--

2 0 0 9

jnmqoejkej0hi
M.H. Eacaxon
H: 0anue nnmoe ,
ne pe pa6omannoe u 0ono:ne nnoe
o%%K,C%%2%"*,**==
www.phoenixbooks.ru
V]K 65.0a7
BBK 65.290-2(075)
KTK 09656
B 27
Penensen+. xanna+ connooinnecxnx nayx,
onen+ Poc+oncxoio iocyapc+nennoio ixonoxnnecxoio
ynnnepcn+e+a (PI3V) M. T. Be:oe
Eacaxon M. H.
E 27 Vnpanenne nepconaox . xoncnex+ exnn . nocone
a noio+onxn x ixsaxenax / M. H. Bacaxon. Hs.
5-e, onon. n nepepa. Poc+on n/] . dennxc, 2009.
154, [1] c. . n. (3ane+ n ixsaxen.)
ISBN 978-5-222-14827-3
B noconn n qopxe o+ne+on na nonpoci n nonox coo+-
ne+c+nnn c +peonannaxn iocyapc+nennoio opasona+einoio
c+anap+a n npoipaxxo no xypcy Vnpanenne nepconaox ns-
aiae+ca yneni xa+epna no annoxy npexe+y, oc+a+onni
a nosononenna snann npn noio+onxe x ixsaxenax.
Axnen+ cean na ocnonnix nona+nax npexe+a, npnnon+ca
c+pyx+ypa o+ne+on na +nnnnnie nonpoci, ncnoisyexie n ixsa-
xenannonnix ne+ax n ixonoxnnecxnx nysax n xoeax.
V]K 65.0a7
BBK 65.290-2(075)
ISBN 978-5-222-14827-3
Bacaxon M. H., 2008
Oqopxenne. OOO dennxc, 2008
www.phoenixbooks.ru
3
WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW
1
j=!%"=2%2%!=,=,,
%KA*2,3KA*23C!=",
1.

2.

1. Oprann:anna (ynpeenne, npenpna+ne, qnpxa) ca-
xopeiynpymmaaca connainaa cnc+exa, cosanaexaa cosna-
+eino mixn a oc+nenna omnx nee. K cymec+nen-
nix npnsnaxax opiannsannn xono o+nec+n ee neoc+noc+i,
nannne an+onoxnix no cnonx neax qynxnnonainix
coc+anammnx (nocnc+ex), necnonxoc+i ee cnoc+n xax
neoio x cyxxe cnoc+n ncex xoxnonen+on, nsanxoec+nne
c nnemne cpeo, nic+ynamme yconnex n oipannnennex
ee cymec+nonanna.
K iexen+ax opiannsannn
xax connaino cnc+exi o+no-
ca+ca ceymmne cx. pnc. 1.
Banemnxn qynxnnaxn,
ninonaexixn opiannsanne,
anam+ca nenenaa gynxnna
(xnccna opiannsannn), conn-
annno-nnverpavnnnaa n ynpan-
nenuecxaa gynxnnn. Hepnaa
qynxnna cnasana c oc+nennex
pesyi+a+on qynxnnonnponanna
Texno-
oina
Hei
C+pyx-
+ypa
dnnan-
ci
Vnpan-
enne
Hepco-
na
Pnc. 1
www.phoenixbooks.ru
4
opiannsannn, cxic n+opo, connaino-nn+eipa+nnno,
qynxnnn saxmnae+ca n +ox, n+o nocn+eex connainoio
ec+nna n opiannsannn anam+ca ee iexen+i cyex+i
connainoio ec+nna (mn, qopxainie n neqopxainie
ipynni me), opasymmne +pyono xoex+nn, +pe+ia yn-
panennecxaa qynxnna oecnennnae+ coxpanenne neoc+noc+n
+pyonoio xoex+nna, cna+ne nosxono connaino nanpa-
ennoc+n n paspemenne xonqnx+on, yone+nopenne pasno-
opasnix no+penoc+e pao+nnxon (n +ox nnce n omennn,
npnnaenoc+n x xoex+nny) n noepanne neoxonxoc+n
xopaino-ncnxooinnecxoio xoxqop+a.
Conoxynnoc+i ncex neonenecxnx pecypcon, xo+opixn o-
aae+ opiannsanna ee ianni pecypc, nasinam+ xapaxn,
nepconaox opiannsannn. Ceye+ seci oionopn+i, n+o oin-
no +epxnn neonenecxne pecypci npnxenam+ n o+nomennn
no+ennnainoio coc+ana pao+nnxon opiannsannn, +epxnni
xapi, nepcona n o+nomennn ee qax+nnecxoio coc+ana,
npn i+ox +epxnny nepcona o+ae+ca npenon+enne no cpan-
nennm c +epxnnox xapi, nocxoixy nocenn ynn+inae+ n
ocnonnox nmi cnoconoc+i neonexa x +pyy n ne ynn+inae+
n oc+a+onno xepe nnnoc+nie xanec+na pao+nnxa.
2. Vnpanennecxaa ea+einoc+i opiannsannn cnc+e-
xoopasymmn qax+op, oecnennnammn neoc+noe qynx-
nnonnponanne opiannsannn, ee coxpanenne n pasnn+ne. Bes
ynpanenna opiannsanna ne cymec+nye+. B cnc+exe ynpanenna
opiannsanne n cnasn co cnennqnnecxnxn qynxnnaxn ocoo
nieae+ca xaponaa ea+einoc+i ea+einoc+i, nxeny-
exaa ynpannennev nepconanov.
Ocnonno saane ynpanenna nepconaox anae+ca nano-
ee iqqex+nnnoe ncnoisonanne xac+epc+na n nosxonoc+e
pao+nnxon n coo+ne+c+nnn c neaxn opiannsannn, yne+ox
nanoee nonoio yone+nopenna nx cnoe pao+o, coxpane-
nna soponia n yc+anonenna xonc+pyx+nnnoio co+pynnnec+na
xey coo. Bano saane ynpanenna nepconaox npn
i+ox ceye+ cnn+a+i oecnenenne opiannsannn nicoxoxnan-
qnnnponannixn n sann+epeconannixn pao+nnxaxn.
www.phoenixbooks.ru
5
Cnc+exa ynpanenna nepconaox, +.e. cnc+exa+nsnpo-
nannoe n cosna+einoe oennenne me, ec+nymmnx n
onpeeennix neax, nxmnae+ n cea, xax ncaxaa cnc+exa
ynpanenna, cyex+ n oex+ ynpanenna.
Cy+exv ynpannenna conoxynnoc+i iexen+on cnc-
+exi, ocymec+nammnx neenoe nosec+nne na oex+
ynpanenna, i+o annapa+ ynpanenna, opiannsymmn n
xoopnnnpymmn +py ncnonn+ee. ]ea+einoc+i annapa+a
ynpanenna saxmnae+ca n +ox, n+oi onpeen+i, umo ea+i,
kak n n kakue cpoku. Cyex+ ynpanenna +axe xon+ponpye+
n onennnae+ xax caxn ec+nna, +ax n nx pesyi+a+i.
O+exv ynpannenna conoxynnoc+i iexen+on cnc+exi
(ncnonn+ee), oecnennnammnx oc+nenne noc+anennix
nee n coo+ne+c+nnn c nopxaxn n npannaxn, yc+anonen-
nixn cyex+ox ynpanenna n ec+nymmnx saxonoa+ei-
c+nox.
Cyex+ ynpanenna, noynaa nnqopxannm o xoe n pesyi-
+a+ax ynpanammeio nosec+nna, +.e. opa+no cnasn c oex-
+ox ynpanenna, xoppex+npye+ n nanpanae+ eio ec+nna o
noynenna neoxonxoio iqqex+a. Vnpanammee nosec+nne
cyex+a ynpanenna na oex+ ynpanenna xoe+ coc+oa+ica
+oixo n +ox cynae, ecn xey nnxn yc+anoneni o+nome-
nna ynpanenna pacnpeeeni nac+i, oasannoc+n, npana
n o+ne+c+nennoc+i, qopxnpymmne coo opiannsannonnym
c+pyx+ypy ynpanenna nepconaox.
Kapi n cnc+exe ynpanenna nepconaox n ono n +o e
npexa xoiy+ nic+yna+i n xax cyex+, xax n oex+ ynpan-
enna.
www.phoenixbooks.ru
6
WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW
2
p/%*2!3=%3=!2"=C%,2,*=
=2%2,
1.
2.

1. Pmnox vpypa cqepa qopxnponanna n peansannn cnpoca
n npeoenna paone cni. Hac+im pinxa +pya anae+ca
pinox paonnx xec+, nocxoixy sanac+ym nxee+ca cnpoc na
onpeeennoe paonee xec+o.
K xapax+epnix nep+ax pinxa +pya o+noca+ca ceymmne.
pinox +pya qynxnnonnpye+ xax no nnemne no o+-
nomennm x opiannsannn cpee, +ax n no nny+penne,
nocxoixy pao+oa+ei nonpae+ neoxonxix pa-
o+nnxon cpen ye sana+ix, xo+opie n cnom onepei
xoiy+ ncxa+i cee pyiym pao+y xax nny+pn, +ax n nne
anno opiannsannn,
pao+nnx, noc+ynnn na pao+y, ne y+pannnae+ npano
coc+nennoc+n na cnom paonym cny, on nmi npoae+
npano ee ncnoisonanna,
cnpoc n npeoenna paone cni sannca+ o+ xnoinx
qax+opon, qopxnpymmnxca nne pinxa +pya (nanpn-
xep, nnanne nnqopxannn o nooennn na pinxe
+pya, n p.).
Cnpoc na pinxe +pya qopxnpye+ca aioapa nnqop-
xannn opiannsann n npenpna+n o nannnn naxan+nix
paonnx xec+, a npeoenne nnqopxanne o nncennoc+n
www.phoenixbooks.ru
7
n npoqeccnonaino-xnanqnxannonnix xapax+epnc+nxax m-
e, eammnx pao+a+i (espao+nix) nn cxenn+i xec+o
pao+i. Iannaa nei non+nxn n o+nomennn pinxa +pya
saxmnae+ca n +ox, n+oi oc+nni o+nocn+einoio npnne-
nna x xonnec+nennoxy n xanec+nennoxy pannonecnm cnpoca
n npeoenna paone cni.
2. B yconnax pinonno ixonoxnxn oni cymec+nona+i
on+nxaini pesepn pao+nnxon n noepnna+ica ec+ec+-
nennaa nopxa npenimenna npeoenna paone cni na
cnpocox, +. e. ecmecmeennm ypoeent (nop+a) 6e:pa6omuum.
Pinxy npo+nnonoxasani xax nonaa sana+oc+i, +ax n npesxep-
naa espao+nna.
Cymec+nye+ necxoixo qopx espao+nni, npnneex
ocnonnie. cmpykmypnan, npn xo+opo nxee+ca c+pyx+ypnoe
neconnaenne xey xnanqnxanne n npoqeccne espa-
o+nix, c ono c+oponi, n xnanqnxanne n npoqeccne
cnoonix paonnx xec+ (no+penoc+n n pao+nnxax) c
pyio, pukuuonnan, npn xo+opo mn, noxnnyn ono
xec+o pao+i, naxoa+ca n noncxe pyio, coo+ne+c+nymme
nx xnanqnxannn n nnnnnyainix cxonnoc+ax, espa-
o+nna ou0anun pesyi+a+ ec+ xo sapao+no na+i
n oipannnennoio xonnec+na paonnx xec+ a nn anno
npoqeccnn.
]a xonnec+nenno xapax+epnc+nxn espao+nni ncnoi-
sym+ca pa noxasa+ee, cpen xo+opix n xnpono npax+nxe
pacnpoc+panen c+anap+ni yponeni (nopxa) espao+nni.
C yne+ox cnennqnxn o+enec+nenno c+a+nc+nxn yponeni es-
pao+nni xoe+ i+i paccnn+an no qopxye.
`B = 100,
ie `B yponeni (nopxa) espao+nni, BP ne sana+ie
+pyono ea+einoc+im ipaane, sapeinc+pnponannie n
cye sana+oc+n n xanec+ne nmymnx pao+y. 3 sana+ie n
naponox xosac+ne, (3 BP) nncennoc+i ixonoxnnecxn
ax+nnnoio naceenna.
3 BP 3 BP
BP BP
www.phoenixbooks.ru
8
Paccnn+anni no qopxye noxasa+ei espao+nni npe-
nimae+ oqnnnaino npnsnanni (npn pacne+e oqnnnai-
noio yponna npnnnxae+ca no nnnxanne nce +pyocnoconoe
naceenne, a ne +oixo ixonoxnnecxn ax+nnnoe), no aex o+
qax+nnecxoio yponna, +ax xax ne o+paae+ cxpi+ym espao-
+nny. Bxec+e c +ex nnco ipaan, ne sapeinc+pnponannix
n cye sana+oc+n, ne nxmnae+ pao+nnxon, qax+nnecxn
nmymnx pao+y.
C+anini pinox +pya xapax+epnsye+ ecmecmeennm
ypoeent (nop+a) 6e:pa6omuum, xoia nnco naxan+nix xec+
nsxo x xonnec+ny me, nmymnx pao+y*. Kpoxe +oio,
ec+ec+nennaa espao+nna nxee+ xec+o, xoia onaexaa nnq-
anna panna qax+nnecxo, npn i+ox ixonoxnxa nosnpamae+ca
x xaxpoixonoxnnecxoxy pannonecnm noce nnxnnecxoio
cnaa. Bespao+nna nosnnxae+ npn napymennn pannonecna na
pinxe +pya.
B yconnax pinonnix o+nomenn iocyapc+nennoe pe-
iynponanne pinxa +pya nocn+ oipannnenni xapax+ep.
Hpnopn+e+nixn nanpanennaxn iocyapc+nenno non+nxn
sana+oc+n n nac+oamee npexa n o+nomennn ipaan, no+epan-
mnx pao+y, anam+ca.
onepeammee nepeoynenne n nepenoio+onxa,
npoqeccnonainaa opnen+anna n ncnxooinnecxaa no-
io+onxa,
ynennenne xacm+aon npexenno sana+oc+n n ome-
c+nennix pao+.
Banemnx yconnex c+annsannn sana+oc+n naceenna
nic+ynae+ paspao+xa n peansanna npoipaxxi pasnn+na sa-
na+oc+n, ocnonanno na npoinose pasnn+na ixonoxnxn c+pani
n ee o+einix o+pace.
* Hona+na c+anini pinox +pya, nonaa sana+oc+i ne xapax+epnsym+
100%-nym sana+oc+i naceenna. B yconnax pinxa nceia npenoaiae+ca
nannne c+pyx+ypno n qpnxnnonno espao+nni.
www.phoenixbooks.ru
9
WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW
3
j=!%"=2!=2,%!=,=,,
,%C!?,-=*2%!/
1.
2. ,
1. Kapponaa cvpaverna (c+pa+eina ynpanenna nepcona-
ox) cnennqnnecxn naop ocnonnix npnnnnnon, npann
n nee pao+i c nepconaox, xonxpe+nsnponannix c yne-
+ox +nnon opiannsannonno c+pa+einn, opiannsannonnoio n
xaponoio no+ennnaa (neonenecxoio pecypca), a +axe +nna
xapono non+nxn opiannsannn.
Hpax+nxa qynxnnonnponanna xnoinx opiannsann cnne-
+eic+nye+ o ne+xo nsanxocnasn c+pa+einnecxnx pemenn no
nx ynpanennm c cnc+exo ynpanenna nepconaox.
2. Kaponaa c+pa+eina opiannsannn onpeeae+ca ceymmn-
xn xoxnexcnixn qax+opaxn.
nnemne n nny+penne cpeo qynxnnonnponanna op-
iannsannn,
+nnox c+pa+einn opiannsannn, npnna+o ee pyxonoc-
+nox,
yponnex nannponanna,
o+xpi+oc+im (saxpi+oc+im) xapono non+nxn,
xoxne+ennne nepconaa.
Anann: nnemne cpepm coc+on+ ns nyx nac+e. 1) anans
xaxpooxpyenna (coc+oanne ixonoxnxn n omaa +enennna
www.phoenixbooks.ru
10
na pinxe +pya, npanonoe peiynponanne n cqepe +pya, no-
n+nnecxne nponecci n +. n.), 2) anans nenocpec+nennoio
oxpyenna (oxaini pinox +pya, xaponaa non+nxa
xonxypen+on n p.).
Anann: nnyvpenne cpepm nianae+ coc+oanne n nepc-
nex+nni pasnn+na nepconaa, c+ni ynpanenna, coc+oanne
+exnooinn, connmeca opiannsannonno xyi+ypi.
Banemnx iexen+ox anansa nny+penne cpei n c+pa+e-
innecxox ynpanennn nepconaox anae+ca anans xnccnn n
nee opiannsannn.
H+o xacae+ca vnna cvpavernn oprann:annn, +o pasnnam+
npenpnnnxa+eicxym c+pa+einm, c+pa+einm nnaxnnecxoio
poc+a, c+pa+einm npniinoc+n, nxnnannonnym c+pa+einm,
c+pa+einm xpyionopo+a. Coo+ne+c+nymmne xaponie xepon-
pna+na sannca+ o+ omkpmmocmu nn :akpmmocmu xapono
non+nxn. Tax, nanpnxep, a npenpnnnxa+eicxoio +nna
c+pa+einn, o+xpi+oc+n xapono non+nxn n oiocponnoxy
(c+pa+einnecxoxy) yponnm nannponanna xaponie xepon-
pna+na nxmnam+. npnnenenne xooix nepcnex+nnnix
npoqeccnonaon, ax+nnnym nnqopxannm o opiannsannn,
qopxnponanne +peonann x xanna+ax. ]a +ex e yco-
nn, no npn saxpi+o xapono non+nxe n xanec+ne xaponix
xeponpna+n npeycxa+pnnae+ca cosanne coc+nennix qnp-
xennix nnc+n+y+on n xypcon noio+onxn nepconaa.
Kovnevennna nepconana n nac+oamee npexa c+anonn+ca
nen+painix nona+nex nce xonnennnn ynpanenna nepcona-
ox. Ho xoxne+ennne nonnxae+ca pannonainoe cone+anne
snann, nanixon n pao+e n cnocoon omenna, xo+opixn
oaae+ pao+nnx n anni xonxpe+ni nepno npexenn.
Kaponaa c+pa+eina npenoaiae+ coo+ne+c+nymmee pasnn+ne
xoxne+ennnn nepconaa, ncxoa ns nipanno c+pa+einn
opiannsannn.
www.phoenixbooks.ru
11
WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW
4
j=!%"=C%,2,*=
"%"!/.3%",.
1.
2.
()
3.
1. Kapponaa nonnvnxa cnc+exa +eope+nnecxnx nsiaon,
npnnnnnon, npann, nopx, onpeeammnx ocnonnie nanpan-
enna pao+i c nepconaox, oecnennnammnx npuee0enue
ue:oeeueckoeo pecypca e coomeemcmeue co cmpameeue opea-
nu:auuu.
]a qopxnponanna n Poccnn pinonnix o+nomenn xapax-
+epno nonimenne pon xapono non+nxn na npenpna+nax
n n opiannsannax ncex qopx coc+nennoc+n. Bospac+anne pon
xapono non+nxn oacnae+ca xopennixn nsxenennaxn
connainix n ixonoxnnecxnx yconn, cy+i xo+opix saxm-
nae+ca n nepexoe o+ xoxanno-axnnnc+pa+nnnix xe+oon
ynpanenna nepconaox x ncnoisonannm ixonoxnnecxnx,
connainix n npanc+nenno-ncnxooinnecxnx c+nxyon.
Ha ceionamnn eni n pao+e c xapaxn nac+ynn noni
nepno, xapax+epnsymmnca nospac+annex nnnxanna x nnnoc+n
pao+nnxa, x noncxax nonix c+nxyon, n+o ninniae+ npoexy
cosanna cnc+exi ynpanenna nepconaox, asnpymmeca n
ocnonnox na ixonoxnnecxnx c+nxyax n connainix iapan+nax,
opnen+nponannix na cnenne nn+epecon pao+nnxa c nn+epe-
caxn opiannsannn.
www.phoenixbooks.ru
12
2. Kaponaa non+nxa n conpexennix yconnax, coec+nya
oc+nennm nee xonxpe+no opiannsannn, ona pema+i
ceymmne nanemne saann.
oecnennna+i opiannsannm oni+nixn nicoxoxnanqn-
nnponannixn n sann+epeconannixn pao+nnxaxn,
iqqex+nnno ncnoisona+i xac+epc+no n no+ennnainie
nosxonoc+n xaoio pao+nnxa,
cosana+i n opiannsannn yconna a nanoee nonoio
yone+nopenna nepconaa cnoe pao+o,
c+nxynpona+i n noepnna+i c+pexenne xaoio
pao+nnxa x coxpanennm aionpna+noio xnxa+a n xo-
ex+nne,
noepnna+i cpen pao+nnxon nn+epec x oc+nennm o-
me niioi cnoeio xoex+nna n opiannsannn n neox.
Pemenne nepenncennix saan npeanae+ nicoxne
+peonanna x eono n npoqeccnonaino xnanqnxannn
pao+nnxon cyi ynpanenna nepconaox, npenoaiae+
esyconnoe nnnoe ynac+ne pyxonoc+na opiannsannn, pyxo-
non+ee ee qynx nnonainix n nponsnoc+nennix nopas-
eenn n i+o pao+e.
Ocooe nnnxanne n ocymec+nennn xapono non+nxn
o+non+ca pasnn+nm ynpae:enueckux ka0poe, ocnonannoxy na
oiocponnox nannponannn na +ax nasinaexix npoipax-
xax ynpanenna xapiepo pyxonon+ee.
Hpnnnnnnaino nano coc+anno nac+im xapono non-
+nxn ona c+a+i cxoopnnnponannaa cnc+exa ona+i +pya
n nosnaipaenna sa eio pesyi+a+i.
Kaponaa non+nxa opiannsannn ona npeycxa+pnna+i
cnc+exy connainoio oecnenenna n iapan+n c +ex, n+oi
oecnenn+i pa nina+ n ycyi pao+nnxax opiannsannn, +a-
xnx xax, nanpnxep, niana ecnponen+nix ccy, c+paxonanne,
xennnn cxoe ocynnanne na nponsnoc+ne, iio+i npn
npnope+ennn +onapon n npoyx+on, xo+opie nponsnoa+ca
n opiannsannn, opiannsanna o+ixa, cana+opnoio enenna,
npeoc+anenne ennonpexennoio nocona npn nixoe na
nencnm n p.
www.phoenixbooks.ru
13
B cnasn c nimecxasannix cymec+nenno nonimae+ca poi
n xapono non+nxe xoex+nnnix oionopon n coiamenn,
n xo+opix na ocnone Tpyonoio xoexca Pd nanoee nono
n ne+xo oni i+i peiaxen+nponani nsanxoo+nomenna
pao+oa+ea, npoqcomson n pao+nnxa n o+nomennn paoneio
npexenn, +pya n sapao+no na+i, oc+yna x nnqopxannn
o xosac+nenno ea+einoc+n opiannsannn, xa+epnainix
c+nxyax n connainix iapan+nax.
Kaponaa non+nxa ona c+a+i nanix iexen+ox
cnc+exi ynpanenna nepconaox, nn+eipnponannix c yn-
panennecxo, nnnec+nnnonno, connaino, qnnancono n
nponsnoc+nenno non+nxo opiannsannn.
3. Anansnpya cymec+nymmne n xonxpe+nix opiannsannax
napnan+i xapono non+nxn, xono nien+i na ocnonanna
a nx xaccnqnxannn. nepnoe ocnonanne cnasano c yponnex
neno cpec+nennoio nnanna ynpanennecxoio annapa+a na
xaponym cn+yannm n opiannsannn, n+opoe ocnonanne cnasa-
no c opnen+anne na coc+nenni nepcona nn na nnemnn
nepcona.
Ho nepnoxy ocnonannm nieam+ca ceymmne +nni
xapono non+nxn. naccnnnaa (cnoamaaca x nxnnannn
neia+nnnix nocec+nn), peaxvnnnaa (oipannnnnae+ca onepa-
+nnnix xaponix nannponannex), npenenvnnnaa (xaponaa
non+nxa nee+ca na ocnone xpa+xocponnoio n cpenecponnoio
npoinosnponanna, onaxo opiannsanna ne nxee+ cpec+n a
nnanna na nee), axvnnnaa (pyxonoc+no nxee+ ne +oixo
npoinos, no n cpec+na a nosec+nna na xaponym cn+y-
annm).
Ho n+opoxy ocnonannm nieam+ca na +nna xapono
non+nxn o+xpi+aa n saxpi+aa. Ovxpmvaa xapax+epnsy-
e+ca +ex, n+o opiannsanna npospanna a no+ennnainix
co+pynnxon na mox yponne, :axpmvaa xaponaa non+nxa
xapax+epnsye+ca +ex, n+o opiannsanna opnen+npye+ca na
nxmnenne nonoio nepconaa +oixo c nnsmeio onoc+noio
yponna, a saxemenne nponcxon+ +oixo ns nnca co+pynnxon
opiannsannn.
www.phoenixbooks.ru
14
WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW
5
rC!=",C!%=%:C%2,
2%2C%3C!=",C!%=%
1.

2.
1. npannenne nepconanov neenanpanennaa ea+ei-
noc+i pyxonon+ee ncex yponne ynpanenna opiannsannn n
pao+nnxon c+pyx+ypnix nopaseenn cnc+exi ynpanenna
nepconaox, xo+opaa nxmnae+ paspao+xy c+pa+einn xapono
non+nxn, xonnennnm, npnnnnni, xe+oi n +exnooinm
ynpanenna nepconaox opiannsannn.
Inannaa nenn ynpanenna nepconaox nxa n npnii
opiannsannn, xo+opaa oc+niae+ca nepes oecnenenne opiann-
sannn nicoxoxnanqnnnponannixn n sann+epeconannixn pa-
o+nnxaxn, nepes iqqex+nnnoe ncnoisonanne nx xac+epc+na n
+nopnecxnx nosxonoc+e, nepes yone+nopenne connainix
no+penoc+e neonexa na nponsnoc+ne (yone+nopenne
pao+o, caxonipaenne, xoxqop+noc+i xennnoc+nix
o+nomenn n p.).
Ceye+ nonepxny+i, n+o nona+ne ynpanenne nepcona-
ox n onpeeenno c+enenn yconno, nocxoixy npenoa-
iae+ ne xoxanonanne mixn, a cosanne yconn, oecne-
nnnammnx nanynmee ncnoisonanne ue:oeeueckoeo pecypca
n xaoio pao+nnxa n o+einoc+n.
www.phoenixbooks.ru
15
2. B omex nne ea+einoc+i no ynpanennm nepconaox
sa xmnae+ca n ceymmex.
n qopxnponannn cnc+exi ynpanenna opiannsanne n
neox n cnc+exi ynpanenna nepconaox,
nannponannn xapono pao+i, n +ox nnce paspao+xe
onepa+nnnoio nana pao+i opiannsannn,
nponeennn xapxe+nnia nepconaa,
onpeeennn no+penoc+n opiannsannn n nepconae,
yne+e n nopxnponannn nncennoc+n nepconaa.
Texnooina ynpanenna nepconaox oxna+inae+ mnpoxn
cnex+p pao+ o+ npnexa o ynoinenna nepconaa.
noncx, o+op, npnex n ynoinenne (nicnooenne)
pao+nnxon,
aan+anna, oynenne n nepenoio+onxa nepconaa,
xo+nnanna +pyono ea+einoc+n nepconaa n eio
ncnoisonanne,
opiannsanna +pya n comenne i+nxn eonoio o-
menna,
onenxa ea+einoc+n nepconaa n c+pyx+ypnix nopas-
eenn,
ynpanenne xonqnx+axn n c+peccaxn,
ynpanenne eono xapiepo n cyeno-npoqeccno-
nainix nponnennex nepconaa,
ynpanenne xoxxynnxannonnixn nponeccaxn,
oecnenenne esonacnoc+n nepconaa,
onenxa ixonoxnnecxo n connaino iqqex+nnnoc+n
conepmenc+nonanna ynpanenna nepconaox.
www.phoenixbooks.ru
149
q%!=,
Bonpoc 1. Kapponaa peavennnocvn oprann:annn, o+exv
n cy+exv ynpannenna ......................................... 3
1. Opeanu:auun kak couua:tnan o6mnocmt e coe+ecmno
0enme:tnocmu :m0e
2. O6ekm u cy6ekm ynpae:enun e ka0poeo
0enme:tnocmu opeanu:auuu
Bonpoc 2. Pmnox vpypa, rocypapcvnennaa nonnvnxa
:anavocvn ......................................................... 6
1. Honnmue u xapakmepnme uepmm pmnka
mpy0a
2. Be:pa6omuua u npuopumemnme nanpae:enun
eocy0apcmeenno no:umuku :annmocmu
Bonpoc 3. Kapponaa cvpaverna oprann:annn
n onpepenammne ee gaxvopm ............................... 9
1. Honnmue ka0poeo cmpameeuu opeanu:auuu
2. 4akmopm, onpe0e:nmmue ka0poeym
cmpameeum
Bonpoc 4. Kapponaa nonnvnxa n conpevennmx ycnonnax ......... 11
1. Honnmue ka0poeo no:umuku
2. 3a0auu u oco6ennocmu ka0poeo no:umuku
e coepe+ennmx (pmnounmx) yc:oeunx
3. F:accuukauun ka0poeo no:umuku
Bonpoc 5. npannenne nepconanov: nonavne, peavennnocvn
no ynpannennm nepconanov ............................... 14
1. Hcxo0noe nonnmue u e:aenan ue:t ynpae:enun
nepcona:o+
2. ,enme:tnocmt no ynpae:enum nepcona:o+
Bonpoc 6. Ocnona conpevenno xonnennnn n npnnnnnm
ynpannenna nepconanov .................................... 16
1. Ocnoea konuenuuu ynpae:enun nepcona:o+
2. Hpunuunm ynpae:enun nepcona:o+
Bonpoc 7. Honaa napapnrva ynpannenna nepconanov ............. 18
1. Ocnoenme no:oenun cmapo u noeo napa0ue+
ynpae:enun nepcona:o+
2. Xapakmepnme uepmm noeo napa0ue+m ynpae:enun
nepcona:o+
www.phoenixbooks.ru
150
Bonpoc 8. Ovnnune ynpannenna uenoneuecxnvn pecypcavn
ov ynpannenna nepconanov ................................ 21
1. Honnmue ynpae:enun ue:oeeuecku+u
pecypca+u
2. Xapakmepnme uepmm ynpae:enun
ue:oeeuecku+u pecypca+u
3. Bu0m 0enme:tnocmu no ynpae:enum
ue:oeeuecku+u pecypca+u
Bonpoc 9. Hpanonoe n nopvavnnno-vevopnuecxoe
oecneuenne ynpannenna nepconanov .................. 24
1. Hpaeoeoe o6ecneuenue ynpae:enun nepcona:o+
2. Hop+amueno-+emo0uueckoe o6ecneuenue
ynpae:enun nepcona:o+
Bonpoc 10. Mevopm ynpannenna n gaxvopm, oxa:mnammne
no:pecvnne na nepconan ................................... 26
1. Memo0m ynpae:enun nepcona:o+
2. 4akmopm, oka:meammue eo:0ecmeue
na nepcona: opeanu:auuu
Bonpoc 11. Cncveva ynpannenna nepconanov
oprann:annn ................................................... 29
1. Honnmue cucme+m ynpae:enun nepcona:o+
2. Cocmae ynkuuona:tnmx no0cucme+ cucme+m
ynpae:enun nepcona:o+
Bonpoc 12. Mevopm anann:a, nocvpoenna
n conepmencvnonanna cncvevm ynpannenna
nepconanov .................................................... 32
1. 3nauenue u k:accuukauun +emo0oe
2. Cymnocmt +emo0oe
Bonpoc 13. Pa:nnvne uenoneuecxnx pecypcon
n oprann:annn ................................................. 35
1. Honnmue u ue:t pa:eumun ue:oeeueckux
pecypcoe opeanu:auuu
2. Memo0m pa:eumun ue:oeeueckux pecypcoe opeanu:auuu
Bonpoc 14. Oprann:annonnaa cvpyxvypa cnym
ynpannenna nepconanov .................................... 37
1. Honnmue u eapuanmm opeanu:auuonno cmpykmypm
c:y6m ynpae:enun nepcona:o+
2. Hpu+ep coepe+enno opeanu:auuonno cmpykmypm
c:y6m ynpae:enun nepcona:o+ 6o:tmo opeanu:auuu
www.phoenixbooks.ru
151
Bonpoc 15. Oprann:annonnaa cvpyxvypa ovpena
nepconana ...................................................... 41
1. He0ocmamku pa6omm om0e:oe ka0poe npe0npunmu
2. Heo6xo0u+ocmt nepexo0a k noem+
cmpykmypa+ ynpae:enun nepcona:o+
Bonpoc 16. Ocnonnaa nenn ovpena nepconana n gynxnnn
ero noppa:penenn ........................................... 44
1. Ocnoenan ue:t om0e:a nepcona:a
2. He:u u ynkuuu no0pa:0e:enu om0e:a
nepcona:a
Bonpoc 17. Konnuecvnennoe n xauecvnennoe oecneuenne
xappavn cnym ynpannenna nepconanov ............ 47
1. Fo:uuecmeennoe o6ecneuenue ka0pa+u c:y6m
ynpae:enun nepcona:o+
2. Fauecmeennoe o6ecneuenue nompe6nocmu
e ka0pax c:y6m ynpae:enun nepcona:o+
Bonpoc 18. Ocoennocvn ynpannenna nepconanov
n xpynno oprann:annn ..................................... 50
1. 4akmopm, e:unmmue na cucme+y ynpae:enun
nepcona:o+
2. Xapakmepucmuka ynpae:enun nepcona:o+
kpynno opeanu:auuu
Bonpoc 19. npannenne connannnmv pa:nnvnev
oprann:annn ................................................... 52
1. Honnmue ynpae:enun couua:tnm+ pa:eumue+
2. 4akmopm pa:eumun couua:tno cpe0m opeanu:auuu
3. Couua:tnan c:y6a opeanu:auuu
Bonpoc 20. ,enonpon:nopcvnennoe oecneuenne cncvevm
ynpannenna nepconanov .................................... 55
1. Honnmun 0e:onpou:eo0cmeennoeo o6ecneuenun
cucme+m ynpae:enun nepcona:o+
2. Cmpykmypa :akono0ame:tno u nop+amueno 6a:m
ka0poeoeo 0e:onpou:eo0cmea
3. Ocnoenme 0e:onpou:eo0cmeennme ynkuuu cucme+m
ynpae:enun nepcona:o+
Bonpoc 21. Knaccngnxanna n cocvan poxyvenvannn,
ncnonn:yevo n ynpannennn nepconanov ............. 58
1. Bu0m 0oky+enmauuu, ucno:t:ye+o e ynpae:enuu
nepcona:o+
www.phoenixbooks.ru
152
2. Cocmae 0oky+enmauuu, ucno:t:ye+m e ynpae:enuu
nepcona:o+
Bonpoc 22. Hnannponanne nepconana n oprann:annn .............. 60
1. Cymnocmt u ue:u n:anupoeanun nepcona:a
2. Onepamuenoe n:anupoeanue pa6omm
c nepcona:o+
Bonpoc 23. Mapxevnnr n nn:nnr nepconana .......................... 62
1. Honnmue +apkemunea nepcona:a
u eeo ynkuuu
2. Honnmue :u:unea nepcona:a u eeo ynkuuu
Bonpoc 24. Haop nepconana oprann:annn ........................... 64
1. Cymnocmt u 5manm na6opa nepcona:a
2. Hpoue0ypa npunnmun pemenun o npue+e
na pa6omy
3. Bee0enue e 0o:nocmt (a0anmauun) nepcona:a
Bonpoc 25. Perynnponanne uncnennocvn nepconana ................ 66
1. Hcxo0nme nonnmun peey:upoeanun uuc:ennocmu
nepcona:a
2. Ocnoenme +emo0m pacuema nompe6nocmu e nepcona:e
Bonpoc 26. ,oronopnaa cncveva nava n onnavm vpypa
paovnnxa ...................................................... 68
1. Honnmue mpy0oeoeo 0oeoeopa
2. Oop+:enue u co0epanue mpy0oeoeo
0oeoeopa
3. ,oeoeopnan cucme+a on:amm mpy0a
Bonpoc 27. Tpyponaa apanvanna nepconana .......................... 72
1. Honnmue mpy0oeo a0anmauuu
2. `npae:enue npouecco+ a0anmauuu
Bonpoc 28 . Ocnonnme oa:annocvn paovopavene
n paovnnxon oprann:annn ................................ 74
1. Ocnoenme o6n:annocmu pa6omo0ame:e
2. Ocnoenme o6n:annocmu pa6omnukoe
Bonpoc 29. npannenne npogeccnonannno xapnepo
nepconana ...................................................... 77
1. Honnmue kaptepm pa6omnuka
2. `npae:enue kaptepo nepcona:a
www.phoenixbooks.ru
153
Bonpoc 30. Onenxa peavennnocvn nepconana ......................... 79
1. Ammecmauun nepcona:a ocnoeno +emo0 ouenku
0enme:tnocmu pa6omnuka
2. Opeanu:auun npoee0enun ammecmauuu
3. Memo0m ouenku 0enme:tnocmu pa6omnuka
Bonpoc 31. Hpexpamenne vpyponoro poronopa (ynonnnenne)
nepconana ...................................................... 82
1. Honnmue u ocnoenme eu0m npekpamenun mpy0oeoeo
0oeoeopa
2. Meponpunmun e cen:u c yeo:tnenue+ pa6omnuka
Bonpoc 32. Omaa xapaxvepncvnxa vovnnannn ..................... 84
1. Cymnocmt ynkuuu +omueauuu
2. Tpy0oean +omueauun couua:tnan ocnoea ynpae:enun
Bonpoc 33. Copepavennnme veopnn vovnnannn ................... 86
1. Teopun A. Mac:oy
2. Teopun F. A:t0epepa
3. Teopun ,. Mak-F:e::an0a
4. Teopun 4. Iepu6epea
Bonpoc 34. Hponeccyannnme veopnn vovnnannn .................... 88
1. Teopun ou0anun Bpy+a
2. Teopun cnpaee0:ueocmu C. A0a+ca
3. Mo0e:t HopmepaHoy:epa
Bonpoc 35. 4opvnponanne nmcoxo:ggexvnnnoro
xonnexvnna ..................................................... 90
1. Coepe+ennme npo6:e+m ynpae:enun ko::ekmuea+u
2. `npae:enue op+upoeanue+
emcoko5ekmuenoeo ko::ekmuea
Bonpoc 36. Ocnonm nepconannnoro venepvenva .................. 92
1. Honnmue nepcona:tnoeo +ene0+enma
2. Ca+oopeanu:auun pa6omm u :uuno u:nu
Bonpoc 37. Xapaxvep vpypa n ponn pyxonopnvena
(venepepa) n oprann:annn ............................... 94
1. Oco6ennocmu ynpae:enueckoeo mpy0a
2. Po:u pykoeo0ume:n (+ene0epa) e opeanu:auuu
Bonpoc 38. Pyxonopcvno nepconanov: nnacvn
n napvnepcvno ................................................. 96
1. Honnmue e:acmu, ocnoenme op+m e:acmu
2. Huunoe e:unnue e pykoeo0cmee
www.phoenixbooks.ru
154
Bonpoc 39. Cvnnn pyxonopcvna ........................................... 98
1. Honnmue cmu:t pykoeo0cmea
2. Tuno:oeun cmu:e
3. Bm6op pykoeo0ume:e+ (+ene0epo+) cmu:n
pykoeo0cmea
Bonpoc 40. Hnunocvn xax o+exv ynpannenna ...................... 101
1. Honnmue :uunocmu
2. Cmpykmypa :uunocmu u e:unnue
na ee noee0enue
Bonpoc 41. Konnexvnn n ero cvpyxvypa ............................... 103
1. Honnmue epynnm u ko::ekmuea
2. Cmpykmypa ko::ekmuea
Bonpoc 42. Oprann:anna n onnava vpypa nepconana .............. 105
1. Cymnocmt :apa6omno n:amm
2. Opeanu:auun on:amm mpy0a
Bonpoc 43. Ocnonm nnpepcvna n ynpannennn
nepconanov ................................................... 108
1. Honnmue :u0epcmea
2. Hu0ep u pykoeo0ume:t (+ene0ep)
3. Ho0xo0m k u:yuenum :u0epcmea
Bonpoc 44. Bnpm, npnunnm n nocnepcvnna xongnnxvon ......... 110
1. Bu0m (munm) kon:ukmoe
2. Hpuuunm u noc:e0cmeun kon:ukmoe
Bonpoc 45. Oprann:annonnm xongnnxv ............................ 113
1. Honnmue opeanu:auuonnoeo kon:ukma
2. Cmpykmypa kon:ukma
3. ,una+uka kon:ukma
Bonpoc 46. npannenne xongnnxvavn ................................ 115
1. Cymnocmt ynpae:enun kon:ukma+u
2. Po:t pykoeo0ume:n (+ene0epa)
e pa:pemenuu u npou:akmuke kon:ukmoe
Bonpoc 47. Cvpeccm n vevopm nx nevpann:annn ................. 117
1. Honnmue u cymnocmt cmpecca
2. Memo0m cnnmun cmpecca
Bonpoc 48. Omne nonavna xovvynnxannn ......................... 119
1. Cymnocmt u 5:e+enmm ko++ynukauuu
2. Jmanm ko++ynukauuu
3. Fo++ynukauuu c enemne u enympenne
cpe0o opeanu:auuu
www.phoenixbooks.ru
155
Bonpoc 49. Bnpm xovvynnxann n nperpapm
pna nepepanaevo nngopvannn ......................... 121
1. Opeanu:auuonnme ko++ynukauuu
2. Me:uunocmnme ko++ynukauuu
Bonpoc 50. Connannno-:xonovnuecxaa n ncnxonornuecxaa
noppepxa nepconana ...................................... 123
1. Couua:tno-5kono+uueckan :amuma nepcona:a
2. Hcuxo:oeuueckan no00epka nepcona:a
Bonpoc 51. Ponn npogeccnonannnmx com:on n :amnve
vpyponmx npan paovnnxon............................... 126
1. Cmpykmypa npocom:oe e Poccucko
4e0epauuu
2. 3amuma mpy0oemx npae npocom:a+u
Bonpoc 52. Ocnonm penonoro omenna n ynpannennn
nepconanov ................................................... 130
1. Cymnocmt, cpe0cmea u op+m 0e:oeoeo
o6menun
2. Ocnoenme eu0m ycmnoeo 0e:oeoeo o6menun
Bonpoc 53. Kapponaa nonnvnxa oprann:annn n ycnonnax
xpn:nca ......................................................... 132
1. Honnmue kpu:uca u anmukpu:ucnoeo
ynpae:enun
2. Cymnocmt ka0poeo no:umuku e yc:oeunx
kpu:uca
Bonpoc 54. Onenxa :ggexvnnnocvn ynpannenna
nepconanov ................................................... 135
1. Hpuuunm c:onocmu ouenku 5ekmuenocmu
ynpae:enun nepcona:o+
2. Cymecmeymmue +emo0m ouenku 5ekmuenocmu
ynpae:enun nepcona:o+
Inoccapn ................................................................. 137
Hnvepavypa .................................................................. 147
www.phoenixbooks.ru
Cepna 3ane+ n ixsaxen
Bacaxon Mnxan Hnanonnn
HPABHEHHE HEPCOHAHOM
KOHCHEKT EKHHH
Hocone a noio+onxn x ixsaxenax
O+ne+c+nenni peax+op H. Xu:nkoe
Texnnnecxn peax+op H. Baepnnueea
Xyonnx B. Fupuuenko
Koppex+opi H. Hukanopoea, O. Mu:oeanoea
Honncano n ne na+i 21.10.08.
dopxa+ 84108/32. Byx. +nn N 2.
Iapnn+ypa CG Times. Hena+i oqce+naa. Vc. n. . 8,4.
Tnpa 3000 ixs. 3ax. N
OOO dennxc
344082, i. Poc+on-na-]ony, nep. Xa+ypnncxn, 80
O+nena+ano c io+onix nanosn+nnon n 3AO Knnia
344019, i. Poc+on-na-]ony, y. Cone+cxaa, 57
www.phoenixbooks.ru