda gaiTvaliswinon. produqciis distributori kompaniebi zogierT SemTxvevaSi (animaciuri filmebi) ara marto filmis gaSvebis uflebas yidian, aramed damatebiT safasurs iTxoven msaxiobebis xmis gamoyenebisaTvis, rac dublirebaze Zviri SeiZleba aRmoCndes. am SemTxvevaSi, sainteresoa, rogor gadaWris `koxoras dilemas~ Tbilisis kinoTeatrebis menejmenti... paata sabelaSvili Jurnal `mes~ gamomcemeli
mokled / naTia axalaSvili
foto REUTERS / irakli gedeniZe
baideni ukrainasa da saqarTveloSi

aqarTveloSi ordRiani vizitiT aSS-s vice-prezidenti jozef baideni ukrainidan Camovida. ukrainaSi baideni qveynis prezidents viqtor iuSCenkos da momavali prezidentobis kidev sam kandidats _ iulia timoSenkos, viqtor ianukoviCsa da arseni iaceniuks Sexvda. Sexvedrebis mTavari Temebi iyo _ momavali saprezidento arCevnebi da ukrainis erovnuli usafrTxoebis politika. baidenma kievSi politikur liderebs mouwoda, politikuri simwife gamoiCinon da 2004 wlis narinjisferi revoluciis danapirebi Seasrulon. aSS-ruseTis urTierTobis gadatvirTvis Sesaxeb vice-prezidentma orive qveyanaSi msgavsi gancxadebebi gaakeTa. baideni orive qveyanas cal-calke dahpirda, rom TeTri saxli ruseTTan urTierTobis gaumjobesebas arc ukrainis da arc saqarTvelos xarjze ar apirebs. man TbilisSic da kievSic aRniSna, rom 21-e saukuneSi `gavlenis sferoebis~ cnebas amerika uaryofs rogorc ideas. `Cven erTguli vrCebiT principisa, rom yvela suverenul saxelmwifos aqvs ufleba, gadawyvetilebebi damoukideblad miiRos, gaataros sakuTari sagareo politika da Tavadve gadawyvitos, romel kavSirebs SeuerTdes~, _ ganacxada vice-prezidentma. baidenma ukrainis prezidentTan erTad aseve ganixila qveynis energousafrTxoebis da atomuri eleqtrosadgurebis sakiTxebi.
TeTri saxli ruseTTan urTierTobis gaumjobesebas arc ukrainis da arc saqarTvelos xarjze ar apirebs.
TbilisSi gamosvlebisas ki vice-prezidenti saqarTvelo-amerikis urTierTobebis, samxedro TanamSromlobis, teritoriuli mTlianobis, demokratiis sakiTxebs Seexo. baidenma gaixsena prezident saakaSvilis dapireba `demokratiis axali talRis~ Taobaze da saqarTvelos xelisuflebas, mis opozicias da qveynis mTel sazogadoebas urCia: politikuri procesebi ganviTardes parlamentis SenobaSi da ara marto quCaSi; saqarTvelos mTavrobis saqmianoba gaxdes ufro gamWvirvale; mediis Tavisufleba ganmtkicdes ise, maT uzrunvelhyon moqalaqeebis mier informirebuli gadawyvetilebebis miReba; gaZlierdes sasamarTlos damoukideblobis xarisxi. baidenma aseve aRniSna, rom amerika ar apirebs afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis damoukidebel saxelmwifoebad aRiarebas. `Cven ar vaRiarebT maT rogorc damoukidebel saxelmwifoebs da movuwodebT ruseTs, pativi sces saerTaSoriso valdebulebebs, mkafiod Camoyalibebuls, maT Soris - Tqveni teritoriidan yvela SeiaraRebuli Zalis gayvanisa da cecxlis Sewyvetis valdebulebas~, _ dasZina man. parlamentSi gamosvlisas man saqarTveloSi SarSandeli vizitic gaixsena da ganacxada, rom maSin saqarTvelos gverdiT dgoma da mxardaWera senatoris rangSi aRuTqva, axla ki imave dapirebas vice-prezidentis rangSi imeorebs. o
ankaraSi `nabuqos~ proeqtis wevri qveynebis (avstria, bulgareTi, TurqeTi, rumineTi, ungreTi) warmomadgenlebma mTavrobaTa Soris xelSekrulebas moaweres xeli. ceremonias saqarTvelos prezidentic daeswro. gazsadeni kaspiis regionsa da centralur aziaSi mopovebuli bunebrivi airis saqarTvelosa da TurqeTis gavliT evropaSi transportirebis mizniT Sendeba. mSenebloba 2011 wels unda daiwyos. proeqtis Rirebuleba 7,9 mlrd evros Seadgens. gazsadenis wliuri gatarebis moculoba, winaswari informaciiT, 31 mlrd kuburi metriTaa gansazRvruli. Tumca, am etapze sabolood ar aris mogvarebuli, vin iqneba milsadenis Sesavsebi gazis mimwodebeli. erTaderTi qveyana, romelic milsadenisTvis airis miwodebas misi amuSavebisTanave garantirebulad SeZlebs, azerbaijania. Tumca azerbaijanul bunebriv airze pretenzias acxadeben ruseTi, TurqeTi da kidev ori dagegmili gazsadeni, romlebic saberZneTs italiasTan akavSirebs (SemaerTebeli milsadeni TurqeTi-saberZneTi-italia) da transadriatikuli milsadeni. proeqtis sawyis etapzeve gazis momwodeblebad aseve moiazrebian erayi da egvipte, Semdeg etapze ki _ TurqmeneTi. Tumca, am qveyanasa da ruseTs Soris gazTan dakavSirebiT konfliqti warmoiSva. saqarTvelos energetikis ministris TqmiT, `nabuqos~ proeqtis amoqmedebis Semdeg saqarTvelo qveynis teritoriaze weliwadSi gavlili gazis odenobis (16 miliardi kub. metri) xuT procents ufasod miiRebs, xuTs ki _ SeRavaTiT. o
foto REUTERS / stringeri
citatebi
àmerikis mcdeloba ruseTTan urTierTobis gadatvirTvisa, saqarTvelos xarjze ar moxdeba. modiT, naTlad vityvi: es ase ar aris, ar iqneba da ver iqneba~. jozef baideni saqarTvelos parlamenti. 23 ivlisi
saqarTveloSi H1N1 virusiT dainficirebis pirveli SemTxveva dafiqsirda. daavadebuli qalbatonia, romelic saqarTveloSi didi britaneTidan Semovida. igi mkurnalobis Semdeg Tavs kargad grZnobs. msoflio jandacvis organizaciaSi ganixileba gegma, romlis Tanaxmadac, im qveynebSi, sadac `Roris gripi~ mZvinvarebs, skolebSi swavla daavadebis pikis gadavlis Semdeg unda ganaxldes. H1N1-is sawinaaRmdego vaqcinis warmoeba, savaraudod, seqtemberSi daiwyeba, Tumca saqarTvelo daavadebis gavrcelebis pikis dros (Semodgoma-zamTari) vaqcinas ver miiRebs. daavadebaTa kontrolis erovnul centrSi acxadeben, rom vaqcinis yidvis saSualeba saqarTvelos mTavrobas momavali wlis gazafxulze miecema. o
`vardebis revolucia mxolod maSin iqneba srulyofili, rodesac xelisufleba iqneba gamWvirvale, angariSvaldebuli da mTlianad monawileobiTi~. jozef baideni saqarTvelos parlamenti. 23 ivlisi
`droa, gadavtvirToT demokratia saqarTveloSi~. irakli alasania, Wall Street Journal, 23 ivlisi
foto interpresniusi / mzia saganeliZe
`Cven yvelam viciT, rom es sakiTxi TiTqmis mkvdaria. es tragikulia. Tu isini nato-s mokvlas (saqarTvelos aliansSi gawevrianebis imedis) moaxerxeben, es imas niSnavs, rom rusebi swori miznebisaTvis ibrZodnen. es imis maniSnebeli iqneboda, rom politikuri miznebis miRweva sastiki meTodebiTac SesaZlebelia da rom putini marTali iyo. man bevrjer miTxra, _ Seni mokavSireebi karg rameebs gpirdebian, magram dapirebebs yovelTvis ar asruleben. me kargs verafers dagpirdebiT, magram Sevasruleb~. mixeil saakaSvili Wall Street Journal-is korespondentTan, endriu osbornTan saubris dros 17 ivlisi, baTumi
irakli alasaniam sakuTari politikuri partia `Cveni saqarTvelo _ Tavisufali demokratebi~ daafuZna, Tumca igi kvlav rCeba àliansi saqarTvelosTvis~ liderad. alasanias TqmiT, misi partia memarjvene-centristuli ideologiis iqneba da monawileobas miiRebs yvela saxis vadamdel arCevnebSi, Tu uzrunvelyofili iqneba Tavisufali saarCevno garemo. partiis dokumentSi aRniSnulia, rom maTi ZiriTadi faseuloba adamianis pirovnuli Tavisuflebaa. partiis dokumentSi gansazRvrulia Tavisufali demokratebis politikuri, ekonomikuri xedva da sagareo da usafrTxoebis strategia. `Cveni saqarTvelo _ Tavisufali demokratebisTvis mmarTvelobis misaRebi forma saprezidento respublikaa _ Zlieri parlamentiT, damoukidebeli sasamarTlo sistemiT da farTo uflebamosilebis mqone adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebiT. o
`SeSfoTebulebi varT saqarTvelos xelisuflebis qmedebebis gamo, romelic mimarTulia qveynis gadaiaraRebaze, rasac ramdenime qveyana gasaocrad mSvidad da pozitiurad pasuxobs... Cven gavagrZelebT saakaSvilis reJimis xelaxali SeiaraRebis procesisTvis xelis SeSlas da miviRebT konkretul zomebs amis sawinaaRmdegod~. grigori karasini, ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa ministris moadgile 23 ivlisi
unda gadavides Tu ara saqarTvelos parlamenti quTaisSi

momxre
daviT darCiaSvili
fraqcia èrTiani nacionaluri moZraobis~ wevri, politikur mecnierebaTa doqtori
parlamentis quTaisSi gadatanis iniciativa deputat akaki boboxiZes ekuTvnis. mas prezidenti saakaSvili gamoexmaura da gamoTqva mosazreba, rom parlamentis plenaruli sesiebi gaimarTos quTaisSi, xolo sakomiteto mosmenebi TbilisSi gagrZeldes. am ideaSi cuds verafers vxedav. vfiqrob, rom es SesaZlebelia. piradad me, orpalatiani parlamentis SemTxvevaSi, mxars davuWer, parlamentis funqmaterialurad, ciaTa nawili gaiyos da zeda ra Tqma unda, palata ZiriTadad quTaisSi es iniciativa iyos; iqve gaimarTos erToblivi sxdomebic. safrangeTmet danaxarjs Sia aseTi modeli _ parlamenmoiTxovs, tis ori palatis erToblivi magram saboloo sxdomebi versalSi tardeba. Tumca versali, praqtikulad, perspeqtivaSi gadaylapa didma parizma. es danaxarjebi Tu erTpalatiani parlaTavis Tavs mentis modeli dagvrCeba, bunebrivia, misi muSaoba dedaamoiRebs. qalaqSi ar Sewydeba, magram quTaisSic iqneba saimiso infrastruqtura, rom sxdomebis nawili iq Catardes. formebi, SesaZloa, sxvadasxvanairi iyos, magram yvela SemTxvevaSi amocana is aris, rom quTaisi, romelsac istoriulad aranaklebi mniSvneloba hqonda, vidre _ Tbiliss, socialuri da politikuri TvalsazrisiTac ganviTardes. es is SemTxvevaa, rodesac, rac kargi iqneba quTaisisTvis, is kargi iqneba mTeli qveynisTvisac. Zalian bevri qveyanaa, sadac centris funqciebi iyofa. magaliTad, CileSi dResac zustad asea _ mTavroba dedaqalaq santiagoSia ganTavsebuli, saparlamento qalaqi ki sxvaa. sxvadasxva qveynebSi erovnuli xelisuflebis institutebis teritoriuli gadanawileba sxvadasxvagvarad xdeba da amaSi warmoudgeneli araferia.
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imaze saubari, rom parlamentis quTaisSi gadasvla sakanonmdeblo organos xels SeuSlis muSaobaSi, arasworia. Tanamedrove sakomunikacio saSualebebi xels gviwyobs da unda vecadoT, rom virtualuri sivrce maqsimalurad gamoviyenoT mmarTvelobaSic. bevr qveyanaSi ukve eleqtronul mmarTvelobazec fiqroben. fizikuradac, zogjer quTaisSi da zogjer TbilisSi rom Catardes sxdoma, ar aris problema. materialurad, ra Tqma unda, es iniciativa met danaxarjs moiTxovs, magram saboloo perspeqtivaSi es danaxarjebi Tavis Tavs amoiRebs. quTaisis ganviTareba Tu kargia socialurad da politikurad, es niSnavs, rom kargia ekonomikuradac. quTaisSi bevrad meti adamiani dasaqmdeba, qalaqSi cxovrebis gaaqtiurebas, Tavis mxriv, aucileblad mohyveba kerZo biznesis daintereseba da, Sesabamisad, Tanamdevi finansur-ekonomikuri aqtivobebi. sawyis etapze, ra Tqma unda, biujetidanaa xarjis gaweva saWiro, magram es iseTi xarjia, romelic qveynis ganviTarebisTvis gamarTlebulia. Tu am iniciativis formalizeba moxdeba konstituciis doneze, maSin am sakiTxze konstituciuri komisia imsjelebs. calmxrivad aravin miiRebs gadawyvetilebas, magram vfiqrob, prezidentis saubrisas parlamentis darbazSi gamoCnda, rom umravlesobis mxridan am ideas mxardaWera aqvs. Tumca, konstituciis doneze gadasawyveti sakiTxebi aucileblad Sejerdeba opoziciasTan. saqarTvelo mravalferovani qveyanaa, romelic unifikacias Znelad guobs. jansaRi decentralizacia Tanamedrove evropis politikuri modelia, riskenac saqarTveloc miiswrafis. quTaisisaTvis damatebiTi politikuri wonis miniWeba Tanxvdenilia centralizmis daZlevis istoriul amocanasTan. decentralizacia TviTmmarTvelobis gaZlierebas gulisxmobs. marTalia, quTaisisaTvis saparlamento qalaqis statusis ganawileba araa TviTmmarTvelobasTan pirdapir kavSirSi, magram, politikuri simZimis centris gadanawileba politikis horizontalur ganfenas uwyobs xels. es ki, saboloo jamSi, ufro mZlavri TviTmmarTvelobis socialur-kulturuli safuZvelia. o
mowinaaRmdege
vaxtang xmalaZe
respublikuri partiis wevri, konstituciuri samarTlis profesori
parlamentis gadatana dedaqalaqidan quTaisSi Tu nebismier sxva qalaqSi sruliad gaumarTleblad mimaCnia, ramdenime mizezis gamo: parlamentis saqmianoba ar Semoifargleba da arc SeiZleba Semoifarglos mxolod parlamentis wevrTa urTierTobiT. gadawyvetilebaTa miRebas win unda uZRodes Sesabamisi sakiTxis analizi, romelic unda efuZnebodes rogorc dokumentur masalas, aseve mTavrobis, saministroebis, sxva saxelmwifo organoTa xelmZRvanelTa da pasuxismgebel pirTa, agreTve e.w. interesTa jgufebis zepir informacias, maT mosazrebebs, diskusiebs, romlebic imarTeba parlamentis komitetebsa da fraqciebSi. sakiTxis ganxilva, Cveulebriv, mokle droSi da erT sxdomaze ar mTavrdeba; parlamentis erT-erTi umTavresi funqcia aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis kontrolia, xolo kontrolis erT-erTi qmediTi meTodi parlamenti-
problemebic, romlebic Seiqmneba parlamentis jerovani saqmianobis uzrunvelyofis aucileblobis gamo, kerZod: parlamentis saqmianobas uzrunvelyofs misi aparati, romelSic ramdenime aseuli kvalificiuri TanamSromelia, romelTa udidesi nawilic TbilisSi cxovrobs. parlamentis sxvagan gadatanis SemTxvevaSi, an mogviwevs maTi didi nawilis uzrunvelyofa sacxovrebliT, rac sakmaod Zviri dajdeba, an imasTan Segueba, rom ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi gveqneba kvalificiur TanamSromelTa seriozuli deficiti, rac daaqveiTebs parlamentis mier Sesrulebuli samuSaos xarisxs; parlaments, Tavisi funqciis saTanadod Sesasruleblad, sistematurad sWirdeba TanamSromloba da konsultaciebi sxvadasxva dargis specialistebTan da eqspertebTan, romelTa udidesi nawilic TbilisSi moRvaweobs. amasac damatebiTi xarji da damatebiTi dro dasWirdeba; mniSvnelovnad gaizrdeba xarji parlamentarebisTvis sacxovrebeli binebis daqiravebis gamo, vinaidan maTi didi nawili, obieqturi mizezebis gamo, Tbiliselia, da saeWvoa, rom aseTi mdgomareoba swrafad Seicvalos;
ilustracia ana tabataZe
sa da komitetebis sxdomebze ministrebisa da parlamentis winaSe angariSvaldebul sxva organoTa xelmZRvanelebis gamoZaxeba da dasmul SekiTxvebze maTi pasuxis mosmenaa, rasac, Cveulebriv, diskusia mohyveba xolme; Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom saministroebi da sxva saxelmwifo uwyebebi TbilisSia ganlagebuli, advili warmosadgenia, rogori sixSiriT mouwevT maT xelmZRvanelebs parlamentSi siaruli, ra dro daixarjeba uqmad parlamentSi misasvlelad da ukan dasabruneblad. cxadia, rom seriozuli problemebi Seiqmneba urTierTobis operatiulobis TvalsazrisiTac. aRarafers vambob materialur danaxarjebze, romelic dasWirdeba Tbilissa da quTaiss Soris mgzavrobas da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, quTaisSi Ramis gaTevas. yvelaze mniSvnelovani swored zemoaRniSnuli mizezebia, magram, garda amisa, gasaTvaliswinebelia is
cxadia, parlaments dasWirdeba saTanado Senoba, romelic albaT ramdenime aseuli milioni dajdeba. aRsaniSnavia erTi socialuri problemac. bevr parlamentarsa da parlamentis TanamSromels hyavs meuRleebi, romlebic muSaoben da arasrulwlovani Svilebi, romlebic swavloben. cxadia, rom problemuri iqneba ramdenime aseuli adamianis dasaqmeba axal adgilas, gansakuTrebiT, dRevandel pirobebSi. aseve problemuri SeiZleba aRmoCndes saskolo adgilebiT uzrunvelyofac; ver gavixsene verc erTi qveyana, garda holandiisa, sadac parlamenti dedaqalaqSi ar iyos. bunebrivad Cndeba kiTxva, ra aris is dadebiTi, rasac mogvcems parlamentis quTaisSi gadatana, da gadawonis ki es zemoaRniSnul uaryofiT Sedegebs? veWvob, rom am ideis avtorebma SeZlon damajerebeli pasuxis gacema. o
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politika
01
axali sazogadoebrivi moZraoba
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01 moZraobis `daicavi saqarTvelo!!!~ prezentacia, 12 ivlisi 2009 02 profkavSiri "solidarnosti" sasamarTlom daaregistrira. gaficulebs ukve hyavT lideri eleqtrikosi lex valensa, 1980 weli, noemberi 03 gemTmSenebeli qarxnis teritoriaze gaficuli muSebi. gdanski, 1980 weli, agvisto 04 qarxnis teritoriaze gaficul muSebsa da maT ojaxebs WiSkari # 2 hyofda. gdanski, 1980 weli, agvisto
solidarobis dro
ratom ver ipova saqarTvelom Tavisi lex valensa
magda novakovska
gdanskis gemTmSenebeli qarxnis teritoriaze dRemde SemorCenilia WiSkari # 2. aq me-20 saukunis 80-ian wlebSi polonelma xalxma mZime brZolebi gadaitana da triumfuli gamarjvebebi izeima. WiSkarze dResac TeTri droSa kidia, wiTeli warweriT `solidarnost~. WiSkari, romelic 30 wlis win gdanskis qarxnis gaficul muSebs danarCeni qalaqisgan yofda, sakuTari uflebebisTvis mebrZol adamianTa erTianobis simboloa. sabWoTa kavSiris ngrevis procesic aqedan daiwyo. polonuri `solidarnostis~ fenomeni dRemde ganumeorebeli aRmoCnda. saqarTveloSi cota xnis win Seqmnili moZraoba `daicavi saqarTvelos~ lideri levan gaCeCilaZe acxadebs, rom igi `solidarnostis~ gzas gaimeorebs. am statiis avtors _ rogorc polonels, romelic aT welze metia, saqarTveloSi cxovrobs, gamiCnda survili, gameanalizebina, ra saerTo aqvT `dai10
cavi saqarTvelosa~ da `solidarnosts~ istoriul, faqtobriv da politikur konteqstSi. `saqarTvelos samsaxurSi solidarulebi unda viyoT. erTad unda davicvaT samSoblo~, _ ase amixsna axali qarTuli organizaciis polonurTan msgavseba Tavad batonma gaCeCilaZem. `daicavi saqarTvelo~, Tveze naklebia, rac Seiqmna, Tumca, ukve SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am moZraobas CanasaxSive bevrad meti principuli gansxvaveba aqvs `solidarnostTan~, vidre msgavseba. `solidarnostis~ istoria keTilmowyobil ofisSi oficialuri prezentaciebiT ar dawyebula. 1980 wlis 14 agvistos gdanskis leninis saxelobis gemTmSenebeli qarxnis muSebma gaficva gamoacxades. isini sakuTar Tavs icavdnen da Zalian konkretuli moTxovnebi hqondaT: gaTavisuflebuli muSebis _ SemduRebel anna valentinoviCisa da eleqtrikos lex valensas samsaxurSi aRdgena da Tavisufali, damoukidebeli profkavSirebi. SemduReblisa da eleqtrikosis mimarT muSebis solidaroba male mTelma qveyanam aitaca. sayovelTao gaficvebze iTxovdnen imas, rasac komunisturi xelisufleba xalxs Sehpirda da ar Seusrula _ purs da samuSaos.
ès iyo dro adamianis da ara politikis... maSin pirvelad SeamCnies adamiani, romelic manamde aravis axsovda~.
foto 01 interpresniusi / mzia saganeliZe
`Cvens miwaze daiwyo dineba mdinarem, romelmac Secvala Cveni qveynis peizaJi da klimati~, _ acxadebda riSard kapuscinski, `solidarnostis~ erT-erTi wevri. moZraobas, romelmac Secvala mso-
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flio, Tavdapirvelad qarxnebSi Seqmnili sagaficvo komitetebis qseli marTavda. `solidarnostma~ sakuTari wiaRidan Seqmna liderebi da ara liderebma igi. gdanskis gemTmSenebeli qarxnidan gagdebuli eleqtrikosi lex valensa, romlis mamac durgali iyo, sam weliwadSi nobelis premiis laureati gaxdeba, kidev Svidi wlis Semdeg ki _ poloneTis meeqvse prezidenti. `solidarnostis~ fenomeni swored isaa, rom igi saxalxo moZraoba iyo Tavisi moTxovnebiT, miznebiTa Tu liderebiT. ajanyebulma muSebma SeZles is, rasac xSirad swored elitis funqciad miiCneven: polonuri sazogadoebis fesvebidan wamosuli moZraoba qveyanaSi samoqalaqo sazogadoebas qmnida. es iyo sazogadoebrivi TviTSegnebis gamoRviZebis xana. `solidarnostma~ aswavla xalxs brZola sakuTari uflebebisTvis. am moZraobam Sva imis imedi, rom xalxs Tavad SeuZlia sakuTari bedis gansazRvra awmyoSic da momavalSic. mogvianebiT valensa `solidarnostis~ warmatebis mTavar formulas ase Camoayalibebs: ès iyo dro adamianis da ara politikis... es Cveni yvelaze didi miRwevaa... Cven SevZeliT yvelaze mniSvnelovani, swori orientiri mogveZebna... maSin pirvelad SeamCnies adamiani, romelic manamde aravis axsovda. momavali saukune ara politikisa da ideologiis, aramed adamianis saukune unda iyos~.
swored es mTavari orientiri aviwydeba dRes yvela Zalas, romelic `solidarnostis~ fenomenis ganmeorebas cdilobs, maT Soris _ saqarTveloSic. aq yvelaferi piriqiT xdeba: moZraobebs politikosebi qmnian da ara xalxi. xelisuflebisTvis mebrZoli liderebi Tavis irgvliv ikreben sazogadoebis nawils, romelsac garkveuli interesebi aqvs, da xalxis mxardaWeras politikuri miznebisTvis iyeneben. es xelisuflebasa da opozicias Tanabrad exeba, radgan problema Tavad sazogadoebaSia, romelsac TviTorganizebis unari ar aqvs. saqarTveloSi sakuTari uflebebis dasacavad rigiTi moqalaqeebis gaerTianeba arasodes minaxavs. socialuri problemebiT Sewuxebul moqalaqeebs isev politikosebi uyrian Tavs, maT ki sul sxva miznebi da problemebi aqvT. 80-iani wlebis dasawyisSi poloneli xalxi mzad aRmoCnda `solidarnostisTvis~. maSin Rrma ekonomikur krizisSi myof qveyanas rTuli dReebi hqonda. inteleqtualebi da eklesia, romelic im dros Zalian popularuli iyo, komunisturi xelisuflebis mxridan represiebs ganicdidnen, Zalovani struqturebis aparati Zlierdeboda, praqtikulad ar arsebobda Tavisufali presa. rigiTi adamianebis cxovreba autaneli iyo, magram es damTrgunveli gamowvevebi poloneTSi cvlilebebisa da moqmedebis katalizatori gaxda. mmarTvel reJims safrTxe Seuqmna swored im klasma, romelsac komunistebi TavianT propagandaSi eris mamoZravebel Zalasa da dasayrdens uwodebdnen. komunistur warsuls ufrosi asakis xalxi saqarTveloSi dResac arcTu iSviaTad nostalgiurad ixsenebs. poloneTSi aseT rames ver moismenT. maxsovs 80-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi deidaCemma imogzaura. poloneTSi dabrunebuli gakvirvebuli hyveboda, rom sabWoTa kavSirSi naxa qveyana, sadac xalxi kargad cxovrobda. SesaZloa, im faqtma, rom sabWoTa dros saqarTvelo sxvebTan SedarebiT mdidari iyo, damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg am qveyanas daTvuri samsaxuri gauwia. aq sazogadoeba ufro morgebuli aRmoCnda komunistur reJims, vidre poloneTSi. Tavdapirvelad `solidarnosts~ politikuri motivebi ar amoZravebda. es datvirTva man mogvianebiT SeiZina, roca komunisturi reJimis mimarT daumorCileblobis sayovelTao simbolod
iqca da misi rigebi gafarTovda. gaficul muSebs poloneli inteleqtualebi _ kuroni, mixniki, mazovecki, anJei vaida, geremeki SeuerTdnen, romelTac gaficva mizanmimarTul politikur operaciad aqcies. es aTwliani politikuri brZola iyo revolucia molaparakebebis gziT, frontaluri konfrontaciis gareSe. `solidarnostis~ liderebi mudmivad marTavdnen dialogs imdroindel reJimTan, magram isini ar vaWrobdnen. es iyo brZola daTmobebisTvis, brZola ara xeirisTvis, aramed idealebisTvis. swored amitom, komunistebis mier Seviwroebuli da im droisTvis Zalian popolaruli polonuri kaTolikuri eklesiisTvis ioli gaxda mkafio politikuri arCevanis gakeTeba. is gaficulTa gverdiT dadga. am dramatul movlenebSi eklesiisa da warmoSobiT poloneli romis papis ioane pavle II-s roli gansakuTrebuli iyo. `solidaroba gvibiZgebs brZolisken, magram es arasodes ar aris brZola sxva adamianis winaaRmdeg. es aris brZola adamianisTvis, misi uflebebisTvis, misi WeSmariti progresisTvis~, _ Tqva 1987 wels mSobliur poloneTSi romis papma. axali qarTuli moZraoba, gansxvavebiT `solidarnostisgan~, kulturis, xelovnebisa da mecnierebis popularul warmomadgnelebs eyrdnoba. marTalia, am organizaciaSi yvela msurvels epatiJebian, magram moZraobis birTvi ukve Seqmnilia da toni gansazRvruli. es ar aris mxolod am axali moZraobis taqtika. saqarTveloSi yvela Zala cdilobs, sakuTar rigebSi inteligenciis warmomadgenlebi miiwvios da yovelTvis poulobs maT, radgan, SemduReblebisa da eleqtrikosebisgan gansxvavebiT, politikosebTan Sekedleba maT elitaSi moxvedris Sanss aZlevs. xelisuflebis yovel cvlilebasTan erTad midis mcire privilegirebuli kastac, romlis adgils gamarjvebul ZalasTan daaxloebuli wre ikavebs. 1995 wels poloneTis prezidentma lex valensam arCevnebi waago da posti aleqsandr kvasnevskis dauTmo. igi saxlSi dabrunda da gdanskis gemTmSenebel qarxanaSi, Tavis Zvel samuSao adgilze eleqtrikosad moewyo, ra Tqma unda _ simbolurad. magram es simbolizmi asaxavs `solidarnostis~ idealistur filosofias, romelmac imdenad Secvala poloneTi, rom Tavad lex valensasac ki ar dautova privilegiebi.
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interviu
Semakavebeli faqtori
Sorena SaverdaSvili
eka tyeSelaSvili uSiSroebis sabWos mdivani
liberali qalbatono eka, konkretulad ras gulisxmobs evrokavSiris da aSS-s mier `konfliqtis erToblivi monitoringis~ iniciativa? saubari ar aris axali misiis Seqmnaze. Cven gvaqvs monitoringis erTi meqanizmi _ evrokavSiris. misi mandati omis Semdeg ganisazRvra. misiis pirveladi amocana cecxlis Sewyvetis SeTanxmebis Sesrulebis monitoringi iyo. mandati ganisazRvra ise, rom misiis wevrebs saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze hqonodaT monitoringis ufleba, maT Soris _ afxazeTsa da samxreT oseTSic, magram yvelam viciT, rom ruseTi am misias ar aZlevs saSualebas, fexi Seadgas romelime am regionSi. amitom teritoriuli TvalsazrisiT, Zalian SezRudulia maTi SesaZleblobebi. Tu es formati gafarTovdeboda da moqnili gaxdeboda, saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobas SeeZleboda ruseTisTvis eTqva, _ diax, Tqven dablokeT da bolo mouReT or misias saqarTveloSi, radgan vetos ufleba gqondaT, magram mainc gvaqvs saSualeba, rom saqarTveloSi davrCeT. garda amisa, es gaaZlierebda im politikur gzavnilsac, rac ruseTs isedac Zalian mkafiod miuvida, maT Soris, moskovSi obamas vizitis dros; anu mTeli msoflio da amerikis SeerTebuli Statebic dainteresebulia, rom saqarTveloSi mSvidoba iyos da aravin Seegueba im viTarebas, rom es teritoriebi damoukidebel erTeulebad iyos aRiarebuli. amitom, evrokavSiris am misiis gaZliereba mniSvnelovania politikuri prevenciis TvalsazrisiT, Torem es ar niSnavs, rom Tu jari
wamovida, mas samoqalaqo damkvirvebeli SeaCerebs.

liberali es qarTuli mxaris idea iyo? Cveni idea iyo, magram es SevTavazeT ara marto aSS-s, aramed amaze saubari evrokavSirTan daviwyeT. bunebrivia, aSS-s monawileoba raime formiT Zalian mniSvnelovani iqneba am misiaSi, magram es araa mxolod aSS-ze morgebuli winadadeba. sxva qveynebsac, visac survili da interesi gauCndeba, SeeZlebaT monawileoba miiRon konfliqtis monitoringSi. es kidev ufro ukeTesi iqneba. Tumca, Zalian bevri qveynis monawileobas rTuli menejmenti sWirdeba. amitom evrokavSirs albaT urCevnia, rom ramdenime saxelmwifo iyos. me ase mgonia, da signalebic aseTia. liberali konkretulad ra igulisxmeba misiis gaZlierebaSi? magaliTad, Zalian saintereso iqneboda, Tu misiisTvis advili xelmisawvdomi gaxdeba satelituri suraTebi. maT ar SeuZliaT fizikurad Sevidnen am regionebSi, magram aqvT saSualeba, satelitebis meSveobiT mudmivad daakvirdnen dinamikas, samxedro viTarebis TvalsazrisiT mainc. anu aseTi detalebs vgulisxmobT da ara iaraRis miwodebas. sxvadasxva aRWurvilobiT gamyareba gacilebiT ufro qmediTs gaxdida misias am kuTxiT. es winadadeba jer sawyis etapzea, konsultaciebis doneze. es, zogadad, martivad misaRwevi ram ar aris. garda politikuri gadawyvetilebisa, Zalian bevri teqnikuri
xasiaTis detalia. rodesac 27 wevrisgan Semdgar organizacias, anu evrokavSirsa da mis misias exeba saqme, biurokratiul elementebsac Sinaarsobrivi datvirTva eniWeba. magaliTad, rogori iqneba mmarTvelobis sistema, Sevlen Tu ara misiaSi sxva qveynebi, daeqvemdebarebian evrokavSiris mmarTvelobis sistemas, Tu TavianT sistemas Seqmnian. amitom gadawyvetilebebi aseTi tipis TanamSromlobaze advilad ar miiReba xolme.
liberali Tu isaubreT am Temaze amerikis vice-prezident jozef baidenTan? baidenTan es sakiTxi ganvixileT. bunebrivia, aranairi molodini ar gvqonda, rom mas axla eTqva pasuxi, _ diax, miviRebT monawileobaso. jer evrokavSirma unda dapatiJos aSS, rom mere man saboloo gadawyvetileba miiRos. amerikelebisTvis idea ar aris aragonivruli an cudi, magram axla yvelasTan Zalian mWidro TanamSromlobaa saWiro, rom SemodgomisTvis saboloo gadawyvetilebamde mividnen. liberali Tu SeiZleba im vadebis dazusteba, ra vadebSic sabolood gairkveva gadawyvetileba? albaT am wlis dasasrulamde iqneboda optimisturi gaTvla. axla saboloo gadawyvetileba evrokavSirma unda miiRos _ pirvel rigSi, ugrZelebs Tu ara misias vadas. konsultaciebi Semodgomis dasawyisidan gaaqtiurdeba da albaT wlis bolomde raimes gadawyveten. liberali xom ar aris es idea Zalian provokaciuli ruseTisTvis? ukve liberali ivlisi-agvisto #6 2009
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gavrcelda ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa ministris moadgilis Zalian mkveTri, muqaris Semcveli gancxadeba. ruseTma unda icodes, rom politikurad Zalian Zviri daujdeba, Tu is rames moimoqmedebs. esaa erTaderTi Semakavebeli faqtori, Torem iseTi artileria udgaT axalgorSi, rom dedaqalaqs iqidanac miswvdebian. samxedro-taqtikuri TvalsazrisiT, es sirTules ar warmoadgens. Zalian mniSvnelovania is, rom rusebma amerikelebisgan zusti signali miiRes. isini amerikisgan werilobiT garantiebs elodnen, rom vaSingtoni uars ityoda saqarTvelos nato-Si gawevrianebaze. imedi hqondaT, rom saqarTvelo vaWrobis sagani gaxdeboda. baidenis viziti kidev erTi dadasturebaa, rom es mcdari gaTvla iyo. Sexvedrazec ruseTs pirdapir uTxres, rom movlenebis agresiuli ganviTareba misTvis Zalian negatiuri SedegebiT damTavrdeboda. imedi maqvs, es zustad gaiges. rogorc wesi, zusti gamonaTqvamebi ufro esmiT xolme.
liberali
am Sexvedras. anu marto nato ki ar aris ruseTisTvis problema, evrokavSiric problema iqneba. aqamde evrokavSirze imitom ar laparakobdnen, rom egonaT, evrokavSiri saqarTvelosken arc ki gamoixedavda. ase Tu vifiqreT, _ oRond ruseTi ar gabrazdes da arc evrokavSirSi gvinda, arc nato-Si, marto viqnebi da komfortulad; Tu gabrazdeba, Tavs davuxri, cota Camartyams, vumRereb, vucekveb, rom karg xasiaTze iyos... me ar minda aseT qveyanaSi cxovreba.
liberali dRes xSirad avleben paralelebs gasuli wlis agvistosTan. SedarebiTi analizi Tu SegviZlia gavakeToT _ ra faqtorebi arsebobda SarSan, ramac omamde migviyvana da aris Tu ara es faqtorebi wels? dRes yvelas Zalian uWiris, endos ruseTs. ukve ician, ruseTi unda aiZulon, gaigos, rom CarTuloba ufro momgebiania, vidre saerTaSoriso TanamegobrobasTan dapirispireba. ruseTTan urTierTobis awyobasac am konteqstSi cdiloben _ iseTi stimuli gauCinon, rom darwmundes, CarTuloba misTvis cudi ar aris da amiT meti sargebeli SeiZleba naxos. es yvelaze mniSvnelovania. danarCeni spekulaciis sagania. samxedro TvalsazrisiT, axla ufro momgebian viTarebaSia ruseTi, vidre SarSan. liberalikonkretulad
awarmoebda Tavis saqmianobas. raze akeTebs gaTvlas ruseTi? moaxdinos zewola nebismieri saxelmwifos kompaniaze, rom CvenTan vaWroba ver SeZlos. politikuri TvalsazrisiTac Zalian mniSvnelovania, rom es ar moxdes. es, ara samxedro, magram sxva gzebiT isev suverenuli saxelmwifos Sida saqmeebSi Carevis tolfasia, imitom, rom iaraRis Sesyidva absoluturi suverenuli uflebaa nebismieri saxelmwifosTvis; ufleba ki ara valdebulebaa, rom sakuTari Tavdacvisunarianoba uzrunvelyos.
liberali anu saqarTvelos SeiaraRebis ganaxlebis Tema mainc dgas dRis wesrigSi? diax, bunebrivia. Cven ar vTvliT, rom ai, axla, erT dReSi Tu absoluturad ar aRviWurveT, daviRupebiT da aRaraferi gveSveleba. Cveni mizania, rom SeiaraReba, romelic SeiZleba momavalSi gvqondes, ufro Tanamedrove iyos, raTa romelime mterma saxelmwifos mospoba an sruli aneqsia swrafad, Tvalis daxamxamebaSi ver SeZlos; Tu masStabur mterze gvaqvs saubari da ara asimetriul, teroristul mterze. dRes sxva faqtorebiT xdeba Cveni qveynis usafrTxoebis dacvis uzrunvelyofa. axla Tavdacvis saministro infrastruqturis Secvlas cdilobs. rogorc momavalma wevrma saxelmwifom, nato-s standartebis dakmayofilebisTvis Tanamedrove aRWurviloba aucileblad unda SeviZinoT. Tavdacvis saministros personalmac zustad unda icodes, sxvadasxva viTarebaSi rogor gamoiyenos es Tanamedrove aRWurviloba. amitom Zalian konceptualurad vudgebiT am sakiTxs. vcdilobT, zustad SevafasoT, Tu ra gvWirdeba da ratom. magram dRes es ar aris gadamwyveti faqtori. dRes mTavaria, Cveni usafrTxoebis sfero ise ganviTardes, rom absoluturad Seesabamebodes nato-s kriteriumebs.
aqvs Tu ara minusebi amerikelebis CarTvas monitoringis procesSi? konceptualurad araswori midgomaa, TiTqos nebismieri problema ruseTTan imitom gvaqvs, rom is raRaciT gavaRizianeT. ruseTisTvis fundamenturi problema saqarTvelos damoukideblobaa. erTaderTi garantia, rom damoukideblobis SenarCuneba movaxerxoT, isaa, rom ruseTTan marto ar unda davrCeT. Tu ruseTTan marto aRmovCndebiT, Sansi faqtobrivad aRar dagvrCeba. amitom evrokavSiris da amerikis nebismieri saxiT Semosvla mniSvnelovania. ruseTis propagandis nawilia is, rom maT araferi aqvT evrokavSiris sawinaaRmdego da mxolod amerikasTan aqvT fsiqologiuri problemebi. rogorc ki evrokavSiri gaaqtiurda da aRmosavleT partniorobis farglebSi politikuri daaxloebis procesi uCveulod swrafad wavida, briuselSi lavrovma pirdapir ganacxada, _ es ras niSnavs, gavlenis sferoebi gindaT CvenTan regionSio? me piradad veswrebodi
ra igulisxmeba, rodesac rusebi imuqrebian, rom ar dauSveben saqarTvelos xelmeored SeiaraRebas? ruseTi, didi xania, ambobs, rom SemoiRebs sanqciebs im qveynebis mimarT, romlebic saqarTvelos iaraRs mihyidian. vaWrobis es sfero Zalian transparentulia. saqarTvelos Sav bazarze da malulad arasodes araferi SeuZenia. arian specialuri organoebi, romlebic iaraRis Sesyidvebis monitorings axorcieleben. es iseTi sferoa, sadac araferi imaleba. es ar aris sazogadoebisTvis cnobili informacia, magram maTTvis, vinc am sferos akontrolebs, yvelaferi cxadia. am mxriv saqarTvelo yovelTvis Zalian gamWvirvaled
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qarTuli da rusuli eklesiebis dialogi
naTia guliaSvili
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foto REUTERS / sergei kapruxini
siyvarul-siZulvilis urTierToba
erTmorwmuneobis miTi xels uSlis qarTul-rusuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis kavSiris gaanalizebis saSualebas. ruseT-saqarTvelos omis Semdeg, rodesac qveynebs Soris faqtobrivad yvelanairi kavSiri gawyda, eklesia aRmoCnda erTaderTi, romelmac am urTierTobis aRdgena scada. pirveli molaparakebis mTavari Tema, im fonze, roca ruseTma afxa-
ruseTis axali patriarqis kirilis intronizacia, moskovi, 1 Tebervali 2009
zeTis da cxinvalis damoukidebloba aRiara, am regionebis eklesiebis saqarTvelos eparqiis SemadgenlobaSi datoveba gaxda. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebluri eklesiis delegacia am mizniT moskovSi omidan sami Tvis Semdeg Cavida. erT TveSi ki ruseTis patriarqis dakrZalvis ceremoniaze daswrebis Semdeg kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia meore prezident medvedevsac xvliberali ivlisi-agvisto #6 2009
deba. `moskovi momxrea, daabrunos devnilebi konfliqtur regionebSi da aRadginos diplomatiuri urTierToba. es `Cvenma xelisuflebam unda gamoiyenos~, _ ganacxada moskovidan dabrunebulma patriarqma. im dros, rodesac qarTul-rusuli saeklesio molaparakebebis mTavari Tema afxazeTi da samxreT oseTia, ruseTis axlad arCeuli pa-
triarqi kiril pirveli milocvis sapasuxo werilSi afxazeTis de faqto liders sergei baRafSs àfxazeTis prezidentad~ moixseniebs. analogiurad mimarTavs is eduard kokoiTisac. `Zalian mniSvnelovania, rom ruseTis sapatriarqo aRiarebs qarTuli eklesiis kanonikur iurisdiqcias saqarTvelos separatistul regionebSi. afxazeTsa da oseTSi qarTul eklesiebSi qarTveli mRvdelmsaxurebis dabrunebaze Cveni yvela vizitis dros iyo saubari, Tumca raime konkretuli SeTanxmeba ar aris~, _ ambobs zurab abaSiZe, saqarTvelos yofili elCi ruseTSi, romelic saeklesio delegaciebis yvela Sexvedras eswreba, maT Soris ukanasknel vizits, rodesac qarTuli delegacia ruseTis patriarqs da sagareo saqmeTa ministris moadgiles, grigori karasins Sexvda. saeklesio delegaciaTa saubrebi am Temaze fiqtiur saxes iRebs. regionebidan qarTveli sasuliero pirebi dRemde gandevnilebi arian. afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis marTlmadideblur eparqiebs ruseTis sapatriarqos kuratorebi marTaven. cxinvalis regionis kuratori stavropolisa da vladikavkazis arqiepiskoposi Teofane aSurkovia. 19 ivliss man samxreT oseTis erT-erT dedaTa monasterSi masobrivi naTloba Caatara, sadac, oficialuri informaciiT, 1200-mde adamiani moinaTla. afxazeTis da cxinvalis eparqiebis damoukideblobis araRiareba moskovisTvis imis erTgvari garantiaa, rom saqarTvelos sapatriarqo, amis sanacvlod, ukrainis eklesiis damoukideblobis aRiarebisgan kvlavac Tavs Seikavebs. ukrainis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis erTi nawili, didi xania, avtokefalias acxadebs, romlis aRiarebac ruseTis winaaRmdegobis gamo rTuldeba. `ruseTs ar surs, aseTi nabiji iZulebiT gadaadgmevinos saqarTvelos patriarqs. Tuki, vTqvaT, mas gaaRizianebs afxazeTis da oseTis TemiT (formalurad, Torem araformalurad iq isedac yvelaferi mowesrigebulia ruseTis sasargeblod), maSin es isev patriarqs Caayenebs uxerxul mdgomareobaSi. mas mouwevs ukrainis eklesiis damouki15
deblobis aRiareba, ruseTTan urTierTobebis gawyveta an protestis gamoxatva, _ ambobs beqa mindiaSvili. misi azriT, ruseTis eklesiis Tanamoazreobas èrTmorwmune saqarTvelosTan~ mxolod pragmatuli safuZveli aqvs. putinis ruseTSi xelisuflebis mier marTlmadideblobis legitimacia da gansakuTrebuli rolis miniWeba geopolitikur miznebs ukavSirdeba. ruseTisa da evraziis istoriis specialisti, igor torbakovi amis safuZvels me-19 saukunis rusul konservatizmSi xedavs, romlis lozungic iyo _ `pravoslavie, samoderJavie, narodnost _ marTlmadidebloba, avtokratia, nacionalizmi~. rusuli eklesiis da saxelmwifos ìnteresebis harmoniul SeTavsebasa da pasuxismgeblobis gadanawilebaze~ patriarqma kirilma intronizaciidan erT dReSi kremlSi, mis pativsacemad gamarTul miRebaze isaubra: ès rTuli gamocdilebaa, misi wyaro _ bizantiaSia, sadac eklesiisa da saxelmwifos saukeTeso moazrovneebi eklesiur-saxelmwifoebriv urTierTobis modelze muSaobdnen. isini maSin am modelis
ruseTis nacionaluri idea 2009 wlis 8 ivliss, ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis warmomadgenlebTan Sexvedris Semdeg saxelmwifo dumis pirvelma vice-spikerma ganacxada, rom partia edinaia rosia da ruseTis marTlmadidebluri eklesia Tanxmdebian saerTo Rirebulebebze. amdenad, partia saWirod miiCnevs, eklesia CaerTos kanonproeqtebze muSaobaSi. morozovma ganacxada, rom nacionaluri idea unda gaxdes ruseTis, rogorc udidesi saxelmwifos, xelaxali dabadebis, misi istoriuli warmatebis idea. amieridan rusul eklesias eqneba SesaZlebloba, gadaxedos da ganixilos yvela kanonproeqti, rasac saxelmwifo duma waradgens. garda amisa, patriarqma moiTxova, gadaxedos im dokumentebs, romlebic exeba skolebSi seqsualuri ganaTlebisa da iuvenalur iurisdiqciis sakiTxebs.
aRsawerad iyenebdnen SesaniSnav sityvas simfonia. swored simfonia gansazRvravs harmoniul SeTanxmebas, interesebisa da pasuxismgeblobis gadanawilebas~. statiaSi `putini marTavs rogorc rusul saxelmwifos, aseve rusul eklesias~ Jurnali `forbsi~ werda: `sabWoTa arqivebis Tanaxmad, kirili kgb-s agenti iyo, iseve, rogorc aleqsei meore _ rac imas niSnavs, rom is organizaciis aqtiuri oficeri iyo da ara ubralo informatori, rogorc milionobiT adamiani sabWoTa kavSirSi~. kgb-s masalebma estonur arqivSi (yofili patriarqi aleqsei estoneTSia dabadebuli) eWvi ar datova mis kavSirze am organizaciasTan. arqivis Tanaxmad, misi rekrutireba 1958 wlis 28 Tebervals moxda. organizaciis wesebis Tanaxmad, man koduri saxeli drozdovi miiRo. kgb-s samsaxurTan sasuliero pirebis TanamSromlobis SemTxvevebis gamoZiebis mizniT, 1992 wels ruseTis dumaSi parlamentis specialuri komiteti Seiqmna. maSin disidentma mRvdelma, gleb iakuninma kgb-s arqivebSi aRmoaCina, rom patriarqi kirili, koduri saxeliT mixailovi, kgb-s agenti iyo. 1970 wlidan sazRvargareT gasasvlelad saWiro gansakuTrebuli vizitebisTvis mas sagangebo pasportsac aZleven. `davaleba nomeri erTi _ qveyanaSi sruli Zalauflebis xelSi aReba Sesrulebulia~, _ ixumra kgb-s oficerma, vladimir putinma, `Cekistis dRes~, rodesac igi prezidentobidan mokle xanSi, kgb-s yofil StabbinaSi, lubiankaze mivida. dRevandel ruseTSi es sityvebi, SesaZloa, ufro mets niSnavdes, vidre ubralod xumrobas. ruseTis da dasavleTis liberalur wreebSi jer kidev putinis xelisuflebaSi mosvlamde daiwyo diskusia Temaze, Tu rogor anacvlebs postsabWoTa ruseTSi marTlmadidebloba kgb-s ideologias. am diskusias dRemde aRvivebs is faqti, rom ruseTSi uSiSroebis samsaxurTan TanamSromlobis monanieba ar momxdara; im dros, rodesac 90iani wlebis dasawyisSi aRmosavleT evropis qveynebs sasuliero pirebis aRiarebebis da lustraciis talRam gadauara.
es sakiTxi saqarTveloSic daisva 1995 wels eklesiis oficialur krebaze. eqsperti religiis sakiTxebSi, nugzar papuaSvili, romelic am Sexvedris Canawers ixsenebs, ambobs, rom patriarqis gancxadebiT, _ sabWoTa kavSiris epoqaSi SeuZlebeli iyo sazRvargareT gasvla kgb-sTan TanamSromlobaze formaluri xelis moweris gareSe, da axla amas aRar unda mivaqcioT yuradRebao. ramdenadac iolia dRes sazogadoebisTvis rusuli da qarTuli eklesiebis erTmorwmuneobaze saubari, imdenad rTulia am eklesiebis sxva kavSirebis dadastureba. maSin, roca dRes saqarTveloSi xelisuflebis mTavari veqtorebi dasavleTTan integraciiskenaa mimarTuli, eklesia sapirispiro gziT midis, rac saqarTveloSic ayalibebs Tanamedrove ruseTis msgavsi religiuri nacionalizmis ideologias. araerTxel uTqvamT, rom nacionalizmi _ CoxebiT siaruli da sufris kulturis aRdgena, es uSualod patriarqis qadagebebSi weria _ globalizaciasTan dapirispirebis kargi SesaZleblobaa. qarTuli eklesia globalizacias mTavar ideologiur safrTxed ganixilavs. aseTi antiglobalisturi ganwyoba marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi, ra Tqma unda, ruseTis wisqvilze asxams wyals. ruseTi ganuwyvetliv laparakobs mravalpolusian, fragmentirebul samyaroze, sadac mas Tavis gavlenis gafarToebis SesaZlebloba eqneba. Sesabamisad, marTlmadidebeli eklesiis rolic gamokveTilia im mxriv, rom ruseTi mas saqarTveloSi strategiul partniorad ganixilavs, _ ambobs beqa mindiaSvili saqarTvelosTvis ruseTi dRes siyvarul-siZulvilis urTierTobaa, _ ambobs qarTveli Teologi, JenevaSi mcxovrebi Tamara grZeliZe NYTimesTan interviuSi, _ ukanasknelma konfliqtma orive mxares ambivalenturi mogonebebi gamoiwvia. Cvenma patriarqma ganaTleba ruseTSi miiRo, es aris saukeTeso, rac man icis da amas Zalian afasebs. rodesac ruseTma saqarTvelos aneqsia moaxdina me-19 saukunis dasawyisSi, aman gaauqma mefis instituti saqarTveloSi, gaauqma patriarqis instituti 1811 wels da gamoiwvia qarTuli enis gandevna yvela sferodan, maT Soris _ eklesiidanac.
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gansakuTrebiT aRvniSnavdi Cveni erebis sulieri erTobis gaZlierebis mniSvnelobas, axlo kavSirebs ruseTisa da saqarTvelos marTlmadideblur eklesiebs Soris~.
ruseTis prezidenti dimitri medvedevi 2009 wlis 3 Tebervali
foto REUTERS
`nu avurevT cnebebs. amboben, rom moxda patara gaugebroba, magram Cven xom yvelani erTmorwmuneebi varT. ra Tqma unda, gvinda, rom Cveni xalxebi iyvnen axlos, gvinda mtroba gaqres, magram mtroba gaqreba ara erTmorwmuneobaze uazro laparakiT, roca Cveni eklesiebi ingreva afxazeTSi, ara kulturaTa dialogze laparakiT, rodesac 50000 ltolvili ver brundeba saxlSi.
mixel saakaSvili 2009 wlis 20 ivlisi, gamosvla parlamentSi
dimitri medvedevi, vladimir putini da ruseTis partiarqi kirili, moskovi, ianvari 2009
ramdenadac iolia dRes sazogadoebisTvis rusuli da qarTuli eklesiebis erTmorwmuneobaze saubari, imdenad rTulia am eklesiebis sxva kavSirebis dadastureba.
TviTon ruseTTan urTierTobis resursi, romelsac hqvia erTmorwmuneoba da ruseTis eklesiisa da qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiis urTierToba, es erTaderTi pozitiuri resursi, esec ki negatiurad iqna warmoCenili.
giorgi TargamaZe 2009 wlis 20 ivlisi, gamosvla parlamentSi
saqarTvelosa da ruseTis siyvarul-siZulvilis urTierTobis Zala sapatriarqos beWdur gamocemebSic igrZnoba. 2008 wlis seqtembris nomerSi, agvistos omidan erTi Tvis Semdeg sapatriarqos gamocema qvakuTxedis redaqtori saavtoro svetSi wers: ufalma arc erT SemTxvevaSi ar dauSva saqarTvelos zedmeti daaxloeba dasavleTis qveynebTan, magram akurTxa misi ruseTis mfarvelobis qveS Sesvla. ra unda iyos amis mizezi? iqneb is, rom mTeli Tavisi ambiciurobisda miuxedavad, ruseTi mainc Tavisi madlis matarebeli marTlmadidebeli qveyanaa, romelsac zurgs umagrebs udides wmindanTa zeciuri locvakurTxeva?! bolo wlebis manZilze saqarTvelos istoriuli Carxi kidev erTxel, TiTqos ualternativod Semobrunda dasavleTisaken da sul mainteresebda, axla ki dauSvebda RvTis gangebuleba dasavleTliberali ivlisi-agvisto #6 2009
Tan umWidroves integracias?! iqneb saqarTveloSi aqa-iq aRmocenebuli rusuli blok-postebi swored is marwuxebia, romelnic zecidan daeSva dauZlevel barikadebad am integraciis gzaze?!~ ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis delegaciis ukanaskneli viziti saqarTveloSi kostromisa da galiCis eparqiis arqiepiskopos aleqsandres xelmZRvanelobiT Sedga. oficialuri informaciiT, stumrebi saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq ilia meores Sexvdnen, estumrnen `borjomis~ Camomsxmel qarxnebs da likanis romanovebis sasaxles. delegaciis maspinZeli, borjomisa da bakurianis eparqiis mTavarepiskoposi serafime (jojua) iyo. oficialuri informaciiT, vizitis mizani kostromisa da galiCis da borjomisa da bakurianis eparqiebs Soris urTierTobebis gaRrmavebaa. TiTqos es piligrimuli delegaciaa. sinamdvileSi ruseTis delega-
ciis xelmZRvaneli sapatriarqos maRalCinosania. is mTeli federaciis masStabiT marTavs marTlmadideblur axalgazrdul organizaciebs. niSandoblivia, rom misi maspinZelia borjomisa da bakurianis mTavarepiskoposi serafime jojua, cnobili prorusi, viaCeslav kovalenkos didi makurTxeveli da megobari, romelic Tavis qadagebebSic ki ambobs, rom meored mosvlisas marto ruseTi gadarCeba~, _ acxadebs basil kobaxiZe. imis gamo, rom saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia dRemde erTerT yvelaze daxurul sistemad rCeba, sazogadoebisTvis dafarulia mis SigniT mimdinare tendenciebic. miuxedavad amisa, is yvelaze gavleniani instituciaa da amitom aravin aanalizebs, Tu razea dafuZnebuli rusuli da qarTuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis kavSiri.
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Jurnalisturi gamoZieba
kerZo sakuTrebis ufleba
ukanono brZaneba
ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis saministrom, ministris 2008 wlis 26-e brZanebis safuZvelze, kerZo pirebis mier SeZenil farTSi devnilebi Seasaxla. mogvianebiT gairkva, rom koba subelianis brZaneba ukanono iyo
giorgi mgelaZe, `studia monitori~
istoria 2008 wlis 31 ianvars daiwyo: Jana ustaraSvilma, nana cxvariaSvilma, zurab diasamiZem, irma burWulaZem, rusudan mindikaurma, naira javaxiSvilma da daviT jabiZem ekonomikis saministros mier gamarTul auqcionze TbilisSi, isani-samgoris raionSi, kaloubnis quCis #6-Si mdebare samsarTuliani Senobis pirveli sarTuli SeiZines. farTSi, sadac bolos afxazeTis sasamarTlo iyo ganTavsebuli, 7 adamianisgan Semdgarma jgufma 170 aTasi amerikuli dolari gadaixada. `sawyisi fasi 100 aTasi dolaridan 170 aTas dolaramde avida. ekonomikis saministrom Tanxis srulad gadaxdisTvis 1-Tviani vada mogvca, Cven `pro-kredit bankidan~ 10-wliani sesxi aviReT _ 150 aTasi dolari, romelic bankma 27 Tebervals Tavadve gadaricxa ekonomikis saministros angariSze~, _ acxadebs erT-erTi mesakuTre Jana ustaraSvili. Tanxis gadaricxvidan 1 kviraSi mesakuTreebma SeZenil farTSi ucxo pirebi SeamCnies. gairkva, rom maTi farTi devnilebs hqondaT dakavebuli. `roca Senobas vyidulobdiT, iq devnilebi ar cxovrobdnen, mogvianebiT ekonomikis saministrom sasamarTloze warmoadgi18
na dokumenti, romlis mixedviTac, auqcionze gatanisas es farTi Tavisufali iyo. rac Cvens sakuTrebaSi devnilebi vnaxeT, imave dRes, 7 marts devnilTa saministroSi SevxvdiT ministris erTerT moadgiles, besarion weredians, romelsac vacnobeT, rom Cven mier 1 Tvis win auqcionze SeZenil farTSi devnilebi iyvnen SeWrilebi. besarion weredianma gviTxra, _ es xalxi Cven ar Segvisaxlebia, ukanonod Sevidnen da erT kviraSi gamoviyvanTo. gaxarebulebi gamovediT, magram ar vendeT sajaro moxelis sityvas da ministris saxelze werilic davtoveT. koba subelianisgan viTxovdiT, rom Cvens kerZo sakuTrebaSi ar momxdariyo e.w. damisamarTeba anu ukanonod SeWrili devnilebisTvis iq cxovrebis ufleba ar daekanonebinaT~, _ acxadebs erT-erTi mesakuTre zurab diasamiZe. ltolvilTa saministros dapirebidan 1 Tvis Semdegac devnilebi isev kerZo pirebis mier SeZenil SenobaSi cxovrobdnen. mesakuTreebma maTi gamosaxlebis moTxovniT policias mimarTes, Tumca samarTaldamcavebma warmoadgines sabuTebi, romliTac gairkva, rom saministrom maT sakuTrebaSi devnilebi ukve oficialurad Seasaxla,
anu kaloubnis #6-Si daamisamarTa. im dros saministroSi ukve arsebobda erTi kviriT adre, anu 7 marts Setanili werili, sadac mesakuTreebi subelians afrTxilebdnen, rom es Senoba auqcionze SeiZines da maT ekuTvnodaT. policiam mesakuTreebs devnilebis gamosaxlebaze uari uTxra. amis Semdeg mesakuTreebma sasamarTloSi iCivles da koba subelianis brZanebis gauqmeba moiTxoves. procesze gaarkvies, rom subelianis #26 brZaneba, romelic 2008 wlis 27 TebervliT TariRdeba, ukanono iyo. àRmoCnda, rom devnilebis Cvens sakuTrebaSi damisamarTeba subelianis 27 Tebervlis brZanebis safuZvelze moxda, anu im dros, roca Cven ukve Tanxa gadaricxuli gvqonda ekonomikis saministrosTvis. es brZaneba ukanono da gayalbebulia~, _ acxadebs erT-erTi mesakuTre, nana cxvariaSvili am brZanebiT subelianma dedaqalaqSi ganTavsebul ramdenime Senobas kompaqturad gansaxlebis obieqtis statusi mianiWa, anu SeirCa Senobebi, sadac samomavlod devnilebis Sesaxleba SeiZleboda. TiToeul Senobas brZanebis TiToeuli punqti exeba, romelSic CamoTvlilia is dokumentacia, romelsac ministri konkretuli SenobisTvis statusis miniWebisas daeyrdno. dokumentaciaSi aucileblad Sedis sajaro reestris werili, sadac aRniSnulia, visi sakuTrebaa esa Tu is obieqti, romelSic saxelmwifo devnilebis Sesaxlebas apirebs. kaloubnis #-6-ze saubaria aRniSnuli brZanebis me-8 punqtSi. am punqtSi CamoTvlil yvela dokumentze gamocemis zusti TariRia miTiTebuli, garda erTisa. brZanebis me-8 punqtSi CamoTvlili dokumentaciidan mxolod sajaro reestris werilis gamocemis TariRi ar iyo miTiTebuli, rac mesakuTreebs saeWvod moeCvenaT da sajaro reestridan aRniSnuli werilis asli gamoiTxoves. reestridan miRebuli dokumentaciidan irkveva, rom werili, romelic subelianma 27 Tebervlis brZanebaSi moixsenia, imave wlis 13 martsaa gamocemuli; anu subelianma 26-e brZanebaSi im dros ararsebuli werilis zusti
nomeri moixsenia. aqedan gamomdinare, koba subelians brZanebis gamocemisas, 27 Tebervals ar SeiZleboda hqonoda reestris aRniSnuli werili, romliTac kaloubnis #-6 Si mdebare farTis mesakuTre dgindeboda, rac mas ukrZalavda am obieqtis devnilebis Sesasaxleblad gamoyenebas. koba subelianis 27 Tebervlis brZaneba da masSi moxseniebuli sajaro reestris werili samarTlebrivi SefasebisTvis iurist irakli cnobilaZes mivutaneT. `winaswarmetyvelebasTan gvaqvs saqme. ministris 27 Tebervlis brZanebaSi moxseniebulia im werilis zusti nomeri, romelic brZanebis gamocemis dros ar arsebobda da mxolod misi gamocemidan or kviraSi gamovida. ministris aseTi qmedeba uflebamosilebis borotad gamoyenebad SeiZleba CavTvaloT. koba subelianis Tanamdeboba politikuri Tanamdebobaa da, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 332-e muxlis mixedviT, politikuri Tanamdebobis piris mier uflebamosilebis borotad gamoyeneba ufro amZimebs sasjels. aRniSnuli muxli iTvaliswinebs jarimas an Tavisuflebis aRkveTas 3-dan 5 wlamde~, _ gviTxra irakli cnobilaZem. dazaralebulma mesakuTreebma subelianis brZanebis gauqmeba sasamarTlos mosTxoves. `sasamarTloze Cven davasabuTeT da vaCveneT, rom subelianis 26-e brZaneba ukanono iyo, mosamarTle yvela SemTxvevaSi samarTaldamcavebs gadaugzavnida gayalbebul brZanebas Sesabamisi reagirebisTvis, magram subelianma procesis mimdinareobisas Tavadve gaauqma aRniSnuli brZaneba da sasamarTlodan gaiTxova. amiT subelianma im momentisTvis Tavi gadairCina sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobisgan, vinaidan sasamarTlos aRar SeeZlo brZanebaze, rogorc mtkicebulebaze, saubari. es mtkicebuleba Tavad saministrom gaauqma da gaiTxova~, _ acxadebs erTerTi mesakuTre, nana cxvariaSvili mogvianebiT ltolvilTa saministrom kaloubnis #6-Si Sesaxlebul devnilebs samarTlebrivad iq yofnis yvelanairi ufleba CamoarTva, Tumca isini farTs 15 Tvis ganmavlobaSi ar tovebdnen. mesakuTreebma araerTxel mimarTes samarTaldamcavebs, Tumca _ uSedegod. maTi TqmiT, devnilTa saministro Tavs ikavebda, policiisTvis
daedasturebina, rom devnilebis gamosaxleba kanonieria. imis momizezeba, rom samarTaldamcavebi devnilTa saministros oficialur Tanxmobas elodebian, araswori da arakanonieria. policiisTvis cnobili iyo, rom saministrom devnilebs ukanonod dakavebul SenobaSi cxovrebis ufleba CamoarTva, rac sakmarisi safuZvelia imisTvis, rom, kanonis Sesabamisad, policias isini iZulebiT gaeyvana. `mesakuTris ufleba konstituciiT aris aRiarebuli da xelSeuxebeli unda iyos. Sinagan saqmeTa ministris 747-e brZanebiT gansazRvrulia kerZo sakuTrebaSi SeWrili pirebis gamosaxlebis zusti vada, rac 25 dRes Seadgens~, _ acxadebs iuristi irakli cnobilaZe. policiis umoqmedoba mesakuTreebma sasamarTloSi gaasaCivres. mas Semdeg, rac mesakuTreebi kuTvnili Senobis gaTavisuflebas iTxoven, 1 welze meti gavida. prokredit bankTan gaformebuli xelSekrulebiT irkveva, rom isini, ukve 15 Tvea, yovelTviurad 2517 dolars ixdian bankSi. àmxela sesxi SeZenili Senobis gaqiravebis imedad aviReT. banks dayadaRebuli aqvs Cveni saxlebi da Tu devnilebi droulad ar gavidnen, aRar viciT, ra gzas davadgeT~, _ acxadebs erT-erTi mesakuTre, Jana ustaraSvili dazaralebul mesakuTreebs Senobis dabruneba sasamarTlos meSveobiT SeuZliaT, Tumca sarCelis Setanis SemTxvevaSi soliduri saxelmwifo baJis gadaxda mouwevT, rac sadavo Senobis Rirebulebis, 170 aTasi dolaris 3%-s Seadgens. baJi daaxloebiT 5 aTasi amerikuli dolari gamodis. devnilTa saministros winaaRmdeg pretenziebi kaloubnis #6-Si ukanonod mcxovreb devnilebsac aqvT. maTi TqmiT, isini aRniSnul SenobaSi obieqtis privatizaciamde cxovrobdnen. `Cven es obieqti Tavad vipoveT da SemovediT, saministros araerTxel vTxoveT, davemisamarTebineT. rogorc iqna, saministrom oficialurad Segvasaxla, Tumca mogvianebiT isev CamogvarTva aq cxovrebis ufleba. mas Semdeg gvpirdebian, sxva farTSi gadayvanas, magram dapireba dapirebad rCeba. 11 ojaxs bavSvebTan erTad gausaZlis pirobebSi gviwevs cxovreba~, _ acxadebs devnili maka gorgoZe. kaloubnis 6-is istoriis Seswavlisas Cven koba subelianis mier Cadenili kidev erTi kanondarRveva aRmovaCineT.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, subelianma 26-e brZanebis me-8 punqtSi sajaro reestris werili TariRis gareSe moixsenia. sabolood gairkva, rom subelians 27 Tebervlis werilSi imave wlis 13 martis werili hqonda moxseniebuli. Cven subelianis imave brZanebis me-5 punqtSi vipoveT sajaro reestris Tbilisis saregistracio samsaxuris werili #021/01-13068, romelic brZanebaSi isev zusti TariRis gareSe iyo moxseniebuli. Cven sajaro reestrs aRniSnuli werilis asli movTxoveT da aRmovaCineT, rom subelianma isev iwinaswarmetyvela da 27 Tebervlis brZanebaSi im dros ararsebuli _ 29 Tebervlis werilis zusti nomeri miuTiTa. aRniSnuli siyalbiT subelianma isev mesakuTris Tanxmobis gareSe Seasaxla devnilebi ioane petriwis 14-a-Si mdebare Senobis pirvel sarTulze, riTac daarRvia im obieqtis mesakuTris ufleba. rogorc Cven gavarkvieT, farTi, sadac subelianma ukanono brZanebiT Seasaxla devnilebi, saxelmwifo Sps-s `saxlmmarTveloba #-3-s~ ekuTvnis. mis direqtors ltolvilTa saministros gadawyvetileba ar gausaCivrebia. ukanono brZanebaze da mesakuTreebis Selaxul uflebebze saubari ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis saministroSi ar isurves, maT komentarze uari gviTxres. `me vesaubre departamentis ufross, ministris moadgiles, besarion weredians da baton ministrsac. sabolood ministrma gadawyvita, rom am sakiTxze komentars ver gavakeTebT. es ministris gadawyvetilebaa~, _ gangvicxada ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis saministros pressamsaxuris ufrosma, nato peraniZem. statiaze muSaobis dasrulebis Semdeg cnobili gaxda, rom devnilTa saministrom kaloubnis #-6-Si mcxovrebi devnilebis nawili imave quCis 18 nomerSi gadaiyvana. devnilTa mcire nawili isev ganagrZobs Zvel misamarTze cxovrebas. ministr koba subelianis ukanono brZanebis safuZvelze, mesakuTreebs sakuTrebis ufleba SeelaxaT da materialuri ziani miadgaT. rogorc mesakuTreebi acxadeben, isini kompensaciis moTxovniT aucileblad mimarTaven sasamarTlos. kompensaciis gadaxda ki qveynis biujetidan, gadamxdelebis xarjze unda moxdes.
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mezoblebi
natalia estemirova
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CeCneTi
politkovskaias premiis pirveli laureati

natalia estemirovas mkvlelobis Semdeg adamianis uflebaTa damcvelebisTvis CeCneTis teritoria yrud Caiketa.
specialurad `liberalisTvis~ sainformacio saagento `kavkazski uzel~.
foto REUTERS / dilan martinesi
www.kavkaz-uzel.ru
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2000-2009 wlebSi ruseTSi 19 Jurnalisti da adamianis uflebaTa damcvelia mokluli. yvelaze gaxmaurebuli mkvlelobebi: noemberi 2004: pol xlebnikovi, rusuli warmoSobis amerikeli Jurnalisti, Jurnal Forbce-is rusuli redaqciis mTavari redaqtori. moklulia moskovis centrSi, Forbce-is redaqciidan gamosvlis dros. seqtemberi 2006: ana politkovskaia, `novaia gazetas~ Jurnalisti da adamianis uflebaTa damcveli. gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmobda CeCneTis Temas. Cacxriles sakuTari saxlis liftTan, moskovis centrSi. agvisto 2008: internet-gazeTis ìnguSetia.ru~-s damfuZnebeli magomed evloevi. moklulia nazranSi (inguSeTi) mas Semdeg, rac miliciis TanamSromlebma daakaves. ianvari 2009: advokati stanislav markelovi da `novaia gazetas~ Jurnalisti anastasia baburova moskovis centrSi, quCaSi mokles. markelovis saqmianoba ukavSirdeboda cnobil CeCnur saqmeebs _ teraqts dubrovkaze da budanovis saqmes. ivlisi 2009: adamianis uflebaTa damcveli, `novaia gazetas~ mimomxilveli natalia estemirova. vin iyo natalia estemirova: natalia estemirovam cxovrebis didi nawili CeCneTSi gaatara. igi daibada 1959 wels, saratovis olqSi CeCnur-rusul ojaxSi. daamTavra groznos universitetis istoriis fakulteti da 1998 wlamde groznos erT-erT skolaSi istoriis maswavleblad muSaobda. 2000 wlidan igi adamianis uflebaTa dacvis centris `memorialis~ TanamSromelia da aseve `novaia gazetas~ mimomxilveli CeCneTidan. 2004 wels estemirovam SvedeTis parlamentis mier dawesebuli, e.w. nobelis premiis alternatiuli jildo - premia Right Livelihood Award miiRo. is pirvelia, vinc saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mier dawesebuli àna politkovskaias premiis~ laureati gaxda. politkovskaia misi megobari iyo. natalia estemirovas 15 wlis qaliSvili darCa.
adamianis uflebaTa damcveli natalia estemirova Tavis kvlevebSi xSirad aRwerda CeCneTSi gatacebuli da mokluli adamianebis istoriebs. misi mkvleloba zustad am scenaris ganmeoreba iyo. 15 ivliss, diliT 8.30-ze groznos centrSi sakuTari saxlidan gamosuli estemirova ucnobebma TeTri feris `ladaSi~ Caagdes. nataliam daiyvira, rom itacebdnen. misi xma ramdenime mezobelma gaigona, magram gamosarCleba veravin gabeda. saRamos misi cxedari mezobel respublikaSi _ inguSeTSi, nazranis raionis sofel gazi-iurtTan ipoves. mas xel-fexi Sekruli hqonda da sxeulze Zaladobisa da ori tyviis nakvalevi etyoboda. natalia estemirovas mkvleloba kidev erTi rgolia cnobili rusi sazogado moRvaweebis tragikul mkvlelobaTa jaWvSi. am saqmeebs ruseTSi politikuri mkvlelobebis kvalifikacias aZleven, romelTa didi nawili dRemde gamouZiebelia. anna politkovskaias, stanislav markelovis, anastasia baburovas dausjeli mkvlelobebis Semdeg ruseTSi isev ismis axali, Zalian mkacri sayvedurebi xelisuflebis mimarT. estemirovas mkvlelobis meore dRes, adamianis uflebaTa damcvelma centrma `memorialma~, romlis TanamSromelic iyo natalia, braldeba piradad CeCneTis prezidents wauyena. àr viciT, konkretulad vin gasca brZaneba _ Tavad ramzan kadirovma Tu misma uaxloesma garemocvam, raTa misTvis eamebinaT... rac Seexeba prezident medvedevs, mas etyoba xels aZlevs, rom ruseTis federaciis erT-erT subieqts mkvleli marTavs~, _ aRniSnulia `memorialis~ gancxadebaSi. ramdenime Tvea, CeCneTs aRar aqvs `kontrteroristuli operaciis~ zonis statusi. es statusi moixsna kadirovis moTxovniT, romelmac ganacxada, rom CeCneTSi boevikebi aRar arian da axali cxovreba daiwyo. am gancxadebis Semdeg adamianTa gatacebebis, mkvlelobebis, gauCinarebisa da saxlebis gadawvis faqtebi Crdilokavkasiis am respublikaSi sagrZnoblad gaxSirda. miuxedavad imisa, rom `kontrteroristuli operaciis~ zonis statusis moxsnasTan erTad respublikaSi blokpostebis ricxvi Semcirda, kadirovis-
gan farulad CeCneTSi adamianis gataceba da mezobel inguSeTSi gadayvana TiTqmis SeuZlebelia, radgan misi xalxi yvelafers akontrolebs. radio `Tavisuflebis~ Jurnalisti andrei babicki ambobs, rom `maTi ricxvi, visac SeuZlia es gaakeTos, Zalian cotaa, radgan CeCneTi erTi adamianis _ ramzan kadirovis absoluturi diqtatis qveSaa~. `memorialis~ Tavmjdomare oleg orlovi ambobs, rom `kadirovi nataSaSi pirad mters xedavda~. mkveTrad negatiuri damokidebuleba estemirovas mimarT kadirovma sajarodac araerTxel gamoxata. 2008 wlis 31 marts ramzan kadirovi uxeSi da Tavxeduri formiT cdilobda, estemirova qalaq groznos sazogadoebrivi sabWos xelmZRvanelis Tanamdebobidan gaeTavisuflebina. man galanZRa estemirova, radgan igi SeewinaaRmdega kadirovis brZanebas, CeCneTSi qalebisTvis Tavsaburavis tareba savaldebulo gamxdariyo. am incidentis Semdeg kolegebi seriozulad Relavdnen estemirovas usafrTxoebaze da aiZules igi, CeCneTi ramdenime TviT daetovebina. mas Semdeg 16 Tve gavida. kadirovma CeCneTis islamizaciis TvalsazrisiT ise Rrmad Setopa, rom respublikaSi dRes studenti gogonebi frCxilebze wasmuli feradi laqis gamo idevnebian. maT uSveri sityvebiT lanZRaven da leqciebidan agdeben. Tavsafari CeCeni qalisTvis aucilebel atributad iqca. maTi samosic mkacrad gansazRvrulia. natalia estemirovas mier gamoZiebuli saqmeebis kvali mudmivad samTavrobo struqturebisken midioda. misi erT-erTi ukanaskneli saqme 7 ivliss sofel axkinCu-borzoiSi momxdari faqti iyo. àdamiani gaitaces, miiyvanes sofelSi da xalxis Tvalwin sajarod mokles. Tan Tqves, rom yvelas, vinc boevikebs daexmareba, sajarod sikvdiliT dasja elis~, _ hyveba `memorialis~ mmarTveli sabWos wevri, aleqsandr Cerkasovi. misi TqmiT, axkinCu-borzoiSi momxdaris gamoZiebas `CeCneTis xelmZRvanelobis mxridan Zalze nervuli reaqcia mohyva~. saqmeebi, romlebsac estemirova iZiebda, ZiriTadad exeboda boevikebis ojaxebs, romlebic warmoudgenel zewolas ganicdian. cota xnis win mas
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hqonda interviu, sadac igi boevikebis ojaxis wevrebs esaubreba, romelTac Zalovnebma saxl-kari gadauwves. swored am intervius daefuZna Human Rights Watch-is ivlisis angariSi CeCneTTan dakavSirebiT. mkvlelobamde erTi dRiT adre estemirova cdilobda egviptidan deportirebul mashud abdulaevTan Sexvedras, romelic CeCeni savele meTauris, sufian abdulaevis Svilia. ramdenime kviris win mashudi moskovis `domodedovos~ aeroportidan gaitaces, Tumca male igi CeCnuri televiziis eTeriT gamoCnda da Tqva, rom mas
iyos mis profesiul saqmianobasTan~, _ medvedevis eWvebi misma presmdivanma natalia timakovam gamoxata. es gancxadeba ruseTSi bevrs gaukvirda, radgan pirvelad mravali wlis manZilze xelisuflebam mkafiod da mkacrad gamoxata Tavisi pozicia. gaCnda imedi, rom estemirovas mkvlelebi daisjebodnen. Tumca, es imedebi maleve gaqarwylda. Tavisi pirveli liberaluri reaqciis Semdeg medvedevma kadirovis udanaSaulobis Sesaxebac ilaparaka. kadirovis estemirovas mkvlelobasTan kavSiris versias man `primitiuli~ uwoda.
da evropeli politikosebis kritika moesmina. estemirovas mkvlelobaze yvela gavleniani saerTaSoriso media wers. `memorials~ CeCneTSi usafrTxoebis garantiebi ar aqvs, amitom adamianis uflebaTa damcvelma centrma respublikaSi droebiT SeaCera muSaoba. pirad saubrebSi CeCneTis rigiTi moqalaqeebi wuxils ver malaven amis gamo. mosaxleoba SiSobs, rom Tu adamianis uflebaTa damcvelebi wavlen, represiebi gaZlierdeba. `ra gveSveleba Cven, aTobiT da asobiT adamians, romelTac gvexmareboda
natalia estemirovis dakrZalva, CeCneTi, 16 ivlisi 2009
`CeCneTSi adamianis gataceba yvelas rodi SeuZlia. Crdilokavkasiis es respublika erTi adamianis ramzan kadirovis absoluturi diqtatis qveSaa~.
nataSa estemirova? ra vqnaT Cven, vinc gasaWirs `memorials~ vuziarebdiT, rogorc organizacias, romelic Cveni uflebebisTvis ibrZoda?~ _ ambobs CeCneTSi mcxovrebi axalgazrda qalbatoni zura. mas eTanxmeba malikac. `memorialma~ romc ganaaxlos muSaoba, is ukve veRar iqneba iseTi aqtiuri, radgan nataSasnairi adamianebi ukve aRar darCnen~.
aravin aviwrovebs. eWvoben, rom igi gaitaces, raTa mamamisze zewola moexdinaT. ruseTis centraluri xelisufleba myisierad gamoexmaura estemirovas mkvlelobas. prezidentma dimitri medvedevma mwuxareba gamoxata momxdaris gamo da ojaxis wevrebs miusamZimra. man Zalovnebs mkvlelobis gamoZieba daavala. `natalia estemirovas mkvleloba SeiZleba dakavSirebuli
Tavad CeCneTis prezidentma ki piradad daureka `memorialis~ xelmZRvanels oleg orlovs da araeTikurobaSi daadanaSaula. garda amisa, kadirovma orlovis winaaRmdeg sasamarTloSi sarCeli Seitana. ruseTis xelisufleba iSviaTad aqcevs yuradRebas Jurnalistebisa da adamianis uflebaTa damcvelebis sayvedurebs, magram amjerad medvedevi iZulebuli gaxda, amerikeli
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milli) da organizacia OL-is xelmZRvaneli adnan gajizade baqos centrSi erT-erTi restornis magidasTan isxdnen, roca maT ori sportuli aRnagobis axalgazrda kaci miuaxlovda. abdullaevisa da gajizades megobari orhan gafarli, romelic maTTan
erTad restoranSi imyofeboda, ambobs, rom ucnobebma adnani da emini salaparakod gaixmes. gafarlis TqmiT, saubris Tema mas ar esmoda, magram dainaxa, rom erT-erTma maTganma adnans cxvirSi Tavi daartya da Cxubi atyda. `roca policiis ganyofilebaSi mivediT, Tavdamsxmelebi ukve iq iyvnen, _ hyveba gafarli, _ iq isini sul sxvanairad iqceodnen, zrdilobianad da TavSekavebulad. policiam adnani da emini daitova, sxvebi ki gauSva~. meore dRes baqos sabailskis raionis sasamarTlom abdullaevs da ga23
azerbaijanSi Tavisufali televiziebisa da gazeTebis ararsebobis pirobebSi, obieqturi informaciis erTaderTi wyaro blogebi da blogerebi arian.
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jizades orTviani winaswari patimroba miusaja. maT brali `xulignobaSi~ edebaT. maTTvis wayenebuli muxli xuT wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTas gulisxmobs. emin milli internet televiziis ANTV-s erTerTi Semqmnelia. ganaTleba germaniaSi miiRo, xelmZRvanelobda fridrix ebertis fonds azerbaijanSi. adnan gajizade axalgazrduli moZraoba OL-is erT-erTi damaarsebelia da cnobili opozicioneri politikosis hikmet gajizades vaJi. axalgazrdebi Zalian aqtiurobdnen socialur qselSi facebook, sadac maT sami aTasze meti mudmivi mkiTxveli hyavdaT. werdnen kritikul statiebs. gadaiRes klipi, romlis mTavari personaJi viria. am klipiT, romelmac xelisuflebis warmomadgenelTa didi ukmayofileba gamoiwvia, isini arasamTavrobo organizaciebis Sesaxeb axal kanons akritikebdnen. interneti azerbaijanSi Zviri siamovnebaa. globaluri qseliT socialurad yvelaze aqtiuri fena sargeblobs. Tumca, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom Tavisufali televiziebi da gazeTebi qveyanaSi TiTqmis ar arsebobs, movlenebs obieqturad swored blogebi da blogerebi aSuqeben. dagegmili saparlamento arCevnebis fonze, es mniSvnelovan safrTxes uqmnis xelisuflebis sainformacio monopolias. saerTaSoriso organizacia `reportiorebi sazRvrebs gareSe~ am faqts meore dResve gamoexmaura da ganacxada, rom axalgazrda blogerebis mimarT wayenebuli sasjeli araadekvaturia da igi unda Seicvalos. 2008 wlis presis Tavisuflebis indeqsis mixedviT, romelic amave organizaciam gamoaqveyna, azerbaijani msoflios 173 qveynidan 150-e adgilzea. angariSSi aRniSnulia, rom samxreT kavkasiis am qveyanaSi Jurnalistebi fizikur Zaladobasa da zewolas ganicdian. organizaciam `reportiorebi sazRvrebs gareSe~ azerbaijanis prezidents ilham alievs `Tavisufali sityvis mSTanTqmeli~ uwoda. aSS-s saelCo azerbaijanSi am faqts specialuri gancxadebiT gamoexmaura. `Cven SeSfoTebulebi varT sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT da im faqtiT, rom Tavdamsxmelebi gaaTavisufles. dakavebulebs uari uTxres advokatTan urTierTobaze da aseve aucilebel samedicino daxmarebaze. Cven davayeneT es sakiTxi azerbaijanis mTavrobis maRalCinosnebTan da Zalovani uwyebebis warmomadgenlebTan~, _ aRniSnulia gancxadebaSi. azerbaijanis Sinagan saqmeTa saministrom gamoaqveyna gancxadeba, sadac abdullaevisa da gajizades mimarT gamotanil sasamarTlo ganaCens mxars uWers. `moqalaqeebma vusal mamedovma da babek guseinovma mxolod wesrigisken mouwodes gajizadesa da abdullaevs, maT ki fizikuri Zala gamoiyenes
da xulignoba Caidines~, _ aRniSnulia saministros gancxadebaSi. am gancxadebam ufro metad SeaSfoTa opoziciuri partia `musavaTis~ wevri hikmet gajizade, romelic SiSobs, rom mis Svils _ adnans patimrobis vadas gauxangrZliveben. àzerbaijanSi xSirad xdeba ise, rom roca dapatimrebas sayovelTao protesti mohyveba, patimrobis vadas kidev ufro axangrZliveben~, _ ambobs igi. miuxedavad imisa, rom am faqtma kidev ufro Searyia azerbaijanisa da misi xelisuflebis imiji qveynis farglebs gareT, xelisufleba daTmobebze wasvlas, rogorc Cans, ar apirebs. abdullaevisa da gajizades dapatimreba pirveli SemTxveva ar aris, roca azerbaijanSi opoziciurad ganwyobil Jurnalistebs xulignobis sababiT devnian. igive muxli iyo gamoyenebuli gazeT àzadligis~ mTavari redaqtoris ganimat zahidis mimarT. igi 2007 wlis Semodgomaze daapatimres. sasamarTlom ramdenjerme gaaxangrZliva misi winaswar patimrobaSi yofna da saboloo ganaCeni _ 4 wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa _ mxolod 2008 wlis 7 marts gamoutana. `Tavidan vfiqrobdi, rom ubralo damTxvevebi iyo, magram axla vkiTxulob garkveul logikas xelisuflebis qmedebebSi. SesaZloa, xelisuflebas imis demonstrireba unda, rom azerbaijans ver aiZuleben demokratiuli cvlilebebis ganxorcielebas da rom am qveyanasTan TanamSromloba mxolod energetikisa da usafrTxoebis sferoebSi SeiZleba~. 12 ivliss Sinagan saqmeTa saministro da prokuratura erToblivi gancxadebiT gamovidnen da blogerebis dakavebis gamo saerTaSoriso organizaciebis reaqcia gaakritikes. `Cven am qmedebebs ganvixilavT, rogorc sazogadoebaSi mcdari azris Seqmnis mcdelobas _ rom demokratiis ganviTarebiT, adamianis uflebebis dacviTa da Tavisufali mediiT azerbaijanSi mxolod saerTaSoriso organizaciebi da dasavleTis qveynebi arian dainteresebulni da ara Tavad azerbaijanis saxelmwifo~. `movuwodebT sxvadasxva qveynis diplomatiur misiebs azerbaijanSi, Sewyviton gamoZiebaze zewola da qveynis saSinao saqmeebSi Careva~, _ aRniSnulia gancxadebaSi.
regionuli usafrTxoeba
mezobeli, rogorc safrTxe

>> SoTa xinCagaSvili nacionalizmis kvlevebis magistri, arasamTavrobo organizacia virtualuri centri~
saqarTvelos, somxeTisa da azerbaijanis mSvidobiani Tanaarsebobis mTavari Semaferxebeli faqtori sabWoTa drois konfliqtogenur eTnonacionalizms efuZneba liberalis wina nomerSi kavkasiis regionuli integraciis sakiTxs saintereso statia mieZRvna _ `qveyana kavkasia~. miuxedavad imisa, rom avtori margarita axvlediani uCveulod Tamami daskvnebisken midis, dasmuli sakiTxi sruliad naTelia da mis ganxilvaze yalbi realizmis sababiT uaris Tqma damkvidrebuli SemecnebiTi minimalizmis samwuxaro gagrZeleba iqneboda. am statiis mTavari debuleba aseTia: samxreT kavkasiis regionis samma respublikam unda daZlios viwro erovnuli egoizmi (romlis samarTlebrivi da saxelmwifoebrivi gamoxatulebaa suvereniteti), maT unda gaacnobieron, rom sakuTari usafrTxoebis sakiTxebis mogvarebas mxolod SeTanxmebuli strategiiTa da, saboliberali ivlisi-agvisto #6 2009
lood, saerTo sistemis CamoyalibebiT SeZleben. es Tezisi gulisxmobs, rom sagareo Zalebis urTierTdapirispirebuli interesebi regionSi ganviTarebuli destabilizaciis ara mxolod mTavari, aramed praqtikulad erTaderTi safuZvelia. es samecniero-popularuli kliSe suraTs srulad ver warmoaCens da mniSvnelovani garemoebebi mxedvelobis miRma rCeba. ra Tqma unda, gare-faqtoris gadamwyveti rolis calsaxad uaryofac sariskoa. amas ara mxolod politikurad arakoreqtul daSvebebamde mivyavarT, aramed isev kliSeebamde, romlis ukiduresi formaa miTologema damoukideblad cxovrebis uunarobis Sesaxeb. Tumca, msgavs msjelobebSi yovelTvisaa simarTlis marcvali. samxreTkavkasielebs Soris kinklaobis problemis safuZveli Tavad regionis da misi samive respublikis suverenitetis pirobiTobaSia. am qveynebis legitimurobis realizacia mxolod saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi kuTxiT moxda, WeSmariti, saxalxo legitimacia ki jer ar momxdara. dRes, rodesac samxreT kavkasiis regionze
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vsaubrobT, transkavkasiuri sivrce upirobo mocemulobad ar unda miviRoT. unda gavacnobieroT, rom es SemosazRvruloba warmosaxviTia da arsebiTad aranairi samxreT kavkasia ar arsebobs. verc im mosazrebas daveTanxmebi, rom dasavleTis geopolitikuri Zalebi Tu ruseTi erTian regionad aRiqvamen sami yofili sabWoTa respublikis sasicocxlo sivrces. ras warmoadgens TiToeuli maTgani da realurad ra aerTianebs samives? matrioSkas principiT (moskovi-mokavSire respublika-avtonomia) struqturirebul sabWoTa politikuradministraciul mowyobas arsebiTad verc erTi nacionaluri respublika ver gascda. marqsizm-leninizmis erovnul politikaze agebulma ierarqiam Zireuli krizisi ganicada, Tumca yvela samxreTkavkasiuri nacionaluri proeqti mainc sabWoTa kavSiris dros institucionalizebul, SezRudul nacionalizms daeyrdno da dResac yvelas Tavisi wilis bolomde realizacia surs. es ki apriori urTierTdapirispirebas gulisxmobs. samxreT kavkasiis TiTqmis yvela kuTxeSi, teritoriulad koncentrirebul eTnoumciresobas centrTan urTierTobisa da lokalur doneze legitimaciis problema aqvs. TiToeul respublikaSi, iseve, rogorc am respublikebs Soris urTierTobebSi aSkara struqturulideologiuri winaaRmdegobaa. am azris xazgasma gvexmareba usafrTxoebis problemis WeSmariti arsis gamovlenaSi, romlis gareSec, misi daZlevis nebismieri versia realobas mowyvetili iqneba. Tu saubaria usafrTxoebaze, bunebrivia, dasazustebelia ara obieqturad arsebuli, aramed aRqmuli safrTxeebis ZiriTadi xasiaTi. usafrTxoeba - aRqmul safrTxeebze pasuxi Tu ubralod mSvidoba? udavoa, rom kavkasielebisTvis sakvanZo problema usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa da sakuTari qveynebis gaZlierebaa; am TvalsazrisiT, regionuli stabiluroba da `mSvidobianoba~ ara Tu miznad, aramed xSirad miznis miRwevis saSualebadac ki ar ganixileba. bundovania, rogor da sad unda gamoikveTos saerTo interesebi, rodesac postkomunistur sazogadoebebSi mezobeli potenciur mtrad, xolo
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eTnokulturuli umciresoba mexuTe kolonad aRiqmeba. kavkasiuri politikuri sazogadoebebis konsolidacia im nacionalizmebis meSveobiT moxda, romlebic sarkiseburad ireklavdnen sapirispiro nacionalizmebs. dRes somexsa da azerbaijanels, qarTvelsa da oss ara saziaro, aramed gasayofi aqvs teritoria (sakraluri sivrce) da istoria (idealizebuli da miTologizirebuli, koleqtiuri warsuli); erTaderTi, razec orientirebulia TiToeuli sazogadoeba, aris istoriuli pasuxismgeblobisa da koleqtiuri braleulobis mezobel erze proecireba. am Sida winaaRmdegobebis fonze da gansxvavebuli sagareo-politikuri da kulturul-civilizaciuri orientaciebis pirobebSi, samxreTkavkasiuri usafrTxoebis sistema, saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi, geopolitikurad neitraluri sivrcis Camoyalibebis logikamde midis. amaSi ki arc erTi gare regionuli subieqti dainteresebuli ar aris. rac yvelaze mTavaria, es arafers hpirdeba lokalur politikur elitebs, romlebic dRemde zrunaven, sisxlismRvreli patriotizmi umaRles adamianur mowodebad warmoaCinon. am gzaze ki antimilitarizmis logikaze dafuZnebuli usafrTxoebis koncefcia sulac ar aris usafrTxoeba. amrigad, samxreTkavkasieli mezoblebi safrTxes erTmaneTSic xedaven. am fonze, sagareo-politikuri upiratesobebi cvladi mocemulobaa da swored TviTgadarCenis aqsiomas eqvemdebareba. magaliTad, afxazuri elitis rusofilia da qarTuli politikis evroatlantikuri miswrafeba, arc regionSi globaluri moTamaSeebis gavlenebis urTierTWidilis Sedegia da arc kulturul-istoriuli arCevanis; es, pirvel rigSi, fundamentur safrTxeebad aRqmul gamowvevebze agebuli zednaSenebia (politikuri proeqtebi), sadac dasavlel Tu rus partniorebTan RirebulebiTi Tanaziarobis ritorika saeWvoa. aqedan gamomdinare, politikur procesebSi interkulturuli komunikaciisa da koleqtiuri identobis saTanado gaazreba ar momxdara. reduqcionisturi analitikuri arsenaliT, stabilurobis miRwevis winapirobad miCneulia transkavkasiuri Sidaintegracia. es ki safuZvelSive ewinaaRmdegeba imas, razec dafuZnebulia regionis axali eri-saxelmwifoebis malegitimirebeli ideologia _ urTierTgammijnavi eTnonacionalizmi (magaliTad, ar arsebobs somxuri saxelmwifoebrivi mSeneblobis aranairi koncefcia iredentizmis gareSe, sruliad dausabuTebeli da bundovania saqarTvelos teritoriul-administraciuli mowyobis moratoriumdadebuli principi da sxva). vfiqrob, axvledianis statiaSi citirebuli alievis dakvirveba zustia da am problemis kargi ilustraciacaa. Tanamedrove qarTul-azerbaijanuli politikur-ekonomikuri TanamSromloba koniunqturis fuye qvemdebarea, romelsac ideologiuri safuZveli ar gaaCnia. ra aerTianebs alievisa
somxurazerbaijanuli eTnokonfliqti, somxur-qarTuli kulturulistoriuli metoqeoba da politikuri undobloba saSualebas iZleva, zedapiruli dakvirvebiTac cxadi gaxdes, rom samxreTkavkasiuri integraciis ideas am etapze resursi ar gaaCnia.
da saakaSvilis politikur jgufebs? a) ruseTis safrTxis faqtoris gacnobiereba; b) satranzito perspeqtivebi. erTi mxriv, es ori elementi erTmaneTzea gadajaWvuli da TanamSromlobisaTvis yvelaze stabilur safuZvels qmnis. meore mxriv, es konkretuli Sinaarsisa da masStabebis TanamSromloba kulturul-ideologiur doneze ori qveynis sazogadoebaTa daaxloebas ar niSnavs. amasve metyvelebs gasuli wlebis dinamika, rom aRaraferi vTqvaT imaze, rom msgavsi proeqtebi, TavianTi geostrategiuli daniSnulebidan gamomdinare, samxreTkavkasiuri integraciidan arakeTilsaimedo kavkasiel moTamaSeebs riyavs. kavkasiuri erTobis arsi kavkasiuri sivrcis gaerTianebis idea axali ar aris. amis pirveli mcdeloba XI-XII saukuneebSic iyo da sabolood warumateblad damTavrda. Tumca aq saintereso sxva ram aris: imdroindel istoriul wyaroebze dayrdnobiT, Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saqarTvelos politikuri eqspansiis procesi Sesabamisi ideologiuri koncefciiTac iyo uzrunvelyofili (qarTlis cxovreba) da is ara marto qristianul mesianizms ukavSirdeba, aramed somexTa da qarTvelTa naTesaobis dasabuTebis saintereso mcdelobasac. modernul, industriul epoqaSi Sidakavkasiuri konsolidaciis idea damoukidebel iniciativebs moklebuli an metismetad susti iyo da, Sesabamisad, xelSesaxebi ideologiuri produqti ver Seiqmna. Teoriuli konstruqtis erTaderTi arsi antirusuli SekavSireba iyo. gamsaxurdias kulturul rasizmze damyarebuli kavkasiuri saxlis fiaskos Semdeg SevardnaZis mSvidobiani kavkasiis koncefcia gaCnda, romelic realur safuZvels moklebuli iyo. 2003 wlis vardebis revoluciam fundamenturi disbalansi Seitana samxreTkavkasiur sivrceSi. geopolitikuri dapirispirebis gamwvavebam Tavdapirvelad imedi gaaCina, rom liberalur-demokratiuli revoluciis talRa samive respublikas moedeboda, Tumca 2005 wlis dasasrulisTvis naTeli gaxda, rom arc somxeTi ityoda uars putinis ruseTTan megobrobaze da arc aRmosavleTevropuli gamocdilebidan kalkirebuli moZraoba ioxi moaxdenda azerbaijanuli politikuri bazris revolucionizirebas.
am garemoebam sabolood utopiurad aqcia regionuli gaerTianebis perspeqtiva da gamyofi xazebi gacilebiT mkveTri gaxada. ra mniSvnelobis matarebelia TiToeuli samxreTkavkasiuri ganviTarebadi saxelmwifo erTmaneTisTvis? sanam amas pasuxs gavcem, saWiroa, Tavad kavkasiisa da kavkasielobis raoba ganisazRvros, imisaTvis, rom popularul miTebs sabolood gamovemSvidoboT. kavkasias (aramarto mis samxreT nawils) yvelaze zustad axasiaTebs amerikeli istorikosis ronald sunis cneba _ erTiani kulturuli sivrce. is erT saarsebo garemoSi mcxovreb xalxTa Tanacxovrebis gamocdilebiT Camoyalibebul saziaro maxasiaTeblebs aRniSnavs. Cemi azriT, es maxasiaTeblebi ZiriTadad yofiTi da aracnobieria da gansakuTrebiT vlindeba kavkasiuri sivrcis gareT, ucnob garemoSi, sadac yofiT urTierTobebSi jgufuri solidarobis gancda Zlierdeba da kavkasieloba jgufuri kuTvnilebis konturebsac iZens. meore mxriv, politikur ganzomilebaSi aranairi kavkasia ar arsebobs, kulturuli urTierTobebis resursis realizacia dRemde ar momxdara. vgulisxmob grZelvadian, pozitiur gamocdilebas. somxur-azerbaijanuli eTnokonfliqti, somxur-qarTuli kulturulistoriuli metoqeoba da politikuri undobloba saSualebas iZleva, zedapiruli dakvirvebiTac cxadi gaxdes, rom samxreTkavkasiuri integraciis ideas am etapze resursi ar gaaCnia. magaliTad, qarTvelebisTvis azerbaijani sxva araferia, Tu ara aRmosavlur-muslimuri Turquli sivrcis nagleji, sadac korufcia da nepotizmi yvavis. qarTveli am sivrcesTan sakuTari warsulisa da saerTo interesebis identificirebas ar axdens. am or sazogadoebas saziaro tkivilic ki ar aqvs; maSin, rodesac Tanamedrove ruseTis federacia sabWoTadroindeli sivrciTi gavlenis reabilitaciaze fiqrobs, samxreT kavkasiaSi ar arsebobs aranairi saerTo antisabWoTa narativi, TiToeuli respublika Tavis hermetul koleqtiur mexsierebaSia CaZiruli. maSin, rodesac 9 aprili qarTuli koleqtiuri mexsierebis umTavresi travmaa, aTi axalgazrda qarTvelidan albaT mxolod erT an or adamians Tu ecodineba, ras aRniSnavs Savi ianvari. ar arsebobs koleqtivizirebuli da popularuli
paralelebi antisabWoTa-antirusul sentimentebSi, samxreTkavkasieli mezoblebi erTmaneTisgan saocrad distancirebulebi arian; Tundac qarTuli (provesternuli) gadmosaxedidan, somxeTica da azerbaijanic iseT garemos gviqmnis, gulaxdil fantaziebSi adamians rom aTqmevinebs: mezoblebSi ar gagvimarTla. `ra (ar) vqnaT?~ rTulia imis Tqma, demokratiulpopulisturi revoluciebiT mTeli regionis gaferadeba uSvelida Tu ara regionul SekavSirebas. faqtia, rom dRes realoba sxvagvaria: amierkavkasiaSi sxvadasxva tipis, SeiZleba, ufro stilis, reJimi Tanaarsebobs. mSvidobiani Tanaarsebobis Semaferxebeli faqtori urTierTgamomricxavi politikur-ideologiuri orientaciebi ki ar aris, aramed is, rom TiToeulis saxelmwifoebrivi mSeneblobis koncefcia, popularul doneze mainc, sabWoTadroindel konfliqtogenur eTnonacionalizms efuZneba. erTmaneTisgan narcisuli distancirebis da sakuTari erTobis kulturul-rasobrivi aRmatebulebis faruli gancda regionuli TanamSromlobis ideologiur potencials cud pirobebs sTavazobs. amis naTeli magaliTia evropuli organizaciebis mcdeloba, daeweraT samxreT kavkasiis istoriis saerTo saxelmZRvanelo. Sesabamisad, saerTokavkasiuri (regionuli) identobis inJineriiT arc erTi sazogadoeba da saxelmwifo ar aris dainteresebuli da vfiqrob, amaze Cvenc uari unda vTqvaT. niSnavs Tu ara es, rom kavkasiur evrokavSirze ocnebas samudamod xazi gadavusvaT? vvaraudob, intereTnikur urTierTobebSi arsebuli kavkasiuri identoba didi SesaZleblobebis mqone nedli masalaa. rogorc eTnikur jgufebSi sabWoTa politikiT gaCenili daucvelobis da Cagrulobis gancdis instrumentalizacia moxda 1990-iani wlebis politikur procesebSi, kavkasielobac odesme aqtiurad da ufro efeqturad dabrundeba politikur diskursSi. mniSvnelovani winapiroba da garantia imisa, rom es idea axal kavkasiur konfederaciad ar iqces, pirvel rigSi, Sidasazogadoebrivi sivrceebis ekonomikur da politikur liberalizaciasa da eTnonacionalizmis damarcxebaSia, aq ki, SesaZloa, sizifes Sroma gvelodes.
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irani arCevnebis Semdeg
Cven davwereT `musavi~, maT waikiTxes àhmadineJadi~!

>> ali darviSiani, Teirani
iranis sasuliero lideri aiaTola ali xamenei locvis dros, Teirani 2009
arCevnebis Semdeg msoflios yuradReba TiTqos Senelda iranis mimarT, magram Tavad qveynaSi situacia kidev ufro gamZafrda. dRes mimdinare procesebi adre Tu gvian aucileblad gaxdeba amJamindeli reJimis, Tu sruli cvlilebis ara, radikaluri modernizaciis safuZveli dRes iranis sazogadoeba or nawiladaa gaxleCili. erTi SedarebiT mcire nawili _ saprezidento arCevnebSi gamarjvebulad gamocxadebuli mahmud ahmadineJadis momxreebi yvelanairad cdiloben maTi favoritis kanonier da moralur legitimacias. am xalxis gverdiT dgas qveynis saxelisuflebo da mmarTvelobis sxva institutebi da, rac mTavaria, mahmud ahmadineJads mxars uwindeburad aqtiurad uWers islamuri respublikis sasuliero lideri da umaRlesi mTavarsardali, aiaTola ali xamenei. xameneis poziciam lideris avtoriteti, romelic manamde, iranis koniun28
qturis Sesabamisad, eWvSeuvlad iTvleboda, udidesi dartymis qveS daayena. Tu aqamde sasuliero lideris Ria kritikas, ase Tu ise, yvela Tavs aridebda, axla lamis mTavar damnaSaved swored ali xamenei gamocxadda. sinamdvileSi, ali xamenei situaciis mZevalia da SeiZleba kargadac xvdeba, rom Seqmnili viTarebiT yvelaze metad TviTon zaraldeba, magram ver bedavs, wavides verc sakuTari klanuri interesebisa da verc ukve deklarirebuli politikuri kursis winaaRmdeg. liders aSkarad aSineben imiT, rom dRevandeli nebismieri kompromisi momavalSi iZulebiTi daTmobebis arasasurvel jaWvur reaqcias gamoiwvevs da amitomac, urCevnia, bolomde pirveli Cvenebis erTguli darCes. garda amisa, qveynis realurad mmarTvelma saxelisuflebo klanebma, dakarguli avtoritetis aRsadgenad, warmatebuli Savi piaris meSveobiT ramdenime safrTxobela Seqmnes. erTi aseTi yvelaze damafiqrebeli safrTxobela ucxoeTis agenturuli qselis muSaobaa iranis erovnuli interesebis winaaRmdeg. 2009 wlis saprezidento arCevnebis yvelaze
foto REUTERS / morteza nikubazi
warmatebulma kandidatma mir hosein musavim, romelmac erTxans poziciebis daTmoba amjobina, am sakiTxze komentari gaakeTa da ganacxada: `netav vis sjera imisa, rom amdeni momitinge ucxoeTis specsamsaxurebTan aris Sekruli da TavianTi eris sasicocxlo interesebs yidis?! gana Cveni qveyana ise damcirda da dakninda, rom didi saxalxo saprotesto moZraoba gindaT ucxoelTa imperialistur zraxvebs miaweroT! gana es Cveni eris Seuracxyofa ar aris? gana amiT 40-milionian amomrCevels Seuracxyofas ar ayenebT?~ mir hosein musavim, romelic arCevnebis Semdgom ganviTarebuli movlenebidan ramdenime dReSi praqtikulad gaqra aqtiuri avanscenidan, specialur gancxadebaSi axsna Tavisi gauCinarebis ZiriTadi mizezic. miuxedavad imisa, rom igi saparaskeo locvasac daeswro da 15 ivliss iranuli aviakompaniis TviTmfrinavis katastrofis Sedegad daRupulTa ojaxebs samZimris werili gaugzavna, mainc aRar Canda sazogadoebriv arenaze da xalxis erT nawils eWvi gauCnda, rom kacma, visac bolomde unda etvirTa saprotesto moZraobis winamZRoloba, isini Sua gzaze, bedis anabara miatova. xalxis ukmayofileba imdenad didi iyo, rom es iranuli internetforumebis gverdebze Sesabamisad aisaxa. musavim Riad ganacxada, rom xelisuflebam igi yvelanairad aiZula, saprotesto movlenebs CamoSoreboda da mTeli es xani praqtikulad SinapatimrobaSi gaetarebina. mis mimarT ganxorcielebuli specialuri RonisZiebebis nawili iyo arCevnebamde ramdenime TviT adre daregistrirebuli da misi TaosnobiT gamomavali sazogadoebriv-politikuri gazeTis, `mwvane sityvis~, daxurva. musavi Tavis mimarTvaSi am sakiTxsac sagangebod Seexo da aRniSna, rom sasamarTlo xelisuflebis meTauris, Sahrudis gancxadebiT, gazeTi `mwvane sityva~ aravis daupatimrebia da daubrkoleblad SeuZlia gamovides. sinamdvileSi ki, gazeTis redaqcia daluqulia da TanamSromelTa didi nawili dapatimrebuli. arCevnebis Sedegebis gamocxadebidan erTi dRis Semdeg stambaSi, sadac gazeTi `mwvane sityva~ ibeWdeboda, iranuli prokuraturis TanamSromlebi SeiWrnen da tiraJis udidesi nawilis
vkiTxulobT: ratom ar SeiZleba erma Tavisi ambebi Tavisive sainformacio saSualebebidan Seityos?~ mir hosein musavis am vrcelma komentarebma cotaTi Searbila misi umoqmedobiT gamowveuli mwvave saxalxo ukmayofileba, radgan iranuli sazogadoeba arCevnebis am yvelaze warmatebul kandidats bolo xans lamis RalatSi adanaSaulebda. sanam namdvili mizezi sajarod iTqmeboda, xalxma musavis dumili da gaqroba lavirebisa da viTarebis moTelvis mcdelobad CamoarTva. aseTi mcdeloba ufro warmatebulad iranuli politikuri procesebis `rux kardinals~, ali aqbar haSemi rafsanjanis gamouvida. qveynis uwindeli prezidenti haSemi rafsanjani, romelic wlevandeli arCevnebisas prezidentobis erT-erTi kandidatis, mehdi qarubis Ria mxardamWerad iTvleboda, sabolood, iranuli demokratiuli moZraobis, marTalia frTxil, magram mainc yvelaze angariSgasawev damcvelad mogvevlina. rafsanjanis iranSi winaaRmpolitikos haSemi rafsanjanis degobrivad afaseben. `gamWriaxma qosam~, rogorc mas xalxSi axasiaTebs erTi SesaSuri uwodeben, moaxerxa ise warmaTviseba: swrafad auRos tebulad eTamaSa, rom arc xelisuflebis sadaveebi da arc alRo xalxis ganwyobilebas sazogadoebis ndoba ar daekarda ilaparakos swored am ga. amas rafsanjanim frTxili ganwyobaTa Sesabamisad, zusti, da gonivruli politikis wyalobiT miaRwia. mas aqvs unari, saqmiani da awonili toniT. kargad gaaanalizos mimdinare mTvis yovlad warmoudgeneli iyo procesebi da Tavisi samoqmedo gegqveynis radio-televiziis is saxe, ro- mebi sazogadoebis umravlesobis simpamelic arCevnebis Semdgom davinaxeT. Tiebs Seuxamos. am taqtikis klasikuri maT, andazisa ar iyos, `qvebi daabes da magaliTi gaxldaT rafsanjanis poziZaRlebi auSves!~ permanentulad iwve- cia ukanasknel movlenebTan dakavSivdnen adamianebs, romelTac tyuilis, rebiT. is daeloda, saiT gadaixreboda sicruis, ciliswamebis, nayalbevi is- sazogadoebrivi azri da mxolod amis toriebis SeqmniT, miznad sazogadoe- Semdgom gamoTqva Tavisi Sexedulebebrivi azris formireba hqondaT dasa- bi. sakuTar SexedulebaTa dasafiqsixuli. es im dros, roca 13-milionian reblad ki qveynis yvelaze marjve da politikur-sazogadoebrivi sazogadoebas (rogorc Tqven ambobT), maRali Cveni azriT ki, qveynis umravlesobas tribuna _ Teiranis saparaskeo locvis sakuTari poziciis dacvis elementa- kaTedra gamoiyena. saparaskeo locva muslimuri qveyneruli saSualeba waarTves. roca masobriv sainformacio saSu- bis erT-erTi yvelaze RirsSesaniSnavi alebebs dialogisa da azrTa gacvla- movlenaa. yuraniT dadgenili da Sariagamocvlis SesaZleblobas arTmeven, TiT dawesebuli am movaleobis _ erSekavebuli energia aucileblad Tobliv locvaSi monawileobis miRebis sadme sxvagan amoxeTqavs da xalxi _ Sesruleba mahmadianuri Temis yvela ucxour medias miaSurebs. Cven su- wevrs evaleba. mlocvelebi Tavisi rilac ar gvinda Cveni xalxi ucxour gebidan TviTonve irCeven erToblivi medias daukavSirdes da amitomac locvis xelmZRvanels, romelsac, garganadgureba moiTxoves. ramdenime dReSi ki gazeTis mTavari redaqtori da teqnikuri muSakebi daapatimres. daluqes da daayadaRes sagamomcemlo ofisi. mir hosein musavim aRniSna: ìs, rom Cveni Zvirfasi TanamSromlebi jer kidev dapatimrebulni arian ise, rom advokatis momsaxurebaze xeli ar miuwvdebaT, da arc ojaxis wevrebTan Sexvedris ufleba gaaCniaT, aris udidesi ukanonoba. ukanonobaa is, rom konstituciis sawinaaRmdegod, saprotesto aqciebis Catarebis nebas ar gvaZleven. qveynisaTvis ZirgamomTxrel saqmianobas, Cven ki ara, is adamianebi ewevian, romlebic ZiriTadi kanonis uamrav muxls, sakuTari neba-survilis Sesabamisad, ignorirebas ukeTeben~. aqve mir hosein musavim qveynis samTavrobo radio-televiziebis muSaoba gaakritika da aRniSna, rom es televiziebi xalxis interesebis Sesabamisad ar moqmedeben. mir hosein musavim ganacxada: `Ce29
da salocavi ritualis Catarebisa, ceremoniis meore mniSvnelovani nawilis _ sazogadoebriv-politikuri qadagebis, e. w. `xutbis~ warmoTqmac akisria. xutbaSi saparaskeo locvis winamZRoli qveynis yvela mniSvnelovan movlenas afasebs da mis pozicias xSirad gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba. qadagebisas haSemi rafsanjanim yvela is problema wamoswia, rac xalxs awuxebs. man ilaparaka politpatimrebis gaTavisuflebis aucileblobaze, mediasaSualebaTa saxelmwifo kontrolidan gasvlis meqanizmze, mTavrobis mier xalxis ndobis dabrunebis saWiroebaze. politikos haSemi rafsanjanis axasiaTebs erTi SesaSuri Tviseba: swrafad auRos alRo xalxis ganwyobilebas da ilaparakos swored am ganwyobaTa Sesabamisad, zusti, saqmiani da awonili toniT. Tanac misi prezidentobis gamocdilebam aCvena, rom haSemi sityvas haerze arasodes isvris da Tu rames gadawyvets, Seasrulebs kidec. oRond, ra Tqma unda, igi ìranuli demokratiis mamad~ mainc ar unda warmovidginoT. rafsanjani garkveuli Sualeduri rgolia umaRles sasuliero xelisuflebasa da xalxs Soris da igi am urTierTobas SesaniSnavad abalansebs. rogorc Cans, iranis mmarTvel elitur wreebSic xvdebian am dabalansebis aucileblobas da amitomac SearCies igi yvelaze mniSvnelovani paraskevis erToblivi locvis xelmZRvanelad. yovel SemTxvevaSi, misi pozicia cxadyofs, rom Tavad mTavrobis umaRles eSelonebSi erTsulovneba namdvilad ar aris da mmarTvel gundSi Tavi iCina aSkara winaaRmdegobam. am winaaRmdegobaTa Tavisebur rezonatorad gamodgeba umaRlesi sasuliero lideris mier erTsa da imave Temebze gakeTebuli urTierTgamomricxavi gancxadebebi. lideris araTanmimdevrulobam kidev erTxel aagora Zveli Wori, romelic xalxSi, didi xania, trialebs, magram bolo dros ukve iranul sainformacio wyaroebSic gaJona. am cnobebis Tanaxmad, xameneis, masze ganxorcielebuli teroristuli aqtis Semdeg, ris gamoc janmrTeloba seriozulad Seerya, tkivilgamayuCebel saSualebad morfins ukeTeben. lideris neba-surviliT, nemsi mxolod da mxolod mis pirad eqims doqtor manafis unda gaekeTebina da asec xde30
boda. Tumca bolo dros, asakTan erTad xameneis garSemomyofTa mimarT undobloba da eWvianoba moeZala da es eWvianoba Tavis pirad eqimzec gavrcelda. amitomac, misi brZanebiT, sanam manafi morfins gaukeTebs, manamde iZulebulia, nemsi TviTon gaikeTos, rom axirebuli patroni wamlis vargisianobaSi daarwmunos. iranuli wyaro swored am garemoebiT xsnis sasuliero lideris saubarsa da qcevaSi gaCenil Seusabamobebs da askvnis, rom `xameneis, ZiriTadad, ori bunebrivi mdgomareoba aqvs: is an narkotikis zemoqmedebis qveS, anda `lomkaSia~, amitomac SeuZlebelia mis sityvebsa da qmedebaSi logikis danaxva. samwuxarod, xamenei erTi Cveulebrivi narkomania da misi yoveldRiuri yofa narkomanTa yofisagan didad arafriT gansxvavdeba~. igive wyaro lideris alogikurobis meore mizezzec miuTiTebs: `bolo dros viTareba imdenad damZimda, rom xameneis ufrosma vaJma mustafa xameneim, romelic saxlisa da saxelmwifos faqtobrivi baton-patronia da yvelaferi misi neba-surviliT xorcieldeba, sakmarisia mamas nemsis gakeTeba aukrZalos (rac, rogorc amboben, araerTxel momxdara), rom xamenei imazec ki xels moawers, rasac mTeli arsebiT ewinaaRmdegeba, oRond ki narkotikis aucilebeli doza miiRos~. ver daviwyebT imis mtkicebas, ramdenad Seesabameba internetSi gavrcelebuli am Canaweris avtoris mier moyvanili faqtebi sinamdviles. Tu es simarTlea, janmrTel adamians, SesaZloa, iranis Zlevamosili sasuliero lideris tragikuli siberis mimarT Secodebis grZnobac ki gauCndes. Tumca mTavari aq sxva ram, ufro sworad, sxva vinmea: mustafa xamenei _ lideris vaJi, romlis saxelic pirvelad qveynis wina saparlamento arCevnebis dros momxdar maqinaciebTan dakavSire-
swored mustafa xamenei iTvleba wlevandeli farTomasStabiani represiebisa da demonstraciebis aqtivistTa masobrivi dapatimrebebis erT-erT mgznebare iniciatorad.
saprotesto aqcia, Teirani, 17 ivlisi 2009
biT amotivtivda, roca igi wlevandeli saprezidento arCevnebis erT-erTma kanididatma da maSindeli saparlamento arCevnebis monawilem, mehdi qarubim sasurveli politikuri fraqciebis arawesier da arakanonier lobirebaSi daadanaSaula. swored mustafa xamenei iTvleba wlevandeli farTomasStabiani represiebisa da demonstraciebis aqtivistTa masobrivi dapatimrebebis erT-erT mgznebare iniciatorad. saprezidento arCevnebis Semdeg gansxvavebuli politikuri da sazogadoebrivi Sexedulebebis adamianebis dapatimreba imdenad masStaburi gaxda, rom iranSi Seqmnilma viTarebam loialuri `saerTaSoriso amnistiis organizaciac~ ki SeaSfoTa. am organizaciis mier gavrcelebul komunikeSi naTqvamia, rom iranis islamuri respublikis mmarTveli reJimis mier, daaxloebiT erT Tveze metia, saprezidento arCevnebis SedegebiT ukmayofilo mosaxleobis mniSvnelovani nawilis mimarT umkacresi represiebi xorcieldeba; xdeba devna, xocva-Jleta, masobrivi dapatimrebebi da Seuracxyofa. amasTan dakavSirebiT `saerTaSoriso amnistiis organizacia~ 25 ivliss acxadebs msoflios iraneli xalxisadmi solidarobis dRed. am dRes msoflios 50-mde qveyanaSi iranis saelCoebisa da diplomatiuri warmomadgenlobebis win gaimarTeba saprotesto aqciebi. patimarTa gaTavisuflebis moTxovniT protestis am formas manamde TviTon iranelma emigrantebma da sazogadoebis TvalsaCino warmomadgenlebmac mimarTes. erTi kviris win amerikaSi mcxovreb iranelTa saTvistomos 10-ma warmomadgenelma niu-iorkSi gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis ofisis win saprotesto SimSiloba wamoiwyo iranis islamur respublikaSi gamefebuli ganukiTxaobisa da tiraniis winaaRmdeg. interneti SimSilobis organizebisa da am movlenisaTvis Sesabamisi rezonansis micemis marjve saSualeba gamodga. periodulad vrceldeba informacia imis Sesaxeb, Tu romeli cnobili adamiani uerTdeba saprotesto aqcias. es informaciebi ki xalxze momnusxvelad moqmedebs. am ramdenime dRis win, magaliTad, gavrcelda informacia, rom cnobilma
iranelma momReralma qalma, guguSma gadawyvita, gaero-s Senobis win mimdinare aqcias da iranel xalxs SeuerTdes. guguSi albaT yvela Taobis iranelTa yvelaze sayvareli momReralia. islamur revoluciamde momRerali didebis mwvervalze iyo da mas filmebSic iRebdnen. 80-iani wlebis qarTvel mayurebels, SesaZloa, is axsovdes Cvens kinoTeatrebSi gasuli filmidan `xangrZlivi Rame~. 1979 wlis islamuri revoluciis Semdeg momRerali erTxans Tavis samSobloSi darCa, ramdenime wlis Semdeg ki amerikaSi emigracia moaxerxa. internetiT gavrcelda misi mimarTvis teqsti: `daWrili da daRupuli adamianebis Semzaravi kadrebis xilva gulwrfelad matirebs da, samSoblos gareT mcxovrebi yvela iranelis msgavsad, Cemi gulic dRes iranis qalaqebSi imyofeba. yovelwamierad vcdilob, warmosaxvis meSveobiT, cixeebis specialur saknebSi SevaRwio da axlodan vnaxo da SevigrZno, ra xdeba iq. es aris mtkivneuli gamocdileba, romelsac gonebiT davatareb. Tan vfiqrob, roca specialur saknebSi tyveobis es warmosaxviTi gamocdileba aseTi mtkivneulia, rogor uZleben iranis mamaci da gambedavi Svilebi amgvar sinamdviles. erT mxares dganan Tvalaxveuli patimrebi, meore mxares ki maTi jalaTebi, romlebic yvela saSualebiT cdiloben iranis miwa-wylis rCeuli Svilebis damxobasa da dakninebas. me Tanadgomas vucxadeb da amerikaSi mcxovreb yvela iranels movuwodeb, SeuerTdes niu-iorkSi, gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis Senobis win dagegmil SimSilobas. TviTonac, rogorc erT-erT iranels, ganzraxuli maqvs, am aqciaze bolomde vidge, raTa politikuri da sindisis patimrebis gaTavisuflebis saqmeSi egeb erTi nabijiT mainc win waviwioT!~ guguSis am mimarTvasa da saerTod SimSilobis aqcias Zalze male SeuerTda aseve amerikaSi mcxovrebi da aranakleb popularuli momRerali _ ebi. iranSi mcxovrebi xelovanebidan ki tradiciuli musikis didostati, mahmud Sajariani saprotesto aqciebis dawyebis pirveli dRidanve quCaSi gamovida da Riad daafiqsira Tavisi simpaTia prezidentobis kandidatis mehdi qarubis misamarTiT. xelisuflebis mier saprotesto
mitingebis darbevisa da aTeulobiT momitingis mkvlelobis Semdeg Sajarianma qveynis radiosadgurebs misi erT-erTi popularuli kompoziciis ìranis Rirsebis~ gadacema aukrZala. musikosis gancxadebiT, ès kompozicia islamuri revoluciis dReebSi, maSin Seiqmna, roca xalxi RirsebisaTvis ibrZoda da qveyanaSi Tavisuflebisa da religiuri idealebis rwmena arsebobda. dRevandel viTarebaSi ki reJims, romelic islamuri revoluciis savalalo Sedegad miviReT, ufleba aRar aqvs, gulwrfeli kompozicia Tavis sasargeblod gamoiyenos da qveyanaSi, sadac yovelwamier aknineben adamianis Rirsebas, ilaxeba kacis Tavmoyvareoba da fundamenturi uflebebi, swored misi meSveobiT aRararsebuli Rirseba ganadidon~. Rirsebis ayris, gansakuTrebiT ki dapatimrebulTa Seuracxyofis Semzaravi faqtebi iranuli internetsaitebis meSveobiT TiTqmis yoveldRiurad mzeurdeba. inglisuri `gardianis~ mier gavrcelebuli informaciT, ramdenime dRis win SirazSi saprotesto aqciis dros dakavebul axalgazrdebze samarTaldamcavi organoebis warmomadgenlebma seqsualuri Zaladoba ganaxorcieles. axalgazrda mamakaci, romlis ambavsac aRniSnuli gazeTi gvauwyebs, saprotesti aqciaze dakavebidan ramdenime dRis Semdeg ramdenjerme gaxda samarTaldamcavTa mxridan seqsualuri, maT Soris, jgufuri Zaladobis obieqti. es im qveyanaSi xdeba, romlis prezidentma _ mahmud ahmadineJadma erT-erTi maRali saerTaSoriso tribunidan saprezidento arCevnebamde cota xniT adre ganacxada, _ Cven geebi da lesboselebi ara gvyavso! saerTodac, mTeli problema saprezidento arCevnebis Semdeg erTi da igive movlenebisaTvis sxvadasxva saxelis darqmevam gamoiwvia. iranis mmarTveli elita dResac jiutad amtkicebs TeTrze _ Saviao, _ da Tavisi `simarTlis~ gasatanad arc sakuTari moqalaqeebis daterorebasa da sisxlisRvras erideba. am movlenis arss saprotesto aqciis erTi lozungi yvelaze mkafiod gamoxatavs: `Cven davwereT `musavi~, maT waikiTxes àhmadineJadi~! bolos da bolos, saqmec zustad esaa.
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medvedevis viziti cxinvalSi
medvedevi cxinvalSi
oTxsaaTiani vizitiT ruseTis prezidentma os xalxs uprecedento mxardaWera agrZnobina da jentlmenobis gamovlenac moaxerxa
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fotoze: ruseTis prezidentis viziti cxinvalSi, 13 ivlisi 2009
13 ivliss, moskovis droiT 13 saaTze aeroportSi daeSva vertmfreni, romelmac cxinvalSi ruseTis federaciis prezidenti dimitri medvedevi Camoiyvana. am dRemde ruseTis arc erT prezidents da sabWoTa kavSiris arc erT generalur mdivans am miwaze fexi ar daudgams. `daaxloebiT pirvelis naxevrisTvis gamovedi Teatris moedanze. mTavrobis saxlTan CoCqoli iyo. kibeebze wiTel xaliCas afendnen, yvavilebi dahqondaT aqeT-iqiT, giJebiviT darbodnen. etyoba, viRac stumari Camodiso, _ vTqviT iq Sekrebilebma, magram azradac ar mogvsvlia, rom medvedevi iqneboda~, _ hyveba cxinvalSi mcxovrebi Temuri. umaRlesi rangis stumris Camosvlis Sesaxeb Tavad respublikis prezidentma eduard kokoiTim medvedevis vizitamde erTi saaTiT adre Seityo. amas adasturebs informaciisa da beWdvis ministrTan irina gagloevasTan gamarTuli Sexvedrac, sadac adgilobrivi Jurnalistebi dapatiJes. Sexvedra 13-Si diliT gaimarTa. ministrma Jurnalistebi gaafrTxila, _ xuTi dRis vadaSi respublikaSi medvedevis vizits veliTo. Sexve-
dra dasasruls uaxlovdeboda, roca gagloevas mobilurma dareka. xazze prezidenti kokoiTi iyo. `dRes medvedevi Camodis~, _ uTxra man gagloevas. zustad 30 wuTSi ruseTis prezidenti cxinvalSi iyo. `naxevar saaTSi Camacves. kabac ar mqonda mowesrigebuli. zogi raRacas auTovebda, zogi Rils akerebda, sxvebi makiaJs mikeTebdnen. mokled, farTxa-furTxiT gamomawyves~, _ hyveba bednierebisgan gabrwyinebuli 20 wlis marina. is axla cxinvalSi namdvili varskvlavia _ prezidentma medvedevma misi miwodebuli xabizgini gasinja. `xelSi cxeli Rvezeli meWira, Rumelidan ori wuTis win amoiRes, saswrafod, 20 wuTSi gamoacxves... roca momiaxlovda, muxlebi amikankalda. prezidenti medvedevi cxovrebaSi iseTi axalgazrda, simpaTiuri da Tavaziani yofila~, _ ukve meased hyveba marina medvedevTan Sexvedris detalebs. stalinis quCaze, mTavrobis saxlliberali ivlisi-agvisto #6 2009
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Tan prezidentebis korteJis gaCerebisas ramdenime aTeuli adamiani iyo Sekrebili. manqanidan ruseTis prezidenti rom gadmovida, maT axloblebTan mobilurebiT rekva atexes. xalxi mas mquxare taSiT Sexvda. mxolod erT sityvas gaiZaxodnen: `madloba!~ saxelmwifo ansamblma `simdim~ nacionaluri simRera àisai anazai~ Seasrula. stumarma osur xabizgins gausinja gemo da axlad moxarSuli ludi daayola. protokoluri fotosesia oriode wuTs gagrZelda. prezidentebi iRimodnen da erTxel gadaexvivnen kidec erTmaneTs. lana, cxinvaleli Jurnalisti hyveba: `miuxedavad imisa, rom medvedevis viziti samxreT oseTSi Zalian xanmokle iyo, man Tavisi adamianuri da jentlmenuri Tvisebebis gamovlena moaswro. erT-erT Jurnalist gogonas diqtofoni dauvarda da ruseTis federaciis prezidenti mamakacuri instinqtiT daixara mis asaRebad~.
oficialur Sexvedrebze Jurnalistebi ar dauSves. prezidentebis pirispir Sexvedra mTavrobis saxlSi ormoc wuTs grZeldeboda. Semdeg prezident medvedevs saparlamento arCevnebSi gamarjvebuli politikuri partiebis warmomadgenlebi Sexvdnen. Senobidan gamosuls moedanze ukve zRva xalxi eloda. `mad - lo- ba!~ _ yviroda xalxi. mokrZalebuli RimiliT medvedevi mikrofonTan mivida da xalxs agvistos omis dros gamoCenili mamacobisTvis Tavad gadauxada madloba. cxinvalis daTvaliereba daiwyo mexuTe skolidan, sadac oseTis TavisuflebisTvis daRupul gmirTa memorialia. medvedevma aseve moinaxula rusuli samxedro baza da qalaqSi ramdenime wuTs iseirna. rogorc xelisuflebasTan daaxloebuli pirebi pirad saubrebSi acxadeben, medvedevi ukmayofilo darCa aRdgeniTi samuSaoebiT.
omidan TiTqmis weliwadi gavida da, miuxedavad imisa, rom ruseTma respublikas soliduri finansuri daxmareba aRmouCina, qalaqi isev dangreulia da xalxi karvebSi cxovrobs. wyaroebi cxinvalis xelisuflebidan amboben, rom medvedevs kokoiTisTan mkacri saubari hqonda da sxva sakiTxebTan erTad oseTis parlamentis bolo iniciativac gaakritika (deputatebma ganacxades, rom mzad arian, miiRon axali konstitucia, romelic eduard kokoiTis mesame vadiT arCevis uflebas miscems). medvedevma kokoiTis mianiSna, rom konstituciis Secvla mizanSewonili ar aris. cxinvaleli Jurnalisti Temur cxovrebovi ambobs, rom ruseTis mxardaWera samxreT oseTis mimarT mudmivi ar iqneba. òseTis politikurma azrovnebam unda gaakeTos mkafio daskvna _ osebzea damokidebuli, ramdenad myar respublikas Seqmnian isini drois im monakveTSi, romelic maTTvis aris gansazRvruli, anu putini-medvedevis mmarTvelobis periodSi. ra iqneba mere, aravin icis~, _ ambobs igi. medvedevi leningoris raionsa da javaSic Cavida. javaSi dimitri anatolis Zes osuri sufra daaxvedres. adamianis uflebaTa damcveli visarion aseevi im umciresobaSia, romelmac saerTo eiforiis fonze medvedevis viziti gaakritika. òbama rom moskovSi Cavida, igi sazogadoebis sxvadasxva jgufs Sexvda. amerikis prezidents surda, Tavad Seeqmna warmodgena imaze, Tu rogor cxovroben ruseTSi. dimitri medvedevis vizitis dros ki es ar yofila. Tumca, Cemi azriT, mas mainc hqonda saSualeba, Seefasebina arsebuli mdgomareoba. is faqti, rom misi vizitis Semdeg cxinvals ruseTis sagangebo saqmeTa ministri sergei Soigu estumra, swored amas mowmobs; anu, medvedevma icis, rom samxreT oseTi am xelisuflebis pirobebSi kolafsSi imyofeba~, _ ganacxada man. am vizitma ramdenime saaTiT aaforiaqa agvistos omis Semdeg daTrgunuli cxinvalis dune cxovreba. medvedevma samxreT oseTSi daaxloebiT oTxi saaTi dahyo. mis stumrobas ki aq kidev didxans gaixseneben, radgan cxinvalis mosaxleobisTvis dimitri medvedevis viziti imis maCvenebelia, rom ruseTi mis mier aRiarebul respublikas gasaWirSi momavalSic ar datovebs.
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foto REUTERS
aRmsareblobis Tavisufleba
privilegirebuli Tavisufleba
saqarTveloSi aRmsareblobis Tavisufleba konstituciiTa da sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso konvenciiTaa ganmtkicebuli, Tumca religiuri umciresobebisTvis saqarTveloSi Tanabari garemo ar arsebobs >>
nino beqiSvili
2005 wlis 23 dekembers saqarTvelos parlamentSi sozar subaris moxsenebis mosmenis Semdeg deputatebis umravlesobam protestis niSnad darbazi datova. umravlesoba da opozicia erTnairad gaabraza saxalxo damcvelis poziciam. im dRes subarma Tavis yovelwliur moxsenebaSi religiis sakiTxSi saxelmwifo politika gaakritika. misi TqmiT, marTlmadidebel eklesiasa da saqarTvelos saxelmwifos Soris xelmowerili sakonstitucio SeTanxmeba saqarTvelos konstituciasa da saerTaSoriso konvenciebiT aRiarebul Tanasworuflebianobis princips arRvevda. SeTanxmeba, romelic 2002 wels, SevardnaZis mmarTvelobisas daido, marTlmadidebel eklesias, saqarTveloSi moqmed sxva religiur jgufebTan SedarebiT, mniSvnelovan privilegiebs aniWebs da konstituciis mecxre muxlis ori punqtiT aris ganmtkicebuli. saxalxo damcvelma am tipis SeTanxmebis gaformeba im religiur organizaciebTanac moiTxova, romlebsac saqarTveloSi saukuneebis istoria aqvT _ iudaur TemTan, somxur samociqulo marTlmadidebel eklesiasTan, islamTan da kaTolike eklesiasTan. maSin saxalxo damcvels politikuri mxardaWera parlamentarTagan mxolod erTma deputatma, giga bokeriam gamoucxada. mas Semdeg oTxi weli gavida, magram saxelmwifo politika ar Secvlila. sapatriarqos gaRizianebas xelisuflebac da opoziciac erTnairad erideba. ramdenime dRis win opoziciis na34
wilma `normatiuli aqtebis~ Sesaxeb kanonproeqti gaaprotesta. maTi azriT, SemoTavazebuli cvlilebebis amoqmedebis Semdeg saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiasa da saxelmwifos Soris gaformebul konstituciur SeTanxmebas, ufro sworad, mis upiratesobas sxva kanonebTan mimarTebaSi, safrTxe daemuqreba. rogorc Cans, opozicioner politikosebs Zalian awuxebT is, rom SeiZleba, saxelmwifos mxridan raime saxis xelSekrulebis dadeba sxva konfesiebTanac gaxdes SesaZlebeli. maTi TqmiT, èklesia dakargavs im mcire upiratesobasac ki, rac mas dRes aqvs~. kanon-proeqtSi konstituciuri SeTanxmeba marTlac amoRebulia meSvide muxlis normatiuli aqtebis CamonaTvalidan. Tumca, mainc saeWvoa, rom kanonproeqtis damtkicebam konstituciur SeTanxmebas Zala daukargos, radganac imave muxlSi garkveviT weria, rom `saqarTvelos konstituciur SeTanxmebas, Tu igi ar ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos konstitucias da konstituciur kanons, aqvs upiratesi iuridiuli Zala yvela sxva normatiuli aqtis mimarT~. Tavisuflebis institutis gamgeobis Tavmjdomaris levan ramiSvilis azriT, religiis Sesaxeb kanonis miRebam da e.w. `tradiciul~ religiebTan xelSekrulebebis gaformebam SeiZleba ufro metad gaamZafros diskriminaciuli foni sxva, CvenSi SedarebiT axlad damkvidrebuli religiebis mimarT da saxelmwifoc swored amitom frTxilobs. `Znelia imis gansazRvra, ra aris religia da romeli organizaciebia religiuri. religiur gaerTianebebs, vinc saxelmwifosTan xelSekrulebis gaformebas moiTxovs, surT, rom daaxloebiT iseTi privilegiebi hqondeT, rogoric marTlmadidebel eklesias aqvs~, _ ambobs levan ramiSvili da fexburTis magaliTi mohyavs, sadac arsebobs premier liga, Semdeg modis pirveli liga da Se-
`mes~ eklesiis moZRvari mama gelasi aroSvili ambobs: `vSiSobT, rom opoziciis gamarjvebis SemTxvevaSi, isev daucvelebi aRmovCndebiT~.
adamianis uflebebi da samarTali
mdeg _ yvela danarCeni. levan ramiSvilis azriT, religiur organizaciebs, romlebic uars amboben registraciis im modelze, romelsac maT saxelmwifo sTavazobT _ anu kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pirad registraciaze, swored privilegiebis miReba surT. somxuri eklesiis surb gevorgis msaxurma mama narekma misi eklesiis amgvari survili ramdenime mizeziT axsna: pirveli isaa, rom somxuri samociqulo marTlmadidebeli eklesia saqarTveloSi, 1500 welia, arsebobs da, axlaxan Seqmnili religiuri umciresobebisgan gansxvavebiT, garkveuli privilegiebi ekuTvnis; meore _ somxuri eklesia saliberali ivlisi-agvisto #6 2009
qarTveloSi istoriulad flobda qonebas, romelsac ver ibrunebs. maSin, rodesac saqarTvelos eklesiisTvis istoriulad kuTvnili qonebis dabrunebis garantiebi konstituciur SeTanxmebaSia Cadebuli, danarCeni denominaciebis qonebis sakiTxis gadawyveta mxolod saxelmwifos keTil nebazea damokidebuli. am process arc kanoni aregulirebs, rac bunebrivia, religiuri konfesiebis warmomadgenelTa protests iwvevs. ramdenime wlis win, qarTuli sazogadoeba aRSfoTebiT Sexvda somxuri eklesiis gancxadebas imis Sesaxeb, rom somxebma saqarTveloSi 600 religiuri
nageboba aaSenes. `saqarTveloSi CaTvales, TiTqos somxebi 600 eklesiis gadacemas iTxovdnen, rac Rimilismomgvrelia, _ ambobs mama nareki. Cven mxolod imis Tqma gvindoda, rom saqarTveloSi Cven arafers vangrevdiT, piriqiT, vaSenebdiT da Cveni wvlili Segvqonda qarTuli kulturis ganviTarebaSi~. dRes somxuri eklesia saqarTveloSi sul 6 taZris dabrunebas moiTxovs. eqvsive taZari somxuria da iq saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesias jerjerobiT wirva-locva ar dauwyia. SarSan leseliZis quCaze mdebare noraSenis eklesiaSi somxuri mrevlis da samRvdeloebis ukanonod
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foto Temo barZimaSvili
SeWris da iq RvTismsaxurebis Catarebis Semdeg didi aJiotaJi atyda qarTul telemediaSi. manamde ki, roca mRvdelma tariel sikinWilaSvilma noraSenis eklesiis ezoSi TamamSevebis saflavebis qvebs buldozerebi miayena, arc erT qarTul televizias es faqti ar gauSuqebia. maSin somxurma mrevlma telefoniT gadaRebuli kadrebi internetiT gaavrcela da ase scada yuradRebis miqceva. Tumca, noraSenTan da sxva somxur eklesiebTan dakavSirebiT araferi Secvlila. mama nareki imazec wuxs, rom somxuri kulturis Zeglebis restavraciisTvis saqarTvelos saxelmwifo Tanxebs ar gamoyofs da es Senobebi nel-nela ingreva. `saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqma da yovelTa somexTa patriarqma wlebis win moilaparakes, rom, rogorc ki saqarTveloSi mdgomareoba ukeTesobisken Seicvleboda, sadavo eklesiebs somxur mxares gadascemdnen. Cven vTvliT, rom es dro dadga. vin uSlis xels kanonierebis aRdgenas, ar viciT, radgan saxelmwifo moxeleebi sapatriarqosken iSveren xels, sapatriarqo ki piriqiT _ yvelafers saxelmwifos abralebs~, _ ambobs mama nareki. qonebis dabrunebas uSedegod cdilobs kaTolikuri eklesiac. wlebia, grZeldeba dava im taZrebze, romlebsac kaTolikeebi TavianT sakuTrebad Tvlian. dRes qarTveli kaTolikeebi baTumis, goris, quTaisis, sofel ivlitasa da udes taZrebis dabrune-
bas ukve aRar moiTxoven. kaTolikeTa episkoposma mama juzepe pazotom gviTxra, _ Cven mxolod imas viTxovT, rom raxan marTlmadideblebs es eklesiebi axla sWirdebaT da iq wirva-locva tardeba, eklesiam da saqarTvelos saxelmwifom aRiaron, rom es Senobebi istoriulad kaTolikeTa kuTvnileba iyo, da mere Tundac 1000 wlis Semdeg, roca aRar dagWirdebaT, dagvibruneTo. dava am taZrebis Sesaxeb jer kidev gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebidan daiwyo. `sadavo eklesiebTan dakavSirebul process Tan sdevs istoriuli memkvidreobis xelyofis faqtebi. magaliTad, sofel ivlitaSi Seicvala eklesiis interieri, gorSi kedlebidan amoiRes freskebi. es aris kulturuli memkvidreobis xelyofa, rasac saxelmwifos mxridan reagireba ar mohyolia~, _ naTqvamia saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis 2008 wlis angariSSi. `15 weliwadia, aq var da 15 welia, erTi problema dgas kaTolikuri eklesiis winaSe, _ ambobs mama juzepe, _ sxva religiebis warmomadgenlebTan erTad kanonic movamzadeT, magram Cvens mcdelobas Sedegi ar mohyolia. dRes saqarTveloSi kaTolikur eklesias iuridiuli statusi ar aqvs, imitom, rom saxelmwifo ar gvaZlevs sajaro iuridiul pirad daregistrirebis saSualebas. eklesia ki ar aris kerZo iuridiuli piri! velodebiT im dros, roca gveqneba saSualeba, davregistrirdeT, rogorc eklesia; aseve gvawuxebs qonebis dabrunebis sakiTxic, romelic vera da ver gvardeba; Tanac, marto kaTolikuri eklesia ar aris amgvar mdgomareobaSi. Tu es sakiTxebi ar gadaiWra, saqarTveloSi religiur organizaciebs Soris jansaRi da Tanabari urTierTobebi ar iqneba. qveyanaSi mSvidobis safuZveli samarTlianobaa da Tu samarTlianoba ar iqna, arc mSvidoba iqneba. unda davelodoT, sxva gza ar gvaqvs~.
maSin, rodesac saqarTvelos eklesiisTvis istoriulad kuTvnili qonebis dabrunebis garantiebi konstituciur SeTanxmebaSia Cadebuli, danarCeni denominaciebis qonebis sakiTxis gadawyveta mxolod saxelmwifos keTil nebazea damokidebuli.
`mes~ (marTlmadidebeli esklesia saqarTveloSi)
`mes~ (marTlmadidebeli esklesia saqarTveloSi)
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registraciis arqona, bunebrivia, ebraelTa Tems da muslimebsac awuxebT, magram somxuri da kaTolikuri eklesiisgan gansxvavebiT, isini am sakiTxs dramatulad ar uyureben. amboben, rom saxelmwifo yvelanairad exmareba. isic miTxres, religiur nagebobebs da miwebs kerZo pirebze vaformebT da amitomac, statusis arqona didad ar gviSlis xelso. agreTve saqarTvelos eklesiisa da kaTalikos-patriarqis, ilia II-is keTilganwyobil damokidebulebazec ilaparakes. maTi naambobidan kidev erTxel dasturdeba, rom sapatriarqos dapirispireba da dava qristianul konfesiebTan ufro aqvs. religiuri organizaciebis nawili saxelmwifos mier SeTavazebul registraciis models daTanxmda, ZiriTadad isini, vinc saqarTveloSi SedarebiT axali damkvidrebulia. maT Soris, vinc registraciis am models didad ar akritikebs, meSvide dRis qristian adventistTa eklesiacaa, Tumca, is saqarTveloSi arsebobis 100 welze mets iTvlis. am eklesiis sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis da religiuri Tavisuflebis ganyofilebis xelmZRvaneli, sergo namoraZe ambobs, rom statusi, romelic saxelmwifom religiur umciresobebs SesTavaza, srulfasovani ar aris, magram sxva gza ar hqondaT: `madloblebi varT, rom registraciis procedura gamartivda. amis gareSe, SeuZlebeli iyo arseboba. Cven gvaqvs qoneba, gvWirdeba sabanko angariSi, gamovcemT literaturas, saWiroa, vi-
moqmedoT, rogorc iuridiulma pirebma. sakonstitucio SeTanxmeba saxelmwifosa da marTlmadidebel eklesias Soris marTlac badebs garkveul kiTxvebs, upirvelesad, iuridiuli da sakonstitucio TvalsazrisiT. vardebis revoluciamde Cveni mdgomareoba Zalian mZime iyo. 2004 wlidan 2008 wlamde periods namdvilad ar vemduriT, axla veqtori isev uaryofiT mxares gadaixara. is, rom fizikur Seuracxyofas ar gvayeneben, aRar gvarbeven, bevrs arafers niSnavs. problema sazogadoebis arainformirebulobaSia. Cveni moqalaqeebis umetesobas ar SeuZlia ganasxvavos ieRoveli da protestanti. rodesac igeben, rom ar xar marTlmadidebeli, eWvis TvaliT giyureben, Tvlian, rom cudi qarTveli da cudi patrioti xar. arada, religia arCevanis sferoa da ara _ mocemuloba~. sazogadoebis arainformirebulobaze sxva religiebis warmomadgenlebic laparakoben. media maT problemebs naklebad aSuqebs, skolebSi ar iswavleba religiebis istoria. arc isaa farTo sazogadoebisTvis cnobili, rom saqarTveloSi, garda qarTuli samociqulo eklesiisa, ramdenime sxva marTlmadidebeli eklesiac moqmedebs. maT nawils saqarTvelos sapatriarqo ganxeTqilebaSi, e.w. `sqizmaSi~ myofebs uwodebs. aseTi ramdenime eklesiaa, maT Soris _ staroverebi, gldanis eparqia, zedaznis jgufi, bostonis dajgufeba, berZnuli sqizma, `sxvenis marTlmadidebluri eklesia~. RvTismSoblis miZinebis taZari, romelic TbilisSi, iyalTos goraze dgas, sxva axalagebuli eklesiebisgan garegnulad arafriT gansxvavdeba. es `mes~ (marTlmadidebel eklesias saqarTveloSi) mrevlis da samRvdeloebis salocavia. 1997 wels maT gamoyofas saqarTvelos sapatriarqosgan ramdenime mizezi hqonda. jgufis wevrebis azriT, miuRebeli iyo saqarTvelos eklesiis ekumenur sabWoSi yofna; agreTve isic, rom sabWoTa periodSi eklesia aqtiurad TanamSromlobda komunistur reJimTan da sabWoTa uSiSroebasTan. jerjerobiT maT aravin aviwrovebs _ aqvT taZrebi da semrevloebi guriaSi, Tbilissa da quTaisSi. magram vardebis revoluciamde mravali damcireba, ciliswameba da darbeva gamoiares. 2002 wels guriaSi, sofel SemoqmedSi erT-erTi
kerZo mosaxlis ezoSi agebuli eklesia adgilobrivma xelisuflebam daangria. `mes~ eklesiis moZRvari mama gelasi aroSvili ambobs, _ `SevardnaZis dros policia, adgilobrivi xelisufleba da kriminalebi erTad ibrZodnen Cven winaaRmdeg. mas Semdeg, rac xelisufleba Seicvala, amovisunTqeT. vSiSobT, rom opoziciis gamarjvebis SemTxvevaSi, isev daucvelebi aRmovCndebiT. ukanaskneli movlenebidanac Cans, rogoraa ganwyobili opoziciis didi nawili. gaixseneT, ras akeTebs marTlmadidebel mSobelTa kavSiri. maT Tu politikuri mxardaWerac eqnaT, warmoidgineT, ras izamen. kanonmdeblobac ar aris gamarTuli. eklesiasa da saxelmwifos Soris dadebuli sakonstitucio xelSekruleba Cven winaaRmdegaa mimarTuli. am SeTanxmebis mixedviT, samRvdelo Sesamoselis tarebis ufleba mxolod sapatriarqos daqvemdebarebaSi myof mRvdlebs aqvT, sapatriarqos aqvs marTlmadidebluri literaturis gamocemis eqskluziuri ufleba, saeklesio nivTebis warmoebac mxolod sapatriarqos licenziiT unda xdebodes. sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi SevitaneT sarCeli, Tumca sasamarTlom Cveni sarCeli gansaxilvelad ar miiRo, _ es muxlebi Tqven ar gexebaTo~... nobelis mSvidobis premiis laureati, episkoposi da adamianis uflebaTa damcveli, desmond tutu Salva naTelaSvilma àfrikel kaciWamiad~ moixsenia. TiTqos, arc unda gagvkvirveboda, gaunaTlebeli politikosebi iSviaToba ar aris, magram es fraza religiur umciresobebTan qarTuli sazogadoebis damokidebulebas adekvaturad aRwers. miuxedavad imisa, rom 2003 wlis Semdeg, rwmenis da aRmsareblobis Tavisuflebis mxriv, qveyanaSi bevri ram ukeTesobisken Seicvala, rogorc vnaxeT, diskriminaciuli garemo mainc arsebobs da vinc umravlesobaSi, anu marTlmadidebeli, ar aris, Tavs xSirad daCagrulad da gariyulad grZnobs. imis nacvlad, rom politikosebma xeli Seuwyon qveyanaSi Tanabari uflebebis damkvidrebas, isini, piriqiT, akritikeben xelisuflebis axal iniciativas, romelic eklesias ukve mopovebul privilegiebs ar arTmevs, magram masTan Tanasworobis Sanss sxvebsac aZlevs.
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ekonomika
saxelmwifo programa jandacvis sferoSi
iafi dazRvevis Zviri gakveTilebi

Secdomebis miuxedavad, iafi dazRvevis programa SesaZlebelia gadarCes >>
revaz sayevariSvili
155 aTasze meti dazRvevis mosurne _ aseTia ìafi dazRvevis~ saxelmwifo programis pirveladi Sedegebi. pirveladi imitom, rom es monacemTa baza socialuri subsidiebis saagentoSi unda gadaigzavnos da mxolod iq momxdari gamocxrilvis Semdeg dadgindes iafad dazRveulTa saboloo odenoba. programa Tavdapirveli CanafiqriT, 1 ivliss unda dasrulebuliyo. Tumca, am vadis amowurvamde cota xniT adre cnobili gaxda, rom programa 3 kviriT gagrZelda. ivnisis bolosTvis programis Sedegebi Zalian mokrZalebuli iyo. im 500 aTasi potenciuri dasazRvevidan, romlis mozidvasac programis ganxorcielebis sawyis etapze moelodnen, ivnisis bolos mxolod 40 aTasi adamiani iyo dazRveuli. sami kviris momatebam programas gacilebiT meti SesZina: programis
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dasrulebamde ori dRiT adre jandacvis saministroSi ukve 100 aTas dazRveulze saubrobdnen, programa ki sabolood 150-aTasiani niSnulis gadalaxviT `daixura~. dRes jandacvis saministro acxadebs, rom iafi dazRveva warmatebiT ganxorcielda da is 500 aTasi kacis dazRvevaze gawerili arasodes yofila. misive TqmiT, bolo periodSi dazRvevis msurvelTa raodenobis zrda SeiniSneba. garkveulwilad, programis ganxorcielebas qveyanaSi mimdinare politikurma movlenebma SeuSala xeli. iafi dazRveva axali programaa da xalxs meti informacia sWirdeba, raTa rogorc saxelmwifo programebis, aseve sadazRvevo seqtoris mimarT meti ndoba hqondes _ ganacxada jandacvis ministrma sandro kvitaSvilma. samTavrobo programas, miT ufro, misi mZime startis gamo, kraxs bevri uwinaswarmetyvelebda. mizezebi saamisod uamravi iyo. problemaTa mTeli diapazoni ki erTi martivi terminiT SeiZleba Sefasdes _ arasaTanado molodinebis Seqmna.
yvelaze didi Secdoma - im molodinis Seqmna iyo, rom iafi dazRveva janmrTelobis bevri problemis mogvarebis saSualeba iqneboda.
erT-erT etapze iaf dazRvevas kritika arc saqarTvelos prezidentma daaklo. saakaSvilma ukmayofileba uSualod mTavrobis sxdomaze daafiqsira, sadac ganacxada, rom `programa miRoRavs~ da jandacvis ministrs mouwoda mosaxleobas sayovelTao dazRvevis Sesaxeb meti axsna-ganmartebebi miawodeTo. xelisuflebis mondomeba, `daeqoqa~ es proeqti, gasagebia. Tumca, isic gasagebia, rom im pirobebSi, rogorSic programa daigegma da ganxorcielda, ufro meti Sedegis miRweva, praqtikulad, gamoricxuli iyo. aseTi moculobis saxelmwifo programis reklamirebis mxolod sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis, yvelaze dabalreitinguli teleberketis, imedad datoveba absoluturad gaumarTlebeli iyo. minimaluri sadazRvevo paketis 5-larianad monaTvla maSin, roca sawyis etapzeve misi erTwliani safasuris srulad gadaxda iyo saWiro, aranakleb didi Secdoma iyo. da imis miuxedavad, rom 60-lariani paketidan dazRveuls erTjeradad mxolod mesamedi wilis _ 19,8 laris gadaxda evaleboda, misi azrovnebis 5 larze `damiznebis~ Semdeg 4-jer met Tanxaze qviTris gamowera mimzidveli nabiji ar aRmoCnda. yvelaze didi Secdoma _ im molodinis Seqmna iyo, rom iafi dazRveva janmrTelobis bevri problemis mogvarebis saSualeba iqneboda. 1 marts dawyebuli erT-erTi yvelaze ambiciuri da xmauriani proeqtis Sedegi aseTia: iafi dazRvevis programis pirvel etapze sadazRvevo kompaniebma winaswar gaTvlilze 3,5jer naklebi adamiani daazRvies. bolo, dauzustebeli monacemebiT, dazRveulTa saerTo raodenoba 155 aTass aRemateba. bolo dReebamde programis farglebSi yvelaze meti momxmarebeli kompania ìraos~ hyavda. 10-aTaskaciani zRvari, rac kompaniebs saxelmwifo mxridan damatebiTi Tanxebis miRebis saSualebas aZlevda, mxolod 6-ma kompaniam: ìraom~, `ji-pi-ai holdingma~, ài-si jgufma~, àldagi bisiaim~, ìmedi-elma~ da `partniorma~ gadalaxa. zaralis riski meti aqvs darCenil 4 kompanias. programis farglebSi, yvelaze naklebi dazRveuli _ 482 adamiani `saxalxo dazRvevas~ hyavda. Tumca, kompania wlis bolodan mis axal mflobels _ ài-si jgufs~ SeuerTdeba da maTi problemebic saerTo gaxdeba. saxelmwifos mier damatebuli 3-kviriani periodiT poziciebis gamyareba ZiriTadad ìraom~, ài-si jgufma~, `partniorma~, àldagi bisiaim~ da àrqimedes global jorjiam~ SeZles. ìraom~ bolo erT TveSi saerTo raodenobis TiTqmis naxevari _ 12 aTasi adamiani daazRvia, ài-si jgufma~ ki dazRveulTa 90% _ 10 aTasi momxmarebeli moizida. saerTo monacemebiT, momxmarebelTa 98%
minimaluri 5-lariani paketiT daezRvia. damatebiTi 10-lariani da 15-lariani paketebiT ki mxolod 1741 adamiani dainteresda da aqedan TiTqmis yvela _ 1739 àldagi bisiaim~ daazRvia. es monacemebi ar asaxavs saboloo suraTs, romelic jer ar gamokveTila. sadazRvevo kompaniebi acxadeben, rom axla awarmoeben ganacxadebis mobilizebas regionebidan da saboloo suraTic mxolod amis Semdeg gairkveva. oTxi Tvis ganmavlobaSi iafi dazRvevis programiT ramdenime aseulma adamianma isargebla. sadazRvevo kompaniebis mier anazRaurebuli Tanxebi ki 50 aTas lars aRemateba. am periodis ganmavlobaSi mediaciis samsaxurSi, romelic sadazRvevo kompaniebisa da dazRveulebis pretenziebs ganixilavs, sadazRvevo kompaniebis winaaRmdeg sul 5 saCivaria Sesuli (1 _ SesaZlo sasamarTlos perspeqtiviT, 4 _ SedarebiT naklebi simZimis), romlebic momsaxurebasa da Tanxebis anazRaurebas exeba. jandacvis ministris bolo gancxadebiT, programis ganvlili etapis Seswavlis da misi kritikuli analizis Semdeg, ar gamoiricxeba momavalSi misi Secvlili saxiT ganxorcieleba. sadazRvevo asociaciis xelmZRvaneli devi xeCinaSvili ki miiCnevs, rom iafi dazRvevis programa unikaluri Sansi iyo individebisTvis, raTa sakmaod konservatiul da maTTvis Caketil sadazRvevo sistemaSi fexi SeedgaT (dResac sadazRvevo seqtori ufro metad korporatiul segmentzea orientirebuli da naklebad izidavs individebs). rodesac dazRveuli erTxel mainc dainaxavs, rom sadazRvevo polisiT samedicino momsaxureba gacilebiT martivad da iafad miiRo, igi Seecdeba momavalSic daezRvios. momavalSi sadazRvevo kompaniebs mosaxleobis bevrad ufro did nawilTan mouwevT urTierTobis gagrZeleba. da es maTTvis rogorc zrdis da ganviTarebis, aseve Seferxeba-dacemis safuZvelic SeiZleba gaxdes. Sesabamisad, bazarze adgilis gamyarebisTvis sadazRvevo kompaniebs klientebTan gacilebiT aqtiuri da efeqturi finansur-sakomunikacio enis moZebna mouxdebaT.
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SromiTi kanonmdebloba
maradiuli omis axali brZola

>> revaz sayevariSvili
saqarTvelos SromiTi kanonmdebloba mniSvnelovan gardatexas ganicdis damqiraveblis da daqiravebulis konfliqti Tavisi arsiT iseTive Zvelia, rogorc gadasaxadis gadamxdelis da amkrefis, an mevalis da mevaxSis urTierToba. yovelTvis arsebobs am potenciuri winaaRmdegobis mSvidobianad mogvarebis albaToba, magram, rogorc wesi, keTil nebaze damokidebuls arafers toveben da sabolood ufleba-movaleobebis detaluri gansazRvra xdeba. am maradiul konfliqtSi pirdapir da iribad monawile mxareebic, praqtikulad, Tavidanve gansazRvrulia. damqiraveblis da daqiravebulis duets saxelmwifosa da profkavSirebis monawileobac emateba da, rogorc wesi, urTierTobac swored am kvartetis komunikaciis farglebSi xdeba. qarTul SromiT kanonmdeblobas damoukidebeli saxiT arsebobis Zalian mokle istoria aqvs. bolo dromde is ufro metad sabWoTa SromiTi kanonmdeblobis uxeiro da CamorCenili kalki iyo. Tumca, mis sabaziso debulebebSi aSkarad ikveTeboda disbalansi _ simZimis centri sagrZnoblad `marcxniv~ iyo gadaxrili da gacilebiT metad gamoxatavda daqiravebulis interesebs, vidre damqiraveblisas. postrevoluciur xanaSi simZimis centris `marjvniv~ gadaxram gverdi arc SromiT kanonmdeblobas auara da winandeli suraTi radikalurad Secvala _ uuflebo damqiravebeli sruluflebiani baton-patroni gaxda, uflebamosili daqiravebuli ki savsebiT uflebaayrili aRmoCnda. axla Cven Tvalwin qanqara isev amoZravda. sabolood sad moiZebneba Sualedi, amaze didwilad iqneba damokidebuli qarTuli biznesis ganviTarebis Semdgomi maxasiaTeblebi. memarjvene radikalebis pozicia uryevia _ arsebuli kanonmdebloba ar unda Seicvalos, radgan samuSao Zalas
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ufro mobilurs xdis, biznesis mwarmoebels ki _ naklebad damokidebuls personalis destruqciul winaaRmdegobaze. poziciis gasamyareblad maT arguments saerTaSoriso instituti umagrebs zurgs. msoflio bankis saerTaSoriso safinanso korporaciis Doing Business-2008-is angariSis mixedviT, saqarTvelo 2007 wels #1 reformator qveynad aris aRiarebuli, saerTo msoflio reitingSi ki qveyanas me-18 adgili aqvs miniWebuli (SedarebisTvis: 2004 wels saqarTvelo, biznesis iolad keTebis TvalsazrisiT, 137-e adgilze iyo, 2005 wels _ 112-ze, 2006-Si ki 37-e adgilze gadainacvla). am reitingSi saqarTvelom yvelaze maRali Sefaseba swored Sromis bazris, liberaluri SromiTi kanonmdeblobis kuTxiT miiRo _ Cvenma qveyanam am maCvenebliT msoflio reitingis meoTxe safexuri daikava. simeon jankovi, Doing Business-is kvlevaTa seriis avtori:
`sxvadasxva saxis reformebi ekonomikuri, SromiTi kanonmdeblobis reforma da a.S. 3-dan 5 wlamde periods moiTxovs, raTa misi Sedegebi qveynis realur cxovrebaSi aisaxos. zogierT SemTxvevaSi, amas 7-8 welic ki sWirdeba. reformebis efeqtianobis erT-erTi Zalian mniSvnelovani indikatori aris kompaniebis, anu axali biznesebis raodenoba. saqarTveloSi reformebis warmatebis niSnad SeiZleba CaiTvalos statistika, romlis mixedviTac, gaizarda 100 sul mosaxleze kerZo biznesebis raodenoba da saqarTvelo am mxriv aris me-6 adgilze. dRevandeli monacemebiT, saqarTveloSi 100 sul mosaxleze 15 biznesia registrirebuli. Tqven daaxloebiT iseTive maCveneblebi gaqvT, rogoric axal zelandias, avstralias, singapurs, malaiziasa da honkongs~. jankovis daTqmuli 3-5 da, miT umetes, 7-8 weliwadi bevr qarTul kanons àr dascaldeba~. is tempi, romliTac, xelisuflebis prioritetebis morigi socializaciis gamo, kanonmdeblobis
gadawera xdeba, naTelyofs, rom bevr umniSvnelovanes dokuments, maT Soris, SromiT kanonmdeblobasac gadawera ar ascdeba. da dRes am procesis dasabuTebas ara nakleb woniani argumentebi aqvs, vidre oriode wlis win mis srul antiversias _ SromiTi kanonmdeblobis srul liberalizacias hqonda. saqarTvelos, SesaZloa, evrokavSirTan preferenciebis generalizebuli sistemiT (GSP+) sargeblobis ufleba CamoarTvan. mraval mizezTagan erT-erTi aqac SromiTi kanonmdeblobaa _ evrokomisia da Sromis saerTaSoriso organizacia saqarTvelos Sromis kodeqss diskriminaciulad afasebs da mTavrobisgan mis Secvlas moiTxovs. GSP+-iT sargeblobis uflebis CamorTmeva ar aris saxumaro saqme, radgan SeRavaTian reJimSi 6,4 aTasi dasaxelebis produqtia moqceuli. 16 qveynis (maT Soris, saqarTvelos) savaWro partniorebis siaSi Seyvanis Semdeg es saxelmwifoebi evrokavSiris
qveynebSi sakuTari produqciis Setanisas dabali an nulovani sabaJo gadasaxadebiT sargebloben. saqarTvelos garda, dRes Sromis msoflio organizaciis eWviani dakvirvebis obieqti ZiriTadad afrikuli saxelmwifoebia. saqarTvelom, SesaZlebelia, preferenciebiT sargeblobis SesaZlebloba swored am kampaniasTan erTad dakargos; miT ufro, rom evrokomisiam saqarTvelos SromiTi kanonmdebloba evropis socialur qartiasTanac Seusabamod cno. evropis samezoblo politikis farglebSi, saqarTvelom problemis mogvareba da evrostandartebTan harmonizeba iTava. garda amisa, SromiTi kanonmdeblobis disbalanss saqarTvelos, savaraudod, evrokavSiris àRmosavleTis partniorobis~ programis farglebSic araerTxel Seaxseneben. am faqtors didi yuradReba daeTmoba evrokavSiris qveynebTan Tavisufali vaWrobis SeTanxmebis ganxilvisasac. ase rom, yvelaferi miuTiTebs im garemoebaze, rom saqarTveloSi SromiTi urTierTobebis maregulirebeli kanonmdeblobis gadasinjva gardauvalia. sagulisxmoa, rom SromiTi urTierTobebis rTul procesSi CarTuli da zemoT ukve naxsenebi kidev ori moTamaSe procesSi ukve aqtiurad monawileobs. is, rom saqarTvelos Sromis kodeqsi gadaisinjeba, JenevaSi gamarTul Sexvedraze saqarTvelos jandacvis ministrma da gaerTianebuli profkavSirebis xelmZRvanelmac daadastures. metic, gaerTianebulma profkavSirebma Sromis kodeqsSi Sesatani cvlilebebis paketi ukve moamzada da am etapze mTavrobasa da damsaqmebelTa asociaciasTan konsultaciebi mimdinareobs. pirvel etapze navaraudevia, rom cvlilebebi Sromis kodeqsis 30-mde muxls Seexeba; aseve, winaswari gegmiT, reformis pirveli etapi oqtombramde unda daigegmos da ganxorcieldes. amJamindeli sqemiT, upirvelesi cvlilebebi Seexeba fexmZimeTa uflebebs, samsaxurSi miReba-gaTavisuflebis normebs, samuSao saaTebis raodenobas, zeganakveTuri samuSaos dadgenis da anazRaurebis wesebs. cvlilebaTa proeqtiT, samsaxuridan ukanonod daTxovna, SesaZloa, xelfasis asmagi odenobiT daisajos. gauqm-
deba amJamad moqmedi kanonmdeblobis is muxlic, romlis mixedviTac, damsaqmebels ufleba aqvs, samsaxuridan gaTavisuflebisas dasaqmebuls mizezi ar dausaxelos. cvlilebebis Tanaxmad, es aucilebeli gaxdeba. cvlilebebi, romlebsac profkavSirebi mTavrobasTan aTanxmeben, aseve gulisxmobs asociaciis Tavisuflebas da koleqtiuri molaparakebebis xelSewyobas. garda amisa, mkacrad ganisazRvreba samuSao saaTebi, romelTa raodenobamac kviraSi 41 saaTs ar unda gadaaWarbos. ufro meti datvirTvis SemTxvevaSi, damqiravebeli valdebuli iqneba, dasaqmebuls zeganakveTuri yovelsaaTobrivi damatebiTi anazRaureba dauwesos. es mxolod nawilia im siaxleebisa (an aRdgenili Zveli normebisa), rac saqarTvelos reformirebul SromiT kanonmdeblobaSi Caiwereba. kanonmdeblobaSi, romelic, savaraudod, mniSvnelovan gardatexas ganicdis. saqarTvelos am etapze arCevanis gakeTeba ara mxolod memarjvene-memarcxene midrekilebebsa da damqiraveblis an daqiravebulis interesebs Soris, aramed ori avtoritetuli da kompetenturi saerTaSoriso institutis da, bolos da bolos, qveynis ori umsxvilesi donoris poziciebs Sorisac mouwevs. saerTaSoriso safinanso korporaciis Sefaseba, romelic saqarTvelos jerac moqmed SromiT kanonmdeblobas gamokveTilad dadebiTad afasebs, donorebis da qveynis partniorebis garkveuli jgufis pozicias asaxavs. safinanso korporacia, romelic kerZo seqtoris xelSesawyobad aris Seqmnili, msoflio bankis jgufSi Sedis, sadac, saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis msgavsad, Zlieria amerikuli gavlenis flangi. evropuli struqturebis gamokveTilad socialuri orientiri ki sul sxva donorebis da sivrcis prioritetebs efuZneba da qveyanas am kriteriumebisadmi meti yuradRebis gamoCenasac avaldebulebs. sxva yvelaferTan erTad, dRes saqarTvelo SromiTi kanonmdeblobis SecvliT swored am or midgomas Sorisac akeTebs arCevans. da, tradiciulad, kvlavac im safrTxis winaSea, rom, romelime mxaris sasargeblod Tu sazianod, zedmetad mkveTri disbalansi ar gamouvides.
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edmund felpsi, 2006 wlis nobelis premiis laureati ekonomikaSi
saerTaSoriso daxmareba saqarTvelos
saqarTvelos aRdgenis swori gza

>> edmund felpsi, graciana del kastilio, inglisuridan Targmna TaTia kobreSvilma
iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa problemis mogvarebis gareSe, politikuri stabilurobis ganmtkicebisa da usafrTxoebisTvis yovelgvari Zalisxmeva ganwirulia saqarTvelos dasaxmareblad mowyobili samitis Semdeg Sepirebuli daxmarebis saerTo moculoba 4,5 miliardi dolaria anu, daaxloebiT, aTasi dolari _ saqarTvelos TiToeul macxovrebelze. es kargi ambavia. cudi ambavi ki is aris, rom briuselis samitSi mxolod donorebi da saqarTvelos xelisufleba monawileobdnen, ris gamoc, Transparency International-ma mkacrad gaakritika gadawyvetilebis miRebis daxuruli procesi. saomari moqmedebebisa da postsaomar fazaSi myofi qveynis aRdgenasa da ganaxlebaze mimarTuli Tanxebis xarjvis arasakmarisi gamWvirvaloba da aradamakmayofilebeli angariSvaldebuleba gadasaxadebis gadamxdelebs aRar akmayofilebT. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom globaluri masStabis daxmarebaze moTxovna sul
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ufro izrdeba, misi moculoba ki ganuxrelad mcirdeba (marto bolo ori wlis ganmavlobaSi 12%-iT iklo), daxmarebis efeqturi da gamWvirvale gamoyeneba sul ufro aucilebeli xdeba. Sesabamisad, is mTavrobebi, romlebic TavianTi moqalaqeebisTvis angariSis Cabarebas saWirod ar miiCneven, savaraudod, am sakiTxSi mxardaWeris gareSe darCebian. sanam daxmarebis `keTili zraxva~ `valdebulebad~ gadaiqceva, donorebma kargad unda gamoikvlion saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis strategia da Seafason misi gegmebi humanitaruli da qveynis aRsadgenad gamoyofili daxmarebis gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT. donorebi aucileblad unda dainteresdnen, saqarTvelosTvis gaweuli daxmareba simSvidesa da stabilurobas Seuwyobs xels Tu, piriqiT, konfliqtebis politikurad mogvarebas xels SeuSlis da potenciur investorebs daafrTxobs. ruseTis mier afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis aRiareba kidev ufro metad arTulebs iZulebiT gadaadgi-
lebuli pirebis, repatriantebis da konfliqtis zonis mudmivi macxovreblebis problemis mogvarebas. Tumca, konfliqtiT moculi jgufebis reintegracia produqtiuli saqmianobis dasawyebad politikuri, ekonomikuri da socialuri stabilizaciis aucilebeli pirobaa. amitomac miiCnevs gaero, rom im qveynebSi, romlebic am problemasTan gamklavebas ver SeZleben, konfliqtebis ganaxlebis albaToba arsebobs. amitomac gasarkvevia, uwyobs ki xels saqarTvelos ganviTarebis modeli dinamikur da yovelmxriv zrdas, anu iseT zrdas, romelsac mosdevs produqtiuli investiciebi, inovaciuri meTodikebi da axali samuSao adgilebis masStaburi gaCena? saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi da amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis oficialuri pirebi udavod aRiareben saqarTvelos ueWvel warmatebas makroekonomikuri politikis da reformebis ganxorcielebaSi biznesklimatis gasaumjobeseblad. ucxoelma investorebma amas ukve upasuxes qveynis ekonomikaSi uzarmazari dabandebebiT. omamdel wlebSi kapitalis modinebam mSp-s 20% Seadgina, saqarTvelos ekonomikis zrdam 2007 wels 12%-s gadaaWarba, 2003 wlidan moyolebuli ki TiTqmis 40%-s miaRwia. magram mxolod swrafi zrda arasakmarisia. saqarTvelom ver Seqmna samuSao adgilebi, ver miaRwia saWiro dinamizmsa da socialur CarTulobas, rac mSvidobiani sazogadoebisTvis aucilebeli pirobaa. miuxedavad imisa, rom bolo dros sainvesticio nakadebma SedarebiT mravalferovani sferoebi moicva, maTi umetesoba mainc navTobsadenebisa da gazsadenebis mSeneblobas da sxva msxvil saerTaSoriso proeqtebs xmardeboda. garda amisa, 2003 wlidan moyolebuli saqarTvelos samxedro xarjebi qveynis mSp-s 1%-dan 7%-mde gaizarda, riTac mniSvnelovani resursebi daaklda adamianis potencialis ganviTarebis arasawarmoo investiciebs. umuSevrobis done maRalia, Semosavlebs Soris uTanasworoba gazrdilia, korufciac Zveleburad farTodaa modebuli, bolo wlebSi am mimarTulebiT mniSvnelovani Zvrebis miuxedavad.
foto REUTERS / fil makkarteni
oficialuri statistikuri monacemebis sapirispirod, romelTa mixedviTac, mosaxleobis mxolod erTi mesamedi cxovrobs siRaribis zRvars qvemoT, eqspertebi varaudoben, rom qalaqisa da soflis mosaxleobas Soris didi disbalansis pirobebSi, mosaxleobis daaxloebiT naxevari Raribad cxovrobs. saqarTvelosTvis aucilebelia iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebis problemis gadaWra infrastruqturis reabilitaciiT, maTTvis sacxovreblis da sxva servisebis micemiT, aseve iseTi samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis gziT, rac saSualebas miscems konfliqtiT dazaralebulebs, gaiumjobeson cxovreba. gaero-s ltolvilTa umaRlesi komisariatis prognoziT, im 127 aTasi iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli piridan, romelic samxreT oseTis krizisis dros gaCnda, 73 aTasi maleve ukan dabrundeba. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisis konfliqtebis Sedegad gaCenili 220 aTasi iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirisTvis afxazeTSi da samxreT oseTSi dabrunebis perspeqtiva sakmaod mcirea, saqarTvelos xelisuflebam aucileblad unda ipovos problemis gadaWris praqtikulad ganxorcielebadi da mudmivmoqmedi gadawyvetileba Tavisi qveynis mosaxleobis, daaxloebiT, 6%-sTvis.
imave dros kapitalis moZraoba, romelzec saqarTvelo didwilad aris damokidebuli, konfliqtis pirvelive dReebSi Sewyda. iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa problemis mogvarebis gareSe, politikuri stabilurobis ganmtkicebisa da usafrTxoebisTvis yovelgvari Zalisxmeva ganwirulia. xolo stabilurobisa da usafrTxoebis gareSe, ver miiRweva savaluto fondis 750 milioni dolaris moculobis kreditis mizani, rac `sagareo dafinansebis droebiTi deficitis gadafarvas~ da `bazrebis da investorebis ndobis SenarCunebas~ gulisxmobs. dRevandeli umTavresi sirTule saqarTvelos daxmarebis paketis gadaxedvaa im saxiT, rom is orientirebuli iyos upirvelesad àRdgenis daxmarebaze~, rac Tavis mxriv miizidavs investiciebs da gazrdis mosaxleobis dasaqmebis dones. `humanitarul daxmarebaze~ uaris Tqma ar Rirs, Tumca, is unda ganixilebodes rogorc daxmareba, romelic moaxdens ufro metad moxmarebis da ara investiciebis stimulirebas, rac iwvevs fasobriv disproporciebs da aferxebs samuSao adgilebis Seqmnas. amitomac, saqarTvelo pirvelive SesaZleblobisTanave unda mowydes humanitaruli daxmarebis `ZuZuTi kvebas~. àRdgenis daxmareba~ infrastruqturis gaumjobesebiT, axali kompa-
niebis amoqmedebiT, mikro da mcire sawarmoebis, momsaxurebis sferos, samTo mopovebis da sxva seqtorebis reaqtivaciiT, aseve agraruli mosavlis da irigaciis gaumjobesebiT dauyovnebliv unda daiwyos da saerTaSoriso daxmarebis sakvanZo sakiTxebad iqces. Caurevlobis politika ki amas ver uzrunvelyofs. saqarTvelos mTavroba da donorebi daxmarebas unda ganixilavdnen rogorc kerZo sawarmoebis subsidirebis instruments, raTa waxalisdes da gaiafdes ltolvilebis dasasaqmeblad aucilebeli samuSao adgilebis Seqmna. dinamiuri da yovelmxrivi zrdis gareSe, stabiluri mSvidoba iluziad darCeba. dRevandeli detaluri Semowmebebis da auracxeli saWiroebis pirobebSi ki, donorebze sul ufro metad gaizrdeba wnexi, raTa maT gaamarTlon is masStaburi finansuri daxmareba, romlis aRmoCenasac apireben.
edmund felpsi - kolumbiis universitetis kapitalizmis da sazogadoebis Semswavleli centris direqtori, nobelis premiis laureati ekonomikaSi 2006 wels. graciana del kastilio - kolumbiis universitetis kapitalizmis da sazogadoebis Semswavleli centris direqtoris moadgile, avtori wignisa `qveynebis aRdgena SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis Semdeg~.
sazogadoeba
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qarTuli kinos finansuri SeRavaTebi
gadasaRebi moedani saqarTvelo

Tamar babuaZe, salome alania
foto niko tarielaSvili
ramdenad esadageba ambiciebi realobas? qarTuli kinoindustria gadarCenis gzebs eZebs.
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stiven spilbergma Tavisi blokbasteris `miunxenis~ ZiriTadi nawili 2005 wels holivudis ZviradRirebul superstudiaSi ki ara, ungreTSi gadaiRo. iqve gakeTda dominik senas axali filmis nawilic, romelSic nikolas keiji TamaSobs. oqtomberSi ungreTSi gadaRebebs ridli skoti asrulebs. did gadasaReb moednad iqca serbeTic, sadac wels Tavisi kinoproeqtiT ralf fainsi Cava. msxvilbiujetiani ucxouri proeqtebis bumi aRmosavleT evropaSi ramdenime wlis win, erTi efeqturi kombinaciis Sedegad atyda: am regionma msoflios daintereseba kino warmoebisTvis gamoyofili finansuri SeRavaTebiT, iafi da profesionali muSaxeliT, didi studiebis kompleqsebiT da stabiluri politikuri garemos saSualebiT moaxerxa. `geografiuli TvalsazrisiT, axla Cveni jeri modis da gvinda, rom process mzad davxvdeT~, _ ambobs saqarTvelos kinematografiis erovnuli centris direqtori, kote ClaiZe. yvelaze ufro konkretuli iniciativa, romelic kulturis saministrom, kinocentrma da kinostudia `qarTulma filmma~ dRemde warmoadgines _ àgresiuli da dinamikuri~ finansuri SeRavaTebis sqemaa. am sqemis mixedviT, saqarTveloSi kinogadaRebebze daxarjul minimum 500 aTas dolarze ucxoel prodiuserebs Tanxis 25 procenti ukan daubrundebaT, qarTveli prodiuserebi ki minimum 100 aTas dolarze miiReben imave SeRavaTs. qarTvelebi fiqroben, rom es SeRavaTebi, kargi gagebiT, `satyuara~ aRmoCndeba holivudisTvis da imedi aqvT, rom prodiuserebi im aTeulobiT miliard dolars, romelsac, magaliTad, yovelwliurad ungreTSi toveben, momavalSi saqarTveloSi daxarjaven. Tumca, ra unda SesTavazos saqarTvelom holivudel prodiuserebs imaze meti, vidre maT sxva qveynebSi ukve miiRes? rodesac ungreTSi, 2007 wels, iseTi xarisxisa da zomis xmis Camweri pavilioni ar aRmoCnda, rogoric prodiuser dino de laurentiss sWirdeboda, filmi Hannibal Rising, budapeStis nacvlad, litvaSi gadaiRo. Tu cnobilma prodiuserma ungreTSi erTi specifikuri pavilionis arqona ver aitana, saqarTveloSi xelisSemSleli faqtorebis Camoweras is usasrulod SeZlebda. avtoritetuli britaneli sakonsultacio jgufis BOP Consulting-is eqspertebma, romelTac kinocentrma seqtoris kvleva SeukveTa, qarTul kinoindus46
trias konkretuli diagnozi dausves: qarTuli kinos `RirebulebiTi jaWvi~ yvela etapze `ganviTarebis zRvars qveviTaa~. RirebulebiT jaWvs britanelebi eZaxian kinowarmoebis etapebis erTobliobas, romelic Sedgeba _ scenaris dawerisa da damuSavebis, gadaRebis, damontaJebis da gayidva-distribuciisgan. isini amboben, rom am jaWvis ganviTarebaze zrunvis gareSe `mxolod finansuri SeRavaTebi da kreditebi cocxal kinokulturas ver Seqmnis~. amitomac askvnis finansuri SeRavaTebis sqemis konsultanti, martin kafi, rom miznis misaRwevad saqarTvelos ufro meti Zalisxmeva dasWirdeba, vidre imave ungreTs dasWirda finansuri SeRavaTebis SemoRebisas. gazeT `24 saaTTan~ interviuSi, sadac ministri nika rurua qarTuli kinos perspeqtivebze saubrobda, ganacxada, rom agvistoSi saqarTveloSi `dobermanis~ reJisori ian koeneni da misi dokumenturi filmis mTxrobeli Seron stouni Camodian. reJisorma gamoTqva survili, dalai lamaze filmi svaneTSi gadaiRos. ministri ambobs, rom agvistoSi kinoproeqtiT Camodis xavier bardemic. saqarTveloSi kinos gadaReba erTdroulad ramdenime ucxoelma prodiuserma romc moindomos, aRmoCndeba, rom orze meti kvalificiuri qarTuli gadamRebi jgufis Sekvra SeuZlebeli iqneba. nikolas keijis films ungreTSi 230-kaciani jgufi iRebda, maTgan 130ze meti ungreli iyo. 3-4 aseTi jgufi ungreTSi sxvadasxva proeqtze paralelurad muSaobda. swored es aris aRmosavleT evropis kinoindustriis ganviTarebis erT-erTi mamoZravebeli faqtori. reJisori giorgi ovaSvili ambobs, rom film `gaRma napirze~ muSaobisas `yvelaze didi dro, energia da nervebi kargi gadamRebi jgufis Sekvram waiRo. raRac momentSi megona, rom CixSi Sevedi~. saboloo jamSi, `gaRma napiri~ iranul-qarTulma jgufma gadaiRo. `kargi gadamRebi jgufis Sekvra~, rogorc wesi, specifikuri codnis mqone personaliT xdeba. kinojgufis Seucvleli nawilia butafori, dekoratori, vizaJisti, piroteqnikosi, Tundac scenaris gangrZobadobis koordinatori. CvenTan am specialobis zusti Targmanic ki ar arsebobs, radgan saerTod ar
arsebobs msgavsi kadri. adamiani, romelic izrunebs imaze, rom dRes dawyebuli scenis xval gagrZelebisas yavis finjani zustad ise idos, rogorc guSin, _ ambobs reJisori zaza rusaZe. rodesac qarTvelebs ekiTxebian, _ dagvaxvedrebT Tu ara reJisoris pirvel asistents, _ pasuxoben, rom _ ki. arada, saqarTveloSi am profesiis mxolod isev sabWouri gageba arsebobs da ar ician, rom dasavlur modelSi pirveli asistentia is, vinc uSualod gadaRebis process uZRveba. aseTi unar-Cvevebis profesionalis moZebna saqarTveloSi Zalian rTulia, radgan CvenTan am da sxva saWiro specialobebis fakultetebic ar arsebobs~, _ amatebs reJisori. kanSi gamarTul prezentaciaze, sadac qarTulma delegaciam msoflio kinos yuradRebis mipyroba scada, ministrma nika ruruam prezidentis werili waikiTxa. saqarTvelos, rogorc gadasaRebi moednis reklamirebas mixeil saakaSvili imiT cdilobda, rom amtkicebda _ `Cveni qveyana, xalxi quCis mxvetaviT dawyebuli da saswrafos eqimiTa da jariskaciT damTavrebuli, seriozul proeqtebze iqneba orientirebuli~. jobda, ministrs am gulubryvilo argumentebze yuradReba saerTod ar gaemaxvilebina. finansuri SeRavaTebis gegma gacilebiT saqmiani winadadeba iyo. ucxoel prodiuserebs praqtikuli informacia ainteresebT. magaliTad, ramdeni metri aSorebs romelime xeobaSi mowyobil gadasaReb moedans uaxloes eleqtrogadamcem boZamde; anda scalia Tu ara dasaxelebul vadebSi kvalificiur kinomxatvarTa jgufs, romelic, vTqvaT, borjomis xeobaSi Suasaukuneebis stilis cixe-simagris maketis aSenebas SeZlebs. `holandiur-frangul-qarTul koproduqciaze vmuSaobdi, films daviT garejSi viRebdiT. imis gamo, rom erT rigiT holandiel msaxiobs kontraqtSi ewera, garejSi sapirfareSos aSeneba mogvixda. amitom gaTvla mxolod imaze, rom Seron stouni svaneTSi gadaRebebisTvis mxolod 25- procentiani SeRavaTis gamo Camova _ arasworia~, _ aRniSnavs zaza rusaZe. oTxi wlis win, ungreTSi amerikis savaWro palatis gamocema Business Hungary werda, rom kinoindustriaSi mniSvnelovani winsvlis miuxedavad, ungreTi regionSi gamarjvebuli mainc ver gaxda. aRmosavleT evropaSi saukeTesod iTvleba barandovis studia, romelic praliberali ivlisi-agvisto #6 2009
RaSi mdebareobs, rumineTsac ungreTze ufro Tanamedrove da gamarTuli studiebi aqvs, konkurencia izrdeba baltiispireTis qveynebis mxridanac. horizontze ki yofili iugoslaviis qveynebi Cndebian. Tumca, am mdgomareobas, _ aRniSnulia publikaciaSi, _ male gamoasworebs ori superstudia, romelic budapeStTan axlos aSendeba, erT-erT maTgans ki Tavisi kinoskolac eqneba. es ori studia ori damatebiTi mizezi iqneba britaneli da amerikeli prodiuserebisTvis, rom filmebi ungreTSi gadaiRon.
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nabijic. maT Sorisaa: kvalificiuri kadrebis momzadeba da mravalferovani profesiuli momsaxurebis SeTavazeba, kinoarqivis mowesrigeba, saavtoro uflebebis Camoyalibeba, gadasaRebi moednebis katalogizireba, studiuri infrastruqturis Seqmna, kinos sadistribucio sistemis daxvewa da damatebiTi dafinansebis wyaroebis mopoveba. kinocentrSi amboben, rom gegmis pirveli monaxazi agvistos Sua ricxvebSi iqneba mzad. martin kafi aRniSnavs, rom mTavaria, kinoSi ekonomikuri aqtivoba daiwyos.
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li kompaniebi kinogadaRebebSi fuls uiSviaTes SemTxvevebSi deben, erTaderTi saxelmwifo fondi ki, romelic kinos finansurad exmareba, saqarTvelos kinematografiis erovnuli centria. kinocentris wlevandeli biujeti 2 milioni laria. es Tanxa administraciul da sxva saxis xarjebsac moicavs; anu, kinocentrs Tavisi jibidan bolomde erTi srulmetraJiani mxatvruli filmis dafinansebac ki ar SeuZlia. amitom 2008 wels gadaRebuli 6 filmi saqarTvelosTvis rekorduli maCvenebeli iyo. zaza rusaZe miiCnevs, rom finansuri SeRava-
01, 03 / `saxli sixarulisa~, gadasaRebi moedani. reJisori merab kokoCaSvili, kinostudis `damoukidebeli kinoproeqti 02 / `rusuli samkuTxedi~, gadasaRebi moedani. reJisori aleko cabaZe, kinostudis `damoukidebeli kinoproeqti
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foto 01, 03 irina abJandaZe 02 rusudan gafrindaSvili
rodesac ungruli Jurnali am prognozebs akeTebda, mis horizontze jerac ar Canda saqarTvelo, rogorc potenciurad saSiSi konkurenti. `Cveni dRevandeli mdgomareoba frontis xazs hgavs da TiToeul monakveTze win nel-nela unda waviwioT~, _ ambobs kinocentris direqtoris moadgile, goCa JorJoliani. ivnisSi kinocentrSi specialuri komisia Seiqmna, romelmac qarTuli kinos ganviTarebis strategiuli gegma unda daweros. swored am gegmaSi unda iyos aRwerili mTeli `fronti~ da mis TiToeul xazze dagegmili TiToeuli
ekonomikuri gaTvlebiT ki, pirvel rigSi, infrastruqtura _ gzebi, sastumroebis qseli da sxva industriebi ganviTardeba. Cveni pirveli mizani saerTaSoriso kinoproeqtebis mozidva da rac SeiZleba met erTobliv kinoproduqtze muSaobaa. amitom aris, rom axali gegma mxolod 25-procentian waxalisebas iTvaliswinebs da ara arsebuli kinogadasaxadebis Semsubuqebas. dRes filmis gadaReba saqarTveloSi iseve ibegreba, rogorc ludis anda Zexvis warmoeba. kinomwarmoeblebi ixdian saSemosavlo, qonebis, mogebis gadasaxadebsa da dRg-s. es im fonze, roca msxvi-
Tebis paketi kinosTvis dRes moqmed gadasaxadebTan erTad saerTo konteqstSi unda ganixilon. Tuki kino kvlavac daibegreba Tundac mogebis gadasaxadiT, 25-procentiani waxaliseba alogikuri xdeba. `Tu xelSewyoba ar iqneba, Tuki, mec da fqvilis Semomtansac erTnairi kvotebi gveqneba, es arasworia~, _ acxadebs prodiuseri levan korinTelic. Tumca, arian prodiuserebi, romlebic fiqroben, rom 25-procentiani SeRavaTic saqmea. `sul arafers esec jobs, _ acxadebs `taoprivatbankis~ direqtorTa sabWos Tavmjdomare da kinoprodiuseri, kaxa ugulava, _ ai, axla vamTavrebT levan TuTberiZis films I love you, Baby. filmis biujeti 1 milioni laria da dasamTavreblad zustad imdeni gvakldeba, rasac 25-procentiani waxalisebis SemTxvevaSi ukan dagvibrunebdnen~. finansuri SeRavaTebiT qarTuli kinoindustriis garkveulwilad gamococxleba SesaZlebelia. 25-procentiani waxaliseba _ es kargi da ukve gamocdili xerxia. Tumca, sferoSi iseTi usistemoba da uZraobaa, rom Tu mas sxva konkretuli gegmebic ar mohyveba, isev `qarTul kinos aswliani istoriT~ Tu viamayebT.
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ganaTlebis reforma
pedagogebi cvlilebebis molodinSi

>> Tamar RonRaZe
maswavleblebi sertificirebisTvis mzadebas iwyeben, magram jerjerobiT gaurkvevelia, moaxdens Tu ara gavlenas sertifikati xelfasis odenobaze. saskolo reformas qveynis yvela regionis sajaro skola ganaTlebis axal standartze unda gadaeyvana. pedagogebs ki, romlebsac siaxleebi unda daenergaT, didwilad enTuziazmiT uwevT muSaoba. raki saxelmwifo ver axerxebs maTi Sromis Sesabamis anazRaurebas, cdilobs, ar gaaRizianos maswavlebelTa 70-aTasiani eleqtorati da reformis kurss amartivebs. magaliTad, wels erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi Setanili cvlilebebiT, gauqmebulia sabunebismetyvelo sagnebis trimestruli swavleba. me-7-8 klasebSi aRarc sazogadoebrivi mecnierebebi iswavleba integrirebulad. Tavis droze ki es novatoruli sistema, romelic bevri maswavleblisTvis gamowvevad iqca, imitom dainerga, rom bavSvi koncentrirebuli iyo erT saganze da ara samze erTdroulad. im soflebSi ki, sadac kadrebis deficitia, SesaZlebeli iyo erT maswavlebels erTi trimestri eswavlebina erT skolaSi, da danarCeni sxva skolebSi. ganaTlebis saministrom erTi wliT gadado pedagogTa sertificirebac da motivad isev maswavlebelTa moTxovna daasaxela, romelTac sasertifikacio gamocdebis mosamzadeblad meti dro sWirdebodaT. maTive dasaxmareblad saministrom gadawyvita, daafinansos gamocdebisTvis maswavlebelTa mosamzadebeli kursebi. programebis akreditaciis sabWom ukve daamtkica im programebis pirveli nawili, romelTa saSualebiTac pedagogebs ukve SeuZliaT, kvalifikacia aimaRlon, paralelurad ki, sasertifikacio gamocdebisTvis moemzadon, romlebic 2010 wels daiwyeba da 2014 wlamde Ca48
tardeba. gaisad gamocdebi gaimarTeba qarTulis, maTematikis, inglisuris, frangulis, germanulisa da rusulis pedagogebisTvis. specialobis garda, isini Caabareben profesiul unarebsac. Tuki 2014 wlisaTvis moqmed maswavlebels ar eqneba sertifikati, mas maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri maswavleblobis uflebas CamoarTmevs. sertifikati kvalifikaciurobis mowmobaa, magram jerjerobiT ar aris garkveuli, moaxdens Tu ara is gavlenas am mowmobis mqone pedagogis xelfasze. dRes maswavleblis sabaziso xelfasi gamoiTvleba gamocdilebis, staJisa da xarisxis mixedviT da Tanxa 150-380 laris farglebSi meryeobs. pedagogisTvis ki gaugebaria, rodesac is TveSi 60 saaTs muSaobs, ratom iRebs mxolod 15 saaTis Sesabamis xelfass. am etapze mTavrobaSi ganixilaven sertificirebuli maswavleblebis waxalisebis sakiTxs. maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centrSi acxadeben, rom `didia survili, waxaliseba iyos xelfasiT gamoxatuli~. Tumca, am etapze mTavrobis `did survilze~ metad konkretuli araferia cnobili. swored am gaurkvevlobis gamo, maswavlebelTa did nawils miaCnia, rom lodini ar Rirs _ vidre saxelmwifo maT socialur moTxovnebs ar daakmayofilebs, pedagogebma uari unda Tqvan sertificirebaze. maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centris mier Catarebuli 4000 pedagogis gamokiTxviT, maswavleblis saSualo xelfasi 760 lari unda iyos. msgavsi gamokvleva Caatares pedagogTa da mecnierTa Tavisufal profkavSirSic da iq damwyebi pedagogis saSualo xelfasis sasurvelma odenobam 920 lari Seadgina. am gamokiTxvis safuZvelze, saeWvoa, maswavlebelTa socialuri ukmayofileba
srulad daacxros cnobam imis Sesaxeb, rom prezidentis gancxadebis safuZvelze, sabaziso xelfasis gazrda seqtembridan yvela maswavleblisTvis 25 procentiTaa mosalodneli, xolo damrigeblebis xelfasisa _ 100 lariT. Tumca, isic faqtia, rom pedagogTa xelfasebi etapobrivad da umniSvnelod, magram mainc izrdeba. es ki, savaraudod, sertificirebis winaaRmdeg momavali wlisTvis Cafiqrebul boikots CaSlis. skolebis sabiujeto sqema _ es meore sakiTxia, romelic pedagogTa ukmayofilebis mizezi xdeba. uamravi maswavlebelia CarTuli proeqtebSi, romelTa saSualebiTac skolebma SeZles materialur-teqnikuri baza odnav gaeumjobesebinaT. skolis direqtorebi ki ver axerxeben pedagogTa umniSvnelo premirebasac ki. skolis mTeli biujeti xelfasebsa da gaZvirebul komunalur gadasaxadebs xmardeba. maswavleblebi, erTi mxriv, aRiareben, rom reformamdel periodTan SedarebiT, dRes skolaSi muSaoba ufro saintereso gaxda. maT meti Tavisufleba aqvT, SemoqmedebiTad dagegmon gakveTilebi da moswavleTa dainteresebac mravalferovani xerxebiT scadon. maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centris kvlevebis mixedviT, dRes moqmedi pedagogebis umravlesoba sakuTar profesiaze uaris Tqmas arc im SemTxvevaSi apirebs, Tuki maT sxva, ukeTesanazRaurebad samsaxurs SesTavazeben. Tumca, meore mxriv, Zalian cotani arian isini, visac momavalSi surs maswavlebloba. maRalmTiani regionebis skolebSi kadrebis misazidad maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri axorcielebs axal proeqts àswavle saqarTvelosTvis~. ukve SerCeuli 50 pedagogi, dadgenili xelfasis garda, yovelTviurad damatebiT 250 larsac miiRebs. aSkaraa, rom ganaTlebis saministros calkeuli iniciativebi problemis gadaWriskenaa mimarTuli, magram erTjeradi waxalisebebiT Zveli sistemis fundamenturi Secvla kvlav Soreul perspeqtivad rCeba; miT ufro, im fonze, rom danarCen postsabWoTa respublikebTan SedarebiT, ganaTlebis sistemis yvelaze mcire biujeti saqarTvelos aqvs.
Tvalsazrisi
mieciT sazogadoebas Sansi

sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis depolitizaciis procesi momavlisTvis ar unda gadaidos.
ninia kakabaZe Jurnalisti
ninia kakabaZe
mixeil saakaSvilma 20 ivliss saqarTvelos parlamentSi sakuTari favoritebis dasacavad. kidev ufro efeqturi medias-Tan dakavSirebiT aseTi gancxadeba gaakeTa: `Seicva- iqneboda maTi teqnikuri da samauwyeblo SesaZleblobelos sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis wesi. kerZod, cxrawevrian bis gaTanabrebac. amaSi sagangaSo araferia. magram ratom sabWoSi oTxi daniSnos xelisuflebam, oTxi _ opoziciam, vukargavT Sanss sazogadoebis im nawils, romelsac ara xolo erTi `gadamwyveti xma~ samoqalaqo sazogadoebis partiuli interesebi, aramed erTaderTi ram amoZravebs warmomadgenel wevrs mieniWos. TandaTan ki unda wavideT _ sazogadoebrivma televiziam Seasrulos obieqturad am organizaciis depolitizaciisken, CavrToT samoqala- informirebis, samoqalaqo cnobierebis amaRlebis, ganaqo seqtori gadamwyveti xmiT da gavafarTovoT am sabWos Tlebis da Semecnebis funqcia? ra saWiroa sameTvalyufunqciebi. es cvlilebebi Cven unda miviRoT uaxloes 90 reo sabWos ZiriTadad partiuli niSniT dakompleqteba da misi depolitizirebis procesis momavlisTvis gadadeba, dReSi~. mesmis skeptikosebis safuZvliani eWvi, rom mixeil sa- Tuki axlave SegviZlia amis gakeTeba? Tuki sabWos wevrebi akaSvilis mier warmoTqmuli sityvebi araferia, carieli politikosTa interesebis lobirebas daiwyeben, vin daicavs sazogadoebis im nawilis insityvebis garda. sazogadoebrivi teress, romelsac sazogadoebrivi televiziis depolitizaciis neba ra saWiroa televiziisgan ar surs politikuim SemTxvevaSi gaCndeba, Tuki Cven, ri brZolis iaraRis Seqmna? sxva, sazogadoeba, romelic am telearsameTvalyureo kerZo nacionaluri mauwyeblebisxis mflobelia, amas moiTxovs. sasabWos ZiriTadad gan gansxvavebiT, am televizias qarTvelos prezidentis sityvebi partiuli niSniT yovelTvis erTi ram axasiaTebs _ CvenTvis unda gaxdes brZolis stixelisuflebis cvlasTan erTad muli; vimsjeloT da vilaparakoT, dakompleqteba is qveynis mmarTveli politikuri rogor unda iqces `pirveli arxi~ da misi gundis daqvemdebarebaSi gadadis. sazogadoebriv arxad. yovelTvis, depolitizirebis sainformacio politikas icvlian rodesac amis saSualeba mogvecema, `rusTavi 2~, ìmedi~... sazogadoebrivcadoT da gamoviyenoT Sansi Seprocesis vi mauwyebeli ki yovelTvis `pirvel degisTvis da ar mxolod brZolismomavlisTvis (saxelisuflebo) arxad~ rCeba. nuTvis, rogorc es aqamde xdeboda. gadadeba, Tuki gzar fofxaZisa da zaza Sengelias sazogadoebrivi arxis marTvis gavlena isev igrZnoba am arxis dereprezidentis mier SemoTavazebuli axlave SegviZlia fnebsa Tu eTerSi. miuxedavad uamrasqema aseTia: sameTvalyureo sabWos amis gakeTeba? vi xarvezisa, Tamar kinwuraSvilis partiuli niSniT dakompleqteba, droindeli televizia sazogadoedaculi pariteti oTxi-oTxze da erTi sazogadoebis ndobiT aRWurvili wevri. mxolod amas briv televiziad Camoyalibebis ara, magram am gavlenebTan brZolis mcdeloba namdvilad iyo. mohyveba `fiqri~ arxis depolitizaciaze. ra miviReT 2 wlis win, rodesac sazogadoebrivi mauwyesaubari politikuri Tu partiuli niSniT sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis dakompleqtebaze niSnavs, rom mauwyeblis blis sameTvalyureo sabWo partiuli niSniT dakompleqtda sabWoSi xelisuflebisa da e.w. gaerTianebuli opoziciis da, xelisuflebisa da opoziciis SeTanxmebis safuZvelze, interesebis damcveli wevrebi unda Sevidnen. ratom? ra ka- levan yubaneiSvils da gia Wanturias Caabares arxis reorvSiri aqvs sazogadoebis kuTvnil televizias partiebTan?! ganizacia, reprezentacia? arxis dRevandeli socrealisdRevandel satalevizio mediaSi met-naklebad gaCnda turi vardisferi ekraniT arc xelisuflebaa kmayofili da ZalTa, anu interesTa balansirebis saSualeba. 2 saxe- arc opozicia. mTavaria, rom ukamayofiloa sazogadoeba. lisuflebo arxi (`rusTavi 2~, ìmedi~) da 2 opoziciu- swored amitom ar unda gadavdoT sazogadoebrivi arxis ri arxi (`kavkasia~ `maestro~) erTmaneTis winaaRmdeg da depolitizaciis procesi.
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xelisufleba aCqarebs direqtoris arCevas, rac dRevandel moce-mulobaSi daniSvnis tolfasi iqneba. logikuri iqneboda, avirCioT axali sabWo, romelsac sazogadoeba warmoadgens. sabWo, sadac yvela samoqalaqo segmentis interesi iqneba gaTvaliswinebuli. davakompleqtoT sabWo ara òrpartiuli~ paritetis mixedviT, aramed pluralisturi principiT. gasagebia, rom prezidentis winadadeba da principi, romelic arsebul da momaval sabWos udevs safuZvlad, politikuri umravlesobis interesebs iTvaliswinebs (xelisuflebis da opoziciis warmomadgenlebi da maTi momxreebi), magram demokratiis principi ar aris mxolod umravlesobis interesebis dacva. sazogadoebis yvela segmenti unda SeTanxmdes da TiToeulma maTganma unda warmoadginos Tavisi kandidati: politikuri umravlesobis warmomadgenlebis garda, sabWoSi unda Sevidnen religiuri, seqsualuri, eTnikuri umciresobebis, arasamTavrobo seqtoris warmomadgenlebi. Tuki demokratiis arsidan gamovalT, adekvaturi iqneba, TiToeuli am jgufis warmomadgenels erTi xma mivceT: demokratiuli da Tavisufali sazogadoeba, rac gvinda, rom viyoT, Rirebulebebze da ara am Rirebulebebis mxarda-
mWerebis da mowinaaRmdegeebis raodenobebze dayrdnobiT muSaobs. da Tuki gadawyvetileba ukve miRebulia da jer direqtoris arCevis sakiTxi dgas dRis wesrigSi, maSin sazogadoeba ufro metad unda CaerTos am procesSi. gaimarTos debatebi direqtorobis kandidatebs Soris. sabWos wevrebTan maTi gasaubreba gadaices pirdapir eTerSi. sazogadoebam unda icodes, vin rogor `Caabara gamocda~. am gasaubrebis pirdapir eTerSi gadacema process gamWvirvales gaxdis, sazogadoebas ki eWvebs gauqarwylebs. sazogadoebis CarTuloba pasuxismgeblobis amaRlebis Sanssac gaaCens. sazogadoebas ecodineba, rom ama Tu im kandidatis Tu sameTvalyureo sabWos wevris mxardaWeriT, is mis muSaobazecaa pasuxismgebeli. Cven aRar viqnebiT apaTiurebi, radgan viciT, rom Cven magivrad gadawyvetilebas politikuri Zalebi iReben. politikosebma _ xelisuflebam da opoziciamac _ sazogadoebas saSualeba unda miscen, Tavad CaerTos arxis mSeneblobaSi da amiT igrZnos Tavisi wili pasuxismgeblobac. sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis depolitizaciis procesi ar unda gadavdoT da gamoviyenoT es Sansi dRes!
kritika
rkinis fardis miRma

>> giorgi cxadaia
gamofena, `gaxseni rkinis farda~, romelic globaluri konteqstis matarebeli unda gamxdariyo, emociuri Sedarebebis gamo, nacionalur konteqstSi Caiketa 2009 wlis 22 ivniss Tbilisis ipodromis teritoriaze gaixsna konceptualuri fotogamofena `gaxseni rkinis farda,~ romelic berlinis
kedlis dangrevis 20 wlisTavs mieZRvna. am gamofenaze qarTveli da ucxoeli fotografebis namuSevrebi erTma ideam Sekra _ warmosaxviTi Tu realuri gamyofi kedlebis arseboba. kedlebi msoflio sazogadoebas or nawilad _ Tavisufal da araTavisufal samyarod hyofs. es idea qarTuli postsabWoTa nacionaluri nara-
tivisTvis Tavidanve Tvalwarmtacia: saqarTvelo xom Tavs civilizebuli samyaros nawilad Tvlis, sabWoTa totalitaruli imperiisgan gaTavisuflebul, damoukidebel respublikad, romelic dasavlur politikur da kulturul sivrceSi gaerTianebisken miiswrafvis. qarTuli nacionaluri proeqtis mTavari Tavisebureba swored mis postsabWoTa mniSvnelobebSi ikveTeba. saqarTvelo, iseve, rogorc postimperiuli sivrcis sxva qveynebi, sakuTar Tavs yofil metropoliasTan, ruseTTan mimarTebaSi ganixilaven. maTTvis damoukideblobisa da suverenobis ideebi didi batonisgan gaTavisuflebas ukavSirdeba. aqedan gamomdinare, ruseTTan konfliqtic swored Tavisuflebisa da monobis konteqstSi aRiqmeba. globaluri politikuri da ekonomikuri msoflmxedveloba, didi xania, rac orwverovani dayofebisgan daicala _ msoflio sul ufro metad multicentruli xdeba, Tumca 22 ivlisis gamofena 20 wlis winandel dayofebs kvlav ukan abrunebs. sinamdvileSi, qarTul-rusuli konfliqti ideologiebs Soris brZola ki ara, nacionalisturi ideebis gadakveTis
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wertilze warmoqmnili afeTqebaa. gamofena ki aRniSnul tragizms araswori kuTxiT udgeba. es sulac ar niSnavs imas, rom konfliqti rusuli imperiuli ambiciebisgan daclilia. piriqiT, am SemTxvevaSi ruseTis velikoderJavuli, nacionaluri ambiciebi mTeli Tavisi pompezurobiTaa warmodgenili, Tumca ara ideologiur, aramed erovnuli interesebis doneze. masTan saerTo enis gamonaxva gacilebiT ufro advilia, vidre ideologiur mterTan. es mxolod semantikuri gansxvaveba ar aris, aramed or gansxvavebul midgomas gamoxatavs _ moZvelebul, civi omis droindels da axals, multikulturuli da multinacionaluri msoflios Sesabamiss. saqarTveloSi es jer kidev ver aRiqves, radgan lokaluri nacionaluri proeqti, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, safuZvelSive Sedis im (post) sabWoTa ideebTan konfrontaciaSi, romelic dRes ruseTis arsebobasTan asocirdeba. berlinis kedeli daingra _ daiSala ideologiur sayrdenze aSenebuli uzarmazari imperia. amjerad saqarTvelosa da ruseTs Soris aRmarTuli kedeli rom davangrioT, ruseTis nacionaluri interesebi mainc darCeba. SeiZleba mniSvnelovnad Seicvalos, Tumca rusul nacionalistur proe-
dromze gamarTul instalaciaSi sivrciT-droiTi sazRvrebi waSlilia da orive movlena _ berlinis kedlis dacema, anu civi omis dasasruli, da 2009 wlis agvistos konfliqti erT konteqstSia Cadebuli. aqedan gamomdinare, fotoebis erT-erT serias `yalbi dasasruli~ hqvia, rac niSnavs imas, rom Tu agvistos omi da berlinis kedeli erTi istoriuli epoqis nawilia, dasasruli jer kidev ar gvinaxavs. erT fotoze aRbeWdilia bavSvi, romelic Tavisze umcrosis Tojinas fexs abijebs. es uTanasworo brZolis ideaa, Tumca sakiTxavia, romel epoqaSi? maSin, rodesac ori supersaxelmwifo ebrZoda erTmaneTs, Tu axla, roca ruseTi saqarTvelos Cagravs? ar mgonia, rom amerikasa da sabWoTa kavSirs Soris dapirispirebis ùTanasworo brZolad~ gamoxatva marTebuli iyos. es niSnavs imas, rom aq aqcenti ruseT-saqarTvelos konfliqtzea da is civi omis nawilad aris gasaRebuli. Tumca, paraleli agvistos omsa da civ oms Soris ufro emociuria, vidre argumentirebuli. emociurobas swored nacionaluri azrovnebis Tavisebureba badebs. movlenebs Soris gavlebuli paraleli rom emociuria da ara analitikuri, es gamofenis sxva mxareebze
`sikeTesa da borotebas Soris brZolas~ exeba, meore ki mraval interessa da Sexedulebas Soris morigebis process asaxavs. instalaciaSi agvistos omis simbolika civi omis konteqstSia CarTuli. magaliTad, stalinis suraTis fonze gamosaxuli qarTvelebi, sabWoTa arqiteqtura da gansakuTrebuli aqcenti `rkinaze~, rogorc rusuli velikoderJavuli ambiciebis maradiul aRmniSvnelze (`rkinis farda~, `foladis kaci~). kedlebic asociaciaTa am jaWvis Semkvreli rgolia. isini sazogadoebebs erTmaneTisgan aSorebs. ideologiurma art propagandamac didi roli SeiZleba iTamaSos. agvistos omis amsaxvel kadrebze qarTuli droSa mTavari politikuri simboloa, berlinis kedlis daSlasTan ki sabWoTa simbolika asocirdeba. aq naTlad Cans, rom erTgan nacionaluri konfliqtia aqtualuri, meoregan ki _ ideologiuri. miuxedavad amisa, gamofenis koncefcias es gansxvaveba meore planze gadaaqvs. mTavari adgili xom emociur Sedarebas ukavia. gamofenis avtorTa CanafiqrSi qarTuli sabWoTa simbolika, magaliTad, sabWoTa arqiteqturul nagebobze gamosaxuli qarTveli axalgazrdebi ufro met yuradRebas
qts ver gavanadgurebT, SesaZlebelia mxolod masTan molaparakeba da momgebiani Sedegis miRweva. gamofenaSi ki mxolod erTi gza rCeba: dangreva. gamofenaze kedlebis garkveuli monakveTebi agvistos omis movlenebis amsaxveli fotoebiTaa Sevsebuli. maT berlinis kedlis daSlis droindeli da Semdgomi simbolika cvlis. ipo52
dakvirvebidanac kargad Cans. magaliTad, berlinis kedlis daSlisadmi miZRvnil suraTze gamosaxulia amerikis prezidenti reigani da sabWoTa kavSiris lideri gorbaCovi, agvistos omis aRweraSi ki mravali saerTaSoriso piri figurirebs: nikola sarkozi, iap de hop sxeferi, jozef baideni, mixeil saakaSvili. pirveli SemTxveva
imsaxureben. aq imperia jer kidev cocxalia. gamofena, miuxedavad imisa, rom globaluri konteqstis matarebeli unda iyos, emociuri Sedarebebis fonze, Zlier nacionalistur mniSvnelobebs Seicavs. `gaxseni rkinis farda~ nacionaluri konteqstidan danaxuli msoflioa da ara _ piriqiT.
telekritika
umravlesobis zona
>> Tamar babuaZe
gogi gvaxarias `wiTeli zona~ aRmoCnda lakmusis qaRaldi, romelmac aCvena, rom sazogadoebas isev Zveli ùmravlesoba~ marTavs. rodesac xelmZRvaneli raRacas gTxovs, is gulisxmobs, rom amas aucileblad gaakeTeb. gadacema `wiTeli zonis~ avtors, gogi gvaxarias sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis direqtorma sTxova, eTerSi ar gaeSva 2001 wels Cawerili eka beriZis gadacemis kadrebi. Txovna exeboda saarqivo masalas, romelic sul sxva xelmZRvanelobis dros da, TiTqos, sul sxva saqarTvelos televiziis eTerSi gavida. im saqarTveloSi dRevandeli xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi Tavisufal sityvas parlamentis win mowyobil mitingebze icavdnen _ ori dRiT adre, `rusTavi 2~-is SenobaSi policiis SeWras aprotestebdnen da vadamdel saparlamento arCevnebs iTxovdnen. vinc `rusTavi 2~-is Senobaze reidis `brZaneba gasca, es misTvis politikuri suicidia~, _ emociurad acxadebda zurab Jvania. moskovidan im dRes dabrunebuli da mitingze pirdapir aeroportidan misuli saakaSvili ki mosaxleobas
axali saxalxo moZraobis dawyebas hpirdeboda. 2001 wlis noembris dReebSi erTmaneTze mniSvnelovani ambebi moxda. Tanamdebobis datovebis Sesaxeb gancxadebebi gaakeTes Sinagan saqmeTa ministrma kaxa TargamaZem, generalurma prokurorma gia mefariSvilma, uSiSroebis ministrma vaxtang quTaTelaZem. parlamentis Tavmjdomaris postidan gadadga zurab Jvaniac. SevardnaZe gadadgomaze uars ambobda: `mesmis, rom saWiroa saxelmwifos Seneba da problemebis gadaWra. amitomac ar davixurav quds da ar waval saxlSi~. prezidenti amatebda, _ `Tavisufal sityvas saqarTveloSi safrTxe ar emuqreba. is xelSeuxebelia~. im dReebma aCvena, rom RirebulebiTma veqtorma mimarTuleba kvlav icvala. SevardnaZe garemocvis uaxloesma wevrebma datoves. `mis arxs~ ki `marTvadi televizia~ uwodes. `pirveli arxis~ Jurnalistebi da xelmZRvaneli Seuracxyofilni darCnen imiT, rom braldebebs imaTgan ismendnen, vinc sul cota xnis win `pirveli arxis~ marTvaSi monawileobda. eka beriZis saavtoro gada-
cema saqmis garCevas hgavda. im dRes `ras fiqrobs xalxi~ CaiSala. gadacema mediis da politikosebis urTierTbraldebebad iqca. `komkavSireli~, `medrove~, _ ismoda erTmaneTis misamarTiT. braldebebi ki orive mxares TiTqmis Tanabrad esadageboda. orive mxares sakuTari Zveli Tu im wuTas gakeTebuli arCevani amZimebda. rva wlis Semdeg gadacema `wiTeli zonis~ avtorma es miviwyebuli saarqivo masala ùmravlesobis vnebebze" msjelobisTvis gamoiyena. gvaxariam gaixsena kadrebi, romelSic Canda, rogor viqceviT, rodesac Cven ukan koleqtivia, Tavisi Zlieri vnebebiT. es kadrebi imis ilustraciac iyo, rom establiSmentis Rirebulebebi dResac igivea. umravlesoba saqarTveloSi ar Secvlila. erTi mxriv, politikur tons da, meore mxriv, sazogadoebriv azrs isev gadacemaSi dapirispirebuli mxareebi gansazRvraven. `pirveli arxic~ nawilobriv Zveli gavlenebis tyveobaSi darCa. `manamde arasdros Camiyenebia arxis direqcia saqmis kursSi, axlac igives gakeTeba SemeZlo, Tumca mainteresebda, ramdenad korporatiuli darCa es media. aRmoCnda, rom marTali viyavi. rodesac klans da korporacias exebi, misi warmomadgenlebisTvis es usiamovnoa. rodesac Sens Tavs xedav konteqstSi, romlisac grcxvenia, Riziandebi~, _ ambobs gogi gvaxaria. saarqivo masalis eTerSi gaSveba `pirveli arxis~ memkvidris sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis xelmZRvanelma ar moindoma. levan yubaneiSvilma, romelic sxvebTan erTad im studiaSi ijda, am yvelafris Tavidan gaxseneba arxis Jurnalistebis mimarT arakolegialur saqcielad CaTvala. Tumca, gogi gvaxarias azriT, yubaneiSvilis replika kolegialobis niRabs amofarebuli klanur-korporatiuli azrovnebis Sedegia. `wiTelma zonam~ es korporatiuli sistema Seaferxa. dRes gaCnda Sansi, rom sazogadoebrivi mauwyebeli ùmravlesobis~ vnebas daupirispirdes.
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interviu
ra jobia demokratias?
levan roiniSvili
donald bodro jorj meisonis universitetis ekonomikis fakultetis dekani, profesori
orj meisonis universitetis ekonomikis fakultetis dekani, profesori donald bodro, Tavisufali universitetis mowveviT erTi kviris manZilze bakurianSi imyofeboda. vizitis mizezi gaxldaT Tavisufali universitetis mier organizebuli sazafxulo skola Temaze politikuri ekonomia globaluri finansuri krizisis pirobebSi~, romelSic donald bodro sxva profesorebTan da mkvlevarebTan erTad leqciebs kiTxulobda. 2001 wlidan profesori bodro jorj meisonis universitetis ekonomikis fakultetis dekania. manamde ki libertarianuli institutis, ekonomikuri ganaTlebis fondis~, prezidentis posti ekava. is flobs oburnis universitetis ekonomikis doqtoris xarisxs da virjiniis universitetis doqtoris xarisxs iurisprudenciaSi. misi statiebi ibeWdeba wamyvan gamocemebSi, romelTa Soris aris Wall Street Journal da The Washington Times.
liberali profesoro bodro, Tqven ambobT, rom demokratiis didi Tayvanismcemeli ar xarT. agvixseniT, ras gulisxmobT am moulodnel gancxadebaSi. mTavroba aucileblad demokratiulad unda iyos arCeuli, magram arc es aZlevs mas Cveni cxovrebis yvela sferoSi Carevis uflebas. ar iqneba swori, rom mTavrobam, Tundac demokratiis yvela principis dacviT, Cven magivrad gadawyvitos, ra feris tansacmeli CavicvaT, an romeli kerZi mivirTvaT diliT, anda sad davisvenoT yvelam erTad zafxul-
Si. amgvari gadawyvetilebebi TiToeulma moqalaqem piradad unda miiRos. aris sakiTxebi, romlebic mTavrobas ubralod ar exeba, imis miuxedavad, demokratiulia es mTavroba Tu avtoritaruli. ase rom, rodesac demokratias viwuneb, amiT avtoritarizms ar vamarTleb. piriqiT, avtoritaruli mTavroba demokratiulze bevrad uaresi fenomenia. me Sekvecili uflebamosilebis mqone mTavrobis momxre var. samwuxarod, Semcirebis nacvlad, mTavrobebis uflebebi ganuwyvetliv izrdeba da isinic yoveldRiurad ufro da ufro iWrebian Cvens pirad cxovrebaSi. swori iqneba, rom gadawyvetilebaTa umetesoba moqalaqeebma individualurad miiRon da ara koleqtiurad, Tundac demokratiis sruli dacviT.
liberali Tqven xSirad laparakobT demokratiis kidev erT naklze, romelsac amomrCevlis ganzrax arcodna~ daarqviT; raSi mdgomareobs da ramdenad mniSvnelovania es nakli? gadawyvetilebis koleqtiurad miReba marTlac warmoSobs kidev erT problemas: radgan arCevnebsa da referendumebSi asobiT aTasi adamiani monawileobs, arc erT konkretul adamians ar SeuZlia Sedegze realuri gavlenis moxdena. Sesabamisad, amomrCevelic mcire drosa da energias uTmobs kandidatebis platformis gacnobasa da analizs. amomrCevlis am savsebiT gaazrebul da gamarTlebul saqciels ganzrax arcodnas~ veZaxiT. Tqvenc xom SegeZloT am oTaxSi naTurebi dageTvalaT, magram tyuilad gairjebodiT,
radgan miRebuli informacia araviTar Sedegs ar mogitandaT. Tqven girCevniaT, dro da Zalisxmeva im saqmeebs moaxmaroT, romelTa Sedegic Tqven mier gaweuli Sromis pirdapirproporciulia. amomrCevelsac Zalian bevri iseTi saqme aqvs, samsaxursa Tu saxlSi, romelTa Sedegzec, arCevnebisagan gansxvavebiT, realuri gavlenis moxdena SeuZlia. politikosebs xSirad ukvirT, rom arCevnebze cota xalxi midis. ekonomistebs ki amomrCevelTa nebismieri raodenoba auxsnelad bevri eCvenebaT da kiTxvasac piriqiT svamen: ratom midis arCevnebze esoden bevri adamiani~? Tu Tqvens mkiTxvels am sakiTxis ufro Rrma ekonomikuri analizi daainteresebs, vurCevdi braian kaplanis brwyinvale wigns legenda racionalur amomrCevelze~ (Bryan Caplan, "The Myth of the Rational Voter").
liberali saarCevno ubanze gamocxadebul amomrCevels Tqven supermarketSi savaWrod misul myidvels adarebT. riTia gapirobebuli es ucnauri analogia? supermarketebis msgavsad, Tanamedrove mTavrobebic mosaxleobas uamrav produqtsa da momsaxurebas sTavazoben. magram Tu supermarketi myidvels produqtis cal-calke amorCevis saSualebas aZlevs, mTavroba mosaxleobas arCevanis gakeTebas mTlian saarCevno programebs Soris aiZulebs. amas axlave avxsni. Tu myidveli supermarketidan xorciT, ludiTa da namcxvriT gamova, Cans, mas TiToeuli es produqti moewona, xolo danarCeni produqcia an ar moewona, an liberali ivlisi-agvisto #6 2009
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eZvira. warmoidgineT, myidvels rom supermarketSi produqtiT savse ramdenime urika daxvedroda da mxolod am savse urikebs Soris SeZleboda arCevanis gakeTeba. aseT pirobebSi myidvels aucileblad mouwevda saxlSi mravali arasaWiro nivTis waReba, xolo misTvis saWiro zogierTi nivTi aucileblad romelime dawunebul urikaSi aRmoCndeboda. vaWrobis aseTi forma Zalian araefeqturi da arasasiamovno iqneboda. arada, swored am gegmiT uwevs moqmedeba amomrCevels saarCevno kabinaSi. saarCevno kandidatis programa swored aseT savse urikas hgavs, romelSic Tavmoyrilia dapirebebi gadasaxadebze, garemos dacvaze, biznesis regulirebaze, sagareo politikasa Tu Tavdacvaze _ sia usaSvelod grZelia. xmis micemisas amomrCeveli irCevs savse urikas, Tumca iSviaTad moswons iq Tavmoyrili yvela dapireba. arc gamarjvebul kandidats SeuZlia dabejiTebiT daaskvnas, konkretulad romeli dapirebis gamo dauWires mas mxari da romeli dapireba CaTvales asatan tvirTad. gamarjvebuls mxolod is Tu daamSvidebs, rom damarcxebulebic aranaklebi gamocanis winaSe dganan: verc damarcxebulebi arkveven, konkretulad ra dauwunes maT amomrCevlebma. am saarCevno gaugebrobisagan gansxvavebiT, supermarketebi advilad xvdebian, romelia momxmareblisTvis mosawoni produqti. aseTi produqti advili SesamCnevia, radgan is Taroebidan male qreba. gamodis, rom yoveldRiurad supermarketebi ufro samarTlian da efeqtur arCevnebs atareben, vidre mTavrobebi _ ramdenime weliwadSi erTxel, romelsac win xangrZlivi mosamzadebeli periodi da usaSvelod didi xarjebi uZRvis.
liberali profesoro, koleqtiur arCevanTan SedarebiT, piradi arCevanis upiratesoba kargad Cans Tqveni magaliTebidan. magram modiT, ufro rTuli magaliTi ganvixiloT: ramdenad SesaZlebelia kerZo seqtors mivandoT medikamentebis kontroli? liberali ivlisi-agvisto #6 2009
as weliwadze metia, rac am funqcias amerikaSi sakvebisa da wamlis administracia axorcielebs. me vTvli, rom es saxelmwifo dawesebuleba ara Tu ubralod usargeblo, aramed mavnec kia. mcdaria mosazreba, rom mTavrobis meTvalyureobis gareSe, adamianebi medikamentebs upasuxismgeblod daewafebian mxolod imitom, rom wamlis kolofze feradi dapirebebi weria. sinamdvileSi adamianebi iTvaliswineben mwarmoeblis reputacias, eqimis rCevas da damoukidebeli kvleviTi saagentoebis azrs. samive moTamaSem, romelic faqtobrivad momxmareblis mrCevelsac warmoadgens, ndoba patiosani da Tavdauzogavi SromiT unda moipovos aTwleulebis manZilze; saxelmwifo dawesebuleba ki daumsaxureblad xdeba monopoliuri mrCeveli, riTac xels uSlis medikamentebis xarisxis kontrolis kerZo infrastruqturis ganviTarebas. aseTi kerZo dawesebulebebi arseboben sxva industriebSi, sadac saxelmwifos ar aqvs monopolia xarisxis kontrolze. samTavrobo midgomas kidev erTi mniSvnelovani nakli aqvs. Tu kerZo saagento gamafrTxilebs, rom wamlis usafrTxoebis donea 50%, me mainc mrCeba am wamlis gaazrebulad miRebis ufleba. es ufleba gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, Tu xval daavadebisagan gardauvali sikvdili memuqreba. magram Tu wamlis usafrTxoeba ar moewona mTavrobas, maSin es wamali yvelasaTvis aikrZaleba da mec davkargav gadarCenis 50%-ian Sanss! es aSkara usamarTlobaa. gansxvavebulia aseve adamianebis damokidebuleba riskisadmi. zogi adamiani TviTmfrinavidan xtomiT Segnebulad da siamovnebiT erToba, zogi ki SedarebiT usafrTxo hobis _ wignebis kiTxvas amjobinebs. Tumca me piradad wignis moyvarulTa kategorias vekuTvni, veravis avukrZalav paraSutiT xtomasa da riskis dagemovnebas. da bolos, erTi adamianis riskisadmi tolerantobac SeiZleba Seicvalos drois ganmavlobaSi. am martivi magaliTebiTac ki naTelia, rom ar arsebobs riskis saerTo, yvelasTvis misaRebi
done _ Tumca mTavroba swored aseTi mcdari azris damkvidrebas cdilobs. sxvadasxva adamiani sxvadasxva garemoebaSi imyofeba da erTi gadawyvetileba, Tundac brZnuli, ver iqneba Tanabrad misaRebi 17 wlis ymawvilisTvisac da 95 wlis qalbatonisTvisac. maSin rogor unda ipovos mTavrobam usafrTxoebis is saerTo zRvari, romlis miRmac konkretuli wamali yvelasaTvis unda aikrZalos? swored es aris medikamentebis kontrolze saxelmwifo monopoliis mTavari problema.
liberali profesoro, neba momeciT, Sevajamo. Tqven mxars uWerT mcire mTavrobas Sekvecili uflebebiT; aseTi mTavrobis kompetenciis miRma darCenil sakiTxebs ki mosaxleoba individualurad, Tavisufali bazris garemoSi gadawyvets, da ara koleqtiurad, Tundac demokratiuli gziT? swored asea. magram aris erTi mniSvnelovani piroba, romlis gareSec es brwyinvale konstruqcia erTbaSad irRveva. es pirobaa damoukidebeli, korufciisagan Tavisufali, brZeni sasamarTlos arseboba. amiT kanonis udides mniSvnelobas minda gavusva xazi. magram me ar mwams xelovnurad Seqmnili kanonis, Tundac misi avtori demokrati iyos. kanoni xom im wesebis erTobliobaa, romlebmac adamianebs sakamaTo situaciaSi samarTlianobis gancda unda mianiWon. aseT kanons ki adamianebs xelovnurad Tavs ver moaxvev; aseT kanons ver gamoigoneb _ is unda aRmoaCino. Tuki amocana amgvaradaa dasmuli, mis gadasaWrelad mTavroba aRar gamodgeba; es amocana xelewifeba mxolod miukerZoebel, damoukidebel da brZen sasamarTlos. mTavrobam SeiZleba daafinansos sasamarTlos Senobebis ageba, magram ar unda Caerios am SenobebSi mimdinare kanonSemoqmedebiT procesSi. mTavrobas evaleba sasamarTlo ganaCenis aRsruleba, magram ekrZaleba am ganaCenis gamotanaSi Careva. swored aseTi samarTlis uzenaesobis pirobebSi aqvs azri yvelafers, rac aqamde giambeT.
55
wignebi enis triumfatori

malxaz xarbedia
A Life By Gerald Martin Gabriel Garca Mrquez
cxovreba jerald martini gabriel garsia markesi
daaxloebiT 10-12 wlis win Jurnal àrilis~ ofisSi erTi sasacilo foto mqonda gakruli. fotoze fidel kastro da gabriel garsia markesi iyvnen gamosaxuli. fotoze orives Sortebi acvia da orives raRac ucnaur flostebSi (Tu sandlebSi) aqvT fexebi wayofili. orive bednieria, erTi msoflios uniWieres mweralTan megobrobiT amayobs albaT, meores siamayis mizezTa CamoTvla ki Sors wagviyvanda, (erTxel, kastros kolumbiaSi stumrobisas markess Turme misi mcvelis funqciac ki ukisria). aseTi foto Semdegac araerTxel gadaiRes Zvelma megobrebma, xan sufrasTan, xan bunebis wiaRSi seirnobisas, xanac sportulebSi an oficialur Sexvedraze, Tumca uSualobiT am fotos verc erTi ver Seedreba. markess fidelis laqiasac uwodebdnen. magaliTisTvis, misi yofili megobari, Tanamedroveobis erT-erTi yvelaze gamorCeuli mwerali, mario vargas liosa (romelic memarjvene ideebiTac upirispirdeba markess) namdvilad ar iSurebda xolme amgvar Sedarebebs, gansakuTrebiT mas Semdeg, rac 1976 wels megobrebma gvarianad
56
iCxubes. maSin liosac da markesic ojaxebiT barselonaSi iyvnen Turme Casulebi. liosa viRac Sved lamazmans gadayria da ojaxidan wasula, markesebs ki, patriciasTvis, liosas meuRlisTvis rCeva miuciaT, _ gaeyare da qonebac gaiyaviTo. liosas male dauRwevia Tavi im qeraTmiani Svedi qalis xiblidan, dabrunebulze ki markesebis rCevis Sesaxebac gaugia meuRlisgan. amis gamo, liosas mamapapurad moudia Turme markesisTvis is Tavisi janiani marjvena (memarjvene tyuilad ki araa!) da Tvalic daulilavebia didi mwerlisTvis (sxvaTa Soris, arsebobs fotograf rodrigo moias ori fotosuraTi, sadac markess marcxena Tvali aqvs Calurjebuli). jerald martinis wignSi amaze aranakleb saintereso ambebia moTxrobili, sadac mwerlis genealogiidan da misi SemoqmedebiTi fesvebidan moyolebuli, auareba istorias amoikiTxavT. Tumca istoriebze Tu Worebze ufro mniSvnelovani mainc is aris, rom wignis avtori mwerlis Semoqmedebazec Zalze zust dakvirvebebs akeTebs da Tavdapirvel amocanad skandalur istoriebs ki ara, mwerlad Camoyalibebisa da ganviTarebis detalebs miiCnevs. markess Cveulebrivi bavSvoba hqonia, sxva mozardebiviT isic kiTxulobda diumas da aTas erT Rames, XVI_XVII saukuneebis espanur literaturas, Semdeg erT-erT prestiJul kolejSi swavlis stipendiac moupovebia, sadac ruben darios Semoqmedebas swavlobda. pirveli aRsaniSnavi TariRi ki markesis cxovrebaSi 1950 weli yofila, roca prustis, joisis, vulfisa da folkneris espanuri Targmanebis kiTxvaSi garTul 22 wlis axalgazrdas mtkiced gadauwyvetia mwerali gamxdariyo. martinis wignSi sakmaod damajerebel abzacebs amoikiTxavT markesis `magiur realizmzec~, romelic, misi azriT, espanuri li-
teraturis oqros xanas efuZneba. martinis sityviT, markesis `magiuri realizmi~ esaa gaprimitivebuli da gaxalxurebuli gongorizmi (igulisxmeba espanuri barokos yvelaze gamorCeuli poeti, luis de gongora) adgilobrivi sakmazebiTa da TemebiT. wignis avtoris azriT, markesis saukeTeso nawarmoebi `patriarqis Semodgomaa~. misi sityviT, esaa enis triumfi, romani, sadac mwerlis ostatoba warmoudgenel simaRleebs aRwevs. es nawarmoebi yvelanairi gagebiT tiranulia, igi mogviTxrobs tiraniaze, upirispirdeba enis tiranias da amgvari gabedulebiT tiraniviT marTavs mkiTxvels. jerald martini 17 wlis ganmavlobaSi ikvlevda markesis cxovrebas da nawerebs, man aseulobiT interviu aiRo mwerlisgan, misi megobrebisgan, sxva mwerlebisgan. wignSi detaluradaa gadmocemuli `gabos~ Jurnalisturi karieris, evropaSi mogzaurobis, Semdeg ki meqsikaSi gatarebuli wlebis Sesaxeb, sadac man `martoobis asi weli~ dawera. bevr rames SeityobT gviani periodis markesis Sesaxebac. am wlebis Sesaxeb gansakuTrebiT is adamianebi dainteresdebian, vinac ramdenjerme gamoitira gabo (wlebis win Cemi yuriT movismine, rogor mistiroda erTi `ganaTlebuli~ maRalCinosani markess, _ es ra kaci davkargeTo) da visac dRemde hgonia, rom peruSi argentinis elCis, vinme abel parentinis mier SeTxzuli teqsti-anderZi markess ekuTvnis. es mokle teqsti ase mTavrdeboda: `me amdeni ram viswavle Tqvengan, magram simarTle iTqvas, es codna verafers mSvelis, radganac yvelafer amiT aRvsili, me, samwuxarod, vkvdebi~. mas Semdeg 9 weli gavida da markesma daamtkica, rom igi sikvdils ar apirebs, Zveleburad wers da, rac mTavaria, Tavis biografebsac exmareba weraSi.

ლიბერალი, ივლისი 2009

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solidarobis dro

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