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    Raheel Shahzad
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    Wireless networks use different technologies to transmit data at varying rates. GSM networks transmit at rates from 14.4 kbps to 384 kbps, while UMTS networks can transmit at up to 2 Mbps. There are three methods for spreading bandwidth in a signal: frequency hopping, time hopping, and direct sequence. WCDMA is a 3G cellular technology that allows multiple users to transmit simultaneously at different data rates. CDMA uses pseudo-random codes to spread and recover information signals during transmission and reception.

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    Wireless networks use different technologies to transmit data at varying rates. GSM networks transmit at rates from 14.4 kbps to 384 kbps, while UMTS networks can transmit at up to 2 Mbps. There are three methods for spreading bandwidth in a signal: frequency hopping, time hopping, and direct sequence. WCDMA is a 3G cellular technology that allows multiple users to transmit simultaneously at different data rates. CDMA uses pseudo-random codes to spread and recover information signals during transmission and reception.

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    18 views20 pages

    Wireless Networks

    Uploaded by

    Raheel Shahzad
    Wireless networks use different technologies to transmit data at varying rates. GSM networks transmit at rates from 14.4 kbps to 384 kbps, while UMTS networks can transmit at up to 2 Mbps. There are three methods for spreading bandwidth in a signal: frequency hopping, time hopping, and direct sequence. WCDMA is a 3G cellular technology that allows multiple users to transmit simultaneously at different data rates. CDMA uses pseudo-random codes to spread and recover information signals during transmission and reception.

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    WIRELESS NETWORKS

    GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

    Wireless Network

    Data Rate

    GSM

    14.4 kBPS

    GPRS/GSM

    170 kBPS

    EDGE/GSM

    384 kBPS

    UMTS

    2.0 MBPS

    SPEARD SPECTRUM COMMUNICATIONS


    There are three ways to spread the bandwidth of the signal:

    FREQUENCY HOPPING.
    The signal is rapidly switched between different frequencies within the hopping bandwidth pseudo-randomly, and the receiver knows before hand where to find the signal at any given time.

    TIME HOPPING.
    The signal is transmitted in short bursts pseudo-randomly, and the receiver knows before hand when to expect the burst.

    DIRECT SEQUENCE.
    The digital data is directly coded at a much higher frequency. The code is generated pseudo-randomly, the receiver knows how to generate the same code, and correlates the received signal with that code to extract the data.

    WCDMA
    Wideband Code-Division Multiple-Access (W-CDMA) is one of the main technologies for the implementation of third-generation (3G) cellular systems.In W-CDMA interface different users can simultaneously transmit at different data rates and data rates can even vary in time. UMTS networks need to support all current second generation services and numerous new applications and services. UMTS (WCDMA)

    CDMA PRINCIPLE

    CDMA PRINCIPLE
    Signal transmission consists of the following steps: Signal Transmission consists of the following steps 1. 2. 3. 4. A pseudo-random code is generated, different for each channel. The Information data modulates the pseudo-random code (the Information data spread). The resulting signal modulates a carrier. The modulated carrier is amplified and broadcast.

    Signal reception consists of the following steps: : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The carrier is received and amplified. The received signal is mixed with a local carrier to recover the spread digital signal. A pseudo-random code is generated, matching the anticipated signal. The receiver acquires the received code and phase locks its own code to it. The received signal is cross correlated with the generated code, extracting the Information data.

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