Ti liu n tp vt l 11

T vt l trng THPT Phan Chu Trinh 1

HNG DN N TP VT L LP 11 HC K I

I. L THUYT
Chng I in tch - in trng
1. in tch:
- C hai loi in tch: in tch m v in tch dng.
- Nu:
+ q
1
.q
2
> 0 th q
1
v q
2
y nhau.
+ q
1.
q
2
< 0 th q
1
v q
2
ht nhau.
- n v in tch l Culng. K hiu l C.
- C ba cch lm cho vt nhim in:
+ C xt
+ Tip xc
+ Hng ng.
- nh lut bo ton in tch: Trong mt h c lp v in, tng i s cc in
tch trong h l mt hng s.
2. nh lut Culng.
- ln ca lc tng tc gia hai in tch im ng yn trong chn khng:
F = F
12
= F
21
= k
2
2 1
.
r
q q

Trong :
* k = 9.10
9

2
2
.
C
m N
l hng s t l.
* q
1
, q
2
( C ) : Hai in tch im.
* r (m): Khong cch gia hai in tch im
- Lc tng tc gia hai in tch im trong mi trng ng tnh:
F

= k
2
2 1
.
.
r
q q

- Lc tng tc gia hai cht im khi t trong in mi ng tnh gim i
ln so vi khi t cc in tch trong chn khng.
F

F
vi l hng s in mi.
-
12
F

c c im: + im t: ti q
2

+ Phng: ng ni q
1
v q
2

+ Chiu: hng ra xa nu q
1
.q
2
> 0
hng li gn nu q
1
.q
2
< 0
+ ln: F
12
= k
2
2 1
.
.
r
q q

3.in trng
1. Khi nim: in trng l dng vt cht tn ti xung quanh in tch.
2. Tnh cht c bn ca in trng l n tc dng lc in ln in tch khc t
trong n.
3. Vect cng in trng:
E q F
q
F
E

. = =
- Nu q > 0: E F

||
Ti liu n tp vt l 11
T vt l trng THPT Phan Chu Trinh 2
- Nu q < 0: E F

|+
Ch : in tch q cc cng thc trn khng phi in tch gy ra in trng m
ch l in tch a vo trong in trng nghin cu lc in trng tc dng ln
n.
4. Cng in trng do in tch im Q gy ra ti mt im cch n mt
khong r:
E

c:
- im t: ti im ta xt
- Phng: l ng ni t Q n im ta xt.
- Chiu: hng ra xa Q nu Q < 0 v hng li gn Q nu Q > 0
- ln: E = k
2
.r
Q

4. Cng ca lc in trng:
a. Cng thc: A = q.E.d. Trong :
- q ( C ): in tch di chuyn.
- E ( V/m ): cng in trng.
- D ( m ): hnh chiu ca im u v cui ng i ln phng ng
sc.
b. Ch :
* d > 0 khi hnh chiu cng chiu ng sc.
* d < 0 khi hnh chiu ngc chiu ng sc.
5. in th - Hiu in th.
- in th ti mt im M trong in trng l i lng c trng cho in
trng v kh nng sinh cng khi t ti mt in tch q.
- Cng thc: V
M
=
q
A
M
. n v: vn ( V ).
- c im ca in th:
- in th l i lng i s. Xt khi q > 0
+ Nu
M
A > 0 th V
M
> 0.
+ Nu
M
A < 0 th V
M
< 0.
- Hiu in th gia hai im M, N trong in trng:
U
MN
= V
M
V
N
=
q
A
MN

- H thc lin h gia hiu in th v cng in trng:
Trong in trng u: U = E.d hay E =
d
U

6.T in:
a.in dung ca t in:
- in dung ca t in l i lng c trung cho kh nng tch in ca
t in.
- Cng thc: C =
U
Q
. Trong : Q (C) l in tch ca t in
U (V) l hiu in th gia hai
bn t.
C (F) l in dung ca t in
- n v ca in dung: Fara ( F )
- Cc c ca Fara:
Ti liu n tp vt l 11
T vt l trng THPT Phan Chu Trinh 3
1
6
10

= F F; 1nF = 10
-9
F; 1pF = 10
-12
F.
b. Nng lng in trng trong t in:
- Khi t in tch in th gia hai bn t c mt in trng v trong t
in s d tr mt nng lng. l nng lng in trng.
- Cng thc: W =
C
Q
2
2


CHNG II: DNG IN KHNG I

1.Dng in khng i. Ngun in.
a.Dng in:
- Dng in l dng chuyn di c hng ca cc ht mang in.
- Chiu dng in l chiu dch chuyn ca cc in tch dng.
b.Cng dng in:
- Cng thc: I =
t
q
A
A
vi q A l in lng; t A l thi gian.
- Dng in khng i: I =
t
q

- n v cng dng in: Ampe ( A ).
c.Ngun in:
- iu kin c dng in: phi c mt hiu in th t vo hai u vt dn.
- Ngun in duy tr hiu in th gia hai cc ca ngun in.
- Sut in ng ca ngun in: l i lng c trng cho kh nng thc hin
cng ca ngun in.
E =
q
A

2.in nng cng sut in:
a. Cng v cng sut ca dng in:
- Cng ca dng in ( in nng tiu th ca dng in ): A = U.I.t
Trong : U l hiu in th hai u on mch
I (A) l cng dng inqua mch.
t (s) l thi gian dng in qua mch
A (J) l cng ca dng in.
- Cng sut: P = U.I
b. Cng v cng sut ca ngun in:
- Cng ca ngun in ( in nng tiu th ca ngun in ): A = E.I.t
- Cng sut ca ngun in: P = E.I
Trong : E(V) l sut in ng ca ngun in
I (A) l cng dng in qua mch
A (J) l cng ca ngun in.
P (W) l cng sut ca ngun in
- nh lut Jun Lenx: Q = R.I
2
.t
- Cng sut ta nhit ca vt dn: P = R.I
2

c. nh lut m cho ton mch:
- Cng thc: I =
N
R r +

- Sut in ng ca ngun in:E = I.R
N
+ I.r
E, r
R
Ti liu n tp vt l 11
T vt l trng THPT Phan Chu Trinh 4
d. Ghp cc ngun in thnh b:
- B ngun mc ni tip:
Sut in ng ca b ngun:
b
=
n
+ + + ...
2 1

in tr trong ca b ngun: r
b
= r
1
+ r
2
++ r
n

Nu cc ngun ging nhau th:
r n r
n
b
b
.
.
=
=

- B ngun gm n ngun ging nhau mc song song:
Sut in ng v in tr trong ca b ngun:
r n r
n
b
b
.
.
=
=

- B gm n ngun ging nhau ghp hn hp i xng c m dy v n ngun trn
mt dy:
Sut in ng v in tr trong ca b ngun l:
m
r n
r
n
b
b
.
.
=
=


II. CU HI TRC NGHIM:
Cu 1: t thanh kim loi BC trn gi cch in, a qu cu mang in m li gn
u B th:
A. u B nhim in dng, u C nhim in m.
B. u B nhim in m, u C nhim in dng.
C. u B nhim in dng, u C trung ha in.
D. u B nhim in m, u C trung ha in.
Cu 2: Cho hai in tch im c ln in tch
2 1
4 q q = t cch nhau mt khong
r th lc tng tc gia chng l F. Nu gim khong cch gia chng mt na cn
ln in tch gi nguyn th lc tng tc F

gia chng lc sau l:

A. F

=
2
F
B. F

= 2.F C.
4
'
F
F = D. F

= 4.F
Cu 3: Ti im M cch in tch Q mt khong r c cng in trng l E. Nu
di chuyn M ra xa n v tr cch Q mt khong r r
2
3
'
= th cng in trng E

v tr mi l:
A. E E
9
4
'
= B. E E
4
9
'
= C. E E
2
3
'
= D. E E
3
2
'
=
Cu 4: Cng in trng ca mt in tch im thay i nh th no khi tng
khong cch t im n in tch ln 2 ln?
A. Tng 4 ln B. Gim 4 ln
C. Tng 2 ln. D. Gim 2 ln.
Cu 5: Khi ni v ng sc in trng th iu no sau y l sai?
A. Qua bt k im no trong in trng cng v c mt ng sc.
B. Ni c in trng mnh th cc ng sc dy hn, ni c in trng
yu th cc ng sc tha hn.
C. ng sc in trng tnh l ng cong kn.
D. ng sc in trng tnh khng khp kn.
Cu 6: Khi ni v cng ca lc in trng lm dch chuyn in tch q trong in
trng th iu no sau y l sai?
A. Cng ca lc in trng ph thuc vo in tch di chuyn.
B. Cng ca lc in trng ph thuc vo hnh dng ng i.
Ti liu n tp vt l 11
T vt l trng THPT Phan Chu Trinh 5
C. Cng ca lc in trng dch chuyn in tch trn ng cong khp
kn th bng khng.
D. Cng ca lc in trng khng ph thuc vo hnh dng ng i.
Cu 7: Trong in trng u, t tam gic u ABC cnh a. ng sc in trng
hng t B sang C. M, N, P ln lt l trung im ca cnh AB, BC, CA. Cch so
snh cng ca lc in trng trong trng hp no sau y l ng?
A. A
ABCA
> A
MNPM

B. A
ABCA
= 2A
MNPM

C. A
ABCA
= A
MNPM

D. A
ABCA
> A
MBNA

Cu 8: i lng no c trng cho kh nng tch in ca t in?
A. in tch ca t in.
B. Hiu in th gia hai bn t in.
C. Cng in trng trong t in.
D. in dung ca t in.
Cu 9: Chn cu ng:
Chiu dng in c quy c l
A. chiu dch chuyn ca cc electron t do.
B. chiu dch chuyn ca cc ion m.
C. chiu ca in trng.
D. chiu dch chuyn ca cc in tch dng.
Cu 10: Sut in ng ca ngun in chnh l cng ca
A. lc in trng lm dch chuyn in tch dng q bn trong ngun in.
B. lc in trng lm dch chuyn cc electron t cc m qua vt dn n
cc dng.
C. lc l lm dch chuyn in tch dng t cc dng n cc m bn
trong ngun in.
D. lc lm dch chuyn in tch dng t cc m n cc dng bn trong
ngun in.
Cu 11: i lng c trng cho kh nng sinh cng ca ngun in l:
A. dng in. B. hiu in th
C. cng D. sut in ng.
Cu 12: iu kin c dng in l g?
A. Phi c ngun in.
B. Phi c vt dn in.
C. Phi c hiu in th.
D. Phi c hiu in th t vo hai u vt dn.
Cu 13: ln cng in trng ti mt im gy bi mt in tch im khng
ph thuc
A. ln in tch th.
B. ln in tch .
C. khong cch t im ang xt n in tch .
D. hng s in mi ca ca mi trng.
Cu 14: Pht biu no sau y l khng ng vi bn dn?
A. C th c h s nhit in tr m.
B. C hai loi ht ti in l electron t do v l trng.
C. Tnh cht in nhy cm vi tp cht.
D. Ch cho dng in chy qua theo mt chiu.
Ti liu n tp vt l 11
T vt l trng THPT Phan Chu Trinh 6
Cu 15: Dng dch chuyn c hng ca cc electron, ion m ngc chiu in
trng v ca ion dng cng chiu in trng l dng in trong mi trng:
A. Cht kh B. Kim loi.
C. in phn. D. Bn dn.
Cu 16: Khi nhit tng th in tr ca kim loi v bn dn s:
A. Kim loi gim, bn dn tng.
B. Kim loi gim, bn dn gim.
C. Kim loi tng, bn dn tng.
D. Kim loi tng, bn dn gim.
Cu 17: Lp tip xc p n c tnh cht
A. dn in theo hai chiu t n sang p v t p sang n.
B. dn in theo mt chiu t n sang p.
C. dn in theo mt chiu t p sang n.
D. khng dn in c theo chiu t p sang n.
Cu 18: Trong bn dn loi p th
A. mt electron nhiu hn mt l trng.
B. mt electron bng mt l trng.
C. mt electron nh hn mt l trng.
D. ch tn ti mt loi ht mang in dng l l trng.
Cu 19: Trong bn dn loi n th
A. mt electron nhiu hn mt l trng.
B. mt electron bng mt l trng.
C. mt electron nh hn mt l trng.
D. ch tn ti mt loi ht mang in l electron.
Cu 20: i vi mch in kn gm ngun in vi mch ngoi l in tr th hiu
in th mch ngoi
A.t l thun vi cng dng in chy trong mch.
B. tng khi cng dng in trong mch tng.
C. gim khi cng dng in trong mch tng.
D. t l nghch vi cng dng in chy trong mch.
Cu 21: Chn cu ng?
A. Electron t do v l trng u chuyn ng ngc chiu in trng.
B. Electron t do v l trng u mang in tch m.
C. Mt cc ht ti in ph thuc rt nhiu vo cc yu t bn ngoi nh
nhit , mc chiu sng
D. linh ng ca cc ht ti in hu nh khng thay i khi nhit tng.
Cu 22: Pht biu no sau y v c im ca cht bn dn l khng ng?
A. in tr sut ca cht bn dn ln hn so vi kim loi nhng nh hn so vi
cht in mi.
B. in tr sut ca cht bn dn gim mnh khi nhit tng.
C. in tr sut ph thuc rt mnh vo hiu in th.
D. Tnh cht in ca bn dn ph thuc nhiu vo cc tp cht c mt trong
tinh th.
Cu 23: Hai qu cu nh bng kim loi, ging nhau, tch in q
1
= 5.10
-6
C, q
2
= 7.10
-
6
C. Cho chng tip xc nhau, sau cho chng tch ra xa nhau. in tch ca cc qu
cu s l:
Ti liu n tp vt l 11
T vt l trng THPT Phan Chu Trinh 7
A. 6.10
-5
C. B. 6mC. C. 10
-6
C. D. 6C.
Cu 24: Lc tng tc gia hai in tch im 10
-6
C v -10
-8
C bng 9.10
-3
N. Khong
cch gia chng l:
A. 1cm. B. 10cm. C. 15cm. D. 20cm.
Cu 25: Nu ln in tch ca mt trong hai vt mang in gim i mt na, ng
thi khong cch gia chng tng ln gp i th lc tng tc in gia hai vt s:
A. gim 2 ln. B. gim 4 ln.
C. gim 8 ln. D. khng i.
Cu 26: Lc tng tc gia hai in tch im bng nhau t trong chn khng cch
nhau mt khong 2cm l 1,6.10
-4
N. Tnh ln ca cc in tch?
A.
8
2 1
10 . 7 , 2

~ = q q C C.
9
2 1
10 . 7 , 2

~ = q q C.
B.
4
2 1
10 . 7 , 2

~ = q q C. D.
6
2 1
10 . 7 , 2

~ = q q C.
Cu 27: Cng in trng do in tch q = 36.10
-6
C gy ra ti mt im cch q
mt khong 30cm l:
A. E = 36.10
3
V/m C. E = 108.10
5
V/m.
B. E = 36.10
5
V/m D. E = 36.10
7
V/m.
Cu 28: Cng in trng trong khng gian chn khng gia hai bn t in bng
40V/m, khong cch gia hai bn l 2cm. Hiu in th gia hai bn t in l:
A. 2000V. B. 80V. C. 20V. D. 0,8V.
Cu 29: Nng lng in trng trong mt t in c in dung 100 F bng bao
nhiu nu hiu in th gia cc bn ca t in l 4V?
A. 8.10
-4
J. B. 4.10
-4
J. C. 2.10
-4
J. D. 400J.
Cu 30: Cng ca dng in trn mt on mch c hiu in th 10V, cng 2A
trong 5 giy l:
A. 10J. B. 20J. C. 50J. D. 100J.
Cu 31: Nhit lng to ra trn mt dy dn c in tr 5O, c dng in 2A chy
qua trong 20 giy l:
A. 4J. B. 20J. C. 200J. D. 400J.
Cu 32: Cng ca lc in lm dch chuyn mt electron dc theo chiu ca ng
sc in trng u c cng 1000V/m trn qung ng 2cm l:
A. -3,2.10
-19
J B. 3,2.10
-16
J C. -3,2.10
-19
J D. -3,2.10
-16
J
Cu 33: Cng ca lc in trng lm dch chuyn mt in tch 1 C ngc chiu
ng sc trong in trng u c cng 2000V/m trn qung ng 1m l:
A. 2000J B. -2000J C. -2mJ D. 2mJ
Cu 34: Khi mt in tch di chuyn trn mt ng sc in trng, nu qung
ng di chuyn tng ln 3 ln th cng ca lc in trng:
A. Tng 3 ln B. Gim 3 ln
C. Tng 9 ln D. Gim 9 ln
Cu 35: Dng mt ngun in thp sng hai bng n c in tr ln lt l 2O v
8O th cng sut tiu th ca mi bng n nh nhau. in tr trong ca ngun in
l:
A. 2O B. 4O C. 5O D. 6O
Cu 36: Mt ngun in c sut in ng 3V v in tr trong l 2O, mch ngoi c
in tr R. cng sut tiu th mch ngoi ln nht th in tr R c gi tr:
A. 1O B. 3O C.2O D. 4O
Cu 37: Sut in ng ca mt ngun in mt chiu l 4V. Cng ca lc l thc
hin lm di chuyn mt lng in tch 8mC gia hai cc bn trong ngun in l:
A. 32mJ B. 320mJ C. 0,5J D. 500J
Ti liu n tp vt l 11
T vt l trng THPT Phan Chu Trinh 8
Cu 38: Mt ngun in c sut in ng E = 15V, in tr trong r = 0,5O mc vi
mt mch ngoi c hai in tr R
1
= 20 O v R
2
= 30O mc song song to thnh mch
kn. Cng sut ca mch ngoi l:
A. 4,4 W B. 14,4 W C. 17,28 W D. 18 W
Cu 39: Mt ngun in c in tr trong 0,2 O c mc ni tip vi in tr 2,4O
thnh mch kn. Khi hiu in th gia hai cc ca ngun in l 12V. Tnh sut
in ng ca ngun l:
A. 11 V B. 12 V C. 13 V D. 14 V
Cu 40: Mc mt in tr 15O vo hai cc ca mt ngun in c in tr trong l
1O th hiu in th gia hai cc ca ngun l 7,5 V. Cng sut ca ngun in l:
A. 3,75 W B. 4 W C. 7,75 W D. 6W

III. BI TP T LUN:
Bi 1: Hai in tch im q
1
, q
2
t cch nhau 3cm trong chn khng, c cng
ln in tch. Lc ht gia chng l 64.10
-3
N. Tm u v ln hai in tch.
Bi 2: Cho 2 in tch im q
1
= 36.10
-6
C, q
2
= 4.10
-6
C t ti A v B trong khng
kh, AB = 100cm. Tm im C ti cng in trng tng hp trit tiu.
Bi 3: Cho mch in nh hnh v, mi ngun c E = 7,5V
v r = 1, R
1
= R
2
=

40, R
3
= 20, I
1
= 0,24A.
a. Tm cng dng in chy trong mch chnh
b. Tm hiu in th gia 2 im C v D.
Bi 4. Hai in tr R
1
= 2, R
2
= 6 c mc vo ngun c
sut in ng E v in tr trong r. Khi R
1
v R
2
mc ni tip
th cng dng in trong mch l 0,5A, cn khi R
1
v R
2
mc song song th cng
dng in qua mch l 1,8A. Tm sut in ng v in tr trong ca ngun in

Bi 5: Cho mch in nh hnh v: E
1
= E
2
= 6V, r
1
= r
2

= 1O, R
1
= 2O;R
2
= 6O;R
3
= 3O; R
3
l bnh in phn
c in cc lm bng Cu v dung dch cht in phn l
CuSO
4

a. Tm s ch ca Ampe k v tnh hiu hiu in th
mch ngoi.
b. Tnh lng Cu bm vo Catot ca bnh in phn R
3

sau 1 gi.

----Chc cc em n tp tt----
1
R
2
R
3
R

A
E
1,
r
1
E
2
, r
2

R
2

R
1
R
3

C
D
A B