2012ckespf Inter Action - VLR - Od Aqmifqk U&Iftrskd Ord &&SD

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KAREN NEWSLETTER

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Volume(16) Issue(3) , March 2012.


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pyfa'ood@k ,ae@jyefvnfa&muf
&SdvmcJh+yD;aemuf ,if;odk@ajymqdk
vdkufjcif; jzpfonf?
xd k t zG J @ onf jynf
axmifpktqihf +idrf;csrf;a&;aqG;
aEG;a&;tzG@J . tzG@J 0ifwpfO;D vnf;
jzpf/ u&ifjynfe,fat;csrf;om
,ma&;ESifh zG@H zd;a&;aumifpD OuUX
(+idr;f ) OD;apmcifp;kd ESihf oGm;a&muf
awG@qckH jhJ cif;jzpf+y;D +ird ;f csr;f a&;aqG;
aEG;rnfh vkyfief;pOfrsm;ESihf ywf
oufI tpDtpOfrsm; !SEd id_ ;f aqG;
aEG;cJh=uonf[k od&onf?
&ef u k e f rd od k @ oG m ;
a&mufrnfh +idr;f csr;f a&;qdik &f m c&D;
pOfwiG f A[dt
k qifah cgi;f aqmifrsm;
tjyif jrefrmEkid if H a'otoD;oD;&Sd

ausmif;om;wyfrawmfrS acgif;
aqmifrsm;vnf; yg&rdS nfjzpfonf?
udkrsKd;0if;u t"du
jynfolw&yfvHk;&J@ tusKd;pD;yGm;
twGuf oGm;a&mufaqG;aEG;rSmjzpf
w,f? usaemfwdk@&J@ &nfrSef;csuf
rjynf h 0 oa&G @ awmh ausmif ;
om;wyf r awmf u quf v uf
wnf&SdaetHk;rSmjzpfw,f[k a'
ocHowif;axmufrsm;udk ajym
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(ABSDF)udk &Spaf v;
vHk; vlxkta&;awmfyHkt+yD; e,f
pyf o d k @ wd r f ; a&S m if v m=uonf h
ausmif;om;vli,frsm;ESifh 1988
ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (1)&ufae@wGif
u&iftrsK;d om;tpnf;tk;H aumh
rl;&mrde,f/ 0rf;cpcef;Y pwif zG@J
pnf;cJh+yD; ,ae@txdwdkif vuf
euf u d k i f wd k u f y G J 0 if v #uf & S d u m
vuf&Sd OuUXrSm &JabmfoHcJ jzpf
onf?

'DaubDatESifh autJe,
f -l autJet
f ,fvaf t+idr;f csrf;a&;
aumifpt
D zG@J wd@k udk autJe,
f l oGm;a&mufawG@qHk
rwfv 9&uf?
apmcg;pl;nm; (autdkifpD)
u&ifvufeufudkift
zG@J csi;f csi;f qufqaH &; cdik rf map&ef
&nf&,
G I
f wd;k wufaom Ak'b
< m
om u&iftrsK;d om;wyfrawmf 'D
aubDatESifh AdkvfcsKyfapmxif
armif . autJ e f , l - autJ e f
t,fvfat +idrf;csrf;a&;aumifpD
wdk@udk u&iftrsKd;om;tpnf;t
kH; autJef,lu ,cktywft
wGi;f oGm;a&mufawG@qckH o
hJ nf?
autJef,lbufrS wGJ
zuf t wG i f ; a&;rS L ;(1) Ad k v f r S L ;
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h zG@J
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at)+idrf;csrf;a&;aumifpDtzGJ@udk

u&ifjynfe,f/ v_id ;f bGJ rde,f r,f


vmxmh&dS Adv
k cf sKyfxifarmif. ae
tdrYf vnf;aumif; ,ck rwfv 6
&ufae@uvnf;aumif;/ 'DaubD
attzG@J ukd jr0wDrde,f/ qHq
k nf;
rdifwGif ,refae@uvnf;aumif;
awG@qckH jhJ cif; jzpfonf?
autJef,l wGJzuft
wGi;f a&;rSL;(1) Adv
k rf LS ;apmvSaiGu
tck awG @ qH k r _ u rd o m;pk j yef
vnfawG@qrkH _ yHpk rH sK;d ygy?J Edik if aH &;
t& tjcm;taxGtxl; aqG;aEG;
wmrsK;d r&Sad o;ayrJh t&ifu jzpf
ysufcJhwJh ydyuQawGudk tjyeft
vSefausat;=u+yD; oifykef;acs
vdkuf=uzdk@ awG@qHk=uwmyg?[k
autdkifpDodk@ ajymonf?
,ck v d k awG @ qH k r _ w G i f

(autJ e f , l - autJ e f t ,f v f
at) +idrf;csrf;a&;aumifpD OuUX
Adv
k cf sKyfxifarmifu (autJe,
f )l
taejzifh jrefrmtpdk;&ESifh vkyf
aqmif a eonf h ud p P & yf r sm;ud k
axmufcHtm;ay;a=umif; ajymqdk
ouJo
h @kd ('DaubDat)rS Adv
k Ef w
_ f
crf;ar$;ud,
k w
f ikd u
f vnf; Edik if aH &;
ESiyhf wfoufI (autJe,
f )l . OD;
aqmifru
_ kd vufcaH =umif; ajymqdck hJ
=uonf[k AdkvfrSL;apmavSaiGu
qdkonf?
wpf q uf w nf ; wG i f
u&ifvufeufudkiftzGJ@rsm; t
csif;csif; cdkifrmonfh qufqHa&;
tjyef t vS e f ,H k = unf r _ w nf
aqmufI u&ifhtmZmenfacgif;
aqmif apmbOD;}uD;. rl (4)csuf

Photo-KNLA
u&ifowif;pOf/

rwfv/

tay:wGif trsK;d om;a&;udk twl


wuG yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifoGm;=u
&ef if;wd@k tm;vH;k oabmwlncD hJ
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u&ifvufeufudkift
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f -l 'Dau
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t,fvaf t)+idr;f csr;f a&; aumifpD
wkd@onf jrefrmtpdk;&ESifh typf
tcwf & yf p J a &; y%mr o
abmwlnDcsufpmcsKyf vufrSwf
xdk;+yD;aemufydkif; if;wdk@. ouf
qdkif&mtzGJ@rsm;rS xdyfydkif;acgif;
aqmifrsm; yxrqH;k t}udrf awG@
qHkjcif;jzpfonf?
'DaubDat. jynfy
quf q H a &;wm0ef c H Ad k v f r S L ;
apmvHk@vHk@u (autJef,l)A[dkrS
xdyw
f ef;acgi;f aqmifrsm; tygt
0if ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf ,ckvkd
awG @ qH k a qG ; aEG ; cJ h & onf h t ay:
u&if t rsKd ; om;rsm;t=um;
ordik ;f 0ifonfh em;vnfrr_ sm; ydrk kd
&&Sdonfhtjyif tusKd;&v'frsm;
pGmvnf; &&SdcJhonf[k ajymqdk
onf?
tckvkd usaemfw@dk ukd
vmawG@wm t&rf;aumif;w,f?
em;vnfra_ wG/ yGiv
hf if;r_awG yd&k
oGm;w,f? a&S@quf jrefrmtpdk;
&eJ@ vkyfr,fhEkdifiHa&; qufvuf
aqG;aEG;r_awGrSm autJef,leJ@yJ
vufwGJoGm;zdk@vnf; usaemfwdk@
oabmwlr,f?[k ajymonf?
if ; wd k @ tzG J @ ES p f z G J @ ud k
oGm;a&mufawG@qckH o
hJ nfh autJef
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k f
rSL;apmvSaiG/ 'kppfO;D pD;csKyf 'kw,
d
2012 ckESpf?

ytd0
k ;f wrsKd;om;vH;k
pnf;vH;k =u&ef PLNO
wdu
k w
f e
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apmcg;pl;nm; (autdkifpD)
ytd k 0 f ; wrsKd ; om;vH k ;
pnf;vHk;nD!$wf=u&ef rwfv 7
&ufae@(jrefrmvwaygi;f vjynf)h Y
usa&mufonfh ytdk0f;trsdL;om;
ae@wG i f ytd k 0 f ; trsKd ; om;vG w f
ajrmufa&;tzGJ@csKyf-PLNO u
ajym=um;vdkufonf?
o#rf;jynfe,f/ [dkrdef;
rde,f&dS PLNO vGwaf jrmufe,f
ajrae&mY yvkyfonfh ytdk0f;t
rsKd ; om;ae@tcrf ; tem;wG i f
PLNO u ytd0k ;f vlxrk sm;udk xdk
od@k ajymqdck jhJ cif; jzpfonf?
PLNO taxGaxGt
wGif;a&;r; cGefjrifhxGef;utrsKd;
om;ae@qdkawmh udk,fhtrsKd;om;
w&yfvHk;&J pnf;vHk;nD!$wfa&;
udk &,lxm;wJhae@udk;? 'Dae@rSm
awmh t"du usaemfwdk@ jynfol
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aqmifrsm;uvnf; vlxkrsm;udk
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aqmifawG ajymwmuawmh wajr
wnf;ae/ wa&wnf;aomufc=hJ u
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pnf;vkH;nD!$wf=uzdk@ t"du ol
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wdkif;twmjzifh typftcwf&yfpJ
a&;wqifh jrefrmtpdk;&ESifh EdkifiH
a&;t& awG@qaHk qG;aEG;a&;ESi+hf idr;f
csrf;a&;twGuf ud;yrf;v#uf&Sd
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wpfapmif xkwfjyefcJhonf?
PNLO onf jrefrmt
pd;k & ud,
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OD;atmifrif;tzGJ@ESifh2011ckESpf/

trsKd;om;ae@qdkawmh udk,fhtrsKd;om;w&yfvHk;&J@
pnf;vHk;nD!$wfa&;udk &,lxm;wJhae@udk;? 'Dae@rSmawmh t"du
usaemfwdk@ jynfolw&yfvHk; pkpkpnf;pnf;/ nDnD!$wf!$wfeJ@
+idrf;csrf;a&;wnfaqmufr_rSm yg0if=uzdk@/ trsKd;om;a&;rSm
yg0if=uzdk@ usaemfwdk@ tzGJ@csKyfu jynfolawGudk t"duxm;
yef=um;wmayhg?
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jynf o l a wG u d k t"d u xm; yef
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ajymonf?
tcrf;tem;wGif
PLNO OuUX Adv
k rf ; }uD;cGeOf uUm
ESifh 0trsKd;om;tzGJ@- WNO
OuUX Adkvfr;}uD;wmhyvGJ/ o#rf;
jynf jyefvnfxal xmifa&;aumif
pDo#r;f jynfwyfrawmf RCSS
SSArS Adkvfr;}uD;p0fatmifjrwf/
u,ef;jynfopfygwD - KNLP rS
OD;pdkif;vkH ponfh r[mrdwfacgif;
aqmifrsm; tygt0if y&d\wf
200eD;yg; wufa&mufcJhonf[k
PNLO u qufajymonf?
xdk@tjyif tcrf;tem;
wufa&mufco
hJ nfh r[mrdwaf cgi;f

'DZifbm 23&ufae@wGifw}udrf/
2012ckESpf/ azazmf0g&D 5&ufae@
wGiw
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awG@qkHcJh=u+yD; jzpfonf?
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif vGwf
vyfa&;&+yD;aemuf 1952ckEpS w
f iG f
ytdk0f;trsKd;om;rsm;u if;wdk@.
trsKd;om;ZmwdrmefESifh pnf;vkH;
nD ! $ w f a &;rd K if u d k tajccH I
ytdk0f;bk&ifol&d,pENmrif;}uD;.
arG;ae@awmfukd tpJG yum ytd0k ;f
trsKd;om;ae@tjzpf pwif owf
rSwfcJh=ujcif; jzpfonf?
ytd0k ;f trsK;d om;ae@ukd
OD;aqmifusif;ycJhonfh PLNO
onf 2009ckEpS /f 'DZifbmwGif y
vk y f o nf h y td k 0 f ; trsKd ; om;nD
vmcHwiG f pwif zG@J pnf;cJo
h nft
h zG@J
jzpfonf?

Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;zv,fc(kd atmfvpfAm)/
zm;tHckdif OuUX y'dkapmatmif
armf a t;ES i f h tar&d u ef E k d i f i H
a&muf ref;uD;'dZk ef (a&mbwfb
Zef) tygt0if =opa=w;vsm;
rsm; Edik if rH S u&ifacgi;f aqmiftcsK@d
vnf; vku
d yf gomG ;cJo
h nf[k od&
onf?
autJe,
f o
l nf 2012
ck E S p f / Zef e 0g&D 12&uf a e@wG i f

vnf;aumif;/ autJef,l-au
tJ e f t ,f v f a t +id r f ; csrf ; a&;
aumifpt
D zG@J onf 2012ckEpS /f az
azmf 0 g&D (7)&uf a e@wG i f v nf ;
aumif;/ 'DaubDatonf 2011
ck E S p f / Ed k 0 if b m (3)&uf a e@wG i f
vnf ; aumif ; jref r mtpd k ; &ES i f h
y%mr typftcwf&yfpJa&; o
abmwlnDcsufpmcsKyf vufrSwf
a&;xk;d cJ=h uonf?

pmrsufESm 12

y'dr
k ef;+idr;f udk autJe,
f v
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&xm;yd@ak qmif
a&;0ef}uD; OD;
atmifrif;/ vl
0ifr_}uD;=uyf
a&;ES i h f jynf
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Photo-KIC
0ef}uD; OD;cif&D
OD;cif&D/ ref;+idrf;armifESifh OD;atmifrif;
tygt0if
rwfv 24&uf? (autdkifpD)
jref r mtpd k ; &. +id r f ; csrf ; a&;
axmif ' %f 3ES p f E S i h f azmfaqmifr_tzGJ@ udk,fpm;vS,f
wpfoufwpfu|ef;jypf'%f uscH& 7OD ; onf ae@vnf 11em&D 0 ef ;
onfh u&iftrsK;d om;tpnf;tk;H usiftcsdefY xdkif;EdkifiH/ rJaqmuf
(autJef,l)A[dkaumfrwD0if y'dk rdwGif vma&mufydk@aqmifcJhjcif;
ref;+idrf;armifudk ,ae@ ae@vnf jzpfonf?
wGif rdciftzGJ@tpnf;vufxJodk@
jyefvnfvGwfajrmuf
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vdkufwJhtwGuf twkdif;rod 0rf;


omygw,f[k owif;axmuf
rsm;udk ajymonf?
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k cf sKyf}uD; rlw;l
ap;zdk; OD;aqmifonfh autJef,l
t&yfzuf/ wyfzufacgi;f aqmif 10
OD;cef@ ,ae@ ae@vnfwiG f xdik ;f Edik f
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a=umif; xdik ;f -jrefrme,fpyf&dS o
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usaemf a y;xm;wJ h
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oabmygy?J [k cyfww
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k rf LS ;csKyf'g;ausmf
vk/ AdkvfrSL;}uD;e,f'g;jr/ y'dkapm
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k rf LS ;a[mif;ueJrw
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rwfv 12&uf?
qEN&Sifpm&if;wGif xnfhoGif;xm;
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jcif;rsm;vnf; &Sdaeonf[k qdk
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