QFT

Notes
Rohan Sinha
1 Klein Gordon equation
For a free particle, the following equation is satised:
p

m
2
= 0
Now, in quantum theory, if we want to write this in operator form,
p

= i

m
2
) = 0
(

+ m
2
) = 0
(
2
+ m
2
)(x) = 0 (1)
This is the celebrated Klein-Gordon equation.
2 Noethers Equation
Noethers (rst) theorem states that
If a system has a continuous symmetry property, then there are corresponding quantities whose
values are conserved in time.
Or putting it in mathematical terms,
To every dierentiable symmetry generated by local actions, there corresponds a conserved current.
Let there be a
L = L(,

)
and be a symmetric transformation. Then,
L =
L

+
L

=
L

+

x

_
L

_

x

=
_
L

_
+

x

_
L

_
L =

x

_
L

_
Master Equation (2)
1
The equation so obtained is of oft. referred to as master equation.
2.1 Space-time invariance
Let there be a transform
x

+ a

Now, L does not explicitly depend on x.

And,
(x) (x + a)
= (x) + a

Also, (x) = a

and L = a
n
u
L
x

Substituting this information into the Master equation(2), we get:

a

L
x

=

x

_
L

_
L

Lg

_
. .
T

(energy-momentum tensor)
= 0

= 0 (3)

_
all 3-D space

d
3
x = 0 (4)
By Using the 3-D Gauss theorem:

x
0
_
T
0
d
3
x = 0 (5)
Also,
T
00
= Energy density (6)
T
ok
= momentum density (7)
Hence
T

=
L

Lg

(8)
T
00
=
L

0
Lg

= H (9)
2
2.2 Lorentz Invariance
3 Scalar Fields (Spin 0)
3.1 Complex Scalar Fields
4 Dirac equation
4.1 Relativistic covariance of the Dirac equation
4.2 Transformation of bilinear Co-variants
5 Dirac Spinor elds (Spin 1/2)
In the positive energy frame, Let
= ue
i

6 Maxwells equations (in four momentum)

7 Vector Fields (Spin 1)
7.1 Massive vector elds
3