04/10/2012 Colonization, Conquest, and Cultural Collisions: Part Two I.

French Empire Exploration begins mid-17th Century Claim lands in present-day Canada, St. Lawrence River valley and Great Lakes Region Unwanted Land Grants Issued Small Dispersed Populations Little Push Factors Bad Reputation for Canada Attracting settlers a continued problem Furs and Faith French colonists and Indians bond together Could not conquer or enslave No biological advantages Alliances vital for economy, military Middle Ground * Neither ascendant * Interdependent * Shade together - Intermarriage - Acculturation * Limited efficacy for Jesuits Expansion in 18th Century New settlements in Mississippi River Valley and Louisiana * New Orleans Population continued to be dwarfed Asserts a dependent function of alliances II. English Colonies Land, Land, Land! Prospects of Land Ownership Excited Dreams of Freedom and Autonomy Strong Push Factors 1607 to 1700: 500,000 English journeyed to Americas English Americans and Rights Virginia Company Charter Greater Rights than Colonists of Other Empires * elected assemblies

* trial by jury * access to land IV. Virginia Jamestown 1607 50 acres of Land to each free male colonist 1619 House of Burgesses Rise of local elite Tobacco colony land scramble, population growth, divided society V. New England Different Dreams: Gods order, City on a Hill Flee persecution, economic betterment anxiety over Englands future Families as settlers Family as Foundation for Society VI. English and Native Americans Strong Divide Maintained Land Claims Legal Title Virginia + Tobacco Boom New England + Stable population = land hunger, recurrent warfare Early Conflicts: Virginia: Uprising of 1622 New England: Pequot War * Pequot exterminated * attempt to wipe from history King Philips War: 1675 Attacks Begin, 1676 half of New England towns attacked; 1,000 English killed, 12 entire towns destroyed. Mid-1676 tide turns Cements divide, enables further incursions Compare with Pueblo Revolt The Pueblo Revolt was an organized resistance against the Spanish, by the Pueblos; including Hopis, Zuni, and even some Navajos and Apaches. A Pueblo Spiritual Leader, who later became known as Pope. Led this revolt, it started after the Spanish arrested groups of Pueblo Spiritual Leaders. Their crime was refusing to convert to Christianity. The Spanish

hung all but one, the last one committed suicide. It litterly sent a shock wave through out the Pueblos. Immediately they revolted and ran out the Spanish. Eventually the Spanish returned and retook Santa Fe and Isleta; but they never truly gained back the foot hold they last had. To this day alot of Pueblo Towns have Chapels in them. Alot of Pueblo tribes were wiped out, some were adopted by other Pueblo tribes, or they were enslaved or adopted into tribes like the Navajos and Apaches. All in all there were many many more Pueblo Settlements, after the Spanish were ran out; only a fraction were left. American Colonies in Comparison France: England: