Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.

HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh

(Foundation of Software Engineering)

1

Cng Ngh Phn Mm

Bi Ging

Gii thiu mn hc
Ni dung mn hc Gii thiu cc khi nim c bn v cng ngh phn mm Mc tiu ca sn xut phn mm v cng ngh phn mm Cc m hnh sn xut phn mm Quy trnh sn xut v qun l d n phn mm Ti liu tham kho Software Engineering Ian Sommerville Eight edition
(Th vin A3 MS: 200032)

Video Course on Software Engineering

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2010 Cng Ngh Phn Mm 2 Chng 1: Gii thiu 2

Cng ngh phn mm: To Be or Not To Be

Cng Nghip & Cng Ngh : b i hon ho Cng Nghip Phn Mm (CNpPM) & Cng Ngh Phn Mm (CNPM) th sao? Cng nghip phn mm & cc cng nghip khc

C hay khng (nhng) cng ngh cho sn xut phn mm? C cn thit phi c cng ngh cho sn xut phn mm khng, khi sn xut phn mm l hot ng sn xut c bit v khng th ni lm mt phn mm nh sn xut mt lon nc gii kht.
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2010

Ging: sn xut sn phm bn ra th trng, sn phm mang tnh cng ngh, k thut cao. Khc: l nn cng nghip sn xut theo phng thc th cng m ngh

Cng Ngh Phn Mm 3 Chng 1: Gii thiu 3

c tnh ca sn phm phn mm

Software = Program Software product = Program Document + Support Loi sn phm phn mm

Generic Product: l sn phm ng gi v bn rng ri trn th trng. Bespoke Product: l sn phm c pht trin theo yu cu c th ca tng khch hng.
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2010 Cng Ngh Phn Mm 4 Chng 1: Gii thiu 4

Cc c tnh quan trng ca sn phm phn mm

Maintainability: phn mm c th thay i thun tin theo yu cu ca ngi dng Dependability: tnh n nh, bo mt v an ton ca
phn mm. Khng gy tn hi v vt cht hay kinh th cho h thng. thng cho cng vic

Efficiency: S dng hiu qu ti nguyn ca h Usability: giao din v phng thc phi ph hp vi
ngi dng ng thi p ng ng yu cu ca ngi dng

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2010

Cng Ngh Phn Mm 5 Chng 1: Gii thiu 5

Cc c tnh quan trng ca sn phm phn mm

Sn phm mang tnh c bit ha cao. Tnh cht sn phm do ngi s dng quyt nh. c tnh sn phm chu nh hng ca ngi pht trin sn phm. p dng khi nim Quy trnh Cng Ngh nh cc ngnh khc l khng ph hp.
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2010 Cng Ngh Phn Mm 6 Chng 1: Gii thiu 6

Software Engineering : Ti sao?

Khi nim Quy trnh Cng ngh truyn thng khng ph hp vi tnh cht ca qu trnh sn xut phn mm. Ti sao phi c Software engineering cho phn mm khi n l sn phm ca s sng to & mang tnh c bit cao (c t ngi dng v ngi sn xut)

Cng Ngh Phn Mm l gii php cho s khng hong thiu sn phm phn mm
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2010 Cng Ngh Phn Mm 7 Chng 1: Gii thiu 7

Software - hay Thiu?

Phn mm c vit ngay t khi c nhng my tnh programable u tin. c quan tm v pht trin t rt sm C rt nhiu phn mm c vit Khng thiu phn mm Thc t vic sn xut phn mm khng p ng kp yu cu ca ngi s dng:
Khng v s lng Thiu v cht lng Khng kp v thi gian

Phn mm khng p ng cho ngi dng

Cng Ngh Phn Mm 8 Chng 1: Gii thiu 8

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2010

Nguyn nhn khch quan

S lng phn mm phi c hiu l s u/loi phn mm c

Nhu cu s dng phn mm l rt ln

s dng cho tng mc tiu ng dng.

Cht lng phn mm cha p ng tt cho ngi s dng

Nhiu ngnh ngh cn dng phn mm my tnh Mi ngnh ngh cn nhiu loi phn mm khc nhau Mi loi phn mm cn nhiu cp khc nhau theo trnh ngi dng Tnh customize rt cao ca sn phm phn mm. Trnh s dng khc nhau v iu kin h tng ng dng khc nhau

Nhu cu phn mm thng rt cp bch

Tm nhn v chin lc cha u ca ngi s dng Khng c k hoch lu di Phi thay i theo tng i tng ngi dng
Cng Ngh Phn Mm 9 Chng 1: Gii thiu 9

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2010

Nguyn nhn ch quan

Tnh chuyn nghip trong sn xut phn mm cha cao
Cc d liu quan st c
C 6 n trin khai th c 2 b hu b Trung bnh thi gian thc hin thc t b ko di 50 % (c bit 200-300%) Cc n ln d tht bi 3/4 cc h thng ln c li khi thc thi Qu trnh phn tch yu cu (5% cng sc): li 55 % li, c 18 % pht hin c Qu trnh thit k (25 % cng sc): li 30 % li, c 10 % pht hin c Qu trnh m ho, kim tra v bo tr: li 15 % li, c 72 % pht hin c
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2010 Cng Ngh Phn Mm 10 Chng 1: Gii thiu 10

Nguyn nhn ch quan

L do ca nhng h qu trn
Pht trin phn mm ging nh mt ngh thut, cha c xem nh mt ngnh khoa hc Quy trnh pht trin phn mm cha c thng nht Phi vit li software mi khi c s thay i v ngn ng, hardware, OS hoc nhu cu ca khch hng. Cha t c 1 chun cho vic o lng hiu sut v sn phm phc tp ca phn mm qu cao i vi 1 kin trc s K thut c t li s nhp nhng trong cc yu cu phn mm Lm vic nhm khng ng k lut gy ra cc li
Cng Ngh Phn Mm 11 Chng 1: Gii thiu 11

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2010

CN PHI C MT/NHIU CHUN QUY TRNH TRONG SN XUT PHN MM NNG CAO TNH CHUYN NGHIP CA NN SN XUT C BIT NY CN CNG NGH PHN MM CHO CNG NGHIP PHN MM
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2010 Cng Ngh Phn Mm 12 Chng 1: Gii thiu 12

nh ngha Cng ngh phn mm

Cng Ngh Phn Mm l s thit lp v s dng cc nguyn tc khoa hc nhm mc ch to ra cc phn mm mt cch kinh t m cc phn mm hot ng hiu qu v tin cy trn cc my tnh. Cng ngh phn mm l mt quy trnh c h thng c s dng trong qu trnh phn tch, thit k, hin thc, kim tra v bo tr bo m cc sn phm phn mm c sn xut v hot ng: hiu qu, tin cy, hu dng, nng cp d dng (modificable), kh chuyn (portable), kh kim tra (testable), cng tc c vi cc h thng khc (interoperable) v vn hnh ng (correct).
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2010 Cng Ngh Phn Mm 13 Chng 1: Gii thiu 13

Cht lng sn phm phn mm

Efficiency: Reliablity:
Phn mm c sn xut trong thi gian v iu kin va phi. Phn mm vn hnh ng mc yu cu v cng vic v thi gian. Phn mm vn hnh n nh v tng tc c vi cc h thng ng dng

Usability:

Phn mm c th dng c bi ngi s dng v vi mi trng m ngi s dng ang c. Ch ti giao din, iu kin h thng,
Phn mm c th c thay i d dng, nhanh chng khi yu cu ca ngi s dng thay i.
Cng Ngh Phn Mm 14 Chng 1: Gii thiu 14

Modifiability:

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2010

Cht lng sn phm phn mm

Portability:
Phn mm c th chuyn i d dng sang cc h thng khc m khng cn phi iu chnh ln. Ch cn recompile nu cn thit l tt nht. Phn mmc th d0c kim tra d dng. Tt nht l c modul ha. Phn mm hay mt phn c th c ti s dng cho cc ng dng khc. Cc modul c thit k tt, c lp v giao tip n gin, c v tnh tng thch cng ngh pht trin
Cng Ngh Phn Mm 15 Chng 1: Gii thiu 15

Testability:

Reusability:

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2010

Cht lng sn phm phn mm

Maintainability:
thit k ca phn mm c th c hiu d dng cng nh chuyn giao thun tin cho ngi khc trong qu trnh iu chnh, nng cp hay thay i theo yu cu. Phn mm vn hnh n nh v ng nh mong i. Trn h thng nhiu ngi dng (multi users) phn mm vn hot ng c vi cc vn hnh khc ca h thng. Phn mm phi tnh ton ng v to ra kt qu ng v ng vi mc tiu ng dng ca ngi dng.
Cng Ngh Phn Mm 16 Chng 1: Gii thiu 16

Interoperability:

Correctness:

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2010

Cc yu cu khc i vi sn xut phn mm

ng tin S dng hp l ngun nhn lc pht trin Chi ph pht trin thp nht Qun l c ri ro trong sn xut

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2010

Cng Ngh Phn Mm 17 Chng 1: Gii thiu 17

Ni dung cng vic ca Software Engineer

Phn tch h thng/vn Xc nh cc yu cu Thit k phn mm Vit phn mm (coding) Kim tra v tch hp h thng Ci t v chuyn giao phn mm Lp ti liu Bo tr Qun l cht lng Hun luyn D on ti nguyn Qun tr d n

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2010

Cng Ngh Phn Mm 18 Chng 1: Gii thiu 18

Mt nh ngha khc ca CNPM

CNPM l cc quy trnh ng k lut v c nh lng c p dng cho s pht trin, thc thi v bo tr cc h thng thin v phn mm Tp trung vo quy trnh, s o lng, sn phm, tnh ng thi gian v cht lng

Qui trnh
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2010

o lng Tiu chun

Thi gian Qun l

Cht lng Dch v

Cng Ngh Phn Mm 19 Chng 1: Gii thiu 19

Sn xut phn mm phi c quy trnh

Cc cng on chnh tng qut bao gm 4 giai on
Giai on c t: xc nh cc tnh nng v iu kin hot ng ca h thng. (thu thp yu cu v phn tch) Giai on pht trin: Thit k phn mm (software design), vit code (code generation Giai on kim tra: kim tra phn mm (software testing), kim tra tnh hp l ca phn mm. Giai on bo tr: Sa li (correction), thay i mi trng thc thi (adaptation), tng cng (enhancement)
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2010 Cng Ngh Phn Mm 20 Chng 1: Gii thiu 20

Cc m hnh pht trin phn mm

Ty theo quy m v cng ngh pht trin, c cc m hnh sn xut khc nhau: M hnh tun t tuyn tnh- waterfall M hnh Prototyping - Evolutionary Development M hnh xon c Boehms Spiral Model M hnh RAD Rapid Application Development M HNH NO TT HN Mi m hnh ph hp vi trnh pht trin, quy m sn phm v yu cu rng buc c th v thi gian v tnh cht ca h thng.
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2010 Cng Ngh Phn Mm 21 Chng 1: Gii thiu 21

M hnh WaterFall Sequency model

M hnh pht trin phn mm u tin Cc cng vic tip ni nhau mt cch tun t t nn mng cho cc phng php phn tch, thit k, kim tra
Phn tch yu cu Thit k h thng & phn mm Hin thc v kim tra moduls Tch hp v kim tra tng th Chuyn giao v Bo tr
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2010 Cng Ngh Phn Mm 22 Chng 1: Gii thiu 22

M hnh WaterFall Sequency model

Bc l mt s khuyt im Bn cht ca pht trin phn mm l qu trnh lp i lp li ch khng phi tun t Cc bc thc cht khng tch bit hon ton m c chng ln v tham kho li Bt buc khch hng c t tt c yu cu mt cch chnh xc v y ngay t ban u Khch hng thng phi ch i rt lu thy c phin bn u tin ca sn phm Tn ti delay tch ly trong nhm lm vic -> d n thng b tr. Ch ph hp cho d n nh, n gin.
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2010 Cng Ngh Phn Mm 23 Chng 1: Gii thiu 23

M Hnh Prototype
Prototype nh l mt c ch nhn din chnh xc yu cu ca khch hng
Bn thn khch hng cha hiu r yu cu ca mnh, cng nh cc quy trnh cha c xc lp r rng. Khch hng cha hiu r kh nng h tr ca h thng my tnh

Kch thch s thch th ca ngi dng vi d n

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2010 Cng Ngh Phn Mm 24 Chng 1: Gii thiu 24

M Hnh Prototype
Hot ng sn xut Bn prototype

c t

M t s lc ca khch hng

Pht trin

Cc bn trung gian

Kim th

Bn cui cng
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2010 Cng Ngh Phn Mm 25 Chng 1: Gii thiu 25

M Hnh Prototype Nhc im

Prototype c th b throw-away -> Lng ph Cc process khng c phn nh r rng H thng thng thng c cu trc lng lo Cn c nhng k nng c bit trong qun l v pht trin Khch hng hi thc nh pht trin hon thnh sn phm mt khi thy c cc prototype u tin

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2010

Cng Ngh Phn Mm 26 Chng 1: Gii thiu 26

M Hnh Prototype ng dng

Dng cho cc h thng nh. Cc chi ph khi thay i h thng l khng qu ln khi cn phi thay i sau khi thc hin prototype Cn s cp bch v thi gian trin khai ngn. H thng cn c a vo ng dng tng phn trong khong thi gian nht nh. Trong trng hp nhng h thng m vic c t cc yu cu l rt kh v khng r rng ngay t u.
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2010 Cng Ngh Phn Mm 27 Chng 1: Gii thiu 27

M hnh Xon c - Boehms Spiral Model

Xc nh cng vic nh gi ri ro

Hoch nh ti

Pht trin sn phm

c thc hin theo mt chui lp kiu xon c, mi ln lp l mt ln ci thin v m rng sn phm C phng php nh gi ri ro C th p dng prototype cho tng vng lp Mi ln lp c ci thin cho thch nghi vi bn cht ca n
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2010 Cng Ngh Phn Mm 28 Chng 1: Gii thiu 28

M hnh Xon c - Boehms Spiral Model

Qun l ri ro tt. p ng nhanh yu cu ca ngi s dng. Thng xuyn cp nht quy trnh nghip v. Gia tng lng tin, s hiu bit ln nhau gia khch hng, users v ngi pht trin. Kh nng m rng thun li.
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2010 Cng Ngh Phn Mm 29 Chng 1: Gii thiu 29

M hnh RAD
Business modeling Data modeling Process modeling Application generation Testing & Turnover

Rapid Application Development l m hnh tun t tuyn tnh c thi gian pht trin rt ngn S dng khi nim modellling trong tt c cc qu trnh, cho php kh nng hiu chnh, b sung v chun ha tt. S dng cc thnh phn c sn cng nhiu cng tt S dng cng c lp trnh dng t ng sinh m ch khng phi cc ngn ng truyn thng
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2010 Cng Ngh Phn Mm 30 Chng 1: Gii thiu 30

M hnh RAD
i hi trnh v h thng qun l chuyn nghip c bit l h thng thng tin qun l. Ph thuc vo cng ngh pht trin c tnh reusable cao. Partten system development

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2010

Cng Ngh Phn Mm 31 Chng 1: Gii thiu 31

Cc tiu chun dng trong CNpPM

The
Engineering Institue (SEI) - i hc Carnegie Mellon. Ch trng n tnh h thng v kh nng qun tr ca cc cng ty phn mm hn l mt quy trnh (process) c th. The process Improvement Paradigm (PIP) ca Software Engineering Laboratory (SEL) NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center Tng t nh CMM, ch trng n tnh h thng v nhng hng dn tng cng tnh nng ca cc qu trnh qun l.

Capability

Maturity

Model

(CMM)

ca

Software

Cc chun khc ca Department of Defense

The electronic Industries Association (EIA) chun SEB-6-A The European ESPRIT project International Standards Organisation - ISO 9001** United Kingdom MOD 0055
Cng Ngh Phn Mm 32 Chng 1: Gii thiu 32

MIL STD 2167A ; MIL-STD 1574A ; MIL-STD 882C

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2010

Chun CMM
Continuous Improvement Cc h thng quality control v qualify c s dng hiu qu

Optimized (Level 5)

Risk

C kh nng d on (Predictability) Cc quy trnh qun l v tiu chun c chi tit ha

Managed

(Level 4)
Xc lp cc tiu chun qun l Cc vn documentation xc lp

Defined (Level 3)

Competitiveness

Repeatable
(Level 2) Initial (Level 1)
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2010

Bt u c kh nng qun l Qun l da vo kinh nghim tng t

Largely Ad-hoc Ph thuc vo c nhn

Cng Ngh Phn Mm 33 Chng 1: Gii thiu 33

Bi tp ln
Tm hiu v version hin ti ca h thng tiu chun CMM
Version hn ti ca CMM Chun CMMI Cc cp chun CMM version mi nht Quy trnh trin khai CMM ti mt doanh nghip phn mm

Tm hiu cc danh sch cc cng ty phn mm Vit Nam c chng ch CMM cp 4 v 5.

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2010 Cng Ngh Phn Mm 34 Chng 1: Gii thiu 34