EXPERIMENT 1

1.1 The Monostable Multivibrator

Figure 1.1 A monostable or one-shot multivibrator is an oscillator which can output a single pulse (high or low) when a triggered signal is applied to the circuit. The 555 timer IC is widely used to construct this monostable oscillator circuit. Figure 1.1 shows the 555 timer being wired up to form a one-shot monostable oscillator. The trigger switch SW1 is used to trigger the 555 timer. Once triggered, the output timing Ton is given by: (seconds) Ton = 1.1 x R2 x C2

Trigger point (-ve edge) 555 Output : Ton

Figure 1.2

Lab Exercise: Materials Required:

1. 2. 3. 4. The OB-100 experiment module A DC Power Supply Oscilloscope Multimeter

Procedures:
1. Refer to the MONOSTABLE circuit module of the OB-100 experimental board. 2. Connect the required DC power supply to the 5V & GND terminals.

3. Connect a 100uF capacitor across C2 terminals. R2 is a 10K built-in variable resistor. 4. Adjust R2 to a certain value. 5. Power up the circuit. Press the trigger switch (SW1) and observe the output waveform using an oscilloscope and explain your findings.

1.2 The Astable Multivibrator

T 555 Astable Output : Ton Toff

Figure 1.3

The 555 is also commonly used as an astable multivibrator whereby it is used to generates a free running pulse output at a certain frequency. Figure 2.23 above shows the standard configuration. The output pulse frequency is calculated using: f = 1.44 (RA + 2RB) x C2 The duty cycle is given as: Duty cycle = Ton/T = Ton Ton + Toff Duty cycle = RA + RB RA + 2RB By connecting a diode across pin 2 & 7 of the 555, we can adjust the duty cycle to be less than 50%, as shown in figure 2.24 below. Note that RA is set to be less than RB. The duty cycle is now calculated as: Duty cycle = RA RA + RB x 100% x 100%

Figure 1.4

Lab Exercise: Materials Required:

2 3 4 5 The OB-100 experiment module A DC Power Supply Oscilloscope Multimeter

Procedures:
1 2 3 4 5 Refer to the ASTABLE circuit module of the OB-100 experimental board. Connect the required DC power supply to the 5V & GND terminals. C2 is set to 100uF and RB is a 10K variable resistor. Power up the circuit. Observe & draw out the output waveform using an oscilloscope and explain your findings. _______________________________________ Adjust RB and observe the changes to the output waveform. ___________________________________________