A cellular process in which a differentiated cell loses its special form or function, or reverts to an earlier developmental stage

Differentiation refers to specific permanent changes that occur in cells and are passed on to progeny. In general, cells differentiate through a process of making enzymatic changes to certain histones that keep segments of DNA (genes) in a heterochomatin conformation, making it inaccessible to transcription factors and polymerases. Redifferentiation refers to the process of differentiation in a cell type that had undergone dedifferentiation. This will be seen in certain primitive organisms undergoing regeneration, but some vertebrates can do this also. For example, certain lizards can lose their tails and grow back new ones. During this process, cells dedifferentiate and redifferentiate to produce all the germ layers necessary to properly grow a new tail.
The use of computer science, mathematics, and information theory to model and analyze biological systems, especially systems involving genetic material.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive molecules containing oxygen. Examples include oxygen ions and peroxides. iron, cobalt, chromium, copper , iodine, manganese, selenium, zinc and molybdenum.
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