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V]K 94(3).001.94/.97
BBK 63.3(0)320.3
KTK 030
H 90
..
90 Mec+o cni iopo Apxanx . n noncxax y+panen-
noio paa / B.H. Hy+ennxnn. Poc+on n/] . dennxc,
2009. 344, [1] c. . n. (Knnia-cencanna).
ISBN 978-5-222-15225-6
Caxpainie xnponie nen+pi. Tne+, Einne+, Hepycanx,
Mexxa, xpaxi Hnnn, nnpaxni Hepy, C+oynxen, xnc+nnec-
xaa Baxaa nspene npnxoninan x cee nnnxanne me.
B 1987 ioy xnp no+paco cencannonnoe nsnec+ne. n Knox
3aypaie onapyena c+pana pennnx iopoon Apxanx.
B cnoe nono pao+e, xo+opaa anae+ca npooennex
xnnin Tani Apxanxa, niepanme ne ono nsanne, an+op
paccxa+pnnae+ Apxanx c nosnnnn ncceonanna Beccxep+no
Cni ]yxa xax pennemym nnnnnsannm na 3exe n ee nos-
xonoe nnanne na conpexennie coi+na.
B anno xnnie peni +axe ne+ o +anax Hpnpoi, o +ane
nponcxoenna neonenec+na, o pennnx npnponix n xocxnnec-
xnx inepinax, xo+opie ec+nym+ n Apxanxe n pyinx xec+ax
cni, n o nx ope+ennn.
V]K 94(3).001.94/.97
BBK 63.3(0)320.3
ISBN 978-5-222-15225-6
Hy+ennxnn B.H., 2009
Oqopxenne, OOO dennxc, 2009
www.phoenixbooks.ru

He nona+oe naxn anenne oc+epeia+eci
nasina+i necymec+nymmnx.
P. Bapmunu
Hon+n ne+ipe +icann e+ +oxy nasa n Knox 3aypaie
nponcxono Hen+o, n+o npooae+ nosec+nona+i na nce
acnex+i name ceionamne nsnn. Bce, n+o ec+i ceiona
y nac, nxmnaa +exnooinn, xo+opie xi ncnoisyex, ey,
xo+opym xi enx, c+pon+einie xa+epnai, ns xo+opix xi
nosnonx cnon nnma, nno+nie n pac+enna, xo+opie xi
nipamnnaex, nce i+o o++ya, ns i+nx pennnx npexen. 3a
ncxmnennex Cni ]yxa n Opasa 2nsnn, xo+opie xi sa
i+n necxoixo +icanee+n esyxno pac+pa+nn.
To io npexa, xoia mn cymec+nonan na oneni nico-
xox yponne cosnanna, naxnoio npenimammn +o+, xo+opi
xi cenac xoex cee noopasn+i. Ocoenno i+o xacae+ca
+axnx acnex+on, xax nsanxoo+nomenna c npnpoo, nonnxanna
oec+nenno cy+n xnpa n yxonno-inepie+nnecxoio ec+ec+na
caxoio neonexa, eio nnno nny+penne cni, xo+opaa no-
snoaa exy c+oa+i na onox yponne c Boiaxn.
Bny+pennaa n nnemnaa yxonnaa cna nxee+ iopaso
oimee snanenne a ninnanna neonenec+na, nex nos-
yx, noa, nnma nn pyine cyc+annnn. V+pa+nn i+y cny,
neonenec+no c+ao npenpama+ica n nopoo+on, coc+oamnx
ns xoc+e, xponn n nepnno +xann, n c+ao cyn+i concex
pyinx neax, neen +ex, pan xo+opix ono io npn-
cano na 3exm.
3+a yxonnaa cna-inepina, onaxo, ne ncnesa nanceia
n coxpannaci n pennnx caxpainix nen+pax nponcxoenna
xnponix xyi+yp, ne cynano noi+oxy c+pexenne xnoinx
me xo+i pas n nsnn noina+i n +axox xec+e (no cy+n
conepmn+i naoxnnnec+no) n conpnxocny+ica c eio +ano
cno, coxpannnmeca n nnix nsxepennax. Ona npec+anae+
coo ocoym qopxy +onxo inepinn, cnonenno xnpono n
nnno noe, nnnix n xnponix pasyxox n omymaexo
www.phoenixbooks.ru
n ocoix +panconix coc+oannax cosnanna. Bsanxoec+nya
c i+o cno n naxannnaa i+y inepinm, mn cnoconi
npn+any+i x cee mie noon+einie coi+na, nsxenn+i
cyiy, opec+n soponie n ae eccxep+ne.
Bcnoxnn+i sai+oe, n, ncnoxnnn, nosna+i. 3+o osnanae+
nepny+i nexoia y+panennie xanec+na n ocosnanne +oio, xax
npannino ec+nona+i n nsxennnmeca noxpyi nac Peai-
noc+n. ]annaa xnnia ns cepnn Tani Apxanxa noxoe+
noxena+i namy nsni n nynym nax c+opony n on+ica +oio,
o nex ni xen+ae+e.
www.phoenixbooks.ru
5

3aoio o nanaa cymec+nonanna Byxepa n Bannona,
saoio o +oio, xax n Einn+e in noc+poeni nnpaxni,
saoio o pacnne+a onni Hna n nceio +oio, n+o npnna+o
nasina+i nnnnnsanne, na Knox Vpae ]yx ye on+a
n neonenecxnx +eax, anaa coo ec+no niconame
xyi+ypi. H xo+a npec+ann+en i+o xyi+ypi nn n in-
no-epenannix coopyennax, oenanci n snepnnie mxypi
n nn+anci npoc+o nnme, iannoe onn cymec+nonan na
+axox nicoxox yponne cosnanna, xo+opi xi cenac ae ne
xoex cee noopasn+i.
Bcec+nne xaxnx coi+n nanaoci cnycxanne neonenec-
+na c +oio nicoxoio yxonnoio yponna, na xo+opox ono naxo-
noci, noxa ne oc+nio conpexennoio coc+oanna, anae+ca
nenepoa+no +ano. B caxox ee, xax neonex ns conennoio
cymec+na, npeopasymmeio qnsnnecxn xnp n Mnp nnc+oio
cne+a, npenpa+nca n ec+oxonoe n onoino aipeccnnnoe cy-
mec+no, npo+nnonoc+annnmee cno nn+eex+ Boec+nenno
npnpoe n yxammee +oixo o yone+nopennn xa+epnainix
n no+cxnx no+penoc+e? Ie xoxen+ nc+nni? Honexy +ax
xnoio neoacnnxoio n penneme nc+opnn? Kya n xax
ncnesam+ nnnnnsannn, ne oc+anaa nnxaxnx ceon?
Ianno saane xoe nono xnnin anae+ca naxepenne
noxoni max ocosna+i onpeeennie coi+na, xo+opie
nponsomn n Apxanxe n nesanaxa+nie npexena n xo+opie
nponcxoa+ n nac+oamee npexa nn no+-no+ nponsoy+ na na-
me nane+e 3exa, coi+na, xo+opie panxainix opasox
ye nosec+nym+ na name cosnanne n na opas name nsnn
ceiona. Ionopa oec+nennix asixox. Hapc+nne Heecnoe
(+.e. yymee. Hpu+. aemopa) ne sa iopaxn. Ho nce n
noy+ +ya? no+ nonpoc.
Hpnsnaxon +oio, n+o n xnpe nponcxon+ xnoio conepmenno
neoinnix neme, npeoc+a+onno. 3+o, n nepnym onepei,
neinaoe ycxopenne +exnnnecxoio npoipecca. sa nocenne
c+o e+ neonenec+no ceao n peansonao c+oixo qan+ac-
+nnecxnx nsope+enn, cxoixo ne ceao sa +icanee+na
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6
cnoe nsnn. Ho n ononpexenno necixannoe naenne
npanc+nennoc+n. Cma e xono o+nec+n paspymenne ome-
c+nennix cnc+ex n nexo+opix iocyapc+nax, xo+opie xasanci
nesiexixn.
Bo-n+opix, onapynnae+ca xacca oxasa+eic+n n cnne-
+eic+n +oxy, n+o xi ne onnoxn no Bceenno. e+ammne
+apexn, cei na noax, nenepoa+nie nppannonainie
+exnooinnecxne anapnn (nanpnxep, Hepnoii), xa+ac+po-
qnnecxoe nsxenenne xnxa+a, neoinnoe noneenne nxnx
nno+nix, neoacnnxoe ncnesnonenne me, no+epa naxa-
+n no+ nenoni nepeneni qax+on, ne yxainammnxca n
npnninnoe npec+anenne o xnpe.
B-+pe+inx, noanenne me c neoixnonennixn cnoco-
noc+axn, xo+opie, necxo+pa na nce o+pnnanna i+nx qenoxenon
co c+oponi oqnnnaino nayxn, nna+ npomoe n yymee,
ncneam+ pexne saoenanna, nsxenam+ cyiy n +.n.
B-ne+nep+ix, n i+o, nanepnoe, caxoe iannoe, necxo+pa na
naenne npanc+nennoc+n n neox, n name npexa noanam+ca
mn conepmenno nono xyi+ypi. Hx ye ne yone+no-
pae+ npnninnoe npec+anenne o Boec+nennix Cnax n o
coc+nennox npenasnanennn. mn i+o xyi+ypi iyoxo
nepa+ n +o, n+o Bicmn Pasyx oc+ynen a nonnxanna n
ne anae+ca xapammnx nanaox. Onn neam+ +o, n+o xpoxe
neonenecxoio cosnanna cymec+nye+ cosnanne pac+n+einoio
xnpa n snepe, xo+opoe n o+einix acnex+ax nime neone-
necxoio pasyxa.
3+n mn noc+enenno npnxoa+ x noc+nennm +oio, n+o
+ax nasinaexi nceencxn naxyyx n o+aennoc+i snes ne
oee nex ncnxooinnecxaa nmsna (xaa) conpexennoio
naynnoio xnpa n cymec+nye+ peainoe cosnanne nane+ n
snes, xo+opoe no c+o xpa+ nime neonenecxoio cosnanna. Onn
nonnxam+, n+o n nen+pe xnposanna c+on+ nonce ne neonex
c eio xexnxn naannaxn n naeaxn, a Ma+i Hpnpoa, n
nonenose xo+opo neonenec+no sannxae+ eccxep+nym nnmy,
nepexoa n inepie+nnecxox nne c onoio yponna cosnanna na
pyine, n +ax o ecxonennoc+n.
mn anno xyi+ypi snam+, n+o ]yx i+a nepnoocnona
Bi+na, anaaci inepine, +nopn+ peainoc+i ns 3nepinn, n+o
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7
neci oxpyammn nac xnp enn n on cymec+nye+ n npoanen-
nix n nenpoanennix coc+oannax. H+o aa n paa ne+, a ec+i
nepexo n nnie xnpi n na nnie yponnn cosnanna. mn i+o
xyi+ypi ocosnam+ cea nac+nnaxn Boion. Onn iyoxo nepa+
n cexim, n e+e, n oec+nennoc+i encxoio n xycxoio
nana, n nec+noc+i, n xen+annm, n soponi opas nsnn n
coc+nennoe npenasnanenne.
Moe+ noxasa+ica, n+o +axnx me xao, no onpoci
cnne+eic+nym+, n+o i+o npnxepno xai na+i nspoci
neonex, a i+o oipoxni nponen+ o+ ncex nnymnx na sexe.
O ononennn 3exn n neonenecxoio cosnanna, o +ane
nsxenenna Peainoc+n cxnosi npnsxy Apxanxa n noe+
peni na c+pannnax nac+oame xnnin. ]a i+oio neonenec+ny
nonaon+ca oneni xnoio cni. H i+a cna npooae+ n+i
n omyma+ica n xec+ax, noonix Apxanxy.
www.phoenixbooks.ru
8
1
?
1
?

npeiymnx xnniax ]peno Apxanxa, Kyi+i Apxa-
nxa, Tani Apxanxa a ye nnca o +ox, n+o co na
o+xpi+na Apxanx c+a npexe+ox apxnx cnopon.
]a onnx on npoc+o apxeooinnecxn oex+ nno-
enponecxoio +nna, xapax+epni +oixo a nnnnnsannn
pennnx apnen, a pyinx nxec+nnme neneoxix ]yxon
n Vnn+ee, a +pe+inx qopnoc+ nnonane+an na name
ipemno sexe, a ne+nep+ix c+annna a npnexa xocxn-
necxo inepinn n +.. Mnoio xnenn n nepcn.
]a xena Apxanx i+o qpaixen+ npaponni napoon,
naceammnx nine ne +oixo Poccnm, no n neci Enpasncxn
xon+nnen+. H xo+a caxa xici o i+ox xpaxoina, +ax xax n
+axo panne xyi+ypnoc+n canano-pyccax n pyinx xopen-
nix napoax Poccnn o+xasano anno n ecnonopo+no ncexn
nenxnxn nc+opnxaxn, nannnaa c Iepoo+a, a +ex ne xenee
noynn neonponepnxie annie, n+o eo oc+on+ nxenno
+ax. Pyccxaa xyi+ypa caxaa pennaa xyi+ypa na 3exe, n
ne io nxnx nexen, noynnnmnx iocyapc+nennoc+i o+
napaion. Apxanx i+o ne npnmi qenoxen, a opiannnecxaa
coc+anammaa name penne nc+opnn. 3+o nac+i +eppn+opnn
npo+oiocyapc+na pyccon, +mpox, yipon, a +axe nc+opnnecxaa
npaponna napoon Bnneio Boc+oxa, Hnnn, Kn+aa n Ce-
nepno Axepnxn, n+o ninon+ Poccnm n pani c+pan c ono
ns caxix pennnx xnponix xyi+yp (cx.. Tani Apxanxa,
Poc+on n/]. dennxc, 2007).
www.phoenixbooks.ru
9
]a +oio n+oi noc+niny+i anni qax+, nonaonoci
ocosna+i ceymmee. Mi nnex n c+pannox, qpaixen+n-
ponannox na o+einie o+pacn snann, xnpe, n xo+opox
xaaa o+einaa nayxa nn penina npe+enye+ nmi na
cno npnopn+e+ n snannxoc+i. Bcaxoe nospaenne an+opn+e+y
n i+nx an+ox+onnix paseax nosnanna xnponoio pasnn+na
paccxa+pnnae+ca xax xpaxoa n o+c+ynnnnec+no, a neonex,
onapynnmn npo+nnopenne, ecn on ns cnoe cpei, no-
en+ oc+pyxnnn n nsinannm, a ecn on an+opn+e+ ns pyio
oac+n snann, +o oanae+ca ne+an+ox nn eynenix,
noxycnnmnxca na npec+n nesiexix n ennc+nenno nepnix
xanonon nx nayxn (nanpnxep, 3.P. Myamen, I.B. Hoconc-
xn, A.T. doxenxo n p.).
Ocnonnix xe+oox noc+nenna xnposanna n i+nx o+-
pacax ec+ec+nosnanna anae+ca anans, +.e. pacnenenne na
o+einie coc+anammne neoio anenna n noceymmee
cpannenne noynennix qpaixen+on c ye nxemmnxnca xyc-
xaxn n opinxaxn a yc+anonenna cxoc+na xey nnxn.
Cnn+es, +.e. noynenne neoc+noio npec+anenna o anennn,
xnnya i+an qpaixen+annn onapyennoio qenoxena, npax+n-
necxn o+cy+c+nye+.
Xapax+epnix npnxepox +axnx nayx anae+ca o+enec+nen-
naa apxeooina, xo+opaa ny+ex cpannenna iopmennix opnaxen-
+on n qopxi naxonennnxon c+pe paspona nexoia ennym
nenxym pyccxym xyi+ypy na anpononcxne, aaxyicxne,
apxanxcxne, capxa+cxne, cxnqcxne n pyine pennne coomec-
+na, n xo+opix axoi ne+ xec+a nnnexy pyccxoxy.
Oxoc+enenne apxeooinn omo o +axo c+enenn, n+o
conpexennie apxeooin, nsynammne, nanpnxep, xeni nex,
ne +oixo ne yy+ onnpa+ica na ncceonanna apxn+ex+opon,
an+ponooion n naeon+ooion, no ae ne opa+a+ nnnxa-
nna na nsicxanna cnonx xoei, nsynammnx oee pennne
xyi+ypnie con. H o+xe+y+ n cnonx ninoax onapyennie
pannne qpaixen+i xax ap+eqax+i nn npec+ana+ qax+ nx
onapyenna xax nannne oc+a+xon, ne nxemmnx x annoxy
ncceonannm nnxaxoio o+nomenna n, ceona+eino, ne
sacynnammnx nnnxanna. Hxenno noi+oxy conpexennie
apxeooin nnxoia ne c+any+ paccxa+pnna+i Apxanxcxne io-
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10
poa, onapyennie na Vpae, xax i+an pasnn+na sonec+na
namnx npexon, a, cpannnn n yonnn nx cxoc+no c nexo+opixn
apxn+ex+ypnixn qopxaxn Boc+oxa, yy+ nc+ono oxasina+i,
n+o onn nopoenne i+nx noc+onnix nnnnnsann.
B cnasn c i+nx nepni xo xe+o nsynenna apxanxcxo-
io qenoxena cnn+es snann, naxonennix n pasnnnix
nayxax. xyi+ypooinn, apxn+ex+ype, ieoipaqnn, nooinn,
nc+opnn, n+epa+ype, qnocoqnn, asixosnannn, xnqooinn,
qoixope. Apxeooina e, no xoexy xnennm, nmi cnoco
onapyenna pennnx oc+anxon n nn n xoex cynae ne xoe+
npe+enona+i na poi oacnn+eino cnn+e+nnecxo nayxn.
Hooni cnn+es cpasy e nosnon oxna+n+i nenoa-
mmneca nonnxannm n npannino nn+epnpe+annn qax+i,
naxonennie n o+einix o+pacax neonenecxoio snanna. To,
n+o panime xasaoci neyonnxix, ne coc+ixoninaoci n ne
cxonoci, c+ao oc+ynnix pasyxennm n noopaennm.
B+opix xe+oooinnecxnx noxoox x nsynennm apxa-
nxcxo xyi+ypi y xena anam+ca coxnenna n npannnoc+n
ncxonix xa+epnaon, na xo+opix sne+ca oqnnnainaa
nc+opna, nannnaa c xponooinn n xonnaa ninoaxn. ]a, cox-
nenna n +ox, n+o npnnnxaexie n nac+oamee npexa sa oixy
nc+opnnecxne cneenna nc+nnni.
3+o nopoeno nyxa oc+oa+eic+naxn. Hepnoe nosnoa-
e+ ocosna+i, n+o c noanennex xnponix penin nca nc+opna
neonenec+na ia nepenncana, a peainie coi+na, eimne
n ocnony peninosnix ynenn, nmeni npoc+panc+nenno-npe-
xennix napaxe+pon. Hanpnxep, npeanne o Bcexnpnox no+one
ne nxee+ ieoipaqnnecxnx npnnasox. H xo+a nynxym+ca cen-
cannonnie cneenna o onapyennn Hoena xonneia na iope
Apapa+, ceon no+ona na Kanxase ne+. A no+ no oc+a+onnix
ieooinnecxnx npnsnaxax (a +axnx npnsnaxon n Vpaicxox
peinone, ocoenno na Knox Vpae, coxpannoci xnoio)
ec+nn+eino xono y+nepa+i, n+o pennemaa nc+opna
neonenec+na cnasana nonce ne c Bnnnx Boc+oxox, a nxen-
no c Vpaox, npnnex nepeceenne napoon mo c Vpaa, a
ne naoopo+. He cynano n cxannnancxnx caiax npaponno
nopxanncxnx napoon cnn+ae+ca sexa x noc+oxy o+ pexn Ta-
naxcnni (cp. Tanaix), ie cymec+nona xnqnnecxn iopo
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11
oion no nasnannex Aciap, (cp. Acxap). To ec+i amxnpcxn
inoc Vpa-a+ip qax+nnecxn anae+ca nonec+nonannex o
Bcexnpnox no+one.
B+opoe oc+oa+eic+no neci nsnanaini nac+ penne
pyccxo nc+opnn i nepexpoen n pesyi+a+e +pexco+e+neio
nainec+na ioim+nncxo-iepxancxo nnac+nn Poxanonix
n yioy oocnonanna ein+nxnoc+n nx npanenna n nx axoi
cnacn+eino xnccnn a Poccnn.
Ceymmn xe+o, xo+opi a npeon a nsynenna
penne pyccxo xyi+ypi, ncnoisonanne nninnc+nnec-
xnx annix n cone+annn c nooinnecxnxn, ieoipaqnnecxnxn
n nc+opnnecxnxn cneennaxn pyinx nayx. 3+o+ xo an+opcxn
xe+o nooinnecxo +ononnxnxn n onoxac+nxn (cx.. B. Hy-
+ennxnn. Kyiapnn. Bno+ononnxnnecxoe oocnonanne inno+esi
nponcxoenna n pacceenna ypaicxnx (Vpancxnx) napoon n
neox n amxnp n nac+noc+n. Vqa, 2000). On npec+anae+ca
nanoee npnexexix a noc+nenna n npon+enna caxix
iynnnix coen pennepyccxo xyi+ypi n nc+opnn.
Cymnoc+i i+oio xe+oa saxmnae+ca n pacmnqponxe pen-
nnx con, xo+opie nax npec+anam+ca npoc+ixn conaxn,
no na ee n nnx coepa+ca oneni opasnie n oc+onepnie
coomenna.
Bosixex, x npnxepy, cono xnasi. B conpexennox asi-
xosnannn i+o cono osnanae+ nopancxn +n+y, npnnae-
noc+i x napcxo cexie, caxoepna nac+n Pyccxo sexn,
naeina oimoio noxec+ia.
Coiacno xoexy xe+oy, xnasi i+o conococ+annoe
cono, coc+oamee ns nyx npoc+ix KH (c:aenn. xni, xoni)
n A3 (ac, +.e. neon+ei). Taxnx opasox, cono xnasi
(xniac) osnanae+. xonni ac nn Boi na xone. Hcnoisya
i+o+ xe+o, xono nponnxny+i n caxie coxponennie +ani
penneio xnpa. Cono nenno, ono nmi nnonsxenae+ca.
Hpannino nponn+a+i eio nsnanaini cxic osnanae+
noo+n x nc+nne. 2 nannca i+o cono, n xoexy noopaennm
annca on ncannx, saxonanni n cnepxammne a+i, noy-
oi-noyneonex, nonn-nn+asi, samn+nnx sexn Pyccxo.
He+nep+i xe+o xoxnosnnnonnoe npoex+nponanne
apxn+ex+ypnix qopx nc+opnnecxn naceennix xec+ Poccnn
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12
c yne+ox iannix +onex xapxaca peieqa. 3+o+ xe+o pen-
neio npoex+nponanna c+pon+eic+na nnm o+xpi+ sanono,
nocc+anonen n paspao+an apxn+ex+opox Ianno Hnxoa-
enno Paccoxnno, onen+ox Caxapcxoio iocyapc+nennoio
apxn+ex+ypno-c+pon+einoio ynnnepcn+e+a. 3+o+ xe+o ea
n ocnone nceio penneio pyccxoio ipaoc+pon+eic+na, nos-
noaa cosana+i iapxonnnnie anmaq+no-apxn+ex+ypnie
xoxnexci.
Baenne annix xe+oox nosnoao namnx npexax
ne +oixo neaino nnncina+i iopo nn ceo n oxpyammee
npnponoe npoc+panc+no, no n cosana+i snann+einie no
nennnne soni nocnpna+na iannix oxnnan+ ny+ex conxe-
menna oce xoxnosnnnonnoio xapxaca iopoa c npnponixn
ocaxn. nsynnnaxn pex, iopnixn xpe+axn n o+xpi+ixn
npoc+panc+naxn.
]a noacnenna i+oio xe+oa opa+nxca x apxn+ex+ype Ap-
xanxa, pennemeio ns iopoon, onapyennix na +eppn+opnn
name c+pani, xo+opoe apxeooina no xaooocnonannix
cpannn+einix npnsnaxax o+neca n paspa nnosexnix
noceenn, nncxoixo ne sayxinaaci na +ex, nonexy na-
xe+p penneio iopoa en+, xax yxasinae+ca pasnnnixn
ncceona+eaxn, n npeeax 143145 x. Ho, no xonx annix
(a a nponepa i+o necxoixo pas), +onni naxe+p iopoa panen
144 x cpenec+a+nc+nnecxn naxe+p noce 30 npoxepon.
Bosnnxae+ nonpoc, na xo+opi apxeooina ne xoe+ a+i
o+ne+a. nonexy ne 150 nn 200 x a ponnoio cne+a, a nxenno
144? I.H. Paccoxnna cnn+ae+, n+o nospac+ammn xoyini
pa 1,8 x 3,6 x 7,2 x 14,4 x 28,8 x 57,6 x saana
nennnny (nico+y n nani) pennepyccxnx apxn+ex+ypnix
n ipaoc+pon+einix oex+on. Hanpnxep, nannpononni
xoyi i. Caxapi, pacnooenni paox c penne pyccxo
nnnnnsanne Mypanox, coc+ana 28,8 x (I.H. Paccoxnna.
Me+o xoxnosnnnonnoio npoex+nponanna. Caxapa. Caxapcx.
ioc. apx.-c+pon+. yn-+., 2006). He+pyno +enepi nona+i, n+o
nannpononni xoyi Apxanxa i 14,4 x. O+cma naxe+p
Apxanxa panen eio 10 nannpononnix xoyax, +.e. 144 x.
Tax xicnn pennne pyccxne apxn+ex+opi, nannpya cnon
iopoa.
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13
Ha+i xe+o (ianni) +ma+einoe ncceonanne
pennepyccxoio npanocanna. peninn pyccon, coomenno nx
nenocpec+nenno Boiaxn Hepynox n ]aioiox n Ca-
nano-apncxnx Beax.
Bec+o xe+o i+o nsynenne pasnnnix nc+onnnxon,
o+paammnx xonqnxannn peninosnix nosspenn namnx
npexon. B nnx napay c npanocannex, xono nc+pe+n+i
cneenna o pasnix xyi+ax, o nce cnc+exe +pannnonnix
naponix npec+anenn o oxpyammex xnpe.
3+ani pasnn+na pannnx qopx neponann, xax oxasan
ynenie, nepaspinno cnasani c pasnn+nex omec+na, c nc+opn-
necxnxn ocoennoc+axn eio nsnn n ea+einoc+n. Hanpnxep,
C.A. Toxapen y+nepae+, n+o x nncy pennemnx no cnoexy
nponcxoennm qopx neponann xono o+nec+n. +o+exnsx,
neonc+no, snaxapc+no.
Onn xopena+ca n yconnax nsnn eme nepnoi+nix
me. Boee nosnnxn qopxaxn peninn, o+paammnxn
ye nponecci pasoenna omnnno-poonoio c+poa, ceye+
cnn+a+i. nnnnnannn, npoxiconi xyi+, cexeno-poo-
no xyi+ cna+ini n noxponn+ee, na+pnapxaini xyi+
npexon, naiyansx, xyi+ noe, xyi+ nexennoio oia,
aipapnie xyi+i.
Hoacnnx i+y cxexy na npnxepe pasnn+na xyi+a noxa y
pyccon, xo+opi nosnnx eme o +oio, xax ocnonnix nx sana-
+nex c+ao sexeene n cxo+onoc+no.
Oxo+nnxn nepnn, n+o nxne nno+nie anam+ca nx
npapon+eaxn. Bosxono, Iepoo+ c+a cnne+eex noo-
noio opaa. 3+n mn (no-xoexy) oopo+nn. Bei cxnqi
n inni, xo+opie nny+ n Cxnqnn, ionopa+, n+o pas n io
xai canannn c+anonn+ca noxox na necxoixo ne n
sa+ex cnona nosnpamae+ca n cnoe npenee coc+oanne. ]pyine
nc+onnnxn +axe ionopa+ o +ox, n+o n +e aexne npexena y
namnx npexon xyi+ noxa i mnpoxo pacnpoc+panen. 3+o
xono oacnn+i +ex, n+o nox yannni oxo+nnx, no-
ono exy mn cymec+nonan sa cne+ oxo+i. O+cma eanne
nopaa+i i+oxy nno+noxy, n+o o+pasnoci n oxo+nnninx
pn+yaax. nacxax n snepnnix mxypax, xo+opie nepepac+am+
n npoxiconym xainm.
www.phoenixbooks.ru
14
Boia+i i+noipaqnnecxn xa+epna nosnoae+ npocen+i
inomnnm peninosno-xainnecxnx n peninosno-xnqooinnec-
xnx npec+anenn, cnasannix c npoxiconixn opaaxn n,
xono cxasa+i, pasnnnmnxca na nx nonne. Hepnonanaino i+o
ia nepa n xainm, cnepxec+ec+nennym cny caxoio neonenec-
xoio ec+nna. Ho noc+enenno, no xepe omeio nc+opnnecxoio
pasnn+na, nponcxona nepconnqnxanna i+nx xainnecxnx npe-
c+anenn, onn nce oime npnnnxan qopxy annxnc+nnecxnx
(xnqooinnecxnx) opason. To e c+ao n c xyi+ox noxa. 3+oio
snepa nannnam+ naea+i nyecnixn cnoc+naxn.
Ha cxeny oxo+e npnxoa+ cxo+onoc+no n sexeene. Onn
c+anona+ca ocnonnixn sana+naxn neonexa. Coo+ne+c+nenno,
noanam+ca n nonie xyi+i, cnasannie c nnxn. Kyi+ noxa
ncnesae+.
Ceixo xe+o nsynenna penne pyccxo xyi+ypi i+o
ncceonanne +ax nasinaexix xaix qoixopnix qopx.
Bo xnoinx qoixopnix +exc+ax xnqooinnecxaa cnxnonxa
npec+ae+ n npeopasonannox nne. 3+o o+nocn+ca, npee
nceio, x saionopax, cnax n nx +oxonannax, saiaxax, xo-
+opie coxpannn cei iyoxo apxanxn. 3aoenni n
nnx cxic pacxpinae+ca ne npaxo, a c yne+ox xainnecxo
qynxnnn cona, noi+nnecxoio nnocxasanna. Boome xaie
qoixopnie +exc+i nani xa+epna a pexonc+pyxnnn
xyi+ypooinnecxnx npec+anenn, +ax xax onn nxem+ yc+o-
nnni qopxyini xapax+ep. Kpoxe saionopon n saiaox i+o
saxnnanna, npoxa+na, qopxyi ynemenanna n saapnnanna
snepe, sanyinnanna e+e. Taxo e yc+onnni xapax+ep
nxem+ pannie qopxyi, coepamne cpannenna c nno+-
nixn. B noi+nnecxo qopxe +pannnonnie neponanna o+pasn-
nci n pasnnnix anpax e+cxoio qoixopa n n nomenix
cxasxax. Onn, necxo+pa na pynie npo+ec+i oqnnnaino
nayxn n +o+an+apnix penin, anam+ca nanoee +onno
nnqopxanne o caxix pennnx coax pyccxo xyi+ypi.
Hcnoisya nocixo xe+o, xnponosspenne n xyi+ypy
namnx npexon xono o+nac+n nocc+anonn+i c noxomim
nponsneenn pennepyccxo n+epa+ypi n apxeooinnecxnx
annix, nanncannix nenpensa+ixn e+onncnaxn n noy-
nennix ne+enennnosnixn ncceona+eaxn.
www.phoenixbooks.ru
15
Coennnn nnqopxannm pasnix nc+onnnxon, nopaaemica
+oxy, xax nocc+ae+, conno n+nna dennxc ns nena, nennec-
+nennaa pyccxaa xyi+ypa.
Mne nac+o saam+ nonpoc. Honexy Bi npn ncceona-
nnax caxix pennnx coen pyccxo xyi+ypi, n +ox nnce
n Apxanxa, ne coo+nocn+e cnon annie c annixn +ex nayx,
xo+opie ncnoisonan a a+nponanna pennnx naxoox
panoyieponi anans?
Mo o+ne+ +axon. Bo-nepnix, eme cax nsope+a+ei xe+o-
a panoyieponoio anansa Vniax nn npeoc+epeia
cnonx noceona+ee o+ cenoio onepna pesyi+a+ax nc-
ceonann. H on, xax nn c+panno, oxasaca acom+no npan.
O+nocn+ica x pesyi+a+ax, noynennix c noxomim i+oio
xe+oa, ceye+ ecn ne cxen+nnecxn, +o c oimo oc+opo-
noc+im, +ax xax in onapyeni snann+einie nsxenenna
cxopoc+n opasonanna yiepoa-14 n sanncnxoc+n o+ xnxa+a,
npexenn ioa n ieoipaqnnecxoio nooenna. Bio yc+anon-
eno +axe, n+o xonnen+panna yiepoa-14 necixa sanncn+
o+ xocxnnecxo panannn, yponeni xo+opo pesxo xenam+
xoeanna xainn+noio noa 3exn, ie iannym poi nipae+
cxemenne xainn+nix nomcon 3exn.
Ha ceionamnn eni pa ynenix cnn+ae+ cpene noi-
pemnoc+im i+oio xe+oa 1100 (!) e+. Bin cynan n oT imnx
pacxoenn. Kax i+o io oxasano? Commci na sapye-
nie ncceonanna.
Hpnxep nepni. B cepiesno nayxe cymec+nye+ npanno
nepenponepxn, n ec+i, oxasinae+ca, cnoco npoxon+ponpona+i
panoax+nnni xe+o na oex+ax necixa non+ennoio nospac-
+a. Hsnec+no, n+o nexo+opie nni epenien, nponspac+ammnx
na sanae CBA, nxem+ nospac+ nopaxa necxoixnx +ican
e+. Hecxoixo opasnon +axnx epenien in ncnoisonani
a cpannenna a+i, naenno panoyieponix xe+oox,
c a+o, noynenno ny+ex nocne+a ioonix xoen (a
naenoc+n +axo nocne+ ney+ c noxomim xnxpocxona).
Hocxoixy +onnoc+i a+nponxn no ioonix xoinax npnnnxa-
e+ca xax axcnoxa, i+o+ xe+o neaino noxon+ a nponepxn
panoyiepono a+nponxn. Coepanne yiepoa-14 n c+a-
pemex ioonox xoine noxasao nospac+ nopaxa 8000 e+,
www.phoenixbooks.ru
16
a +onni nocne+ xoen y epenien nceio 5362 ioa. Hae-
noc+i panoyieponoio xe+oa, xax xi nnnx, ne noynna
no+nepenna. ]pyinxn conaxn, ixc+panoanna nasa na
oimne nepnoi npexenn npeycxa+pnnae+ onymenna, ne
noammneca c+poio nponepxe.
Hpnxep n+opo. B xap+oncxox noxepe axepnxancxoio
ypnaa Henep sa 1970 i. coomaoci o ncceonannn
opiannnecxoio xa+epnaa, coepanmeioca n c+pon+einox
pac+nope onoio anincxoio saxxa, io +onno nsnec+no,
n+o saxox noc+poen 787 e+ nasa, onaxo a+nponanne no
nso+ony
14
C ao nospac+ 7370 e+.
Hpnxep +pe+n. Hpn a+nponannn +oixo n+o o+c+peen-
nix +mene no nso+ony
14
C nx nospac+ onpeenn n 1300
e+, a xyxnqnnnponannie +pyni +mene, yxepmnx 30 e+
nasa, in a+nponani xax nxemmne nospac+ n 4600 e+.
Hpnxep ne+nep+i. Hpn pacnne onoio ns oxon einne+c-
xnx nnpaxn n 2006 i. i onapyen neonenecxn nooc, n+o
nonce ne onponepiae+ +esnc o nicoxox c+pon+einox xac+epc+ne
]penneio Einn+a. Bino onosnanen. nnpaxni noc+poeni
ns ncxycc+nennix oxon no +nny namnx maxoe+onnix
xonc+pyxnn. Cnana+i no Hny xonon+i ne io nnxaxo
neoxonxoc+n, o+nnxn xono io nsio+annna+i npaxo na
xec+e c+pon+eic+na. Ceona+eino, ynn+inaa nonimenni
npnponi qon panoax+nnnoc+n xa+epnaon n nx cnoconoc+i
naxannna+i nnemnee nsynenne, xe+o panoyiepono a+n-
ponxn, sa xo+opi no-npenexy nenae+ca neci naynni xnp, x
nnpaxnax nenpnxennx. Hx nospac+ concex pyio, neen +o+,
o xo+opox nac yeae+ apxeooinnecxaa nayxa. Tonno +axe,
na xo nsia, oc+on+ eo n c Apxanxox.
Boime nceio xena nonye+ nonpoc. K+o onn (apxanxni)
in no ]yxy? Kaxnxn xapax+epnc+nxaxn nnno yxonno
cni onn oaan? Bin n onn oinnixn mixn?
Hoc+enenno, no xepe nsynenna apxanxcxoio qenoxena a c+a
npec+ana+i nx xax noyoion.
ynme nceio o i+ox iacn+ pennaa eiena. Ee xne
paccxasa xec+ni xoneno xasax Caen.
Hamn c+ennie npeanna ionopa+ o ceymmex. Bi +oia
Paccne+ Mnpa npexa, nxemmee nanao, no ne nxemmee
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17
xonna. Bo npexa Paccne+a Boin-npexn noc+ponn Apxanx n
sacenn eio mixn Cne+a. Boin-npexn yc+anonnn xec+ni
omnnno-poono c+po n eio Hpanna (Koni). Hepnie apxa-
nxni noxnnn eme, n+o onn anam+ca no+oxxaxn nenxnx
Boinni noopona n xynnn Boion npapon+ee.
Ionopa+, n+o apxanxni ciopen. Ho onn in eccxep+ni.
Hexo+opie ns nnx in yn+i n nosnecnci na neeca. ]pyine
npenpa+nnci n xaxnn, +pe+in c+an ponnxaxn, no nx nennaa
cymnoc+i oc+aaci npene. Onn xax in nac+im Hpnpoi,
+ax n oc+anci. Mi ne nnnx nx, a onn nac a. H oann.
Hnxoxy ne neoxo, n+o nponcxon+ c yxepmnxn mixn.
Onn ionopa+, n+o onn npooam+ n+i, pyine n+o nx
oime ne+. O i+ox a n xo+e i osna+ica.
2 o+oponeo cxo+pe na Camxy. Ho cy+n, on cxasa xne.
Hame yxonnoe, inepie+nnecxoe 2 ne xoe+ paspymn+ica.
Ono noinae+ nmi n +ox cynae, ecn y+pannnae+ coc+nen-
nym nny+pennmm Cny. A ncaxaa Cna+oc+i (conepmennoe co-
o+ne+c+nne non npanc+nennoxy saxony) +peye+ nponnenna
nnepe. Taxoe nponnenne nosxono nmi npn ecxonennox
cymec+nonannn onoio n +oio e pasyxnoio cymec+na, +. e. nne
cxep+noio nasxennoio neonexa, oaammeio nenepoa+nixn
qnsnnecxnxn n yxonnixn xonnnnaxn..
Ho+epan cnasi co cnonxn npexaxn, xi y+pa+nn nosxo-
noc+i naxonenna Cni, apymme eccxep+ne. Ho mn na
nnc+nnx+nnnox yponne nync+nym+, n+o +axym Cny xono
opec+n n pennnx caxpainix nen+pax.
Apxanx i+o n ec+i +axo nen+p. 3+o ne +oixo nama
npaponna, i+o eme n coxponennoe xnc+nnecxoe cpeo+onne
Cni 3exn, saxmnammee n cee nacene Conenno ]n-
nac+nn nopon+ee n saxonoa+ee ncex me, nnymnx
n ninemnmm inoxy. 3+o +annc+nennaa nosexnaa c+pana
iopoon neonanno nocc+aa na nonepxnoc+i, n n ne, n
neneoxix nax eme nsxepennax, o cnx nop nny+ pennne
nocnamennie, +ano pyxonoamne xoox xnponix coi+n.
Ecn eca+i e+ +oxy nasa a onoino cxen+nnecxn iae
na +ex me, xo+opie paccxasinan xne o +annc+nennix
nop+aax Apxanxa, coennammnx conpexennoe npexa c an-
no npomemnxn coi+naxn, +o cenac oneni nnnxa+eino
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18
o+nomyci x mo nnqopxannn, nyme o+ +axnx me.
Cnmxox xnoio connaenn, n+oi n nnx ne coepaoci
sepno nc+nni.
Konenno, xnqi o Apxanxe xenee pacnpoc+paneni, nex
xnqi o Baxae, +ex ne xenee Apxanx anae+ca ennc+nen-
nix na ceionamnn eni, n o+nnne o+ eme ne o+xpi+o
Baxai, nonnnix cpeo+onnex iso+epnnecxoio nocname-
nna. Apxanx npo+nnoc+on+ exonnnecxo ncenoyxonnoc+n
Baxai, xo+opaa nonn+inae+ neooinm +eocoqon, oxxyi-
+nc+on n cnnpn+on cnoe qan+ac+nnecxo nosxonoc+im no+n
n npaxo xon+ax+ c Boiaxn-nepnonpexaxn n nonepnny+i o+
nnx Cny.
Ie Baxaa, x+o ee nne? A Apxanx nepe naxn, na
Knox Vpae, n o+poiax caxix pennnx iop na 3exe.
Hsynaa Apxanx, xi nosnaex caxoe iannoe. ns neio npo-
ncxon+ nsni, xax nnie cymec+na noannnci na 3exe, n+o
+axoe Heonex n n nex saxmnae+ca eio Cna? H +oixo seci,
a ne n xnc+nnecxo Baxae xi xoex no+n n xon+ax+ c
Boec+nox.
2
?

a 3exe xnoio +annc+nennix xec+, nonix saiaox n

noxpi+ix saiaonnix coex nin nc+opnn xec+,
ie omymae+ca nnanne neoinno cni.
K+o, nanpnxep, ne cima o Cmo:oeo eope n Aqpnxe
(oxoo Ken+ayna), o iope Lacma (CBA, Kanqopnna), o
iopoe I:acmon6epu n Aninn, o xec+e Fapnak no dpannnn,
o iope Fa:ac (Tne+) nn o nupa+u0ax e Iu:e
3+n snaxenn+ie xec+a cni npn+ainnam+ eca+xn n co-
+nn +ican +ypnc+on n io, naoxnnxon, me, nymnx no
ny+n conepmenc+na, acnonnamnx, nen+ee, ixc+pacencon,
n npoc+ix me, c+pexamnxca nsxenn+i cnoe naoenmee
oiennoe cymec+nonanne.
Mec+a cni naxoa+ca n ysax +ax nasinaexo xpnc-
+annecxo peme+xn 3exn. Hocxoixy 3exa noc+oanno
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19
inomnnonnpye+, pasnnnae+ca, n xpnc+annecxaa peme+xa,
cnasannaa c xainn+nix noex 3exn, cxemae+ca, +o n xec+a
cni, nosxono, ne nny+ nenno. Onn no nepexemam+ca,
no sa+yxam+, no nosnnxam+ n nonix xec+ax.
Tax, nanpnxep, Cmoynxen0 n Aninn, no xoexy xnennm,
ye ne anae+ca xec+ox cni, +oia xax n pennoc+n +ya
c+exanci panenie n oinie, aymne ncneenna o+ cnonx
neyion. Kc+a+n, nsnanaino C+oynxen noome i xec+ox
noipeenna n oc+anaca +axonix npnxepno o cepenni III
+icanee+na o name ipi. A no+ Apxanx, o xo+opox noe+
peni n anno xnnie, nanpo+nn, anae+ca o+nocn+eino nonix
xomnix xec+ox cni.
B xec+ax cni nac+o xono nc+pe+n+i pasnnnie no-
c+poxn, coopyennie n pasnoe npexa, xonnen+pa+opi
inepinn. Hanpnxep, xan+ponie xoeca, oixeni, c+yni
(yncxaa apxn+ex+ypa), naconnn, xeian+nnecxne oex+i
Beoxopia n +. .
Kpoxe o+xenennix nime nasonex eme nanoee nsnec+nie
xec+a cni na 3exe. Iopa Apynaua:a (Hnna, i. Tnpynanna-
xaa). Cnamennaa iopa Apynanaa cnn+ae+ca C+oox Cne+a,
ns xo+opoio annca oi Bnna.
Mnoec+no xnqon n eien cnasinam+ca c Fa:aco+.
He+ipe xnponie peninn cnn+am+ cnamennix xec+ox. nn-
ync+i nepa+, n+o Kaac anae+ca xocxnnecxnx nen+pox
xnposanna, n nxenno +ax nne+ xoiymec+nenni oi
Bnna, a pacnooennoe paox cnamennoe osepo Manacaponap
cosano oiox Bpaxo. B nnync+cxo +pannnn cymec+-
nye+ xnqnnecxaa iopa Mepy, coo+ne+c+nymmaa Kaacy.
B Maxaxapa+e ona onncinae+ca xax neymmaa neeca n nx
caxo nimnne, cnammaa xax y+pennee conne, xax oioni ne
sa+yxanenni ixox, nensxepnxaa, n a me necymnx
ipex neoc+ynnaa.
]ani nonn+am+ Kaac xax xec+o, ie nx nepni cna+o
oc+ni ocnooenna.
B nc+opnn peninn Bon nepni xac+ep Tonina Benpa
come c neec nxenno na iope Kaac.
B ynsxe cnn+ae+ca, n+o na Kaace nne+ ]exnox,
inennaa qopxa Byi Baxiaxynn (anaoina c Bnno). Ka-
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344

..................................................... 3
.............................................................. 5
1. ? ...................8
1. ? ............................................ 8
2. ? ........................... 18
3.
( ) ............................................ 37
4. ...........50
5. ........................66
6. ............................................ 78
7. ...............................................94
8. .............................. 98
2. ......... 107
1. ,
......................................................... 107
2. ? ......................................118
3. ......................... 127
4. ................................. 147
5. ........................................ 152
6. ,
........................ 157
3. ............... 166
1. ................. 166
2. (
) ........................................................................ 175
www.phoenixbooks.ru
3. ......... 182
4. ,
.................................................................. 197
5. ....................... 199
6. .......................................................... 203
7.
.....................................................................................212
8. .......................................221
9. ................................... 233
10. ................................................. 236
11. ..................... 244
4. ........................... 254
1. ? ............. 254
2.
.................................................................................. 260
3. ? .................................. 269
4. ....... 275
5. ............ 279
6. .......................... 287
7. ............................ 295
8. ............................ 297
10. .................................. 303
, ................................333
........................................................ 340
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Cepna Knnia-cencanna

MECTO CHB IOPO] APKAHM
B nouckax ympauennoeo pan
O+ne+c+nenni peax+op H. Xu:nkoe
Texnnnecxn peax+op H. Baepnnueea
Xyonnx A. Bapmanoe
Koppex+opi H. Hukanopoea, E. Foeenukoea
Honncano n ne na+i 04.03.09.
dopxa+ 84108/32. Byx. +nn N 2.
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