--

2 0 1 0

jnmqoej kej0hi
B.H. Henenen
H: 0anue c e 0t +oe ,
uc npae :e nnoe u 0ono:ne nnoe
o%%K, C%%2%"*, * .*==
232%" "3%"
www.phoenixbooks.ru
,K 94(47)(075.8)
EEK 63.3(2)a73
KTK 031
H 37
Henenen B. H.
H 37 Hc+opna Poccnn . xoncnex+ exnn . nocone a
noio+onxn x ixsaxenax a c+yen+on nyson / B.H. Be-
neen. Hs. 7-e, ncnp. n on. Poc+on n/] . dennxc,
2010. 250, [1] c. (3ane+ n ixsaxen).
ISBN 978-5-222-17302-2
B noconn paccxa+pnnam+ca nce ocnonnie +exi ynenoio
xypca Hc+opna Poccnn, ae+ca xoncnex+nnnoe nsoenne o+-
ne+on na ixsaxenannonnie nonpoci.
Hcnoisya annoe nocone npn noio+onxe x cane ixsaxe-
non, c+yen+i cxoiy+ n ca+ie cpoxn cnc+exa+nsnpona+i n
xon xpe+nsnpona+i noynennie n xoe ynei snanna.
Vnenoe nocone noio+oneno n coo+ne+c+nnn c +peona-
nnaxn iocyapc+nennoio c+anap+a Pd. Hpenasnaneno a
c+y en+on iyxann+apnix n ec+ec+nennonaynnix cnennainoc+e
nicmnx ynenix saneenn, a +axe ncex, x+o nn+epecye+ca no-
n pocaxn o+enec+nenno nc+opnn.
V]K 94(47)(075.8)
BBK 63.3(2)a73
ISBN 978-5-222-17302-2
Beneen B.H., 2010
Oqopxenne. OOO dennxc, 2010
www.phoenixbooks.ru
3

Hocone, xo+opoe ni epn+e n pyxax, coepn+ n xonnen+-

pnponannox nne snann+einym nac+i nnqopxannn, neoxonxo
a +oio, n+oi noio+onn+ica x ycnemno cane ixsaxena no
nc+opnn Poccnn.
Pao+aa c i+nx noconex, noxnn+e, n+o ono ne saxenn+ nax
ynennx, onaxo noxoe+ sa neoimo npoxey+ox npexenn on-
peen+i c+eneni name io+onnoc+n x ixsaxeny, niann+i caie
xec+a, nxnnnpona+i npoei n snannax.
Hannnaa noio+onxy x ixsaxeny, noc+apa+eci npannino pac-
npeen+i cnoe npexa n cni. Hon+openne xa+epnaa nannna+e
c +ex nonpocon, xo+opie nisinam+ y nac nanoimne +pynoc+n.
Opa+n+e +axe nnnxanne na npnnnnno-cec+nennie cnasn, cy-
mec+nenno-snannxie qax+i n coi+na.
Hoxnn+e, n+o ixsaxen nceia npeycxa+pnnae+ xnoioypon-
nenym nponepxy snanna n nxmnae+ ceymmne xoxnonen+i.
a) snanne qax+on, coi+n, anenn, +.e. +ex cneenn, xo+opie
+peye+ca sanoxnn+i n nocnponsnec+n, ) snanne nona+n, xa+eio-
pn, cnocoa nx cnasn n saxoni, n) yxenne on+nxaino opiannso-
na+i n nic+pon+i xicn+einie onepannn na ocnone noynennix
snann, i) oinxy nsoenna.
O+ne+ na ixsaxenannonni nonpoc oen c+pon+ica n coo+ne+-
c+nnn c onpeeennix aiopn+xox. Hpnxepni aiopn+x o+ne+a na
mo nonpoc no nc+opnn Poccnn xoe+ i+i ceymmnx.
1. Xponooina (npexa coi+na).
2. Teopna nonpoca (onpeeenne asonoio nona+na, pasnnnie
+onxn spenna).
3. Hpnnnni (ixonoxnnecxne, connainie, non+nnecxne,
yxonnie).
4. Xo coi+n (ocnonnie i+ani nn nanpanenna).
5. 3nanenne (poi, onenxa, nocec+nna).
Hpn o+ne+e opa+n+e nnnxanne na oomenna, pacxpi+ne o-
innecxo cnasn anenn n saxonoxepnoc+e. Hsaiaexi o+ne+ na
ixsaxenannonni nonpoc ceye+ nic+panna+i n coo+ne+c+nnn c
nanox. B i+ox cynae npenoana+ei cpasy e cxoe+ onenn+i
ne +oixo xpyi nonpocon, xo+opie ni ye+e paccxa+pnna+i, no
n namy cnoconoc+i oinnecxn xicn+i n ipaxo+no nic+panna+i
o+ne+. Hpnxepni nan o+ne+a ae+ca n annox noconn no xa-
oxy ns nonpocon ynenoio xypca.
www.phoenixbooks.ru
4
WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW
1

1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
1. nanaa coc+annaa nac+i iyxann+apnoio opasona-
nna. Ee npexe+ox anae+ca nsynenne ea+einoc+n n ec+nn
me, nce conoxynnoc+n o+nomenn neonenecxoio omec+na.
Kopnn nc+opnn yxoa+ n iyoxym pennoc+i. Heoxonxoc+i sa-
noxnna+i coi+na, qax+i n nepeana+i ceymmnx noxoennax
ypoxn nsnn nosnnxa c qopxnponannex cosnanna neonexa.
ocxicenne
saxonoxepnoc+e n yacnenne ocnonnix qax+on coi+n nc+opn-
necxoio pasnn+na c+pani c pennoc+n o namnx ne. Opamenne
x nc+opnn Poccnn noxoiae+ nona+i nac+oamee, na+n o+ne+i na
ax+yainie nonpoci npexenn. x+o xi, o+xya nimn, xya nex,
no nxa neio? Hpn ncex cnoeopasnn, nenoxoec+n, ynnxainoc+n
nponcxoamnx nine n name c+pane nepexen, coi+n, n nnx xo-
no na+n cxonie nep+i npomoio. Hx ocxicenne n oomenne
noxoe+ xenime omna+ica n nac+oamex n ninpa+i nanoee
nepnie opnen+npi n yymex.
Hc+opna oaae+ oipoxnix nocnn+a+einix nosec+nnex.
Ve nc+opnxn pennoc+n nnen saany n +ox, n+oi nipaa+ina+i
y nenon coomec+na nicoxym npanc+nennoc+i n ipaancxne xa-
nec+na. Bo nce noceymmne nepnoi nocnn+a+einix qynxnnax
nc+opnn o+nonaci ncxmnn+eino nanaa poi. Bocnn+a+ei-
noe snanenne nxem+ coi+na, qax+i, noc+ynxn n ea+einoc+i
nc+opnnecxnx nnnoc+e. Bes snanna npomoio cnoeio napoa n
neonenec+na n neox neisa cnn+a+i cea xyi+ypnix neone-
xox. Opasonanni neonex ne xoe+ pannoymno o+nocn+ica x
c+paannax me, necnpanennoc+n, x ieponnecxnx noc+ynxax
cnonx npexon.
www.phoenixbooks.ru
5
2. i+o cnc+exa npnnnnnon n xe+oon
nc+opnnecxoio nosnanna. Hanoee pacnpoc+panennixn o nean-
neio npexenn in nosn+nnnc+cxaa n xapxcnc+cxaa opnen+annn
n nc+opnnecxox nosnannn. Hepnaa asnpye+ca na noon+einox
(nosn+nnnox) snannn, ocnonannox na oni+e. B+opaa na xa+e-
pnanc+nnecxo naex+nxe.
3. i+o oinnecxaa cxexa, noacnammaa nc+opnnecxne
qax+i. Mono nien+i +pn +eopnn nc+opnnecxoio nponecca.
B - npexe+ox nsynenna an-
ae+ca nnenne neonexa x Boiy, cnasi neonexa c Bicmnx
pasyxox.
Bo - omexnpono npo-
ipecc neonenec+na, nosnoammn noyna+i no nospac+amme
xa+epnainie aia. Bce napoi npoxoa+ nepes onn n +e e
c+ann npoipecca. B paxxax i+o +eopnn cymec+nym+ +pn nanpan-
enna qopxannonnoe, nepainoe n +exnooinnecxoe.
B - npexe+ nsynenna oxai-
nie nnnnnsannn.
B xapxcnc+cxo nc+opnxo-xa+epnanc+nnecxo xonnennnn xo-
nenno npnnnno n pemamme nnyme cno ncex nanemnx
nc+opnnecxnx coi+n, nponeccon cnn+ae+ca +py, nponsnoc+no,
cnoco nponsnoc+na. Hapay c i+nx npnsnae+ca ocoennoe n nc-
+opnnecxox nponecce nc+opnnecxne yconna (xacconaa opia,
nsanxoo+nomenna c pyinxn c+panaxn, ieoipaqnnecxne n pyine
ocoennoc+n n +..), a +axe ennnnnoe, npee nceio ea+einoc+i
nc+opnnecxnx nnnoc+e.
Cpen nepainix xonnennn mnpoxoe pacnpoc+panenne no-
ynna nmpanc+nnecxaa nn+epnpe+anna nc+opnnecxoio nponecca,
xoia ne npnsnae+ca omaa npnnnna nc+opnnecxoio pasnn+na, a
cnn+ae+ca, n+o n omec+ne ec+nye+ xnoec+no pasnonopaxo-
nix qax+opon, xo+opie peiynpym+ca xnoioopasnex nn+epecon
pasnnnix connainix opiannsann n ipynn. Hanpnxep, axe-
pnxancxn nc+opnx P. Hanc n anincxn nc+opnx T. Caxyin
+ax onpeenn ncxmnn+einoc+i nc+opnn Poccnn n ee xec+o no
ncexnpno-nc+opnnecxox nponecce.
1. Benoc+i nonnenno-xnxa+nnecxnx yconn, n+o oyconno
na+pnxonnainym qopxy iocyapc+nennoio npanenna.
2. Bnanne +a+apo-xonioicxoio nia, nepeanmeio pyccxoxy
omec+ny noc+onnym qopxy omec+nennoio yc+poc+na.
www.phoenixbooks.ru
3. 3anxc+nonanne xpnc+nanc+na y Bnsan+nn, xo+opoe npnneo
x ynponennm an+opn+apno nac+n.
4. Ocoie, cnoc+nennie pyccxo nannn, i+nnnecxne xapax-
+epnc+nxn. B cny i+nx npnnnn n Poccnn o+cy+c+nonaa nonna a
qopxnponanna exoxpa+nnecxnx +pannn n nnc+n+y+on.
Ha xaxnx i xnponosspennecxnx nosnnnax nn naxonnci
nc+opnxn, nce onn ncnoisym+ n cnonx ncceonannax naynni
annapa+, onpeeennie naynnie xa+eiopnn. nc+opnnecxoe npexa,
nc+opnnecxoe npoc+panc+no. C nona+nex nc+opnnecxoe npexa
cnasana nepnonsanna nc+opnn qopxa xonnec+nennoio (npe-
xennoio) oosnanenna nc+opnnecxnx nponeccon.
4. Hc+opnx, xax npanno, nxee+ eo c npomix n ne xoe+
nenocpec+nenno nama+i oex+ cnoeio nsynenna. Iannix, a
n oimnnc+ne cynaen ennc+nennix nc+onnnxox nnqopxannn
o npomox a neio anae+ca , nepes
nocpec+no xo+opoio on noynae+ neoxonxie xonxpe+no-nc+o-
pnnecxne annie, qax+nnecxn xa+epna, coc+anammn ocnony
nc+opnnecxoio snanna.
Ho nc+opnnecxnxn nc+onnnxaxn nonnxam+ca nce oc+a+xn
npomoio, n xo+opix o+onnci nc+opnnecxne cnne+eic+na,
o+paammne peainie anenna omec+nenno nsnn n ea+ei-
noc+n neonexa.
Hc+opnnecxne nc+onnnxn ea+ca na necxoixo ipynn.
1. Huct+ennme ucmounuku.
2. Bemecmeennme ucmounuku.
3. `cmnme (o:tk:opnme) ucmounuku.
4. Jmnoepauueckue ucmounuku.
5. Huneeucmuueckue ucmounuku.
6. Funo-, omo0oky+enmm. Caxixn pacnpoc+panennixn
anam+ca nncixennie nc+onnnxn.
www.phoenixbooks.ru
7
WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW 2

1. .
2. VIII .
3. .
4. .
1. xpynnemaa n Enpone ipynna poc+nennix napoon,
oennennaa nsoc+im asixon n omnoc+im nponcxoenna.
C +enennex npexenn onn pasennci na +pn oimne ipyn-
ni sananie, mnie, noc+onnie (npexn pyccxnx, yxpannnen,
eopycon). Hepnie cneenna o cananax coepa+ca n +pyax
an+nnnix, nnsan+ncxnx, apacxnx n pennepyccxnx an+opon.
Anmuunme ucmounuku. Hnnn C+apmn n Tann+ (I n. n.i.)
coomam+ o neneax, on+ammnx xey iepxancxnxn n capxa+-
cxnx nexenaxn. Tann+ o+xenae+ nonnc+nennoc+i n ec+oxoc+i
neneon, xo+opie, nanpnxep, ynnn+oan nennix nnonexen-
nnxon. Mnoine conpexennie nc+opnxn nna+ n neneax pennnx
canan, coxpanammnx eme cnoe i+nnnecxoe ennc+no n sannxammnx
npnnsn+eino +eppn+opnm ninemne Kio-Boc+onno Hoimn,
a +axe Boinn n Hoecia.
Bu:anmuckue ucmounuku 0ocmamouno nac+o ynoxnnam+ ca-
nan. Hpoxonn Kecapncxn n Hopan nosnoa+ conpexennix nx
canan neneon, cxannnon n an+on x onoxy xopnm.
,peenepycckue ucmounuku. ]annie o noc+onnocanancxnx
nexenax coepa+ca n Honec+n npexennix e+ (HB) xnen-
cxoio xonaxa Hec+opa (nan. XII n.). On nnme+ o npaponne canan,
xo+opym onpeeae+ n accene ]ynaa. Hpnxo canan na ]nenp
c ]ynaa on oacna nanaennex na nnx nonnc+nennix cocee,
ni+ecnnnmnx canan c npaponni. B+opo ny+i nponnenna
canan n Boc+onnym Enpony, no+nepaexi apxeooinnecxnx
n nninnc+nnecxnx xa+epnaox, npoxon ns accena Bnci n
paon osepa Hixeni.
www.phoenixbooks.ru
8
2. Hec+op nonec+nye+ o ceymmnx noc+onnocanancxnx nexen-
nix comsax.
no:nne, nocennmneca na Cpenex n Bepxnex ]nenpe n
noax n no+oxy +ax nposnanmneca,
0pee:nne, nnmne o+ nnx x cenepo-sanay n pexynnx
ecax,
ceeepnne, on+anmne x noc+oxy n cenepo-noc+oxy o+ noan
no pexax ]ecne, Cye n Cenepcxoxy ]onny,
0peeoeuuu xey Hpnna+im n 3anano ]nnno, .
no:ouane n accene pexn Hoo+i,
kpueuuu n nepxoniax Boin n ]nenpa,
pa0u+uuu n enmuuu na p. Coe (npn+ox ]nenpa) n Oxe,
u:t+enckue c:oeene on+an na cenepe n accene osepa
Hixena n pexn Boxona,
6yane, nn 0y:e6m (c X n. onn nasinanci noinana-
xn) n nepxoniax Byia,
6e:me xopeamm n Hpnxapna+ie,
y:uuu n mueepum xey ]nec+pox n ]ynaex.
Coceaxn canan in xonenie napoi (c+ennaxn) 6y:eapm,
no:oeum, xa:apm, a:anm, neueneeu. Ha cenepe canane cocec+no-
nan c napaiaxn (cxannnanaxn). Ha mie nosnimaaci ipoxanaa
n xoiymec+nennaa Boc+onnaa Pnxcxaa nxnepna (Bnsan+na), c
xo+opo canane ax+nnno nsanxoec+nonan.
3. Ocnono xosac+nennoio yxaa anaoci . Ocnannaa
oipoxnie ecnie n ecoc+ennie npoc+panc+na Boc+onno Enponi,
canane necn c coo sexeeinecxym xyi+ypy. Hoxnxo no-
cennoio n saenoio sexeena c VIII n. n.i. n mnix paonax
noynae+ pacnpoc+panenne namennoe sexeene, ocnonannoe na
ncnoisonannn nyia c eesnix exexox n +aionoio cxo+a. Oc-
nonnixn sepnonixn xyi+ypaxn in nmennna, npoco, anxeni,
ipennxa. Boimym poi nipao . 3annxanci ca-
nane n npoxicaxn. oxo+o, pioonc+nox, op+nnnec+nox (cop
xea nxnx nne). Pasnnnanci pexeca. Boimoe snanenne nxea
nnemnaa +opiona, pasnnnammaaca xax na Ba+ncxo-Bocxox
ny+n, no xo+opoxy n Enpony noc+ynao apacxoe cepepo, +ax n na
ny+n ns napai n ipexn, cnasinammex nnsan+ncxn xnp nepes
]nenp c Ba+ncxnx peinonox.
4. Hon+nnecxo ocnono comson noc+onnocanancxnx nexen
in . Bo iane comson
c+oan xnasia, xo+opie ocymec+nan ynpanennecxne n noen-
www.phoenixbooks.ru
nie qynxnnn. Cneenna o nepnix xnasiax coepa+ca n HB.
e+onncen o+xenae+ nannne y nexennix comson cnonx xnase.
B +pyax apacxnx an+opon coepa+ca cneenna o +pex nen+pax
noc+onnoio cananc+na. Kyannn, Cannn, Ap+annn. Hepni ne-
xo+opie o+enec+nennie nc+opnxn o+oec+nam+ c Knenox, n+o-
po c Honiopoox nn eio oee pennnx npemec+nennnxox.
Mec+opacnooenne Ap+annn npooae+ nisina+i cnopi. 3+o
in npeiocyapc+nennie opasonanna, nxmnanmne n cea pa
nexennix comson.
Hapay c xnasex n pynno y canan oimym poi nipan
naponie copanna (nene), na xo+opix pemanci nanemne non-
poci nsnn nexenn, n +ox nnce n niop noe noennix
npenon+ee. B nenenix copannax ynac+nonan +oixo xy-
nnni-nonni. Taxnx opasox, n i+o+ nepno canane nepennan
nocenn nepno omnnnoio c+poa inoxy noenno exoxpa+nn,
npemec+nymmym opasonannm iocyapc+na. O i+ox cnne+ei-
c+nym+ n +axne qax+i, xax oc+poe conepnnnec+no xey noen-
nixn noaxn, saqnxcnponannoe nnsan+ncxnx an+opox VI n.
Manpnxnex C+pa+eiox, noanenne paon ns nennix, naein na
Bnsan+nm, xo+opie n pesyi+a+e pasann naipaennix oia+c+n
yxpenan npec+n noennix npenon+ee n npnnonn x cxa-
inannm pynni, coc+oame ns npoqeccnonainix nonnon,
copa+nnxon xnasa. Hponcxonn nsxenenna n omnne. na cxeny
xoex+nny poc+nennnxon, naemmnx ncexn yioiaxn cooma,
npnxon+ omnna, coc+oamaa ns oimnx na+pnapxainix cexe,
oennennix xey coo omnoc+im +eppn+opnn, +pannnaxn,
neponannaxn n caxoc+oa+eino pacnopaammnxca npoyx+axn
cnoeio +pya.
www.phoenixbooks.ru
10
WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW 3
.

1. .
2. .
3. .
4.
.
1. } y noc+onnix canan conoci n pesyi+a+e
nsanxoec+nna neoio xoxnexca qax+opon connaino-ixono-
xnnecxnx, non+nnecxnx, xyi+ypnix.
Couua:tno-5kono+uueckue akmopm: pasnn+ne namennoio
sexeena npnnono x noanennm nsi+onnoio npoyx+a, n+o
cosanao yconna a nieenna ns omnni xnaecxo-pynn-
no ipynnnponxn (nponcxono o+eenne noenno-ynpanennecxoio
+pya o+ +pya nponsnon+einoio). Baioapa +oxy, n+o o+ei-
naa oimaa cexia ye cxoia oecnenn+i cnoe cymec+nonanne,
poonaa omnna c+aa +pancqopxnpona+ica n sexeeinecxym
nn cocecxym (+eppn+opnainym). 3+o cosanao yconna a
nxymec+nenno nqqepennnannn, no connainoio paccoenna
n caxo omnne ne nponcxono, +ax xax nponsnon+einoc+i
sexeeinecxoio +pya oc+anaaci nnsxo.
Ho:umuueckue akmopm: yconenne nny+pnnexennix
o+nomenn n xenexennie c+oxnonenna, xo+opie ycxopan
c+anonenne xnaecxo nac+n, noniman poi xnase n pynni
xax ooponammnx nexa o+ nnemnnx npaion, +ax n nic+ynammnx
n xanec+ne apn+pa npn cnopax. Kpoxe +oio, xenexennaa opia
npnnona x cxainannm nexennix comson no iane c nanoee
cninix nexenex n eio noex (xnasex). Co npexenex nac+i
xnasa, xo+opym on c+pexnca npenpa+n+i n nacec+nennym, nce
xenime sanncea o+ non nenenix copann, yxpenaaci, a eio nn-
+epeci nce oime o+nyanci o+ nn+epecon conexennnxon.
K enemnu+ npe0nocm:ka+ ceye+ o+nec+n anenne, xo+opoe
oxasinan na canancxn xnp eio cocen xasapi n nopxanni.
Hx c+pexenne nsa+i no xon+poi +opionie ny+n, cnasinammne
www.phoenixbooks.ru
11
3ana c Boc+oxox n Kiox, ycxopao cxainanne xnaecxo-py-
nnnix ipynnnponox, n+ainnammnxca no nnemnmm +opionm.
Bsnxaa npoyx+i npoxicon co cnonx conexennnxon n xenaa
nx na npoyx+i npec+nnoio no+peenna n cepepo y nnoc+pan-
nix xynnon, npoanaa nx saxnanennix n nen nnonexennnxon,
xec+naa sna+i nce oee nonnnaa cee nexennie cmpykmypm,
ooiamaaci n nsonponaaci o+ paonix omnnnnxon.
2. Ha nepnox i+ane opasonanna ]pennepyccxoio iocyapc+na
(VIII cep. IX n.) nponcxono cxainanne xenexennix comson
n nx nen+pon. B IX n. noanae+ca no:m0te (cop ann c omnnnnxon n
noisy xnasa, xo+opaa n +y inoxy nocna eme oponoini xapax+ep
n nocnpnnnxaaci xax nosxemenne sa noennie n ynpanennecxne yc-
yin). Ha n+opox i+ane (2-a no. IX cep. X n.) nponecc cxainanna
iocyapc+na ycxopnca, no xnoiox aioapa ax+nnnoxy nxema+ei-
c+ny nnemnnx cn xasap n nopxannon (napaion). HB coomae+ o
naeiax nonnc+nennix on+a+ee Cenepno Enponi, ninynnmnx
nixencxnx conen, xpnnnne n qnnno-yiopcxne nexena nyn n
necn na+n+i ani. Ha Kie xasapi conpan ani c noan, cenepan,
panxnne n na+nne. B npanenne O:eea (879912) n eio pyxax cocpe-
o+onnaci nac+i na +eppn+opne o+ aoin o nnsonien ]nenpa.
Conaci cnoeopasnaa qeepanna nexennix xnaenn no iane
c nenxnx xnasex xnencxnx. Heopt (912945) c+pexnca coxpann+i
ennc+no xenexenno qeepannn, a +axe samnma ee ipannni
o+ noannnmnxca iposnix xonennnxon neneneion.
Tpe+n, sanepmammn i+an cxainanna iocyapc+na nannnae+ca
c peqopx xnainnn Oiin. O+oxc+nn penanax sa cxep+i cnoeio xya
Hiopa, ona yc+anannnae+ qnxcnponannym nopxy ann, a a ee copa
yc+pannae+ noioc+i. Honaa nxnnanna nexennix xnaenn npo-
ncxon+ no npexa npanenna B:a0u+upa (9801015), xo+opi saxenn
nexennix xnase cnonxn cinoniaxn, npnsnannixn samnma+i no-
nym nepy n yxpena+i nac+i xnencxoio xnasa na xec+ax. Vxpenenne
nac+n ao exy nosxonoc+i opiannsona+i naceenne nce c+pani
a cosanna xomnix ooponn+einix pyee na mnix ipannnax
n nepecen+i cma nac+i conen, xpnnnne, nyn n na+nne.
3. HB ionopn+, n+o n 862 i. canane pemnn opa+n+ica x co-
ceax-napaiax, nasinanmnxca pycim, n nx xnasm .
Hpniamenne io npnna+o, Pmpnx ce n Honiopoe, eio pa+ia
Cnneyc n Beoosepe, Tpynop n Hsopcxe. B 882 i. npeexnnx
Pmpnxa xnasi Oei saxna+n Knen, ocnoon canancxne nexena
o+ xasapcxo ann n nonnnn cnoe nac+n. Tax, coiacno e+o-
nncn, nponsomo opasonanne ]pennepyccxoio iocyapc+na.
www.phoenixbooks.ru
12
3+n annie ein n ocnony , ninnny+o n
40 50-e ii. XVIII n. nexenxnxn ynenixn, xo+opie nn n pao+an
n Poccnn I.Baepo+ n I.Mu::epo+. Hopxannc+i cnn+an, n+o
iocyapc+nennoc+i na Pyci ia npnnecena napaiaxn (cxannnanaxn)
n ean nino o nsnenno o+c+aoc+n canan, axoi ne cnoco-
nix x caxoc+oa+einoxy nc+opnnecxoxy +nopnec+ny. 3+a +eopna
ia nonepiny+a xpn+nxe co c+oponi M.B.Ho+onocoea, xo+opi
cnn+a ee xene+o na pennnx canan. Conpexennie ncceona+en
cnn+am+. a) nponecc cxainanna iocyapc+na nanaca o napaion,
cax qax+ nx npniamenna na xnaenne cnne+eic+nye+ o +ox, n+o
i+a qopxa nac+n ia ye nsnec+na cananax, ) Pmpnx, cxopee
nceio, peainaa nc+opnnecxaa nnnoc+i, yynn npniamennix n
Honiopo na poi apn+pa n, xoe+ i+i, samn+nnxa o+ saxopcxnx
napaion, saxna+inae+ nac+i, noannn nocc+anne no pyxonoc+nox
Banxa (xec+noio nexennoio xnasa). Eio noanenne n Honiopoe
(xnpnoe nn nacnic+nennoe) nnxax ne cnasano c sapoennex io-
cyapc+na, n) nopxanncxaa pynna, ne opexenennaa xec+nixn
+pannnaxn, ax+nnnee ncnoisye+ iexen+ nacnna a copa ann
n oennenna canancxnx nexennix comson, n+o, n onpeeenno
c+enenn, ycxopae+ nponecc cxainanna iocyapc+na. Ononpexenno
nponcxon+ xonconanna xec+no xnaecxo-pynnno nepxymxn,
ee nn+eipanna c napacxnxn pynnaxn n canannsanna caxnx na-
paion, i) Oei, oennnn Honiopocxym n Knencxym sexn n cnea
noenno ny+i ns napai n ipexn, none ixonoxnnecxym asy no
cxainammeeca iocyapc+no.
4. }
. Ono
ns ocoennoc+e ]pennepyccxoio iocyapc+na io +o, n+o c caxoio
nanaa ono anaoci xnoioi+nnnecxnx (xnoionannonainix) no
cnoexy coc+any. B ainemex i+o ye+ cnococ+nona+i +oxy, n+o
iannixn cnaxn, oecnennnammnxn nny+pennee ennc+no, c+any+
iocyapc+no n npanocannaa penina. Opasonanne iocyapc+na nxeo
nanoe nc+opnnecxoe snanenne a noc+onnix canan. Ono cosanao
aionpna+nie yconna a pasnn+na sexeena, pexece, nnemne
+opionn, nnao n na qopxnponanne connaino c+pyx+ypi. Baio-
apa opasonannm iocyapc+na qopxnpye+ca pennepyccxaa xyi+ypa,
cxainae+ca ennaa neooinnecxaa cnc+exa omec+na. B paxxax
]pennepyccxoio iocyapc+na nponcxono cxainanne enno pen-
nepyccxo naponoc+n ocnoni +pex noc+onnocanancxnx napoon.
pyccxoio, yxpanncxoio n eopyccxoio.
www.phoenixbooks.ru
248

Bnepenne ..............................................................................3
Bonpoc 1. Hpepvev yuenoro xypca Hcvopna Poccnn ................4
Bonpoc 2. Pannaa ncvopna nocvounmx cnanan ............................7
Bonpoc 3. Opa:onanne rocypapcvna y nocvounmx cnanan.
Hopvanncxaa veopna ............................................ 10
Bonpoc 4. Pyccxaa Hpanpa. Omecvnennme ovnomenna,
rocypapcvnennm cvpo,
xo:acvnenno-:xonovnuecxaa n:nn ........................ 13
Bonpoc 5. Hpnnavne xpncvnancvna ........................................ 17
Bonpoc 6. Kynnvypa ,pennepyccxoro rocypapcvna ................... 21
Bonpoc 7. Pyccxne :evnn n nepnop nonnvnuecxo
pa:pponennocvn ................................................. 24
Bonpoc 8. Tavapo-vonronncxoe nvopenne ............................. 28
Bonpoc 9. Pycn n 3onovaa Oppa ............................................ 31
Bonpoc 10. Ovpaenne arpeccnn c 3anapa. Anexcanpp
Hencxn ............................................................. 34
Bonpoc 11. O+epnnenne pyccxnx :evenn noxpyr Mocxnm ........... 36
Bonpoc 12. 3anepmenne o+epnnenna pyccxnx :evenn noxpyr
Mocxnm. Opa:onanne Mocxoncxoro rocypapcvna ....... 39
Bonpoc 13. Pegopvm Hnana IV .............................................. 42
Bonpoc 14. Onpnunnna (15651572 rr.) .................................... 44
Bonpoc 15. Bnemnaa nonnvnxa Mocxoncxoro rocypapcvna
npn Hnane IV ...................................................... 46
www.phoenixbooks.ru
249
Bonpoc 16. Kynnvypa XIVXVI nexon ..................................... 48
Bonpoc 17. Hauano Cvyvnoro npevenn .................................... 51
Bonpoc 18. Eopna c nonncxo-mnepcxo nnvepnennne.
H:panne pnnacvnn Povanonmx ............................. 54
Bonpoc 19. Hepnme Povanonm. Coopnoe noenne
1649 ropa n oxonuavennnoe :axpenomenne
xpecvnan ............................................................ 56
Bonpoc 20. Eynvamnm nex ............................................... 58
Bonpoc 21. Bnemnaa nonnvnxa Poccnn n XVII nexe.
Hpncoepnnenne Henoepeno xpannm ................. 61
Bonpoc 22. Hepxonnm pacxon ............................................... 64
Bonpoc 23. Kynnvypa Poccnn n XVII nexe ................................ 66
Bonpoc 24. Pegopvm Hevpa I ................................................ 70
Bonpoc 25. Bnemnaa nonnvnxa Hevpa I.
Cenepnaa nona 17001721 ropon ............................ 74
Bonpoc 26. 0noxa pnopnonmx nepenopovon ............................... 77
Bonpoc 27. Bnyvpennaa nonnvnxa Exavepnnm II ........................ 80
Bonpoc 28. Connannno-:xonovnuecxoe pa:nnvne Poccnn
no 2- nononnne XVIII nexa.................................... 83
Bonpoc 29. Bnemnaa nonnvnxa Poccnn no 2- nononnne
XVIII nexa .......................................................... 87
Bonpoc 30. Boccvanne E. Hyrauena ......................................... 90
Bonpoc 31. Kynnvypa Poccnn n XVIII nexe ............................... 93
Bonpoc 32. Bnyvpennaa nonnvnxa Anexcanppa I ........................ 99
Bonpoc 33. Bnemnaa nonnvnxa Poccnn n 1- uevnepvn XIX nexa.
Oveuecvnennaa nona 1812 ropa .............................101
Bonpoc 34. Tanme oprann:annn n nmcvynnenne
pexapncvon .......................................................106
Bonpoc 35. Bnyvpennaa n nnemnaa nonnvnxa Hnxonaa I.
Kpmvcxaa nona ...............................................109
Bonpoc 36. Omecvnennoe pnnenne n 3050-e ropm
XIX nexa ...........................................................114
Bonpoc 37. Ovvena xpenocvnoro npana ...................................117
www.phoenixbooks.ru
250
Bonpoc 38. Pegopvm 6070-x ropon XIX nexa ..........................120
Bonpoc 39. Bnemnaa nonnvnxa Poccnn no nvopo nononnne
XIX nexa. Pyccxo-vypenxaa nona
18771878 ropon..................................................123
Bonpoc 40. 0xonovnuecxoe pa:nnvne nopegopvenno
Poccnn ..............................................................127
Bonpoc 41. Kynnvypa Poccnn n XIX nexe ................................132
Bonpoc 42. Poccncxaa nvnepna n nauane XX nexa ...................138
Bonpoc 43. Hepnaa pyccxaa penonmnna 19051907 ropon ............142
Bonpoc 44. Arpapnaa pegopva Cvonmnnna .............................146
Bonpoc 45. Poccna n Hepno vnpono none ............................148
Bonpoc 46. Kynnvypa Poccnn n nauane XX nexa .......................151
Bonpoc 47. Ov 4enpana x Oxvapm .......................................153
Bonpoc 48. Ipapancxaa nona.............................................156
Bonpoc 49. Honnvnxa noennoro xovvynn:va .........................160
Bonpoc 50. Opa:onanne CCCP .............................................162
Bonpoc 51. Honaa :xonovnuecxaa nonnvnxa ............................165
Bonpoc 52. cxopennaa vopepnn:anna n CCCP ........................167
Bonpoc 53. vneppenne n Conevcxov Com:e vovannvapnoro
nonnvnuecxoro penva ........................................170
Bonpoc 54. CCCP n cncveve vepynapopnmx ovnomenn
n 30-e ropm ........................................................173
Bonpoc 55. Bennxaa Oveuecvnennaa nona...............................176
Bonpoc 56. Conevcxn Com: n nocnenoennme ropm ...................183
Bonpoc 57. Bnyvpnnonnvnuecxoe pa:nnvne CCCP
n 19531964 ropax ...............................................189
Bonpoc 58. Ovvenenn. Honmvxa pegopvnponanna
conevcxoro omecvna ............................................193
Bonpoc 59. Bnemnenonnvnuecxn xypc CCCP
n 19531964 ropax ...............................................198
Bonpoc 60. Bnyvpnnonnvnuecxoe pa:nnvne
n 19651985 ropax ...............................................202
www.phoenixbooks.ru
Bonpoc 61. 0xonovnuecxaa nonnvnxa. H:venenna
n omecvnenno n:nn ........................................206
Bonpoc 62. Bnemnaa nonnvnxa CCCP n cepepnne
60-x cepepnne 80-x ropon ...................................209
Bonpoc 63. Kynnvypa CCCP n 60-x cepepnne 80-x ropon .........213
Bonpoc 64. Hepecvpoxa n CCCP ..........................................219
Bonpoc 65. Honmvxa rocypapcvnennoro nepenopova
n anrycve 1991 ropa. Pacnap CCCP .........................224
Bonpoc 66. Cvanonnenne nono poccncxo
rocypapcvnennocvn n 90-e ropm ..............................227
Bonpoc 67. 0xonovnuecxne pegopvm n 90-e ropm XX nexa ........230
Bonpoc 68. Bnemnaa nonnvnxa Poccnn n 90-e ropm XX nexa .......232
Bonpoc 69. Honnvnuecxoe n :xonovnuecxoe pa:nnvne Poccnn
n nauane XXI nexa ...............................................236
Bonpoc 70. Kynnvypa conpevenno Poccnn ..............................242
Cnncox yueno nnvepavypm ................................................247
www.phoenixbooks.ru
Cepna 3ane+ n ixsaxen
Beneen Banxnp Hnxoaennn
HCTOPHR POCCHH
KOHCHEKT EKHHH
Hocone a noio+onxn x ixsaxenax
a c+yen+on nyson
O+ne+c+nenni peax+op H. Xu:nkoe
Texnnnecxn peax+op H. Baepnnueea
Xyonnx A. Bapmanoe
Koppex+opi O. Mu:oeanoea, H. Heanoea
Honncano n ne na+i 28.04.2010.
dopxa+ 84108/32. Byx. +nn N 2.
Iapnn+ypa CG Times. Hena+i oqce+naa. Vc. n. . 13,44.
Tnpa 2500 ixs. 3ax. N
OOO dennxc
344082, i. Poc+on-na-]ony, nep. Xa+ypnncxn, 80
O+nena+ano c io+onix nanosn+nnon n 3AO Knnia
344019, i. Poc+on-na-]ony, y. Cone+cxaa, 57
www.phoenixbooks.ru