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ck wr., jHdmdrhg wNsfhda.hka jk cfm Wreuh

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ck wr., jHdmdrhg wNsfhda.hla jk cfm Wreuh ta' ' mS' r;akdhl jika; idkdhl r; rdcmlaI mSm,aia ud m%ldYk ISBN 978-955-54278-0-7 m<uqjk uqKh( 2012 wfm%a,a m%ldYkh( mSm,aia ud oHq;a ;emE, ( rathnayakearunodaya@gmail.com / dissa47@gmail.com uqo%Kh ( risl ms%kagia" wxl 250" hQ'B'fmfrd udj;" rdc.sh

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;shla jYfhka m%;s.d;ajh tkafka ol=fKka h' th fndfyda g jD; h" meye,s h' tfy;a m%;s.d;ajh tkafka ol=fKka muKla fkdf' jfuka o mefKa' tlS m%;s.d;ajh f,fyisfhka yd myiqfjka ykd .ekSu Ialr h' ula ksid o th jdudxYsl joka yd jdudxYsl i ms<s ye| me<| tk ksid h' we;a; jf jHdmdrhla f.dv ke.Sug we;a;gu m%Odk ndOlh f,i ke.S iskafka jdu m%;s.d;ajh h' jdu m%;s.d;ajh m%ldYhg m;a jkafka wjia:djdoh u . s k s ' iuiudc fldhqksia wd mlaI wo jdu m%;s.d;ajfha judk WodyrK lsysmhls' tfy;a fYaI;ajhla ;sf' tajd wo u;jd jYfhkaj;a foaYmd,k jYfhkaj;a n,mEula l< yels n,f. fkdf' Okm;s mlaIj,ska Tlaiscka ,nd f.k hka; mK k, .eg .id f.k j;ajk tajd h' hefoka isk tajd h' ta ksid tajdg wo ys ;ek fl!;=ld.drh h' jf m%;s.d;ajfha wo ojfia m%uqL;u fukau n,mEula l< yels n,f.h jkafka ck;d uqla;s fmruqKhs' ienE jdu m%fYhla u; mok fjka oDIauh yd foaYmd,kh jYfhka th mrdchg m;a lsfuka f;drj wo ojfia ienE jdu jHdmdrhla f.dv k.kakg ners h' fuu ikaoNh ;=< cfmka Nskak ck wr., jHdmdrh ysu ienE jula f.dv ke.Sug ;nk ,o m % . ;s . d m s h j rla f,i ols k a k g m q jk' tfy;a cfmka le fjka jQ muKskau ck wr., jHdmdrh m%.;s.d h:d:hla njg m;ajkafka ke;s nj ifydaord;aulj mejish hq;= h' th ys jkafka cfm iNd.jd yd mgq cd;sljd foaYmd,kfha wNdjjdpl w;aoelSj, f;rmSf m%;sM,hla f,i i cfm iuia; oDIauh" foaYmd,kuh yd ixOdkuh m%fYh ms<sn| .eUqre Yaf,aIKhl m%;sM,hla f,iska nj m%ldYs; lreKqj,ska k fmkakq fkdlrhs' th ;ju;a fmkakq lrkafka ksjer f wdrNhla muKla nj w.;s rys;j mejish yels h' wmf.a woyi k ienE n,f.hla njg m ;a j ka k g k th ;j fn d fy d a rla . u ka l< hq;= nj h'

ck wr., jHdmdrh iuka; jkqfha cfm oDIauh" foaYmd,kuh yd ixOdkuh hk iuia;h iu. ftkash tal;ajhl mej;=k mqoa., iuQyhlkss' Tjqyq o cfm oDIauh" foaYmd,kuh yd ixOdkuh jer ls%hdjg ke.Sf yd iudc.; lsf iqi,a ldh Ndrhla bgq l<y' Bg Wmufhka odhl jQy' ta mlaIh Wfoidu h' mlaaIh flfrys Tjqka ;=< mej;s wdl,amh wkqj" mlaIh inkaOfhka Tjqka is mok wkqj Tjqkag m%drNlj cfm jer wvqmdvq oelsh yelsjkafka fndfyda rg m%dfhda.sl jYfhka fyda wkqN+;sl jYfhks' oekqu ms<sn| Nd;df m%drNh i,l=Kq jkafka tf,i h' Tjqka t;eka isg oekqf .eUqrg hd hq;= h' cfm oDIauh" foaYmd,kuh yd ixOdkuh hk iuia;h ms<sn|j flfrk .eUqre yd wgka iy.; Yaf,aIKhla

lrd hd hq;= h' wkqN+;sl m%fYfhka oDIauh m%fYhlg .uka l< hq;= h' Tjqka tfia t<fUka isk nj fmkakq l< o tys,d .= .ukla hdug Tjqkag isu wksjdh h' m%dfhda.slj .;a l, Tjqkag ;ju;a cfm wvqmdvq yd jer inkaOfhka iuia; yd h:d Yaf,aIKhlg hdug;a tu.ska ksYa; ks.ukj,g t<ug;a ndOd lrk iSud udhs ;sf' ta iSud bf w;sl%uKh jkafka ke;" tajd i{dklj w;sl%uKh l< hq;= h' n,f.hla f,i Tjqkag lghq;= lsug isj we;af;a cfm tf;la wkq.ukh l< oDIauh foaYmd,kuh yd ixOdkuh m%fYh ;=< ye jevqKq" fmdaIKh jqKq uOH.;jd Nd;hl fmlks je, imQKfhka lmd oud fkdf' m%cd;ka;%jd Nd;hla ms<sn| w;aoelSfuka riajq yd iajlSh jer inkaOfhka wfpkd;auljQ ne;su;a idudl;ajhla o iu.sks' fuu idudl;ajh ;ju;a fnfyda rg oDIauh jYfhka iskafka mlaIh f.dv ke.Su .ek" foaYmd,k ls%hdud.sl m%fYh .ek" cd;sl .egj .ek" frhkaf.a N+ldj .ek wvq je jYfhka cfm is jer oDIauh ia:djrhkaj, u h' tmuKla fkdf fmr oelajQ m kdhl;ajfha whg o fuys ;uka ;ju;a isk fndfyda ia:djrhka iu. .eg .eiS f.k wr.,h lrkakg isj ;sfnk nj o fmfkkakg ;sf' bka neyerj wr.,h ksis ikaOdrfhka hq;=j f.k hkakg k udlaia jfrl lSjd fia Tjqkag f ldrKfha ksrhg hdug ;r ksNS;Ndjhla yd wIaGdkhla ;sh hq;= u h' ke;sk isjkafka Tjqkaf.a m%h;akh fYdapkSh f,i .id hdu h' kEu ienE fjkila i|yd ixl%dka;sl ke;fyd;a mj;k ld,hla wjYH h' mj;k ld,h ;=< fkdje,la h yels f,i u kj Wreufha wx. iu. fmr Wreufha idOkSh wx. fukau ksfYaOkSh wx.j, kIagdjfYaIhka o tlg mj;skjd we;' tl myka tu kIagdjfYaI neyer lrkakg ne nj wms oksuq' m%Yakh jkafka merKs Wreufha ksfYaOkSh wx. wIaGdk f,i fpkh lr neyer lrkakg ck wr., jHdmdrhg yelafla o hkakhs' ljqreka ms<s .ekSug leu;s jqj o ke; o cfm ;=< mej;shd jQ nrm;, oDIauh" foaYmd,kuh yd ixOdkuh jer furg ienE ma,h jHdmdrhla f.dv ke.Sug m%n, f,i yria jQfha h hkak neyer l< fkdyels i;Hhls' ienE ma,h jHdmdrhla f.dv ke.Sug k tlS iuia; jerj,g u tfrysj kso hk wIaGdk iy.; wr.,hla l< hq;=j ;sf' ienE jHdmdrhla i|yd m%:u mshjr je we;af;a ta ;=<ska hhs wms l,amkd lruq'

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ck wr., jHdmdrhg wNsfhda.hla jk cfm Wreuh

ck wr., jHdmdrh kka Yd, msila m%jk;djla f,i cfmka le hdu wo ojfia jeo.;a foaYmd,k ixisoahls' cfmys tf;la fuf;la jQ oejeka;u mqmqrdhdu i,l=Kq l< cfm wnQoh .ek mqj;a me;srh;au tod fidaujxY" ,aka" jeks tys fcHIaGhka mqk mqkd m%ldY lf<a cfm ;=< lsis wnQohla ke;s nj h' lsisfjl= foaYmd,k uKav,fhka bj;alr ke;s nj h' wjYH k ue;sjrK flduidia i;=j we;s cfm ks, kdu f,aLk mlaIdlr n,d th ikd: lr.; yels nj h' cfm m%Odk f,al ,aka is,ajdg wkqj cfm ;=< ixjdohla i fnula fkdh' fn ms<sn| l;d udOH u.ska me< lrk tajd h' ^2011'09'18 ,xld& flfia jqj o fnu jid ,Sug oerE ;e; wid:l u;a iu. l,a,s lKavdh mhska .id mkakd oukafka hhs lshkakg ;r fidaujxY,d wdf.YS,S jQy' ^2011'10'05 ud,s.dj;a; /,sh& ke;ehs lshQ wnQohka .ek ,d,a ldka;f.ka m%ldY jQfha ;, le/,a,laj;a .id .kak ne ler,sldrfhda hk wj{d y`vla h' ^2011'09'28 uyck mqia;ld, Y%jkd.drfha& cfm iska fnu ms<sfkdf.k isu;a miqj lKavdhjdohlg foia fofjd,a ;nka fl%daOfhka msmsu;a u.ska fmkakq lf<a cfm lKavdhjdka f,i yxjvq .ik n,f.h tys .uka udj; flfrys m%udKd;aul yd .=Kd;aul hk fowxYfhkau .eUqrg hk hula islr we;s nj h' lKavdhjdka hhs yxjvq .eiSug ,la jQ Tjqka cfm ;=< ch.%dySj mj;sk olaIsK wjia:djdohg tfrysj u;= jQ jdu m%jk;djla f,i ykd .; yels h' ck wr., jHdmdrh kka oeka wkkH ;sfnk tu m%jk;dj iska cfmg t,a, lrkq ,nk fpkh jk j;auka ks, kdhl;ajh hgf;a cfm mx;s iyfhda.s;djdohg yd mgq cd;sljdohg jeu ms<sn| ldrKh n,.;= fpkhls' Bg cfm kdhl;ajh meye,sj ms< s;=re tajd LKavkh l< hq;= jQ kuq;a th tajdg ms<s;=re we;af;a fmr i|yka l< m fpkh f.k wdjqkag lKavdhjd fpdaokdfjka oud .id Tjqkag iyNd.s ug wjia:dj fkdie,iQ jHdc if,khla mj;ajd l=uka;%Kldj Tjqka bj;a lr mlaIh ;=< ;u n,h ;yjqre lr .ekSu h' kj jdu m%jk;djh fyj;a ck wr., jHdmdrh iska cfmg t,a, lrkq ,nk mx;s

iyfhda.s;djdohg yd mgq cd;sljdohg weo jeu ms<sn| jD; fpkhkag rf tlu iudcjd mlaIh hhs lshd .kakd th yrhd;aul udlaiajduh ms<s;=re h hq;= jqj o thg tfia lrkakg ne nj b;du;au meye,s h' uka o th udlaiajdoh w;a yer oeuqf g fnfyda l,lg fmr isg neks' thg l< yelafla o lrkqfha o w;S;lduh uqjy;a lsu" ta u;u / isug fjr oeu" wfkldg wj,do ke.Su" m%nkaOlrKfhys fhu yd iuyr ;ekaj, m%pKav;ajh mjd uqod yeu muKs' fuu wnQofhka f.dv taug is;d cfm ksielju ;j ;j;a h h Wmdudrej, msysg m;kjd we;' lreKq isfjka mj;skafka tjka idjlg h' f ;;a;ajh wd.l wka;jdoS yeisulska fjkafldg oelsh yelafla flfia o@ ikakoaOuh igka wjia:djl k ;;a;ajh fln h yels o@ m%;sjdkag flfia ix.%y lrkq we;a o@ oYl y;rlg je > b;sydihla we;s" ikakoaO wr., wjia:d follg uey;a bka ;u jeo.;a kdhlhka fukau l%shdldka Yd, m%udKhla wyslr .;a udlaiajd ma,h hhs lshd

.kakd mlaIhl u;jd wr.,h m,a, nei we;s ;ru j<l jeu fud<hg ,dNhla hhs lSj o wjia:d lSmhlu j<j,aj, jegqK cfm bka Wlydf.k we;s w;aoelSu l=ula o@ B<`.g cfm lKavdhjdka f,i yxjvq .ik kj m%jk;djfha tk ck wr., jHdmdrfha m%fYh fln o@ tys ls%hdldka cfm ls%hdldka ;r m%isoaO fkdjqK o uE; ld,Sk cfm f.dv ke.Sfuys,d il%Sh jev fldgila l< nqoau;a msila nj meye,s h' flfia jqj o udlaiajd uQ,sl m%;sm;a;Skag mgyeks mjdi iNd. wdKavq yd hqojdoh jeks Wmdh ud. fj; cfm m%fY fjoa f ish fokdu;a mlaI ;SrK yd l%shdud. iu. tl fm<g is nj;a ta ms<sn| j.lSfuka ,siaidhdug Tjqkag yelshdjla ke;s nj;a meye,s h' kuq;a jer ksjer lr .ekSug hful=g we;s whs;sh lsisfjl=g;a m%;slafIam l< fkdyels h' fYaIfhka ma,h foaYmd,kfha iajhx fpkh yd fpkh k ixialD;shg m%uqL ia:dkhla w;a jkafka ta ksidu h' jer ksjer lr.ekSug k jer lrkg fkd;snQ oe ffOhhla Wmojd .; hq;=u h' ta is jQ jer inkaOfhka we;s lrkq ,nk mSvkh fiau jer ms<s.ekSf uqyqK ug isjk ,cdj o m%n,jk ksid h' ta ms<sn|j f,kska lshkafka fufia h' wm mlaIfha jro meye,sj fmfka' hqKq mx;sfha igkald mlaIh jer ksid h h hq;= fkdf' h h hq;af;a jro kej; kej;;a lsug bm;au .ek h' ,cdj ms<sn| fndre ye`.Sulg hg jro ms<s.ekSug;a th ksjer lr.ekSug;a m%;slafIam lsu .ek h' m%Odk fldgu ,dxlsh foaYmd,kh ;=< fmr fkdjQ rE f,i rdcmlaIjre wlaIh lr.;a fycuksl n, wdm;Hhla f.dv ke.Su;a fou< cd;sl wr.,hg tfrys ysiqKq hqoaOh;a ksid ixlSK jQ ;;a;ajh ;=< cfm r`. mdk ,o N+ldj iska tys iuyr l%shdld fldgia iajhx pdrhlg fmd<Ujkq ,en we;s nj meye,s h' iuyr Y%S,ksm kdhlhka mjd lr wer ;snQ fudfyd;l cfm oe lemulska l%shdlrka n, wdm;Hhg Tijd ;enQ uyskao rdcmlaI Tjqkag hqoaOh kd ka uq;a Tyq isxy, foaYdkqrd.fha Och f,,jka bhgu wefka rdcmlaIjrekaf.a n, wdm;Hh f.dv k.d .ekSf kHdh m;%hla Tiafia h' f.da,Sh Okjdoh iu. kj cjhlska fmrg hdu;a Odhl ckdm;s OQrh fynu hdjj ;;a;ajhlg m;alr .kska foaYmd,k n,h ia:djr lr.ekSu;a mjqf,a yd lsgq jka;hskaf.a ljhla ;=< rdcH yd uq,H n,h flaka.; lr.ekSu;a hk wx.j,ska tu kHdh m;%h ilia ;sf' fou< cd;sl m%Yakhg i fiug W;aidy orkjd hhs jHdcj fmkajkjd yereKq g Bg i fiug fyda wju jYfhka hqoaOfhka mSvdjg m;a fou< ck;djf.a ; k.d isgqu fyda b,lal lr.;a lsisjla tu kHdh m;%fhys wvx.= fkdh' fuys,d cfm rdcmlaIjrekag ,nd ka iyh flf,ilskaj;a wdmiq yerh fkdyels h' rdcmlaIjrekag ka;kh mjd ,nd kafka cfm isks' weia mkdmsg iS>%fhka fjkia fjka mj;sk lreKq iska iqmqre yd l,la uq,anei.;a Yajdihka tys mokfuka fid,jd oukq ,nhss' u;hka m%Yak flfrhs' t<U we;s ;;a;ajh inkaOfhka ;u mx.=ld;ajh lsrd uek ne,Sug fmd<Ujkq ,nhs' wm Yajdi lrk hg j;udk lvbu lrd cfm wNHka;r wr.,h fudalrjka bka le ck wr., jHdmdrh lr<shg meK we;af;a fulS wkqN+;sl ;;a;ajhka hgf;a h' cfmg tfrys ck wr., jHdmdrfha fpk ^wm fuf;la Tjqkag ijka we;s ;dla rg& m%Odk fldgu mokj we;af;a wkqN+;sl wjfndaOfha iSudjka ;=< njla fmfkkakg ;sf' hula ms< sn| iqm eye,as yd mq,a wjfndaOhla w;alr .ekSug wkqN+;sl wjfndaOh muKlau m%udKj;a fkdf' fndfyda g wkqN+;sh wmj fkdu. hjkakg mjd mqjk' ukao th wmg ,nd

fokafka u;=m sg oekqula muKla jk fyhsks' wkqN+;sh oekqu lrd jk m%fYhla i iuia; oekqu fkdf' tfiau wkqN+;sl oekqu ,nkakg wfhl=g oHd;au l m%fYhla wjYH o fkdf' iuia; oekqu fj; m%fY jkakg wksjdfhkau wkqN+;sfhka Tng .uka l< hq;= h' wkqN+;sh kso m%Yak lrkakg ;r ksNS;Ndjhla yd wIaGdkhla o oelaula o ;sh hq;= h' m%Yakhl fyda m%Yak.; lreKqj, yevyqrel ish ,a,u;a tys wka; inkaOl ish ,a,u;a .ek mlaId l< hq;= h' tajdfha ixjOkfha fjkiajk ;;a;ajhka ;=< nyd mlaId l< hq;= h' f,kska lsh k hg iuia; ksia w;aoelS ;=< nyd mslaish hq;= h' flfia jqj o ck wr., jHdmdrh ;u m%fYh wkqN+;sl iSudjka ;=< iajhx fldgqulg bv yrskafka k o th wfmdaylj bhg f.k fkdhkafka k o thg l< yels nj fmfkk iqi,a ldh Ndrhg th iskau ndOd muqKqjd .kakjd we;' ck wr., jHdmdrh fuh wjfndaO lr .ekSu w;HdjYH yd jeo.;a hhs wms i,luq' tfiau ta i|yd wjYH flfrk foaYmd,k Wjukdj yd wIaGdkh Tjqka fj; we;ehs f fudfydf;a wms jerg;a Yajdi lruq'

cfm ;=< kj m%jk;djhl mQj ,laIK

iudch mx;sj,g fnoS we;s nj;a tajdg kdhl;ajh fokafka foaYmd,k mlaI iska nj;a wms oksuq' foaYmd,k mlaI fufyhjkq ,nkafka jeu n,mEula iy w;aoelS we;s ta ksidu j.lsjhq;= ;k;=rej,g f;dardm;a lr.;a kdhlhka hkqfjka yekafjk lsish rlg ia:djr lKavdh isks' jeuk;a bka woyia jkafka mlaIj, jevms<sj,j,a" l%shdud." uQf,damdhhka" Wml%u yd m%;sm;a;s ie,iq lrkafka tjeks kdhl lKavdh iska nj h' Tjqka tlu lKavdhulg wh;a jqj;a tlsfkld lreKq lrd m%fYf O;ajhla fmkakq l< yels h' wka iEu fohla fukau iudch o ixjOkh jkafka m%Odk fldgu tysu mriamr;djhka f.a wka; l%shdld;ajh u.sks' foaYmd,k mlaI o tu fmd kshduhg hg;a fjhs' md,sfka;= ue;sjrK" jev jck" wNHka;r fyda ndysr hqoaO" jd.sl fyda wd.l .egq wd iudc yd wdl isoaka inkaOj muKla fkdj iqkd jeks iajNdl m;a inkaOj mjd foaYmd,k mlaIj, m%;spdr olskag ,efnkafka ta wkqj h' tu m%;spdrj,ska m%ldYjk ye`.S u.ska tu mlaIj, fmd mx;s ixhq;sh fukau iuyrg mqoa., fYaIs;h o ykd .; yelsfjhs' Okm;s foaYmd,k mlaI ;=< l%uh mj;ajd f.k hdf fmd Wjukdj yd ta bgqlr .ekSf Wmdhsl m%fYhkaa w;r we;s m%Odk .egqu fndfydag m%ldY jkafka mqoa., kdhl;aj .egqula f,i h' ula ksid o tjeks mlaI ;=< Wmdhsl l%shdud. f;af mQK whs;sh kdhlhd w; muKlau r|jdf.k we;s ksid h' j;udkfha tcdmfha rks,a i;a .egqu o tnkaols' Tjqka fofokdg we;af;a f l%uh mj;ajdf.k hdf .egjla fkdj yq kdhl;ajh ms<sn| tk kdhlhd ;ud o wfkld o hk .egjls' cd;Hka;r yd foaYSh jdu jHdmdrfha b;sydih wkqj tys ;;a;ajh g fjkia u.la f.k ;sf' wd.l f,dalfha Wmkgu wfhl=g lsish wd.l oelaula Wreufjkjdla fuka Okjd oDIah ksi.ju tu mx;sfha ixOdkhkag Wreu f' wer;a fmd ck;dju;a tys n,mEug k;= lr.kS' kuq;a jdudxYsl oelau tfia hfula fyda h ixOdkhla ;=< ksi.j fkdmsysghs' tfiau idod ksu l< fyda wyiska my< jkakdjQ jdudxYslhka o ke;' Okm;s l%uh iska ksudKh lrk ,oaokaf.a iyNd.s;ajfhka yd odhl;ajfhka f;drj jdu jHdmdrhla f.dvke.Sula .ek is;sh fkdyels h' ta i|yd m<uqj udlaiajdoh fyda tys n,mEu fyda hgf;a fjkilg Ndckh jQ m%.;sYS,S mqoa.,hka lKavdhulf.a mqfrda.d;ajh w;HdjYH h' tfy;a tu ma,h lKavdhu fyda ixOdkh kj oDIahl msyshd jQj o Tjqka tf;la ye jevqK Okjd oDIah yd ixialD;sh fj;ska uqukskau le fjka we;ehs bka

woyia fkdf' fYaIfhka miq.d ixjOkhla iys; rgl fuu .egj ma,jjd ixOdk flfrys oe n,mEula we;s lrhs' kj ma,jjdhd ;=< uvkd ,o merkaakd fijke,a,la fia yUd ths' Tjqkaf.ka iEfok jdu ixOdkj, ;;a;ajh o tnu h' tajdfha jevms<sfj,j,a yd l%shdud. Ydia;%Sh f,i ilia lr.ekSf l%shdj,sh ;=< yd tajd ta;a;= .ekaf yd ;yjqre lsf Nd;h ;=< m<uq ;;amrfha isgu Okjd u;su;dka;r yd ixialD;sh wNsuqL fjhs' .egqug msfihs' iDcq Okjd oDIajdohg fjkiaj O yevhkaf.ka u;=jk fuh m%;s ma,h iq Okm;s oDIajdoh fyj;a wjia:djdoh f,i udlaiajd ma,h jHdmdrh ;=< k flf' ksYa; ma,h ixOdkhl fyda fmd jdu jHdmdrh ;=< u;=jk wjia:djdohg tfrys wr.,fha wkjr;nj yd oenj u; tu ixOdkfha yd uqM jHdmdrfhau;a wkd.;h ;Sr Kh fjhs' Okjdohg tfrysj lrk wr.,hg fkdfofjks wr.,hla fufia ;u fYa%Ks ;=<u u;=jk wjia:djdohg tfrysj l< hq;=j we;ehs o fnda,afIalhkaf.a ch.%yKh tla w;lska tfia wjia:djdohg tfrysj ,enQ ch.%yKhla hehs o f,kska wjOdrKh lrkafka f ksid h' wjia:djdohg tfrys wr.,h ma,h ixOdkhl fyda jHdmdrhl jh / mj;sk ;SrKd;aul lreKla fjhs' ta yefrkak jer wvqmdvql yd j,;d f,i idudkHfhka ykajk is fndfydag mx;s wr.,h ;=< w;aoelS W!k;djh ksid is h yels foa h' flfia jqj o ;u fY%aKs ;=< mek k.sk f ish ksfYaOkSh ,laIK wNsneug udlaiajd ma,h jHmdrh wkq.ukh lrkafka u;jd wr.,h hs' tu.ska jer m%;sm;a;s fyda Wmdh Wml%u h:d yd ;ldkql+,j bm;a flfrk lreKq oela u.ska fy<sorlr mrdch lrka ksjer m%;sm;a;s fyda Wmdh Wml%u ia:dmkh flfrhs' ifydaord;aulj lreKq meye,s lsf isg wkqlmd rys; oe fpkh olajd jQ mrdihl ysfokakdjQ tu wr.,h idlPd iNd fyda ,sms f,aLk jeks jdl fyda ,s; wdldrhlska wNHka;r fyda ndysr jYfhka is flfrhs' u;jd wr.,h wjia:djdoh fy<sor lr mrdch lsug bjy,a jkakd fiau ;u fY%aKSkaf.a oekqu yd wjfndaOh by< ouhs' ftkaSh igkald fmruqKq n,weKshla ksudKh lrhs' cfm ck wr., jHdmdrfha l%shdldkag tfrysj oeka lrkakdla fuka jyis nia KSu fyda m%pKavj yeisu lsisfia;au tjeks u;jd wr.,hl ,laIK fkdf' th oYuhlska fyda wkq.dlhkaf.a oekqu by< fkdouhs' Tjqkaj Nla;sfha /yekskau ne| ;nd .kS' cfm udlaiajd ixOdkhla f,i k flfrk g by;lS lreKq Bg o wod< fjhs' ck wr., jHdmdrh fj;ska cfmg tfrysj t,a, lrk fpkfhys m%Odk lreKq foljk mx;s iyfhda. s;djdoh yd mgq cd;sljdoh hk folu udlaiajdofha ms<s.;a mx;s wr.,h yd cd;Hka;rjdoh k uQ,sl m%;sm;a;Skag tfrys wjia:djd wdia:dk nj meye,s h' ck wr., jHdmdrh olsk wkaoug cfm b;sydih ;=< h h wvqmdvql j,;djhka fmkakq l< o fjk g ksYa;ju th wjia:djdoh lrd m%fY fuka udlaiajdofhka neyer we;' f ms<sn| meye,s .%yhla w;HdjYH jqj o ;ju;a Tjqka fj;ska tjekakla bm;a ke;' cfm uq,ald,Sk mx;s mfyka fojk mx;sh jQ jdudxYsl jHdmdrh ;=<ska weu;s ;k;=re ;=kla yd Nd. folla i|yd tod iuiudc mlaIh o miqj fldhqksia mlaIh o mx;s iyfhda.s;djd iNd. wdKavq foaYmd,kh fj; ixl%uKh u ksoh wkaoka fy<d gq tu cfm u fuod weu;s ;k;=re ;=kla yd Nd. ;=kla i|yd i|yd mx;s iyfhda.s;djh je<| .kq ,eu okjkafka W;am%dihls' B<`.g fou< cd;sl wr.,h inkaOfhka cfm oelajQ hqojd m%;sm;a;sh yd l%shdld;ajh cfm lshk hg wvqmdvqjla fkdj mgq cd;sljdohg hgula f,i ck wr., jHdmdrh iska ykd

.kq ,en we;' Bg wu;rj m%isoaO by< fm< kdhlhkaf.a ks< Odjduh yd md,sfka;=jduh jk ffY,sh .ek o lkiai,a, m, flfrk woyia Tjqkaf.ka m< fjhs' cfmys mx;s iyfhda.s;djd yd hqojd foaYmd,kh tys ia:rhka follg tk 1& 71 yd 88 - 89 wkqj f.dv ke.=K igkald ia:rh yd 2& 94 ka miq f.dv ke.=K ue;sjrKjd ia:rh hk folg fohlg n,md ;sfnk nj olakg yels h'

1& 71 yd 88 - 89 igkald ia:rh

cfm ish ikaOdk foaYmd,kh idOdrKSh lsug oelajQ lreKq iu. tys igkald kHIah ia:rh tl`. jQfha kuq;a ta l=l=ilska f;drj fkdjk nj fmfka' ta ta ;;a;ajhka wkqj ta ta Wmdh ud. f;au kka m%;sm;a;s yd Wmdhhka mg,jd bm;a lsf cfm ksudlaiajd l%uh u.ska idudl;ajh jHdl+, lrkq ,eu cfmg iqmqre fohls' th m%Odk fldgu oDIajduh mS,smekS fya;=fjka i lsisfjl= ys;du;d lrk ie,eiqulg wkqj isfjkaklau hhs lsj fkdyels kuq;a fidaujxY wurisxy %;dkHfha isg meK ;eka isgu mx;s iyfhda. ;djd ia:djrhl is njg ck wr., jHdmdrfhka bsm;afjk lreKq fkdi,ld ish fkdyels h' kkaok .=K;s,l yd u,a rjxY o fidaujxY wurisxy Tjqka f.a f.dfu wfhl= f,i i,ld lrk ,o m%ldY o tfiau Tyqg ue.iska nkaOkd.drfha fiiq /|hka yd uqiq jQ jk ffY,shla fkd;su o f w;r wfma u;lhg kef.hs' uqukskau jdf.a fcHIaGhka wysjQ cfmg Tyqf.a kdhl;ajh l=uk k n,mEula we;s lrkakg we;a oehs is;d .ekSu wmyiq fkdf' we;s jQ ysvei ;=< Tyq bf u cfm wkqyia kdhlhd njg m;a h! wfkla w;g ryis.; jljdkqf ifydaorhd hkak fjkqjg Nd;d l< whshd hkak miqld,fha oDIauh n,mEula iys; jQ o kdhlhka mjq,l whsh,df.a ;;a;ajhg m;a l<d jQ o ;;a;ajhla lrd .uka lr ;sK' ta ksidu ksYa; lreKla wjidkfha kdhlhka wjd;" m%Yak l< fkdyels p; njg m;a we;s whqre o olakg mqjk' flfia kuq;a ikaOdk foaYmd,kh lrd jQ cfm m%fYh;a iu. fuu igkald ia:rhg wh;a my< je fofkl= ;=< WodiSk ksy`vjk ;;a;ajhla we;s jQ nj m%dfoaYSh jYfhka fmfkkakg ;sKs' cfm weu;sjreka f.a wud;HdxY jHmD;s inkaO m%dpdrl fmdaiag we,ug mjd Tjqkag is ;su .ek fndfyda fokd lkiai,g m;aj is nj Tjqka fmDoa. ,slj wm iu. mjid we;' f jOkh fjka mej;s rdhdu mlaIhg fkdoekqkd fkdf' ta w;ru fou< cd;sl wr.,hg tfrys iajlSh mgq cd;sljd oDIah u.ska iduld foaYmd,k iula i|yd jk kEu m%fYhla m%;slafIam lsf cfm m%;sm;a;sh fya;= fldg f.k pkasld,d iu. ikaOdk foaYmd,kfhka ;rula wE;aj isu we`.g .=K nj Bg oefkkag o ;sK' ta .ek is;ka is fudfyd;l Tjqkaf.a jdikdjg fuka pkasld l=udr;=x.f.a iqkd iyk uKav,h lr<shg wdfh' th fya;=jla lrf.k jydu wdKavqfjka bj;ajQ Tjqyq tu wjia:dj rg fjkqfjka lrk ,o lem lsula f,i yqjd oelajQy' tfy;a wNsuqL jk ixlSK foaYmd,k m%jdyh .%y lr .ekSug ;r fmdfydi;a fkdjQ ;u oDIauh fldkafoais iska cfm kej; kej;;a fldgq lrkq ,eh' tlsfklg mriamr jqj o keu

fmdfrdkajla n,hg taug udk n,ka is uyskao rdcmlaI iu. cfm fm< .efikafka o mx;s iyfhda.s;djfha udj;g kj jghlska msfikafka o rks,a - m%Nd .siqu wfydaislr t,aBh hqouh jYfhka mrdch lsf .Kqfokqjla yd tu.ska rg .,jd .ekSf fmruqKq igkalrejka f,i mgq cd;sljd ufkdaNdjhkaf.a f.dre njg m;aj is nyq;r isxy, ck;dj w;r ;yjqre u i|yd h' tys cfm wdKavqfjka msg; iska mx;s iyfhda.s;djdoh cd;sljdofhka wdjrKhlr .;af;a h' cfm f meianr kHdh ;=< ,e. iskjdg jvd fl<skau wdKavqjg tl;=f wjYH;djh u,a rjxY wjOdrKh lf<a h' wm ksjeros k Tyq tu fhdackdj f;jrlau f.k wdf h' tfy;a mrdch h' wjidkfha Tyq wdKavqjg hk ;ekg lreKq fm< .iajd .;af;a h' bka mlaIh nrm;, le hdulg ,la fkdjqK o we;s l< lmkh m%n, h' fuys m%;sM,h jQfha mlaI wNHka;r iuqjla le|u yd tu.ska iNd. foaYmd,kh m%;slafIam lsf fhdackdjla wkqu;lr .ekSu h' fuu ch.%yKh wm l;d lrk 71 yd 88 - 89 igkald ia:rfha mx;s iyfhda.s;djdoh iu. fkdmEySf .=Kh wkqN+;slj iaMqg lsfuka ,o ch.%Khls' ta yefrkak th .eUqre oelaula u; isjqkehs ie,lSug ;r lreKq wo mjd bm;a fkdf' wo ck wr., jHdmdrh tod kj m%jk;djla f,i yev .efika is ld,fha tys u;su;dka;r f.k wd ihd" wfrdard yd miqld,fha ,xld mq;am ; fj;ska o meyeos,s .%yhla bm;a ke;' wfkla w;g jeros wvqmdvq ms<s .kakjd hk uqjdfjka cfm lf<a wNHka;rfha kef.ka ;snQ ;;a;ajh iuyka lr .ekSug ls%hd lsu i we;a;gu iajlSh jer yd wvqmdvq wjxlj ms<s f.k tajd ksjer lr .ekSug lghq;= lsu fkdf' ksoiqka f,i 2011 cq,s 3 ,xld mqj;a m; iu. iuqL idlPdjl wkqr idkdhl lshkafka l=ula o@ hqoaO ld,fha wfma l%shdld;ajfha .egjla ;snqK' fou< ck;dj ms<sn| mlaIhla yehg fhduq l< hq;= wjOdkfha lsish W!k;djhla isjQ nj we;a;la fuu m%ldYj, we;af;a .eUqre foaYmd,k oelaula o ke;sk jHdc rx.khla o hkak f;are .ekSug uyd foaYmd,k wjfndaOhla wjYH fkdf' ;ukaf.a jerj, ienE uQ,hka yx.df.k tajd iq foaj,a fldg Wka m,af,ka f.k l;d lsu iq Okm;s udkakh i fjk hula fkdf' wms f,kska fj;g fhduq n,uq' wm mqyq l;d f.;Sfuys ksr; fkdh hq;= h' wr.,h jvd;a fyd|g ixOdkh lsu i|yd lrk ,o jerj,ska ksis mdv W.; hq;= h' i;=rd bfha mjd wms wfma jeros ie`.h hq;= fkdf' fuhg hjk lsisfjla ma,jjdfhla fkdf' tfy;a thg m%;sf,dauj wm jD; f,i llrejkag fufia m%ldY l< hq;= h' tfiah wms jer lr we;af;uq' fuys f;areu f jer h<s;a fkdlrkq we;s nj h'ZZ f,kska - f;dard.;a lD;s 12 ^isxy,& ms 34 mx;s iyfhda.s;djhg tfrysj iuqj iska wkqu; lrk ,o fhdackdfjka miq igkald ia:rhg w;a yqiaula f.k jev lsug t;r ld,hla fkd,eK' mx;s iyfhda.s;djdyq ir;a fmdkafiald fldjg Wiaid f.k wdy' m<uqj uOHu lgqj ;=< fhdackdj mrdchg m;a jqj o wkqr idkdhlf.a b,a,d wiaf ;ckh yuqf miqj mej;s Pkaohl ,aka is,ajd Pkaoh fuka je<lS isfuka th

tl je Pkaohlska wkqu; fl we;' mx;s iyfhda.s;d udjf;a .uka l< mlaIh iuqqj iska bka bj;g weo f.k ;sh kej; jrla tu udj;g wdmiq ;,a lrkq ,nkafka uOHu lgqf je fofkl=f.a ;SrKhla iska k tu msi uOHu lgqf nyq;rh jqj;a Tjqka mlaIh fkdjk nj meye,s h' ula ksid o iuqj W;a;;r wdh;kh jk ksid uOHu lgqf nyq;rhlg jqj;a iuq ;SrKhla wNsneh fkdyels neks' ta wkqj iuqf ;SrKh fjkqfjka fmkS is msi iq;rh jqj;a Tjqka mlaIh ksfhdackh l< nj meye,s h' fu;eka isg mlaI wNHka;r wr.,h kj whrlg tk mdYj foll wr.,hla njg m;a jkq oelsh yels h' fomdYjhu fmr iQodk lrd fhduqu fkdje,elah yelallaj mej;sKs' wiu:hka .eUqre k jer ksjer lsug fjk;a ud. fkdue;s k ;shla jYfhkau b;s jkq we;af;a wjidkfha fjkau muKs' tf;la cfmys is 71 iy 89 f.dv ke.=Kq igkald msia nyq;rhla iu.ska cfm kj m%jk;djh ksudKh jQfha o wo Tjqka ck wr., jHdmdrh kka cfmka fjka kj foaYmd,k jHdmdrhla njg we;af;a o f wkqj nj wmg olskakg mqjk'

2' 94 miq f.dv ke.S wd ue;sjrKjd ia:rh

cfm mx;s iyfhda.s;djdohg yd hqojdohg fmr lS f,ig fjkia whqrlska m%;spdr oelajQ tk th wkqu; l< cfm mdlaIsl msila o is' Tjqka nyq;rhla 1994 ka miq ue;sjrK foaYmd,kh yryd cfm yd inkaO jQjka h' ke;sk Bg iyfhda.h fokakjqka h' 77 cfm kdhlhka ksoyia we;a fhdaO m%pdrl jHdmdrhla h;a lsfuys hqyqiq jq nj wms oksuq' th wjYHj ;snQ lghq;a;la jqj o jevj, w;HjYH wfmdayl inkaOh | f.k mlaIfha uQ,sl lghq;a; lr .;a ta msgqmi je jYfhka jQfha wdrlaIKjd ye`.Su h' fr" .ukdhl" jdia ;s,lr;ak jeks kdhlhkaf.a /ia ld, igyka .= ,ehsia;=jla h' ta w;r ia;%sla ugka wNHka;r idlPd o meje;aKs' f ish,a, m%Odk jYfhka ieliqfKa fyg kfha foaYmd,k ;;a;ajhg uqyqKf Wmdh ud. meye,s lsu w,,d h' mlaIh iska ksudKh lr .kq ,enQ f ldh nyq,;ajh iska w;HdjYH jeo.;a lreKq ms<sn| idlPd miaig weo oukq ,eh' wxl tlg fyda wxl folg .; hq;=j ;snQ 71 wr.,h .eUqka yeoEu we`.s,s w;ka ,siaid yefka h' kQ;k fnda,afIlajdhd bhg wefka w;S; iqkanqka lrmskakd f.k h' 88-89 isj,ska miq 94 isg cfm kej; l%shd;aul jQfha o tf,iu h' fmrg;a jvd my< .=Kd;aul njlska hq;=j h' th md,sfka;=jdoh" mgq cd;sljdoh yd mx;s iyfhda.s;djdoh mshjfrka mshjr je<| .ksoa Bg iudkqmd;slj wO kd.l iq Okm;s mx;sl isxy, fn!oaO fldgia ie,lsh hq;= wkaoulska ta fj; wdlIKh jQy' tjekakka cfm ms<s.;af;a oeka k th kshu mdrg je, jf.a hhs lshka w;afmd<ika f.k h' ta;a cfm uyskao rdcmlaI rcfha iDcq fldgialrefjl= fkdu .ek Tjqyq lkiai,a,g m;a jQy' Tjqka iu. wkkH jq kkaok .=K;s,l mlaIh ;=< tu u;h >Dcqj bm;a l< o th ms<s fkd.ekSu o fjk;a fya;= o ksid wjidkfha mlaIfhka bj;a h' bka l,lg miq f u;h oerE u,a rjxY o mlaIh ;=< W.% iNd.jdka wiajid,ka uka;S% msila o iu. mlaIfhka hk ;ekg lreKq ldrKd is lr f.k wjidkfha uyskao rdcmlaI rcfha mdYjlrefjla njg m;a h' kkaok .=K;s,l,d" u,a rjxY,d hk f.h wvqlsug fidaujxY wurisxy,d" ,aka is,aj,d ;sx. ;o lsug m%h;ak oerej o rjxY,df.a .uk cfm kdhl;aj fY%aKSka ;=< f jk g ch.%dyS ;snQ md,sfka;=jd m%;sixialrKjdofha ;ldkql+, wka;h ;snqKs' Bg tfrysj cfm ;=<

wNHka;lj kef.ka ;snQ m%n, m%;sfrdaOkh yuqf fidaujxY wurisxy,d yd ,aka is,aj,dg isj ;snqfKa udOHl ms<sfj;la .ekSug h' tfy;a tjka ms<sfj;lska cfm ;=< fuda fjka meje;s .egqu jid oeh fkdyels h' wjidkfha fmr fkdjQ rE iqi,a mudKhla .kska cfmys kdhl;ajfha m%;sixialrKjd" mx;s iyfhda.s;djd udj;g tfrysj .egqu mqm qrd .sfha h'

wmg fmfkk ck wr., jHdmdrfha foaYmd,k oelau

ck wr., jHdmdrfha foaYmd,kh ms<sn| wmg uiSug isj we;af;a Tjqka fj;ska fuf;la m%ldYs; woyia u; mok h' tajd jeuk;au Tjqka meje;ajQ m%isoaO foaYk yd mqj;am;a idlPd ;=< ;=<sks' bka tla foaYkhla- kj ,snr,a Okjdofha fojk bksu iy jf wNsfhda.h kka f jkg uqs;j m< lr we;' Tjqkaf.au jQ ckr< mqj;am;sska o Tjqkaf.a u; h rlg m%ldY fjhs' Tjqkaf.a oelau imQKj ykd .ekSug ;r tlS lreKq m%udKj;a fkdjk kuq;a m%Odk yerjq ,laIHh ykd .ekSug flfkl=g tu lreKq m%udKj;a hhs wms is;uq' th k cfm mx;s iyfhda.s;djd iNd. foaYmd,khg tfrys ma,h mx;s wr.,fha udj; lrd fhduqh hq;= h hk ia:djrh hs' tfia jqj o fou< cd;sl m%Yakh" hqoaOh" cd;sljdoh jeks jeo.;a m%Yak inkaOfhka tod cfm wkq.ukh l< m%;sm;a;s flfrka ;uka fjkia jkafka flfia o hkak .ek wjYH meye,s ls lsug ck wr., jHdmdrh ;ju;a bm;a ke;' f ksid ta inkaOfhka mj;skafka jHdl+, ;;a;ajhls' fuhska wms fjkajQ m<uq mefha u Tjqka mmQKj ilialr.;a m%;sm ;a;s ud,djla w;e;sj ish hq;= hhs woyia fkdlruq' ta i|yd tla;rd rlg ixl%uKSh ld,mfohla wjYH nj we;a; h' Bg miq jqj o mx;s wr.,fha Nd;h ;=< tajd mlaIKhg nka l< hq;=j we;' kuq;a fuys fmr olajd we;s m cfmg fuf;la isjQjdla fuka Wjukdjla ke;slu ksid fyda Wjukd hhs fkdoelSu ksid fyda ldh nyq,;djhg bv fyda ;uka iu. cfmka le wd msia r|jd .ekSu i|yd fyda w;HjYH jeo.;a uQ,sl oDIauh wdia:dkhka lrd t<ug wIaGdk iy.; fkdjkaf ka k o ta ldhh meyer ykafka k o ta i|yd wkjYH ;r > ld,hla .kafka k o th ksjer lr .ekSug wiSre nrm;, jeroaola jkq we;' wfkla w;g Wjukdjg jvd blauka lrk .%yhka jer yd j,;djkaf .ka .yk jkakg o mqjka nj wms oksuq' wkfmalaIs; ;r blaukska fnu isjQQ ksid ;ud iu. wd n,f. wdrlaId lr .ekSug blaukska yd je jefhka m%pdrK jHdmdrhg fhduqug o tfiau f;are .;a njla fmfkk iuyr jerj,g w; fkd.eiSug o ck wr., jHdmdrhg is u o h yelalla nj fmkS hhs' we;af;kau fuh ck wr., jHdmdrh uqyqK fok nrm;, WNf;dafldalhls' wfma jegySu wkqj k f ;;a;ajh Tjqka oekg h iSudjla ;=< jqj bm;a lrk idOkSh .%hka fodaIj,ska ksoyia fkdug o jerj, ienE fya;+kag m%fY ug Tjqkag we;s wjldYhkag ux wyqrd,Sug o fya;= fjhs' tajd fYaIfhka uQ,sl m%Yakhla jQ cfm mx;ss iyfhda.s;djdohg weo jeu inkaO .%yhkaa jQ l, jvd;au nrm;, fjhs' thu wdmiq ck wr., jHdmdrh oDIAuh wNsfhda.hlg o wdkqIdx.slj foaYmd,k ls%hd ud.sl wNsfhda.hlg o ,la lrkakla jkq we;' ck wr., jHdmdrh iajlSh fpkh t,a, lrkafka cfm ys 1994ka miq jljdkqjg h' ixlaIsma;j tu fpk fufia imsKavkh l< yels h' miq .sh ld,h mqrdu ;Ska .ekSug wod<j cfmg u. fmka jQfha udlaia f,kskajdoh fkdj m%dfhda.sljdoh hs' th ;Ska ;SrK .;af;a m%;sm;a;suh oelaula

u; msysgd fkdj ta ta wjia:df ,nd .; yels jdis .ek is;d h' ma,h foaYmd,kfhka fhda jQ th m%;sixialrKjdoh" mx;s iyfhda.s;djdoh yd iudc cd;sjdoh lrd msyqKs' tys foaYmd,k wr.,h t,a, flrefKa Okjdohg tfrysj fkdj wdKavqj,g tfrysj fmruqKq we;s lr .ekSu lrd h' ish,a, nef m%dfhda.sljd tk wjia:djd f,i h' g fya;= jQfha m%Odk jYfhkau kj ,snr,ajdofha w.;Skag hgu ksid h'

kj ,snr,a Okjdoh yd cfm wjia:djdoh

cfm foaYmd,k uKav, iNslfhl= jQ yd ck wr., jHdmdrfha m%uqL fm< l%shdldlfhl= jk mqnq chf.dv kj m%jk;djla f,i tys m<uq m%isoaO foaYkh jYfhka kj ,snr,a Okjdofha fojk bksu iy jf wNsfhda.h k foaYkh fld<U kj k.r Yd,df meje;ah' miqj th rf fndfyda ia;%slalj, tu m%jk;djhg wh;a ;j;a m%uqL l%shdldka iska mj;ajkq ,eh' tajdhska u;= l< u;jdoh cfm inkaOfhka Tjqkaf.a ms<s.;a .%yh jkjd jf.au Tjqkaf.a b .ufka oelau f,i o ks.ukh l< yels h' f ksidu tu u;jdoh .eUqka uiSu w;HdjYH hhs wms i<luq' kj ,snr,a Okjdoh yd tys wiSudka;sl w.;Ska .ek ck wr., jHdmdrh lrk .%yh iu. wmg .egjla ke;' Okjdofha uq,a wjfha m%Odk jYfhka cd;sl iSudj ;=< jq wjysr ndOdj,g tfrysj wdl yd foaYmd,k ksoyi Wfoid Okm;s oDIajdoh jqfKa ,snr,ajdoh hs' Okjdoh f.fhka f.da,ShlrKh jqj o ,dN wkqmd;h l%u l%ufhka yelS,Shdu ksid tys we;sjk wnQohka jvd ;shqKq h' ka fmd<Ujkq ,enQ f.da,Sh Okm;s by< lKavdhug m%d.aOkh i|yd ;j;a lsis wjysrhla ke;s f,dalhla Wjukd h' tu Wjukdj /.;a oDIAjdoh kj ,snr,ajdoh hs' fj<|fmd, fkdjk lsisjla ;sh fkdyelsh hkq tys f;audjhs' thskau tys wOu f,P w.;s.d;ajh fmkakq lrhs' th ksid yd mirhu;a WKqlr wUrd Bg W; f,i ilialr .kS' th i;Hhls' 70 oYlfha f,dalhg l, t<s neis kj ,snr,ajdoh 77 f'wd'chjOk iska ,xldjg ykajdka nj;a j;udkfha uyskao rdcmlaI mjq,a .c;=re ;ka;%h iska kj cjhlska th fmrg f.k hka ;sfnk nj;a ta jf.au i;Hhls' kuq;a cfm mx;s iyfhda.s;djd wjia:djdoh lrd .ukalr we;af;a m%Odk jYfhka kj ,snr,ajdofha w.;Skag hgf fya;=j ksid hhs lshd isk g ck wr., jHdmdrh nrm;, jer wdia:dkhlg ;,a hhs' Tjqkaf.a woyi fufia h' kj ,snr,a Okjdoh iska yomq w.;Skaf.ka jf jHdmdrhg .e,fjkak ne jqkd lsh,d tfyu wvqjla wms ,`. ;sfhkjd lsh,d ms<s. kak ksy;udks;ajhla wmsg ;sfhkjd' ^mqnq chf.dv" kj ,snr,a Okjdofha fojk bksu iy jf wNsfhda.h' 36 msgqj& wms ys;=jd wms igka lrkafka kj ,snr,a Okjdoh;a tlal lsh,d ye, n,kfldg wms kj ,snr,a Okjdofha f.dre njg m;afj,d' ^tu" msgqj 37& cfm f jk g mx;s iyfhda.s;djd wjia:djdoh je<|f.k we;af;a yqfola kj ,snr,a Okjdofha n,mEug yiqu ksidu o@ th tfia k fuh ;j;a w;=re kuq;a jeo.;a m%Yak rdYshla wm yuqf u;= lrhs' wjia:djdoh hkq mx;s iyfhda.s;djh muKlau o@ ke;sk tysu ;j;a by< whrla

o@ cfmys mj;skqfha mx;s iyfhda.s;djd wjia:djdoh muKlau o@ j;auka wjia:djdoh lrd u. mE .+Kd;aul yrhla ffki.slju cfm ;=< wvx.= fkdjqKs o@ ke;sk wjia:djdoh wyUq f,i ksYa; wjhlska miq muKla cfm ;=< mek ke.af.a o@ tfia k tys b;sydih 71" 77-83" 88-89" 94 ka miq wd f,iska tlsfklska fjka l< fkdyels" tlsfklg mriamr wjkaf.ka ixhqla; jkafka flfia o@ f ish,a, w;r wka; inkaO;djhla" wLKav .,d hdula fkdue;s o@ 1920 - 1921 ld,h ;=< jD;a;Sh i;sj, ldh Ndrh .ek nqydka" isfkdfh" fg%dials iy f,kska we;= m%n, fnda,afIla kdhlhka w;r mej;s m%isoaO jdofhaoS f,kska Tyqf.a jD;a;Sh i;s" j;udk ;;a;ajh iy fg%dials yd nqydka ifydaorjrekaf.a jer .ek kej; jrla k ,smsh u.ska wfmdayl m%fYfhaa uQ,sl ,laIK ms<sn|j o wjOdrKh lr w;ru h jia;=jla" fohla ms<sn| ienE wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug wjYH k 1' tys yevyqrel ish,a,u inkaOl iy zwka; ;;a;ajhkaZ ish,a,u .ek mlaId l< hq;= h' 2' tys ixjOk wldrfhka" fjkiajk wldrfhka '''''' ziajhx p,s; iajNdjfhkaZ .; hq;= h' 3' th i;Hfha ula f,ig;a iuia; ksia wjYH;djkag tys we;s inkaOh fmkakq lrk f,ig;a hk fohdldrfhkau uq ksia w;aoelSu thg we;=<;a h hq;= h' 4' th hqla; fkdj ixhqla; ;;a;ajfhka f.k mlaId l< hq;= h" hkqfjka wjOdrKh lrhs' yqfola kj ,snr,ajdofha w.;Ska ksidu cfm IH jQfha hhs ks.ukh lsf fldf;la rg by; f,kskajd l%uh u; mok jQjd o@ th ienkau tlS l%ufhka mQK jYfhka neyerj flfrk ks.ukhla fkdjkafka o@ cfm j;udkfha fmkakq lrk mx;s iyfhda. s;djdoh lrd wj;SK we;af;a tysu ixjOkfha O wj ;=< O iajrEmfhka u;= jQ wjia:djdofhau .=jla yd m%;sM,hla f,i fkdf o@ th kj ,snr,ajdofha w.;Skag f.dre jQfha o tys .=jla" tysu wkakhla f,i fkdf o@ wka iEu fohla inkaOfhka fukau cfm jer yd wvqmdvq inkaOj flfrk Yaf,aIKhl o wksjdhfhka u tys oDIauh wdia:dk" th fuf;la ls%hdjg ke.+ jev ms,sfj,a" wkq.ukh lr we;s l%shdud." uQf,damdhhka" Wml%u" ixOdk l%ufo yd m%;sm;a;s hk ish,a, tlsfklg wka; inka;j f.k mslaish hq;= h' th fmd jYfhka ,xlSh iudchgu;a mS; mx;s jHdmdrhgu;a ,nd we;s idOkSh yd ksfYaOkSh w;aoelS ;=< f.k mslaish hq;= h' cfm kj ,snr,a Okjdofhaa rduqj ;=<g iSudlr lrk hqla; mlaIdjka ;=< fkdj tys iuia;fhka f.k mslaish hq;= h' tf,i muKs cfm mS,s mekSu ksis f,i wjfndaO lr.; yels jkafka' tfia fkdjqjfyd;a frdayK frhkau fndfyda g ksoiqka fldg oela jQ wkaOhd w,shd fln oehs .%y l< ;;a;ajhg weo jefgkq we;' idudkHfhka fmd ck;dj fmr lS f,i Okjd iudc l%uh iska imdokh lrkq ,nk oDIajdohg yd ixialD;shg Wrd.kS' ck;dj o m%;sfrdaOhla fkdolajdu Bg wkq.; fjhs' tfia jkafka wjqre ish oyia .Kkdjla mqrd ;ukaf.au jQ wd.l ,ka iska fufyhjkq ,en ;sh u h' kj ,snr,a Okjdoh tu l%shdj,sh ;j;a mq,a yd ;Sj% lrhs' idudkH ck;dj yd kj ,snr,ajdoh w;r wka; l%shdld;ajh tfia jqj o ma,jjd hhs lshk cfm idudkH ck;djf.a ;;a;ajfha ,d ie,lsh fkdyels h' th ;=< th ms<s.kq ,nkjd hhs lshk udlaiajd oDIah iska Okjdohg tfrys m%;sYla;shla

ksmojkq ,en ;sh hq;= h' tys f;areu k Okjdofha ish me;s ms<sn| ksrka;r .fIKhl fhfoka ta wkqj ish Wmdh Wml%uhka kj;djhlska yev .iaid .ekSfuys yelshdjla thg ;sh hq;= nj h' mx;s wr.,fha ish jg jx.= l fy,a m%fYfuka ;rKh lrka mx;sh ch.%yKh lrd fufyhf yelshdj ;sh hq;= nj h' fuh ;kslru mlaI wNHka;r .=Khls' tu .=Khg n,mEula l< yelafla m%Odk jYfhka mlaI wNHka;r ljhkag h' ndysfrka fN!;slj t,a,h yels oe uokhla u.ska fyda kj ,snr,ajdoh jeks oDIauh ;;a;ajhka u.ska fyda mlaIh fj; lsis n,mEula we;s fkdlrkafka hhs ka lsisfia;a woyia fkdf' kuq;a tjeks l%shdoduhka f.a mjd id:l;ajh fndfyda g / we;af;a tajdg uqyqK f mlaIh i;= mq,a yd .eUqre .=Kd;aul yelshdj u; h' ndysr idOlhkag mlaIhla ish .uka uf.ka bj; yerh yelafla wNHka;rslj ndysr n,mEug f.dre ug ;r tys mokfuys j,;djka mej;=K fyd;a h' ksoiqka f,i tod reishdkq fnda,afIla mlaIh .kak' th by; lS .=Kdx.j,ska fy mlaIhla h' fnd,afIlhka i;= tla oejeka; jdishla jQfha Tjqka ish i;=rkaj YsIag whqka wjfndaOlr .ekSu h' Tjqkaj uqukskau kso hdu h' fuys,d Tjqkag msysg jQfha fN!;sljd l%uh;a" iqmeye,s nj yd ir<nj ms<sn| f,kskajd mdie,;a" igkla wjidkh olajd u f.khdug ;SrKh l< whg TkakdjQ iqmlaIdld;ajh;a h' hkqfjka fnda,afIalhkaf.ka fndfyda ld,hla riaj is ma,jh wdikakfha fnda,afIla mlaIfha uOHu lgqjg we;=<;a lr.;a fg%dialsg mjd ;u reishdkq ma,jfha b;sydih ;=< igyka lrkakg isfuka fnd,afIla mlaIfha tlS j .=Kh meye,s fjhs' mlaIfha j .=Kh m%Odk fldgu / we;af;a tys wNHka;r ljhka u; hhs wms by; i|yka lf<uq' fuys tal ;uhs mlaIfha ;Ska .kakd by<u ljfha fcHIaGhka mjd kj ,snr,ajdofha w.;Skag wyqfj,d Wmfhda.S;djdohg weo jegqfKa" ta ksid ;uhs mx;s iyfhda.s;djdohg .uka lf<a lsh," ck wr., jHdmdrfha fidhqre fidhqhka ;l lrkakg mqjk' ke;" fidhqre fidhqhks" mlaI fcHIaGhka ;=< oDIauh jYfhka wjia:djdoh ch.%yKh lr ;sug .= b;sydihla ;sf' tfia ieliS ;snQ wjia:djdofha ire u u; Wmfhda.S;djdoh fyda fjk;a tjeks kEu jdohla me<ug kE ;r bv wjldY we;af;a h' we;a;gu is jQfha th fkdfoehs udlaiajdoS tk wfmdayljd j .=Kfhka hq;= is;d n,kak' cfm Okm;s mlaI iu. tlai;a fmruqKq f.dv ke.Sug m<uqjrg wr wkafka 88 ;r wE; oS h' ta tu jif meje;aug ksh ;j ;snQ ckdm;sjrKh i|yd isrsudfjda nKavdrkdhlf.a kj ,snr,a Okjdofha fojk bksug fmr nj;a fr" .ukdhl jekakka cfm kdhl;ajfhka jq Y%S,ksmh iu. tlai;a fmruqKla f.dv k.d .ekSug W;aidy oefuks' f ish,a, is jkafka kdhl;ajfha ishu nj;a wjOdkhg .; hq;a;ls' tfukau wms ;j;a me;a;la .ksuq' we;a;gu 88-89 iuia; l%shdj,sh ;=< cfmka frhkaf.a kdhl;ajh hgf;a nrm;, jer is fkdjqfKa o@ tlS jer kj ,snr,ajdofha w.;Skaf.ka wdjrKh l< yels o@ md,lhkaf.a yd Okm;s yd fndfyda iq Okm;s oDIajdkaf.a fpk wms mfilska ;nuq' tfy;a ksOk mx;s oDIajdoSj .;a l, tod cfm nrm;, oDIauh" foaYmd,kuh yd ixOdkuh jer fkdlf<a hhs Tn lshkjd o@ frhkaf.a wm rlakd Wreuh fidhd hk ixf ud.fha

uqK.efik wNdjjdpl isysjgk fkdj<yd mslaikafka k tajd lsisfia;a kj ,snr,ajdohg ner l< fkdyels nj we;a;gu fmkS hkafka ke;s o@ cfm mjdih yryd we`. mdka iDcqj mx;s iyfhda.s;djh je<| .kafka pkasld l=udr;=x. iu. ikaOdk.; fjka h' f lrd cfm fmd<Ujkq ,enQf l=uk lreKla iska o@ ta wka hula iska fkdj fou< cd;sl m%Yakh inkaOfhka th oerE mgq cd;sljd hqojd ksudlaiajd ia:djrh iska h' tcdmh n,hg m;ajqjfyd;a fnjd ;%ia;jdoh ch.%yKh lrkq we;ehs o th je<elaug k pkasld l=udr;=x. iu. ikaOdk wdKavqjla f.dv ke.sh hq;=hehs o Tjqkaf.a .Kka ne,Su h' tlai;a fmruqK iy tlai;a l%shdud. ms<sn| ;l fgdka .Kkla bm;a l< o th Okm;s mx;sfha tla lKavdhulg tfrysj tu mx;sfhau ;j;a lKavdhula iu. fm< .eiauls" mx;s iyfhda.s;djohls' mquh k t;ek Odhl ckdm;s OQrh wfydais lsug cfmg ,s; fmdfrdkajla ka kuq;a n,hg m;ajQ miq lsis kl th bgq fkdl< pkasld l=udr;=x. u.ska hula bgq lr .kakg weh iu. iNd.hlg hdu h' wfkla w;g cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r jYfhka uy;a ms<s.ekSug ,lajQ cd;sl m%Yakhg foaYmd,k iula ,nd f wef.a wNs,dIh ikaOdk.; f cfm me;af;ka jQ fnjdoh merof uQ,sl wNs,dIh iu. meye,sj mriam r h' fomdYjfhka lsisfjl=gj;a ienEjla lr.; fkdyels nj meye,sj okakd lreKq inkaOfhka iuq;shlg tau hkq wuq jHdchls' pkasld l=udr;=x. me;af;ka th flfia fyda n,h ia:dms; lr .ekSf Wml%uhls' cfm me;af;ka th ish mgq cd;sljd Wmdh yd iq OfkaYajr Wjukdjka bgqlr .ekSf Wml%uhls' mx;s wr.,h mx;s iyfhda.s;djh iska o cd;Hka;rjdoh mgq cd;sljdoh iska o ia:dmkh flKs' wjia:d follu l=uk jer fyda wvqmdvq ueoafoa kuq;a foaYmd,k wr.,h ;=< m%n, igkald;ajhla oyd fmkajq cfm tys m%;sreoaO ejhg msula .eiqf tf,i h' fufia is jQfha kj ,snr,a Okjdofha w.;Skaf.a n,mEu ksid o ke;sk ish iq OfkaYajr oDIauh mok fya;= fldg f.k mS; cd;sh lf.a Wjukdjka o ykdf.k tajdg o wduka;%Kh lrkakdjQ ksOk mx;s ma,jh - th ta wdldrfhkau jgyd fkd.ekSu ksid o@ tfia;a ke;fyd;a n,h ms<sn| ;u w wNs,dIS jqjukdjka fya;= fldg f.k th me;a;lska ;enQ ksid o@ fou< cd;sl m%Yakh inkaOfhka cfm ia:djrh imQKfhkau tys jeo.;au idOlh jQ oDIauh lafIa;%hg wh;a jQ o ta ksidu wNHka;r jQ o lreKls' kj ,snr,ajdoh ndysruh idOlhls' hula f;are .ekSug m%Odk jYfhkau tys w;HdjYH jeo.;a wNHka;ll idOl mslaiSug m%uqL;ajh oSu wfmdayl l%uh hs' ndysr idOl wYHfhkau ie,ls,a,g .; hq;= kuq;a mok idOlh fia ie,lsh fkdyels h' wNHka;r yd ndysr idOlhka tajdg ksis wfkHdkH inkaO;djh ;=< f.k msrslaish hq;= h' we;af;kau ikaOdkhlg t<U tys weu;s ;k;=re oef ,efnk kjHuh w;aoelS ma,jjdhd kso f.dia mqoa.,hd ;=< ;ekam;a h yels h' tu ;;a;ajh iska fmd<Ujkq ,enQ Tyq$weh kj ,snr,ajdofha ysrg u f,d,a h yels h' Bg miq Tyqg$wehg w.;Ska w.;Skau fkdjkjd we;' tfiau Tyq$weh kdlj tajd fy<d olska yels yeugu mlaIfha ish Wmdh ud.hka ta uf.ysu fhduq lrug W;aidy .kafka i;H ye`.S i`.jd f.k h' f ;dla rg kj ,snr,ajd w.;Ska fyda tjeks ndysr n,mE k%shd;aul jk nj wms m%;slafIam fkdlruq' wjfndaOh we;s lemjQ iy frdaOdr fldhqksiajrekaf.ka iuka; fyd| md,sfka;= lKavdhula msysgqf wjYH;djh;a tys uqyqK mdkakg isjk Ialr;djhka .ek;a f,kska wjOdrKh lrkafka fujka ;;a;ajhka ksid h' flfia jqj o ndysr idOlhla jq kj ,snr,a Okjdofha w.;Skag hgu isug mQjfhka cfm

ksOk mx;s ma,jh inkaOfhka fukau fou< cd;sl m%Yakh inkaOfhka o jQ ;u wNHka;l ksudlaiajd m%;sm;a;sh iska Okm;s iNd.hla fj; ;,a lrkq ,en ;sKs' f,kska lshk m m%Yakh uq ksia w;aoels ;=< f.k mlaId lsf meye,sjk i;H th hs' f wkqj cfm mx;s iyfhda.s;djdoh je<| .ekSu lrd fhduq l< uQ,sl fya;= idOlhka kj ,snr,ajdofha w.;Skag hgu hkakg jvd .eUqre h' m<,a h' wE;g j hhs' fuh f;are .ekSu i|yd cfm b;sydifha tlsfklg mriamr wjka uQ,drNh f;la wdmiaig hka mslaid ne,Su wksjdh fldkafoaishla jkq we;ehs hkak h<s h<s;a wjOdrKh lsu jeroaola jkakg ne h' fuys wm b;sydihg wkqj wkqms<sfj,lg fkdj iuia;h ;=< ksoYk f,i f.k n,uq'

83 - 89 cfm foaYmd,kh
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bm;a lsug lsisfjl= bm;a jQfha ke;' h fyda n,mEula lsug yelshdj ;snQ ,hk,a fndamf.a f jkg w;awvx.=f miq h' ta yefrkak wms miqj oek .;a wkaoug Tyq 1983 cqks uOHu lgq /iafuka miq mlaIfhka bj;aug ;SrKh lrf.k isg we;' flfia fyda f is ud,dj ;=<ska fmkakq lrk jeo.;a foa k iuia; mlaI kdhl;ajh l%sh d lr we;af;a b.d fkdj miq.d Wmdhsl oDIauh m%fYhlska nj h' bka miq t< ld,h cfmg fockl ld,mfohla h' tu ld, iSudj ;=< . yereK cfm foaYfm%a wr.,fha foaYmd,k yrh bka wk;=rej tk 94 ka miq t<U j;udkh olajd jQ tys foaYmd,kh ;=< fkdj,elah yels f,i wvx.= we;s nj wfma jegySu h' tlsfklg mriamr O%ejhka fj; laIKslj udref yd ta u; iuia;h msysgqjd ,Sf cfm wmQj yelsh dj 83 kej; jrla fmkakq lf<a h' fmrod fnd,afIla cd;Hka;rjdofha j .=Kh .ek uy;a by<ska l;d lrka foaYfm%auh hkq mgq cd;sljdoh h hkqfjka yxjvq .eiQ cfmg Bkshd foaYfma% mlaIhla njg ;;ajdfrdamKh ug je l,la wjYH fkd h' fuf,i we;sfjk fjkia cfm kdhlhkag wkqj k fjkiajk ;;a;ajhka wkqj Wmdhhka fjkia lsf cfm i;= YsIag yelshdj h' ta .ek Tjqyq wdvnrfhka ks;r lshj;s' ta wdikak bh fjkqfjka mlaIhg muKla jdisodhl f,i l%shdud. f;af m%dfhda.sljdoS l%uhla nj;a fuys ieugu uQ,sl oYkh yd m%;sm;a;Ska me;a;lg isfjk nj;a Tjqyq fkd;ld yehy' cfm b;sydih mslaid n,k ljfrl=g jqj;a tys fulS .=Kh iska mriamr me;s lrd we;s lrk foda,kh fydka fmkS hd hq;= h' ;ykfuka miq tys wjOdkh fhduq jkafka B<`. lvbu l=ula o hkak .ek h' fou< B< wr.,h fj; tys mQK wjOdkh fhduq lrkafka f wkqj h' 85 t<s oelajq frhkaf.a fou< B<d wr.,hg iu l=ulao@ lD;sfhka tys B<`. uQf,damdhg m%fY ug wjYH foaYmd,k oDIah bm;a fjhs' fou< cd;sl wr.,fha cd;sl mSvkh k mok idOlh ksfYaO lsfuka Tyq lrkaafka tu wr.,h yqfola bkahdj yd ngysr rgj,a iska tajdfha Wjukdjkag wkqj fufyh jkakla njg ,>q lsu h' wu;rj Tyq b;sydifhka lreKq fmkakd fokafka th fou< j.jd wr.,hla f,i lshjkakdg ye`.S hk m h' wfkla w;g Tyqf.a u;h ikd: lsug f,kskaf.ka > jYfhka Wmqgd olajka Tyq lrkafka lshjkakd laIsma; Ndjhg m;a lrka yd jHdl+, lrka ;u jHdc u;h f.k yer oelau h' fuh ikd: lsu i|yd >j lreKq oelah yels jqj o f ,smsfha ikaoNh yd wjia:dj Bg bv fkdfok fyhska ksoiqkla folla oelaug fuys wms iSud fjuq' Tyq f lD;sfhka bm;a lrk m%Odk m%ia;=;hla jkafka 1917 wfm%a,a j,ska miq iajhx ;SrKhg cd;Ska i;= whs;sh hkak f,kska iska w;ayer oukq ,enQ njhs' fou< B<d wr.,hg iu l=ulao@ lD;sfhys 106 isg 118 olajd msgq fjka lr we;af;a f,kska f.ka .;a > Wmqgj,ska Tyqf.a u;h ikd; lsrSug h' Tyq f,kska Wmqgd olajka lshkafka 1917 wfma%,aj,ska miq f,kska lsis ;ekl iajhx ;SrKhg cd;Ska i;= whs;sh hkak i|yka lr ke;s nj;a thska Tmamq jkafka f,kska tu iQ;%h w;ayer oud we;s nj;a hkak h' fuh Tmamq lsu i|yd Tyq f,kska f.ka f.k yer mdk Wmqgk lsysmhla fufia h' 14' cd;sl m%Yakh inkaOfhka ksOk mx;sl mlaIh ish,a,gu m%:ufhka idjdoh iska mSvdjg m;a lrkq ,enqjd jQ fyda n,y;aldrfhka tlalr .kq ,enqjd fyda n,y;aldrfhka rdcH foaY

iSud we;=<; ;nd .kq ,enqjd fyda tk we|d .kq ,enqjd jQ ish u cd;Skag yd ck;djkag reish dfjka fjka f imQK ksoyi ksfokh ls u yd jydu bIag lsu l< hq;=u h' Nd;dfjka fjka f whs;sh bIag lsu u.ska tlg hkafka ke;s wE|d .ekS m%;slafIam ls inkaO iEu m%ldYhlau" ksf okhlau yd m%ldYkhlau ck;djf.a OfkaYajr /j fyda ke;sk iq OfkaYajr OIaG m%d :kd yer wka lsisjla fkdf' ^106 msg wjOdrKh wfma& fuys frhkag Wmqgd oelaug u. yereKq fuysu wjidk fldgi o g tla lruq' fjkaf mQK ksoyi" mq,a;u m%dfoaYSh ^yd cd;sl& iajhx md,kh yd cd;sl iq ck fldgiaj, whs;Ska ms< sn| ia;D; iy;slhka - ma,h ksOk mx;sfha jev ms< sfj, fuhhs' ^wjOdrKh wfma& reish dj ie,;a ish cd;Skag ksoyfia fjka ug yd iajdk rdcHhka msysgq ug whs;sh ms< s. ; hq;=u h' '''''''O cd;skaf .a llrejka w;r imQK iyfhda. s;dj iy;sl l< yelafla iy ienE m%cd;ka;s%l ud.fhys cd;Ska tlg im lsug Wo l< yelafla ksOk mx;sh iska cd;Skaf.a fjka f whs;sh ms< s .ekSfuka muKls' ^108 msgqj wjOdrKh wfma& fujka Wmqgd oela j,ska miq fufia lshhs' wfma fY%aIaG kdhlhd yd .=rejrhd jk f,kska ms<sn|j wfma wjfndaOh iajhx ;SrKh i|yd cd;Ska i;= whs;sh iQ;%h fhdackdf i|yka fkdu yq wynhla fyda fkdie,ls,a,la hhs Yajdi lsug wmg bv fkdfohs' reish dkq ma,jfha yd fldhqksia cd;Hka;rfha ,sh ,sj,ska m%;HlaI

jkafka f jk g;a f,kska iska isxj;a" .dhlhd;a fukau ix.S; Yd,dj;a uqukskau w;ayer oeuQ njhs' tk iQ;%h" fl!ials yd fofjks cd;Hka;rh hs' ta fofjks cd;Hka;rh ksOk mx;shg tfrysj wrdcHjdoh iu. jD;ju iyfhda.Sj ls%hd lsu ksid;a iQ;%fha W;amdolhd jQ fl!ials krlu j.fha wjia:dfhl=" udOHlfhl= ksOk mx;s mrud:hg fdayS i;=frl= u ksid;a" iajhx ;SrKh i|yd cd;Ska i;= whs; sh iQ;%h cd;sl .egj ms<sn| ksOk mx;s ia:djrh meye,s yd ksYa; jpkj,ska ia;r lr oelaug m%udKj;a fkdjk iy fhda.H fkdjk ksid;a h' ^109 msg
wjOdrKh Tyqf.a& we;a;gu f,kska 1917 wfm%a,aj,ska miq f,kska lf<a zzish u cd;Skag yd ck;djkag reish dfjka fjka f imQK ksoyi ksfokh ls u yd jydu bIag lsu l< hq;=u h'ZZ" fjka f mQK ksoyi" mq,a;u m%dfoaYSh ^yd cd;sl& iajhx md,kh yd cd;sl iq ck fldgiaj, whs;Ska ms< sn| ia;D; iy;slhka - ma,h ksOk mx;sfha jev ms< sfj, fuhhs'" reish dj ie,;a ish cd;Skag ksoyfia fjkaug yd iajdk rdcHhka msysgq ug whs;sh ms<s. ; hq;=u h' '''''''O cd;skaf.a llrejka w;r imQK iyfhda. s;dj iy;sl l< yelafla iy ienE m%cd;ka;s%l ud.fhys cd;Ska tlg im lsug Wo l< yelafla ksOk mx;sh iska cd;Skaf.a fjka f whs;sh ms< s .ekSfuka muKls' hkqfjka fhoSfuka f iQ;%h w;yer oeu o@ wms frhka iskau ish lD;sfhys 7677 msgqj, Wmqgd olajkq ,nk f,kskaf.a Wmqgkhla .ksuq'

''' iajhx ;SrKh i|yd cd;Ska i;= whs;sh " tk fjka hdug iy iajdk cd;sl rdcHhkag we;s

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fuys fjkaj hdug iy iajdk cd;sl rdcHhkag we;s whs;sh f,i f,kska olajkafka l=ula o@ iajhx ;SrKhg we;s whs;sh fkdf o@ frhka lsisodl lshjd ke;s nj fmfkk 1917 fkdjn 2 k ^tk 1917 wfm%a,aj,g miq& m%ldYhg m;a l< reishdf ck;djf.a whs;sjdisl ms< sn| m%ldYkfha my; i|yka fldgi o n,kak' ''' fuu Wml,amkhkaf.ka mgka f.k fuu jif cQksj, fidah iNdj, m<uq if,kh ksoyia iajhx ;SrKhg reish df ck;djkag we;ss whs;sh m%ldYhg m;a lf<a h' fuu jif Tlaf;danys fidah iNdj, fojk if,kh reish df ck;djkaf.a fuu wys l< fkdyels whs;sh jvd;a ;SrKd;aul f,i yd ksYa; f,i h<s iy;sl lf<a h' uyck liqrejrekaf.a ljqkais,h my; i|yka uQ,Ouj,ska m%ldYs; m fuu ifkj, tlai;a wNsu;h reishdf cd;sl;ajhka ms<sn| m%Yakh wrNhd jk ls%hdld;ajfha moku f,i ;SrKh lf<a h' 1' reishdf ck;djf.a iudk;ajh yd iaffjNdjh 2' fjka fjku rdcHhla f.dv k.d .ekSf ,laIHh olajd jqj ksoyia iajhx ;SrKhg reish df ck;djg we;s whs;sh 3'''''''''' 4''''''''''' cd;sl;aj lghq;= ms<sn| fldidhla msysgq fuka miq fuu uQ,Ou u; mokj wkq.ukh l< hq;= ixhqla; ksfhda. jydu ia;rd;aulj olajkq we;' ^wka; cd,fha tkka hq;a f,aLkfhka Wmqgd .eksK'& f wkqj f,kska 1917 wfm%a,aj,ska miq iajhx ;SrKhg we;s whs;sh ms<sn| iQ;%h w;yer oeud hhs lSu wmQjckl fkdjkafka o@ f fha lD;s lsj,g lsj hq;af;a l=ula o@ frhka ish lD;sfhka bm;a l< u;jdofha w.;s.d;ajh bka fufyhjkq ,enQ cfm wkd: Ndjh iska u f jkg ikd: lr ;sf' hqojdofha" mgq cd;sljdofha yd mx;s iyfhda.s;djdofha `.| wjhla lrd mshjfrka mshjr cfm .ukalr we;af;a frhkaf.a f oDIajdoS fufyhu yd u. fmkau ksid i kj ,snr,ajdofha w.;Skag hgu ksid fkdjk nj b;du;au meye,s h' OfkaYajr md,lhka W;=f fou< mS; cd;sh uokh lrka o ol=fKa mS; mx;sh uxuq,d lrka o is W;aikak foaYmd,k wjhl wjYH;djh jQfha ,dxlSh iudcjd ma,jh i|yd jQ uQf,damdh ;=<g fou< mS; ck;d wr.,h taldnoaO lrkakdjQ bjis,su;a .=ld,Sk jevms<sfj,ls' tjeks jevms<sfj,la iys; m<,a ck;d jHdmdrhls' is jQfha tjeks uyck jHdmrhl fldgialrejka h yels m%.;sYS,S yd jdujdoS fldgia fdaySka fia i,ld urd oeu ke;sk we;e fldgia md,lhkaf.a ;=re,g ;,alr oeu h' bka isjQfha md,lhkaf.a oE;a Yla;su;a lsu h' cfm f.dv ke.+ foaYfm%a ck;d jHdmdrh m%.;sYS,S nqoau;=ka rys; tfukau oelafuka fmdfydi;a ke;s mqoa.,sl ,dN m%fhdack i|yd uq,a;ek ka wjr.kfha ck msila Wrd .kafka f ksid h' tjeks ;;a;ajhla hgf;a jqj o 89

ueo jk g fm%auodi wdKavqj yd cfm lrg lr tka rf oa;aj n,hl ,laIK fmkakq l< nj ienE h' iuyrgl mx;ska w;r wr.,fha w;s W;aikak fudfydf;a oa;aj n,hla m%ldYu ish yels fohls' kuq;a tfia jQ muKska wr.,hl wruqKq yd m%Iagh idOdrK hhs ks.ukh l< fkdyels h' tjeks oa;aj n,hla lrd cfm <`.d jQfha lreKq ta;a;= .kajka yd ck;dj fmd<Ujkq ,efuka fkdj ;%ia;jdoh fhdod .kska hg m;a lrkq ,efuka h' fufia yrfhka ma,h fkdjQ oa;aj n,hla lrd wr.,h wehdfuka ;Dma;shg m;a cfm ;j ;j;a ;%ia;jdoh fj;u we,S isfha h' 71 ikakoaO wr.,hl w;aoelS ,enQ jir y;l jf.a ld,hla isrf.or wOHhkfhka" idlPdfjka yd ixjdofhka oekqu fmdfydi;a lr.;a kdhlhka yd l%shdldlhka is cfm- kQ;k fnd,afIla mlaIfha - f wka;jd l%shdld;ajh fhduqj we;af;a udlaia lshQ" miq ld,fha m%isoaO fldj, frhka mqkrePdrKh l< is is jkafka m%:u jr fo cklhla f,isks" fofjks jr ydiH cklhla f,isks hkak fj; h" tfiau jeo.;a lreK k f ish,a, fufia isjkafka 76 muK isrf.j,a ;=< lshjkakg ,enqK 78 uqKoajdrfhka msgjQ iy ck wr., jHdmdrh iska uE;l kej; uqKh lr m%ldYhg m;a lrkq ,en we;s frhkaf.a wjia:djdoh o cd;Hka;rjdoh o@ k lD;sh ;=<ska mx;s iyfhda.s;djdohg tfrys ksOk mx;s cd;Hka;rjdoh Tijd ;nd wjqre iaj,amhlg miqj u h' Tyqf.a tu lD;sh Tyqf.au B<d wr.,hg iu l=ula o@ hk lD;shg m%;sreoaOj is' th frhkag tfrysj frhkau fmkS isuls' f. .sh wjqre 25 ld,h mqrd cfm iDcqj fhdod .;a foaYfm%a igkamdGh tys wdrNfha isgu mej; wdjls' cfm foaYmd,k jHdmdrhla jYfhka Wm; ,nkafka u foaYfm%auh wd;au lr .;a jHdmdrhla jYfhks' th wduka;%Kh lf<a foaYfm%a ck;djg h' tod YsIH fmruqK foaYfm%a YsIH fmruqK h' NslaIq fmruqK foaYfm%a NslaIq fmruqK h' tys iEu igka mdGhlau mdfya foaYfma% igka mdG - ksoiqka f,i uu ke;ak urKh" wrdcHjdkaf.a ;=jlal= yd nhsfk;a;= ;=<ska furgg meKs md,sfka;= l%uh" /kf.a wdKavqj" frdaudkq ,kafoais kS;sh f rf foaYfm%akaf.a ;=jlal= yd nhsfk;a;= ;=<ska m,jd ykq we;' h' frdayK fr foaYfm%a fr h' thg foaYfm%a kka mqj;a m;la o h' tod frdayK fr foaYfm%auh .%y lf<a fufia h' wrdcHjdofhka" merKs yd kj hg;a ;jdofhka neg lk ish u iudc mx;Skaf.a wrdcHjd i;=rkag tfrysj mj;sk jefvk mx;s ffjrh tlg tl;=lr .;a l, foaYfma%uhhs' foaY fm%auh - ta ;uhs wrdcH frda wr.,fha mx;s ffjrh' wrdcH frda hq.fha udlaia f,kskajdhd ienE foaY fm%afhls' ^1970 wf.daia;= 03 foaYfm%a m;%fha m<jq frf.a WoaOD;hls' Wmqgd .ekSu lS;s nd,iQh - cfm foaYmd,kh yd mx;s iajNdjh 114 msgqj& tfy;a ;uka kQ;k fnda,afIlhka hhs kdulrKh lr.;a fl ld,fha frhkaf.a wjia:djdoh o cd;Hka;rjdoh o@ hk lD;sfhka o 71 wfm%a,a foi iajhx fpkd;aul f,i wdmiq ye n,uq hk ,she,af,ka o foaYfm%auh OfkaYajr ixl,amhlehs o th wjia:djdohg mdr lmkafka hhs o imqrd bj; ,Sh' 71 wfm%a,a foi iajhx fpkd;aul f,i wdmiq ye n,uq hk ,she,af,ys tx.,aiaf.ka miq f,dal fldhqksia jHdmdrh moafoau f,kskaf.ka miq f,dal fldhqksia jHdmdrfha ld, mfh o ykajd kafka mx;s igk fjkqjg mx;s iyfhda.s;dj wdfoaY lrka" cd;Hka;rjdoh

fjkqjg mgq cd;sljdoh" foaYfm%auh wdfoaY lrka udlaiajd ma,h b.eka neyer lrka ;snqKq

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foaYfm%auh idfmalaI ixl,amhls' tys me;s folla wvx.= h' tlla k hful= lsish rgla ;u ud;DN+h f,i ms<s.ekSf bka m%ldYjkafka tu rg yd we;s Tyqf.a$wehf.a iudh neu h' NdIdj" wd.u" ck j.h yd tys is;a ;a iu. Tyqf.a$wehf.a we;s neu h' fojekak k fjk;a rgla yd tjeks neula ke;s nj bka ta iu.u m%ldYu h' tk ta fjk;a rf NdIdj" wd.u" ck j.h yd tys is;a ;a iu. Tyqf.a$ wehf.a fkdmEySu h' f wkqj ka fmkakq lrkafka hfula uug ke;sk mS;DN+hg ne iskafka tys iudch yd ;uka w;r iu njla Tyqg$wehg ye`.S hk ksid nj h' wfklla yd fkdneug fya;=j th Iu hehs yef`.k ksid h' ka .uH flfrk jeo.;a lreK k h ksYa; foaYhlg fYaI neula jQ foaYfm%auh fmd ck;dj ;=< f.dv kef.kafka .= ld,hla mqrd f,dalfha rgj,a w;r iudh Iu;djhka mej;Sf M,hla ksid h hkak h' tfiau wd.u" NdIdj yd is;a ;a ft;sydislj ksYa; ck j.hla yd ne mej;Su ksid foaYfm%auh ;=< j.jd yd mgq cd;sljd m%jk;djhla o wvx.=j mj;sk nj wu;l fkdl< hq;= h' Okm;s mx;sh yd iq Okm;s mx;sh foaYfma%a jk g ;shla jYfhka mok jkafka fuu m%jk;djh u; hs' rgla idudkH ;;a;ajhka hgf;a mj;sk g ksdYS,Sj mj;sk foaYfm%auh fjk;a rgla iska lrkq ,nk n,mE fyda wdl%uKhkag m%;sfrdaOhla jYfhka Woamkh fjhs' f wkqj foaYfma%uh f,dalfha iudc Iu;djhka yd iDcqj inkaOj mj;sk ixl,amhla nj meye,s h' f,dalfha iudc Iu;djhka mj;skqfha h ;dla l,a o ta;dla foaYfm%auh ixl,amh fmd ck {dkfhys wjHdcj uq,a nei.;a fldgila f,i il%Shj mj;skq we;' f,dal mudKj iudc Iu;djhka wfydaisug iudkqmd;slj foaYfm%auh yelS,S hk w;r ta m%udKhg foaY iSud wNsnjk neu tk cd;Hka;rjdoh ,sh, hs' fldhqksiajdyq iDcqj cd;Hka;rjdoh fjkqfjka fmkS isk w;r by;lS w:fhka foaYfm%aufha ft;sydisl jeo.;alu m%;slafIam fkdlr;s' foaYfma%uh yd inkaO wfkla jeo.;a lreKla o we;' foaYfm%auh ixialD;sl uQ,hka u; mok jk nj wms oekgu;a i|yka lr we;af;uq' ixialD;sh o uQ,sl jYfhka wdl fldkafoais ke;sk ksIamdok inkaO;d u.ska ;SrKh flfrhs' tg fjkiajk wdl fldkafoais iu. ixialD;sfha o ta iu. foaYfma% ixl,amfha o iajrEmh fjkiafjhs' Okjdofha ixjOkfha uq,a wjfha fj<| NdKav ksIamdokfha mQK jHdma;sh i|yd ish w;ska ksnd; foaYSh fj<| fmd<la w;HjYH h' ta i|yd foaYmd,k tlai;anj" ffk;sl tlai;anj" NdIdf ixjOkh wdh ;yjqre lr .; hq;= h' tu wjfha cd;sljdofha - cd;sl jHmdrhkaf.a wka;.;h jQfha th hs' tys ma,h .=Khla wvx.= jQ fyhska m%.;sYS,S h' fj<| fmd< mQK;ajh kd.;a cd;Ska ;j ;j;a uqiqfuka m%d.aOkh cd;Hka;rlrKh ;su;a ta wkqj cd;Hka;r llre mx;shla ysj ;su;a tfiau ma,h Okm;s m%cd;ka;%jd jHdmr fkdue;su;a Okjdofha kQ;k wjfha ,laIKh hs' fmd ;;a;ajh fufia jqj;a cd;sl ixjOkfha f.h wkqj rgj,aj, ;;a;ajh fYaIfhka fmr hg;a ;hkaj mej;s rgj, ;;a;ajh fjkiah yels h' tjeks rgj, bgq l< hq;=j we;s m%cd;ka;%jd ldhhka ;ju;a mj;S' wrdcHjdohg tfrysj hg;a ;j, ck;dj lrf.k .sh ksoyia wr., jHdmdrhka ;=< th m%.;sYS,S ldh Ndrhla bgq lf<a h' f,dalh wo >Dcq hg;a cs;uh wjh miqlr we;s kuq;a f.da,Sh Okjdofha iDcq fyda jl% wdl%uKsl m%;sm;a;Ska wo;a l%shd;aul fjka mj;S' brdlh" wema.ksia:dkh" ,shdj ;=< isjkafka thu h' fyg brdkh tys w;au f.dr h yels h' k.ak hg;a cs; iajrEmfhka fjkia jqj;a cd;Ska fj; n,y;aldrh mEulska f;drj cd;Ska hgm;a

lr .ekSulska f;drj Okjdohg mej;sh fkdyels h' ta ;dla rg cd;sl ma,h jHdmdrj, meje;au o j,x.= fjhs' tfia kuq;a cd;Hka;r m%d.aOkh iu. foaYSh Okm;skag we;s neu ksid Tjqkaf.a uey;afuka yq m%;sixialrKjd jHdhduhka i jHdc jd.a ix.%duhka i ienE cd;sl jHdmdrhka mej;Sf yelshdj wju h' tu l;jHh bgq lsf j.lSu mejfrkafka o ksOk mx;s jHdmdrh fj; h' h rgla OfkaYajr ixjOk wjh miqlr iudcjd ixjOk wjh fj; m%fYjQ miq ft;sydisl m%jk;djhg wkqj tu rg ;=< cd;sljdohg fyda cd;sl jHdmdrhkag fyda ;jrg;a j,x.=Ndjhla fkdmj;S' tfia jqj o rg ;=< ;ju;a fkdkeiS mj;sk yd ndysrj m%n,j mj;sk OfkaYajr f;rmqu h;d:hlaj mj;S' ta fya;=fjka jd.sl wd.l yd is;a ;a wdfha w.;s.d Ndjfhka hqla;jQ iudcjd ixialD;sh yd nek kuq;a ksYa; rgla iSudlr.;a ye`.S iuqodhla mek ke.Su o h:d:hls' fuys foaYfm%a wka;.;hla we;af;a h' tfy;a NdIduh jYfhka flfia yekajqj;a fuu ye`.S iuqodh yrfhka ;j rg;a bmerKs foaYfm%auh fkdj cd;Hka;rjdoh foaYSh yevrejlska m%ldYuls' by; lreKq u.ska fmkakq lrkafka foaYfm%auh hk ixl,amh .= ld,hla mqrd iudh jYfhka fjkia rgj,a mej;Su ksid iudc ixjOkfha O wj yryd fjkia yevhka .kska mej; tk ye`.S iuqPhla nj h' Bg fjkia f,i cd;sljdoh k ixl,amh OfkaYajr iudc ixjOk wjh ksfhdackh lrk ixl,amhla nj;a ta ksidu th mx;suh yevhla .kakd nj;a oelsh yels h' tfia jqj o wrdcH frda wr.,fha cd;sljdoh yd foaYfm%auh tlsfkl fj,S mj;sk whqre o oelsh yels h' f ksid lsish rgl udlaiajdoSkag ish cd;sl foaYmd,k jevms<sfj, ilia lsf fuu ixl,amhkaf.a ft;sydisl iajNdjh ie,ls,a,g fkdf.k ish fkdyels h' tfy;a tfia lsf lsisfia;au cd;Hka;rjdofhka m,a, neiSula is fjkakg ners h' cd;Hka;rjdohg by<ska foaYfma%uh ;nkjd hkq OfkaYajr cd;sljdoh fj;g" foaYfm%aufha mgq cd;sljdoS wka;.;h fj;g .uka lrkjd hkq h' nyq jd.sl iudchl foaYfm%auh ksYa; ck j.hla muKla wdjrKh lsug fhdod .ekSu Okm;s m%;sm;a;shls' jvd;au iq Okm;s mx;sh tjeks m%;sm;a;shl we,S isug f,d,a njla olajhs' tg fiiq ck lKavdh Bg m%;sfrdaOh olajkafka fndfyda g ;ukaf.a foaYfm%aufha cd;sjd wka;h ;=<g jeo .ekSfuks' ;;a;ajhka jvd;a ;Sj% jk g tu m%jk;d tlsfklg mi;=re n,f.hka njg m;afjhs' tajd wLKav jd.sl fyda wd.l .egq lrd jOkh hd yels h' mgq cd;sljdoh fyj;a cd;sjdoh fyda w.jdoh lrd mj;kh h yels ffki.sl .=Khla foaYfma%uh ;=< wka;.;jk nj ka meye,sfjhs' cmdkh jeks imQKfhkau jdf.a tla ckj.hla iys; rgj, cd;sljdoh yd foaYfm%auh tlg fj,S mej;Sf t;r .egjla mek fkdk.sk kuq;a nyq jd.sl yd nyq wd.l iudchla iys; rgj, f,kska fmkakd fok wkaoug iEu Okm;s mx;shlau ;ukaf.au cd;shg jrm%ido kd .ekSug ork jEhu ksid ixlSK .eg ksudKh lrhs' tk cd;sl jOkh mud lrkakdjQ jd.sl fyda wd.l wka;jd .egqj,ska tu rg mSvdjg m;a lrhs' uE; b;sydifhys ,xldj inkaOfhka .;a l, hg;a ; ;;a;ajhla fkdjqK o bkahdf n,y;ald yuqod uey;au u.ska ,xldf foaYmd,kfha ixlSK ;;ajhla ksudKh l< nj meye,s h' tjeks wjhl m%;sfrdaOl jHdmdrhla f.dv ke.Sf ;=kajk cd;Hka;rfha fojk if,khg

f,kskaf.a kdhl;ajfhka cd;sl yd hg;a ; m%Yak ms<sn| fldiu iska bm;alr we;s jd;dj u.ska fldhqksiajdka f.a Wmdh ud.h ms<sn| meye,s u. fmkaula ,nd .kakg mqjk' tu m%jdo wkqj f,kska fmkajd fok m" mS; rgj, Okm;s mx;sh cd;sl jHdmdrhkag wOdr fok w;ru mSvl wrdcHjd Okm;s mx;sh iu. imQK iyfhda.fhka l%shdlrhs' Tjqyq cd;sl jHmdrh m%;sixialrKjd jHdmdrhl ;;a;ajhl msysgqug yels yeu W;aidyhlau or;s' ishu ma,jjd jHdmdrhkag tfrysj wrdcHjdka iu. fm<.efi;s' fuu lreK m%;slafIam l< fkdyels f,iska fldif Tmamq we;' ^1920 ;r wE; ld,hl ;;a;ajh tn k ish cd;Ska kso f.dia we;s j;auka f.da,Sh Okjd wjfha cd;sl Okm;s mx;sfha ;;a;ajh fln h yels o@& f wkqj mS; rgj, Okm;s m%cd;ka;%jd jHdmdrh hk fhu u.ska m%;sixialrKjd jHmdrhla w`.jk neka tu fhu neyer lr cd;sl ma,h jHdmdrh hkak Nd; l< hq;= hehs fhdackd lrhs' mS; rgj, uqla;s jHdmdr ma,jjd jk l, muKla iy mS; ck;dj ma,h j .=Khlska ixOdkh lsug fldhqksiajdkag tu jHdmdr ndOd fkdlrk l, muKla tajdg wdOdr l< hq;= h' fuu m%jdo ms<sn| f,kska jerg;a lrk meye,s lsj, cd;sl ma,h jHdmdrh ;=< udlaiajdka wkq.ukh l< hq;= uQ,sl m%;sm;a;s folla ykd.; yels h' 1' tu rg ;=< isk ish cd;Skag wh;a llrejka tlai;a lsu' 2' cd;Ska w;r ishu wiudk;djhka jrm%ido yd iqfYaIS;djhka wfydais lsu' tla w;lska by; lS m<uqjk m%;sm;a;sh u.ska fldkafoais rys;j ksOk mx;s wruqKq m%uqLia:dkfha ;nd we;s nj;a wfkla w;g fojk m%;sm;a;sh u.ska cd;Ska w;r inkaOfha mok h hq;af;a l=uk m%;sm;a;shla u; o hkak meye,sj olajd we;s nj;a iqmeye,s h' cd;Ska w;r iudk;ajh b,a,d isfuka woyia jkafka lsish cd;shl wd.u" NdIdj fyda fjk;a lreKla iqfYaIS ie,ls,a,g" wkq.%yhg Ndckh fkdl< hq;= h hkak h' tmuKla fkdj ta ta cd;Ska f.a wkkH;djh o ta yd neKq Tjqkaf.a wNs,dIhka o .re fldg ie,lSu ke;sk ms<s.ekSu bka m%ldY fjhs' cd;sjdoh fyda wd.jdoh fyda fjk;a m%d:l wka;jdohla lrd fhduqh yels iyc ,laIKfhka fy foaYfm%auh tjeks wka;hka lrd fhduqu j<lajka wrdcHjd wjh ;=< th Bg tfrysj fhdod .ekSf udlaiajd wfmdayl l%uh bka ukdj meye,s flfrhs' fuh Okm;s mx;sh bhg ouk foaYfm%aufha igka mdGhg jvd yrfhka fjkia jQjla nj wjOdrKh lruq' ienE cd;sl hqoaOhl mS;D N+h wdrlaId lsu hk jpk jxpdjla fkdf' wms Bg reoaO fkdfjuq' hs f,kska mejiS h' ^f,kska" tla l< lD;s 23 fju 31 msgqj& fou< cd;sl wr.,h wrdcHjdkaf.a l=uka;%Kld fnjd wr.,hla f,i yqqjd olajka 1985 isg cfm je<|.;a foaYfm%a oDIah yd ta wkqj wkq.ukh l< l%shdud. mlaId l< hq;af;a by;lS f,kskajd ia:djrh u; msysgd nj wfma jegySu h' cfm ;u ks.ukh lrd meK we;af;a fufia h'

1' rcfha wOHdmk yd NdId m%;sm;a;ska u.ska lrk ,o fjkiafldg ie,lSf h h lreKq yereKq fldg fou< cd;sl m%Yakhg wdluh mokula ke;' n,hg m;a isxy, mlaIjd wdKavq ixjOk l%shdj,sfha fiiq m%foaYj,g idfmalaIj fou< ck;dj j;ajk m%foaY fkd;ld yer ;su Tjqka oelafla OfkaYajr ixjOkfha fmd iajNdjhlajQ wiudk ixjOkfha m%;sM,hla f,i muKs' .myg idfmalaIj ls,sfkdh jf.au fudkrd.,;a fkdhqKq h' bka tyd fohla tys ke;e hs cfm kdhlhka lgmdvfuka fuka lSug mqrej ishy' ta yer isxy, nyq;rh u;u msysgd wdKavq f.dvk.d .ekSug bv y< Bkshd m%cd;ka;%jdoh iska fou< cd;sl foaYmd,k n,f.hka ksis f.!rjdka; mokulska cd;sl foaYmd,khg Wrd.ekSu fjkqjg ksrka;rj neyerlsu;a ta fya;=fjka ixjOkfha m%;s,dN tu m%foaYj,g .,d fkdhdu;a ksid fmd OfkaYajr wiudk ixjOkh mfilska fYaIs; wdl wvq hqKqnjlska o Tjqka fm<k ,o nj cfm ms<s fkd.kS' fuu oelau yd fou<u ksid Tjqkag we;s fYaI m%Yakh l=ula o hk isxy, fn!oAO mgq cd;sljdka wik m%Yakh w;r uQ,sl fjkila ke;' 2' .= ld,Skj fjkiafldg i,lkq ,eug m%;sl%sh d jYfhka wdluh idOlhka w;sl%uKh lrka l=.ekafjk ,o cd;sl wNs,dIhkaf.ka cd;sl wr.,hl oDIauh moku ilia h yels h' rcfha NdId yd wOHdmk m%;sm;a;s fou< ck m%cdjf.a wdl moku ;j;a j, l<d muKla fkdj tajd Tjqkaf.a ixialD;shg tfrys wdl%uK o h' fu u.ska we;s flfrk ye`.S fou< wr., jHdmdrhlg hqla;siy.; oDIauh mokula iemhSh hkak ryila fkdf' tfy;a cfm fuu ;;a;ajh .%y lrkafka yq ft;sydisl j.jd fnula f,i h' t;ekska fkdkej;S rgj,a len,slr oef wrdcHjd n,f.j, Wjukd bgq lsula f,i h' cd;Hka;r n,f.hka Tjq ka f .a Wjukdjka g wkq l +, j kEu rgl kEu foa Ymd,k m%Y a k hla l<ukdlrKh lrkakg ;e;a lsu idudkH fohls' tfy;a tfia jQ muKska iuia;h wrdcHjd l=uka;%K f,i i,ld neyer l< fkdyels h' 3' B<`.g cfm f;au wrdcH frda foaYfm% wr.,hls' wrdcH frda wr.,h yryd iudcjd ma,jh hs' zzta jf.au wmg ma,jh i|yd iu;lr.;a Wmdh ud.hla ;sfhkjd' tal ;uhs cd;sl uqla;s wr.,h u.ska iudcjdoh' ta cd;sl uqla;s wr.,h j;udkhg .e,fmk kj mkakfha wr.,hla njg wms ms<s wrf.k ;sfhkjd' ,aka is,ajd - l,a,sjdoh .ek foaYmd,ksl lshula - kshuqjd m%ldYkh ms' 55 foaYfm%a wr.,hla hhs lshd ish o wk;=rej bhg wefok cfm Wmdh ud. yd Nd;h ;=kajk cd;Hka;rfha cd;sl yd hg;a ; fldiu bm;a l< cd;sl ma,h jHdmdrhl m%;sm;a;s yd Wmdh ud.hkag uqukskau mgyeks h' th uish hq;af;a yqfola cfm m%ldYs; igka mdG ;=<u fkdj tys Nd;h o ;=< h' m%ldYs;j k cfm fou< ck;dj iudk;ajfhka ms<s.;af;a h' kuq;a Nd;fha th isfha tys mriamr me;af;a h' 83 miq foaYfm%a wr.,h hehs Tjqka ykajd.;a uQ,sl

Wmdh ud.hg cfm m%fY jkafkau fou< cd;sl m%Yakh ms<sn|j wdrNfha isgu .= ld,hla mqrd tys me<mhka ;snQ kHdhsl yd Nd; jer f.dkakl f;rmqu hgf;a h' tys wdrNfha isgu cfm W;=r kef.kysr yd lrg fou< ck;dj kd .ekSu" wOHdmkh u yd ixOdkh lsu imqrd w;yer oeuqjd muKla fkdj tfia lsu ;=< tys w{dksl isxy, cd;sjd keUqrejla o mej;sKs' ta ksid 83 Bkshd foaYfm% m%fYh yqfola ;;a;ajhkag wkqj wyUq yev .eiSula f,i W!kkh l< fkdyels h' cfm foaYfm%a jHdmdrfha b,lalh jqfha ljryq o@ Tjqkag wkqj fnjdoh ksfhdackh l< t,aBh" thg wkq.%y olajk bkahdj" wrdcHjd n,f.hka" Tjqka wkq.ukh l< fwd wdKavqj yd fou< ckhdf.a cd;sl wr.,fha idOdrK;ajh wju jYfhka fyda gq n,f. hk tajd h' fou< ckhdf.a iuyr b,a,S foi cfm nef lmam yd jrodk b,a, Sula f,i h' fmd fou< cd;sl wr.,fha ft;sydisl jOkh neyer lrka th j.jdohlg" fnjdohlg" t,aBfha ;%ia;jdohlg ,>q lsf isjkafka fmd fou< mS; cd;sl wr., jHdmdrhu m%;sm dlaIsl ;ekl isgqu h' f je/oao .= jeros ud.hlg m%fYhla jQfha h' fou< cd;sl jHdmdrh m%;smlaIh jkjd;a iu.u th m<,a cd;sl ma,h jHdmdrfhka neyer flfrhs' tg u;=jk jeo.;a m%Yakh k cfm bhg ouk foaYfm%auh ksfhdackh lrkafka rf l=uk mdYjh o hkak h' fuys f,kska lshk m wjqre ish oyia .Kkla ;siafia uq,anei.;a ye`.S ;snqKq B<`. mdYjh jQfha iajhxju nyq;r isxy, fn!oaO m%cdj h' ta wkqj tu foaYfm%aufhka mqnqjkq ,enqfha tu isxy, fn!oaOhkau h' tfia jQ iekska cd;sl ma,h jHdmdrhl yrh uqukska fjkia th isxy, fn!oaO cd;sl jHdmdrhla njg m;afjhs' is jQfha o thu h' cfm i{dkslj tjeks ;;a;ajhla wruqKq fkdl<d h yels h' ulaksido wr.,h jHdma; fjoa foaYfm%a ck;d jHmdrhg tlajQ msia yer cfm fndfyda l%shdld fldgia wm okakd ;rka isxy, fn!oaO oDIajdka fkdjQ neks' kuq;a meye,s udlaiajd oDIahla fkdjQfhka Tjqyq fmrlS isxy, fn!oaO n,f.fha wd.ukh Woaodufhka ms<s.;ay' m%;sM,h k cfm u.fmkafuka yd fufyhfuka isxy, fn!oaO m%cdj wduka;%Kh flfrk foaYfm%a ck;d jHdmdrh lr<shg msiSu h' 88- 89 ld, mfoh ;=< tu jHdmdrh ls%hdjg ke.=f o fou< cd;sjd ;%ia;jd ixOdkhla f,i cfm u ykajd ka t,aBfha l%ufohka i cd;sl ma,h jHdmdrhl l%ufohka fkdjk nj wuq;=fjka lsj hq;= fkdf' cfm B<`. mshjr jQfha cd;sl tlai;a uqla;s fmruqKla f.dvke.Su h' f i|yd lreKq 49 lska hq;a jevms<sfj,la bm;a lrka ta jgd cd;sl uqla;s n,f.hka f.dkq lsug m%h;ak oeh' jeo.;a lreK k Tjqka b,lal lr.;a n,f.hka w;r Y%S,ksmh m%Odk n,f.hla fia ie,lSu h' f jHdc ;lafiarej w;sYh jer tlla nj je l,a fkdf.diau Tmamq h' b;d oqj,j is Y%s,ksmfha tlu wNsm%dh jQfha t<fUk ckdm;sjrKfha Y%S,ksmh ch.%yKh lru h' ta yer mlaIhla f,i lsis wdldrhl cd;sl uqla;s wNs,dIhla Bg fkdh' cd;sl Okm;s mx;shg wrdcHjdka iu. we;s lsagq inkaO;djh ksidu cd;sl yd hg;a ; m%Yak ms<sn| fldiu bfha m%;slafIam l< fkdyels f,i Tmamq ;snQ m Tjqka yqfolau m%;sixialrKjd mx;shla njg m;aj ;snQ nj cfmg wu;l h' udlaia f,kskajdohg fjgq ouka hkak W;aidy lrk cfmys f .uka ,dYfhka kej; kej;;a fmkakq lrkafka th tys ish Wmdhhkaj, bka ;eka m%dfhda.sljd we;s nju h'

wms fmr i|yka l< m nyq jd.sl iudchl tu iudcfhau tla mS; ck j.hla foi" Tjqkaf.a wr.,h foi uy cd;sh u; mokjQ foaYmd,k jHdmdrhla foaYfm%aufha weiska n,kafka k tu uy cd;sh ;=< f.dv kef.kafka foaYfma%uh fkdj cd;sl iafjda;a;ujdoh hs' mgq cd;sljdoh fyj;a cd;sjdoh hs' cfm yd miq .sh ld,fha il%Sh jQ isxy, fn!oaO n,f.h w;r mej;sfha o ;ju;a mj;skqfha o tjeks inkaO;djhls' fou< cd;sl m%Yakh h;d:hla f,i ms<s.kska t,aB ;%ia;jdoh uq,alr lr .;a foaYmd,kh fy<sor lr th foaYmd,kslj mrdchg m;a lsug lghq;= lrka o ta w;ru fou< cd;sl Wjukdjkag wjHdc f,i wduka;%Kh lrka o Tjqkaf.a wr.,h ish cd;Skag wh;a llrejka yd fiiq mS; mx;skaf.a OfkaYajr frda fmd wr.,h ;=<g ix.; lr.; hq;=j ;sKs' th .= ld,hla .kakdjQ;a mD:q, w;aoelS yd oe bjiSu wjYHjQ;a ldhhls' cfmg b;sydih mqrdu;a fkdmsysfha o tu ma,h .=Khu h' we;a;jYfhka k rf tjeks idudl yelshdjla ;snQ m%n,;u jdujd mlaIh cfm jqj;a tys ksudlaiajd oelau iska u. mdok ,oafoa tu yelshdj wksh f,i OfkaYajrh ish oyia .=Khlska Yla;su;a lsug h' cd;sl uqla;sfha igka mdGh hgf;a cfm iNd. foaYmd,khg wr wekafoa wm uq,ska o fmkajd ka m pkasld iy uyskao iu. iNd.hka f.dv ke.Sug fmrd;=j 88 ;r wE;l isudfjda nKavdrkdhl iu. h' miqj is jQfha tu l,,h pkasld yd uyskao yryd fhla njg m;au h' pkaasld iu. ikaOdkhlg hkakg fmr cfm kdhl;ajh cd;sl ksoyi o jy,aNdjh o ud;Dldj ^wfma u;lfha yehg& hgf;a foaYk ud,djla mj;ajka rg mqrd .sfha h' fuh cfm l%shdldkaf.a ufkdaNdjh fjkia jQ ;;a;ajhkag ^md,sfka;=jd foaYmd,khg& .e,fmk fia kej; w;ajehd lsuls' bfha is h yels kj wdldrhl mx;s iyfhda.s;djhla ms<sn| we`.uls' h yels tu cd;sl jHdmdrfha yevrej tod ,aka we| fmkajQfha wfmdayl ;lkhg wkQl+,hehs ta;a;= hk m cfm;a fkdjk Y%s,ksmh;a fkdjk fjk;a fohla f,i h' T th tlai;a ck;d ksoyia ikaOdkh k h' tod l< fuu foaYkfha oDIauh moku 88 wr.,fha oDIauh moku u h' tys kj ixialrKhla u h' jerg;a meye,s lf<d;a th frhkaf.a fou< B<d wr.,hg iu l=ulao@ ;=<ska W;amkak jQ oDIahu h' tfia k ck wr., jHdmdrh olskjdg jvd wE;lg cfm mx;s iyfhda.s;djdoh - wjia:djdoh- uq,a jd we;s nj ksiel h' tu uQ,hka kj ,snr,ajd Okjdoh fyda tys m%fhdacH;djdoh lrd we we;a k ta mqreoafoa n,h ksidu muKs' foaYfm%auh" ;%ia;jdoh" jev jck le|u" YsIH wr., h;a lsu" tlai;a fmruqKq f.dv ke.Su" ckdm;sjrKh yd ue;sjrK jckh lsu we;= 88-89 cfm wkq.ukh l< jHdl+, jQ o mriamrjQ o iuia; l%shdld;ajh ;=< .e jQ tla m%Odk lreKla we;af;a h' th k l=uk l%uhlska fyda blaukska n,hg tau h' tod is l=uk w;lg yrjd fmr<d nej;a fmfkkak we;s m%Odk foh n,h yUd hdu h' tu n,h Tjqkaf.au w: l;kh wkqj iudcjdoh hs' th wr.,h ;=< iDcqj m%ldY fkdflreK o ienE cfm l%shdldka fj; mlaIh iska wjOdrKh lrk ,oafoa th hs' mlaI l%shdldkaf.a tu ufkdaNdjh ksid Tjqyq mlaIh .kakd ishu l%shdud.hka idOdrKh hhs tl fy<d ms<s.;ay' tajd lemfuka hq;=j l%shd;aul l<y' 89 wr.,h ;=< fldfy;au fkd;snQ jdujd iajrEmhla 71 wr.,h ;=< ;snqK o tu wr.,fha yrh o thu h' jHdl+, u;sudka;r yd l%shdld;ajhkaf.ka .yk jqj o iudcjdoh i|yd n,h ,nd .ekSu tys tlu wruqK h' wr., fofla iajrEmhka w;r fjki k fou< cd;sl m%Yakfha jOkSh wjh iska 89 wr.,h fjkia iajrEmhla .kajd ;suh' kuq;a 71

wr.,fhka w;aoelS ,enqjd hhs fudfyd;lgj;a is;kakg ne ;r w;sYh jHdl+,jQ;a wka;jd jQ;a l%%shd ms<sfj;a f;au lrd kdhl;ajh .uka lf<a blauka n,h ,nd .ekSula ms<sn|j mej;s w wNs,dIh ksid h' fuu w wNs,dIh fkdjkakg we;e g cfmg hg;a msfihska 71 w;aoelS we;sj bhg hkakg wjldY ;snqKs' tfy;a th 87-89 ld,mfofha foaYmd,k ls%hdl;ajhg t<fUkafka ta w;aoelS lsisjla fkd;ld h' fuu fkd;ld yeu 88-89 uyd NSIKhla iu. w;sk;a .;a fojdplhlg th uqyqK ug fya;= jQ tla ;SrKd;aul ldrKhla fkdjQfha o@ wvq jYfhka fuu uyd fojdplfhka miqjj;a cfm tys w;a oelS ms<sn| h:d:j;a .%yhlg t<fha o@ 88- 89 uyd NSIK iufhaoS h;ka ;h frd.;a cfm l%shdldlhka 90 isg kej;;a ;ekska ;ek is is idudlhska f.dkq lrka mlaIh f.dv ke.Sug l%shd l< wkaou wms olsuq' tfy;a tys 71 ka miq moafokau cfm wjxlju 83 mgka 88 -89 uyd NSIKfhka fl<jr jQ ld, mfofhys is jQ foa .eUqfrka uYkh lsug o iajlSh jer iajhx fpkd;aulj oelSug o fhduq o@ ienkau 71g idfmalaIj 88-89 ler,s .id ke.S isu ;=<ska cfmg uqyqK ug isj ;snQ ;;a;ajh lsysm .=Khlska NSIKld h' 71 f,hska yd WKavfhka uev,kq ,enqj o frhka we;= cfm kdhlhska je fofkl=g ysr f.j, fyda t,sfha uokh hgf;a fyda j;=ka w;r ish yels h' tfy;a 88 -89 ;=< fidaujxY wurisxy yer cfmg b;sjQ kdhlfhl= ke;s ;r h' b;s jQ fldgiaj,g is jQfha fndfyda rg mej;s ;;a;ajhka yuqf is mokj,u isgu cfm h<s f.dv ke.Sug m%h;ak oeu h' tfy;a tald.% ;ekl isg fkdf' ful, cfm h<s f.dv ke.Sug l%shdld jq m%Odk oDYHudk uOHia:dk y;rla h' j;aj is yd w;a wvx.=jg m;a fkd is cfm iri YsIH ls%hdldka yd ys;j;=ka O YsIH ixOdk yryd iri ;=< ls%hd;aul u tl W;aidyhls' isr f.j,a yd /|jq l|jqre ;j;a uOHia:dk ula h' fuys nQiai /|jq l|jqr lemS fmfka' f;jekak jQfha foaY.; cfm ls%hdldka h' is jekak 1992 ckjd 26 isg m%ldYhg m;a yd 1993 uehs 19 k l;D uKav,h bj;a jk f;la jQ ,laj mqj;a m; yd miqj tlS l;D uKav,h iska wdrN l< ysre hk mqj;a m;a flakaSh lr .;a udOH lafIa;%h hs' ysre f.dv ke.Sug cfm fYaIj is yeu fldgila u mdfya odhljQ nj oelsh yels h' ta iu.u

fuu uOHia:dkhkaa tlg hd l< ie,lsh hq;= n,mEulska hq;a ls%hdld;ajhla o miqfuys h'
cfm h<s f.dv ke.Sug ork ,o m%h;akh ;=< 83 - 89 ls%hd ud.h yd ls%hdld;ajh inkaOfhka >Dcq fpkd;aul m%fYhla fkd.;a; o cfm iri YsIH ls%hdld;ajh fj;ska udlaiajdoh yd fou< cd;sl wr.,h ms<sn|j kj l;sldjla wdrN u iajhx fpkd;aul m%fYhlg uq, msreula n h' fuu jljdkqf iudch wrd ch.%dySj ;snQ k,ska o is,aj,d pmsl,d muKla fkdj cfm iska o mK fmdjk ,o mgq cd;sljd u;jdohg tfrysj wdpdh l%undyq lreKdr;ak yd ' wkad jekakka mjd ixjdo fld fj;g f.k taug th fhduq h' ysre mqj;a m; o fujka m%fYhlg fhduq h' 1994 cfm ks, jYfhka m%isoaO foaYmd,khg tk;=re cfm fkdks, m%ldYlhd jQfha ysre h' YsIH jHdmdrh ;=< o ysre mqj;am; ;=< o m%ldYhg m;a jQ fuu fhduqj cfm fhduqj o njg m;a fjkakg mgka f.k ;snqKs' th 1994 uy ue;sjrKh i|yd YS% ,xld m%.;sYS,S fmruqK yd tlaj cfm f.dv k.k ,o cd;sh .,jd .ekSf jev ms<sfj, ;=<ska o m%ldYhg m;a h' f jev ms<sfj, we;=<;a fmd;a msxfpys fufia i|yka fjhs'

f l,lkaks hqoaOh ksid isxy," fou<" uqia,s fmd ckhdf.a ; oi oyia .Kkska rgg

wys Wkd' cd;sl Okh flda .Kkska kdY Wkd' cd;sl iu.sh kdY Wkd' l;d lrk NdId jev lrk ck;dj fn fjka hk bug f.k we;a rf ixjOkh k;r l<d' cd;Hka;r jYfhka YS% ,xldf m%;srEmh kdY l<d' f hqoaOh wo wjYH ;sfnkafka cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r m%;s.d;ajhg;a hqo w cdjdrldrhskag;a fldia ldlalkag;a muKhs' isxy," fou<" uqia,s ck;djg fkdjhs' wfma rgg;a ck;djg;a oeka iduh wjYH hs' iduh ke;s ;ek cd;sl iu.shla .ek j;a cd;sl iu.sh ke;s ;ek ixjOkhla .ek j;a ys;kakj;a neye' ta ksidu iduh Wod lr .ekSu fudfyd;lska j;a l,a odkak neye' ta Wk;a iduh f.!rjdka; iduhla h hq; = hs' f hqoaOh wjika h hq;af;a mrd;fhla ke;sjhs"

cfm cd;sl uqla;s wr.,h yryd iudcjdoh f.dv ke.Su yd fnjdoh mrdch lsu hk tys merKs m%;sm;a;sh fjkqjg 94 ue;sjrKfha fuf,i udOHl m%;sm;a;shlg o bka miq iudcjd iudchla f.dv ke.Su yd ta hgf;a cd;sl m%Yakh if ;j;a wdka;sl m%;sm;a;shlg o udre h' zzt;fldg iudcjdoh f.dvk.k ;=re n,df.k bkak o Tn,d lshkafka" Bg fuyd tal i|kak foaYmd,k iula jf.a fohla we;af;u keoao @ZZ fujeks m%Yak mqj;a m;a iuqL idlPd yd rEmjdyskS ixjdo uKavmj, Tjqka fj; ksrka;rfhka t,a,jkq wms oel we;af;uq' flfia jqj o fuu fhduqjg tfrys ta ;=<u u;jdohla f.dv kef.kag h' pkasld l=udr;=x. rch fou< cd;sl m%Yakhg foaYmd,k iula fifuys,d uq, msu;a iu. cfm fuu fhduqfjka f.fhka le fjka h' foaYmd,k iula i|yd md,lhka h m%h;akhla lrd h fhduq ula
.;a gl tajdfha wjxlNdjh m%Yak lrkjd fjkqjg tajd rg fnf m%h;akhka f,i yqjd olajka tajdg tfrysj cfm kej;;a m%n,j ke.S isfha mgq cd;sljd n,f. iu. tl fm<g isg .ksks' tf,i cfm iyY%h g msiqfKa u fulS ft;sydisl ;lkfha m%;sM,hla jYfhka cd;sjdoh" hqojdoh yd mx;s iyfhda.s;djdoh wdfhka ixhqla; k.ak wjia:djdoh iajlSh foaYmd,kh ;=< wvx.= fldgf.k h'

w;sYfhdala;s ma,jjd;ajh yd ksOk mx;s ma,jh

cfm f ;;a;ajhg m;aug n,mE tla fya;=jla f,i ie,lsh yelafla ma,h blaukaldlu iska n,f. lkka talrdYS lr.ekSug fm<u h' f blaukald fm<Uqu w;sYfhdala;s ma,jjd;ajh f,i yekah yels h' w;sYfhdala;s ma,jjd;ajhg ma,jh i|yd ;;a;ajhka fudard ;sfnkjdo keoao hkak t;r jeo.;a fkdf' tfiau ksjer m%;sm;a;s yd ls%hdud. u; msysgd ls%hd lsu o t;r jeo.;a fkdf' jeo.;a jkafka m%udKj;a hhs th is;k ugug n,f. f.dv k.d .ekSu h' n,f. kd .ekSu i|yd myiq ud. fiu o tajd u; mok u o Bg ksjer m%;sm ;a;s u; msysgd iskjdg jvd jeo.;a h'

ienE ma,jjdhdg we;s Yd,;u iy iuyrg tlu wk;=r jkqfha ma,jjd l%u fhda.Hjk iy tajd id:l f,i jHjdydrhg fhh yels iSudjka iy fldkafoais fkdi,ld yk w;sYfhdala;s ma,jjd;ajh hs' hkqfjka f,kska mjik foh fuys wmf.a isyshg kef.a' f,kska imQK lD;s 33 fju" 112 msg" m%. ;s m%ldYlfhda" fudial f,kska fmkajd ka m ma,jh fmdf<dj u; mq,a ck;djf.a l%sh dld;ajhlehs fkd;ld th lsish jHuh ;,hlg by< oud ta yd wkqrd.fhka yeisu w;sYfhdala;s ma,jjd;ajfha ,laIKh hs' tfia jQ g ma,h l%u yd ;;a;ajhka ksjer f,i ;lafiarelr .ekSug wjYH ikaiqkanj yd l,amkd Yla;sh ke;sj f.dia uxuq,d fjhs' ye`.S nrulska f;drj cfmys iuia; b;sydihg t n,kafka k f,kska olajk w;sYfhdala;s ma,jjd;ajh tys .eUqrgu ldje we;s whqre;a ta ksidu cfm;a ta iu.u uE; jdu jHdmdrhu;a wk;=rg ,la we;s whqre;a f;are .; yels h' m<uqj wm mslaiSug W;aiql h hq;af;a cfm tu Nd;h hs' Bg u. fmkajq tys kHdhsl lafIa;%h hs' f yer kj ,snr,ajdoh fyda ;sh yels ;j;a fndfyda fya;+ka fyda uish hq;af;a oa;Shsl jYfhks' oekgu;a wms ljqre;a okakd lreKq wkqj iy frhka o Tyqf.a wjia:djdoho ksOk mx;s

cd;Hka;rjdoho@ hk fmdf;ys o i|yka lrk m cfm .NdIh jqfha wjia:djdohg f.dre

fuka oe f,i msySug m;aj ;snQ merKs jdudxYsl jHmdrh hs' tu wjia:djdohg tfrysj ma,h udj; lrd jQ cfm m%fYh w.h l< hq;a;ls' kuq;a tfia ma,h udj;g wj;SK jQ muKska th uq tlla jYfhka ksjer hhs woyia fkdf' ula ksid o we;a;jYfhka k tu m%fYfha wka;.;h jqfhaa ma,jh ms<sn| udlaia f,kskajd oelau fkdj f,kska lshk w;sYfhdala;s ma,jjd;ajh jk ksid h' f fol w;r tk ksOk mx;s ma,jd;ajh yd w;sYfhdala;s ma,jjd;ajh w;r ne ne,aug fmfkk iudk;ajhla o .eUqka neg muKla fmfkk oe mriamr;djhla o we;' f ksidu tajd fjkafldg ykd .ekSu t;ru myiq fkdf' flfkl=g cfm ksis f,i f;are .ekSu wmyiq lrjkafka o tys jQ fuu jHdl+,;ajh u hs' mx;Ska yd mx;s igka .ek uq,ska u l;d lf<a iudc b;sydih .ek .fIKfha fhkq udlaiag fmr is we;e b;sydi{fhda h' tjeksjQ wr.,hkaf.a l+gm%dma;sh f,i isjQ iudc ma,jhka .ek o Tjqka l;d lr we;' mdie,a wOHdmkfha kQ;k f,dal b;sydih Ihhla f,i yeoErE kEu wfhla m%xY ma,jh" b;d,s ma,jh" cuka ma,jh" iamd[a[ ma,jh wdh .ek lshjd we;' fjd udlaia lshQ foaj,a fkdf' kuq;a mx;s wr., yd ma,j ms<sn| kHdfhys ma,jhla is lf<a udlaia h' th udlaiaf.a u jpkj,ska fufia h' ud .ek lsh f;d;a kk iudcfha mx;s fyda tajd w;r wr.,h mj;sk nj fidhd .ekSu .ek ug ,eh hq;= f.!rjhla fkdue;s nj fuys,d i|yka lr' ug fndfyda l,lg fmr Okm;s b;sydi{hska fuu mx;s wr.,fha ft;sydisl ixjOh;a Okm;s w: Ydia;%{hska fuu mx;sj, wdl jHqyh;a ia;r lr ;snqKs' ud l< w;a foh jQfha fuu lreKq Tmamq lsu h' 01 mx;s meje;au ne mj;skafka ksIamdokfhys ixjOkfha fYaI ft;sydisl mfo yd iu. muKls' 02 mx;s wr.,h wjYHfhkau ksOk mx;s wd{dodhl;ajh we;s lsug fhduqjkafkah'

03 fuu wd{dodhl;ajh o ishu mx;s wfydais lsu olajd iy mx;s rys; iudchla olajd mj;kh fuka muKla ixhqla; jQjls' fulS meye,s lsu mx;s wr.,fha w;aoelS u; msysgd f,kska jvd;a ia;r iys;j bm;a lrhs' udlaiajdfhla jkafka mx;s wr.,h ms<sn| ms<s.ekSu ksOk mx;s wd{dodhl;ajh ms<s.ekSu olajd jHdma; lrk ;ek;af;a muKls' udlaiajdhd yd idudkH iq ^tfiau f,dl=& Okm;shd w;r b;du;a .eUqre fjki ixhqla; jkafka fuhsks' udlaiajdoh .ek kshu wjfndaOh yd ms<s.ekSu mlaId lsug Wmfhda.S lr.; hq;= Wr., fuh hs' f,kska - rdcHh yd ma,jh" f;dard.;a lD;s fj fod<y 6" 40 msg f,kskaf.a .%yh wkqj h wfhla fyda ixOdkhla udlaiajd o keoao hkak ;SrKh jkqfha Tyq $weh fyda tu ixOdkh mx;s wr.,h ksOk mx;s wd{dodhl;ajh we;s lsu lrd fhduq we;ehs hkak ms<s.ekSu fyda fkdms<s.ekSu u; h' ta jf.au udlaiajdhd yd iq Okm;sh d w;r b;du;a

.eUqre fjki o thskau kSKh flfrhs '

f wkqj mx;s wr.,h ks Ok mx;s wd{dodhl;ajh lrd jHdma;u ms< s. ekSu udlaiajdohg wkkHjQ tys ,laIHhla nj ms<s. ; hq;= h' tu ,laIHfhka neyerjQ laIKfhka udlaiajdofha wka l=uk wxf.damdx.hla ms<s. ;a; o fya udlaiajdfhla fkdj udlaiajd jpk yrUhl fhfokafkl= muKla njg" iq Okm;s oDIajdfhl= muKla njg m;a fjhs'ld,a fl!ials m%uqL hqfrdamSh iudcjdka fndfyduhla fokd m%;sixialrKjdohg mx;s" iyfhda.s;djdohg weo jeu oe uYkhg ,la lrka yd tys Tjqka ys;du;d u. ye fyda lD;s l< by; i|yka udlaiajdofha jeo.;a ;SrKd;aul ixl,amh f,kska ish rdcHh yd ma,jh lD;sh mqrd by<ska Tijd ;nhs' tu.ska udlaiajdoh yd iq OfkaYajr wjia:djdoh w;r ishq fn fLdj ykd .ekSug msgqjy,la imhhs' <`.g mx;s wr.,h wjYHfhkau ksOk mx;s wd{dodhla;jh we;s lsu lrd fhduq jkafka hhs udlaiajdoh lshkg bka woyia jkafka Okjdoh ;=< mx;s wr.,fha jOkfha m%jk;dj fhduqj we;s Ydk;sh hs' m%udKd;aulj jOkh jkakdjQ mx;s wr.,fha m%;sM,hla jYfhka OfkaYajr w{dodhl;ajh tk OfkaYajr rdcHh wfydaislr ta fjkqjg .=Kd;aulj fjkia ksOk mx;s wd{dodhl;ajhla - llrejkaf.a yd mS;hskaf.a rdcHhla f.dv ke.Su lrd Ydk;s we;s nj hs' OfkaYajr w{dodhl;ajh wfydais lsu yd ksOk mx;s wd{dodhl;ajh f.dv ke.Su hk ixlSKjQ iuia; l%shdj,sfhka ksOk mx;s ma,jh ixhqla; fjhs' hfula ksOk mx;s ma,jh ms< s.ekSu u.ska lrkafka by; lS uq ixhqla; l%shdj,shu ms<s.ekSu h' ksOk mx;s ma,jh ms<sn| fmd kHdhsl meye<s lsu tfia jqj o ta ufkdaNdjh u; muKla msysgd id:l lr.; yels ma,jhla ke;' tfia jqj o reishdf wm ,;a > fokd iys; iy f,hska f;;ajqKq w;aoelSfuka wm Wf.k f.k ;sfnkafka ma,jjd ufkdaNdjh muKla mok lrf.k ma,jjd Wml%u f.dv ke.sh fkdyels nj h' Wml%u mok l< hq;af;a lsish rdcHhl ^iy ta jgd we;s rdcHhkaf.a;a f,dalfha ishu

rdcHhkaf.a;a& mx;s n,f.hka ish ,a,u fukau ma,jjd jHdmdrj, w;aoelS o .ek l;d lrk

{dkdka; iy ;rfha jdia;ljQ w.ehSula u; h'

f,kska - jdudxYsl fldhqksiajdoh <ore j,smamqjls' f;dard.;a lD';s fj 12 isxy, 10 fju msgqj179 fuhg wjYHfhkau tl;= h hq;= ;j;a ldrKhla fjhs' tk ma,jh i|yd ;;a;ajhka folla tk IhuQ, yd ufkdauQ, fldkafoais imQK ;sh hq;= nj h' iudc ma,jhla hkq ma,h mlaIhl wNs,dIh" wjYH;dj yd yqfola Wmdh Wml%u u; we;s jkakla fkdf' ta i|yd mlaIhl wNs,dIhg yd wjYH;djg mska wdlfha yd foaYmd,kfha we;sjk fjkial fya;= fldg f.k mek k.sk Ihuq, ;;a;ajhkaf.a o i{dklj f.dv k.k ufkdauQ, ;;a;ajhkaf.a o mK; ula wjYH h' tfia mK; jQ IhuQ, yd ufkdauQ, fldkafoais wmg fufia ixlaIsma; l< yels h' IhuQ, fldkafoais ( md,l mx;Skag Tjqkaf.a md,kh lsis fjkila fkdlr mj;ajd f.k hEu Ialrjk Tjqka w;r tla wdldrhl fyda ;j;a wdldrhl fyda wnqohla mS; mx;Skaf.a mqmqrd hdug wdikakj ;sfnk wi;=g yd fldamh ;=<ska fnula we;s lrk md,l mx;Skaf.a m%;sm;a;sfha wnqohla yd my< mx;Skag muKla fkdj by< mx;Skag o merKs l%uhg j;a ug fkdyels ;;a;ajhla mS; mx;Skaf.a mSvdjka yd jqjukdjka idudkH ;;a;ajhg jvd ;shqKq wkaoka jevqKq ;;a;ajhla yd tksid Tjqkag merKs l%uh ;=< ;jrg;a j;a ug fkdyels ;;a;ajhla fjdfha m%;sM,hla f,i ck;d ls%hdld;ajh ie,lsh hq;= ;r by< ugulg jevqKq ;;a;ajhla fuu fldkafoais iems ;snqK muKska o ma,jhla is l< fkdyels h' ufkdauQ, fldkafoais wjYH muKg uqyql=rd f.dia fkd;sf k ma,jh ch.%yKfhka fkdj mrdcfhka fl<jr u ia; wyUqjla jqfjd;a i wksjdhhla jkq we;' f,kska fufia mejiSh' iudc yd wdl ixjOkfha .=Kh iska imQK f,i mK; lrkq ,enQ ljr fyda gl ma,jjd mx;Ska ma,jh lsu i|yd iar f,iu Yla;su;a hhs is;Su jeroaola jkq we;' ke;" ukqIH iudch t;r ;dlsl f,i ke;sk fhda.H f,i m%.;sYS,S ;;a;ajhka i|yd ixia:dmkh fkdue;' ma,jh fudard ;sh yels h' tfy;a ksudmlhkaf.a n,uq th bhg f.k hEug fkdiEfyk nj Tmamq l< yels h' ^tla l< lD;s 19 fju 223 msgqj& tf,i IhuQ, ;;a;ajhkaf.a uqyql=rd hdu;a iu. tlg ufkdauQ, ;;a;ajhka o uqyql=rd hdu ma,jfha ch.%yKh w;HjYH fldkafoaishla f' ufkdauQ, fldkafoais ( mS; mx;Ska w;r ma,h msu yd wr.,h tys wjidkh olajdu f.k hEug Tjqkaf.a we;s iQodku yd wIaGdkh by< ;,hlg jevqKq ;;a;ajhla ma,jfha ish n,f. tal rdYS lrk wr.,fha iEfyk w;aoelSula yd mkakrhla o ksjer jevms<sfj,la yd ls%hdud.hla o ksjer uQf,damdhla yd Wml%uj,ska o hq;a ma,h ixOdkhla fyda mlaIhla we;s ;;a;ajhka yd tjeks ixOdkhla fyda mlaIhla u.ska ck;djg fokq ,nk wIaGdk iy.; kdhl;ajhla mj;sk ;;a;ajhla' f,kska f ;;a;ajhka ixlaIsma; lrka ;jrg;a fufia fmkajd kafka h'

le/,a,la id:lu i|yd 01 th l=uka;%Khla u; fkdj mlaIh u; fkdj jvd;a hqKq mx;sh u; mok h hq;= h' 02 ck;djf.a ma,jjd W;aikaksh u; Yajdih ;eh hq;= h' 03 ck;djf.a hqKqu fldgiaj, l%shdld;ajh by<u ugfuys mj;sk yd i;=re msia yd j, ;=re msia w;r jefkk iqNdjh n,j;aj mj;sk ;;a;ajhla mej;sh hq;= h' b;ska cfm f w;s uQ,sl jeo.;alula .kakd ldrKd inkaOfhka gqf yd ls%hd lf<a flfia o@ wms oeka fulS lreKq uid n,uq' 01 cfm ksOk mx;s ma,jh ms<sn| fmd wjfndaOfhka Tng f.dia tys ixhqla; ixlSK l%shdj,sh mq,a wre;ska wjfndaO lrf.k ;snqfKa o @ 02 ish ma,h Wmdh Wml%u ilia lr .ekSf ,xldf yd f,dalfha mx;s n,f.hka yd ma,jjd jHdmdrj, w;aoelS inkaOfhka {dkdka; yd ;rfha jdia;l jQ w.h lsula lf<a o@ 03 th ish ma,h Wmdh Wml%u ma,jfha IhuQ, yd ufkdauQ, ;;a;ajhkaf.a uqyql=rd hdu u; mokj Nd;hg ke.=f o@ ksOk mx;s ma,jh ms<sn| tod cfm wjfndaOh w;sYh ir, Wka m,af,ka jQ tlla h' Okm;s mx;s wd{dodhl;ajh wfydaislr ksOk mx;s wd{dodhl;ajh f.dv ke.Su k mq,a yd iuia; l%shdj,sh yd tu l%shdj,sfhau tla by< whrhla jQ ler<s .id ke.S isu tlla fkdj tlsfklg inkaO jQ wjia:d folla h hkak f;are .ekSug tlaflda th wfmdfydi;a h' ke;fyd;a n,h ,nd .ekSu lrdjQ w wNs,dIh fya;=fjka ler<s .id ke.S isug th ;ukaj iSud lr .;af;a h' llre yd mS; mx;sfha fkdhqKq ia:rhka mx;s {dkfhka i n, .ekau" tu fldgiaj,g kdhl;ajh u" ixOdkh lsu yd tu fldgiaj, fldkafoais rys; iyfhda.h mlaIhg ,nd .ekSu iy;sl lsrSu i|yd ffOfhka" wIaGdkfhka" lemfuka yd oe khlska hq;=j mlaIh f.dv ke.Su uQ,sl w;HjYH fldkafoaishls' f i|yd .= ld,hla .kakd w;r kdhl;ajh ukd bjiSulska o mx;s wr.,fha nyqO w;aoelSj,ska o fmdfydi;a h hq;= h' tfy;a cfm lf<a ish wdOqksl;ajh oyd mdka yd w;sYfhdala;s ma,jjd;ajh u; mok fjka ma,jh hhs th w: .kajd f.k is ls%hdj i|yd jvd .e,fma hhs th is;+ fldgia f.dv ke.Sfuys o ikakoaOj n,h w,a,d .ekSu i|yd tu msaia iqodk lsfuys o kshe,Su h' wms fndfyda fokd o tod cfm ls%hdldka jYfhka fuu ls%hdj,sfhys ftkash fldgia lrefjda uq' wm l;d lrkafka ldg o wmg mQK Yajdih ;eh yelafla lsk wh flfrys o hkak .ek oek .ekSfuys iu;a ienE fldhqksia mlaIhla ksudKh lsu wfma m<uq wjh h' mlaI ixOdkh ;=< ma,jh i|yd iQodku fojeks wjh h' f,kska" imQK lD;s 44 fju" ms 23-33 cfm fuu f,kskajd u. fmkau fkdi,ld yer we;' th llrejka we;= mS; mx;sfha nyq;rhla flfrys n,mE iys; ;;a;ajhla yslr .ekSug iu;a fldhqksia mlaIh f.dv ke.Sf fjfyilr m%h ;akh w;yer oe h' merKs ju llre mx;s jHdmdrh l=rej,a lr we;ehs lshd llre

mx;s h w;r jev ls u fkdi,ld ye w;r j;= lrfha fou< llrejka f;dKav uka, df.a " b,kaf,shka,df.a n,mEug k;=j bkah jHdma;jdofha f.dre njg m;aj we;ehs o ma,jfhka miq w 3000 ka by< llrfha f;a j;= jid fidaod mdj kdh hd ;=rka lsu i|yd o wdl ixjOkfha fjk;a wjYH;d i|yd o jk llrfha le,E jef iudcjd ixjOkfha flakaSh jev ms<sfj<g Tjqka reoaO fjkq we;ehs o lshd Tjqka w;r jev fkdlsu o idOdrKh lf<a h' we;a;jYfhkau m%d:l wjfha m%uqLia:dkh h hq;=j ;snqfKa ikakoaOug fkdj llre mx;sh yd fiiq mS; ckhd w;r wOHdmk yd ixOdkd;aul jev lrk w;ru llre jHdmdrh ;=< merKs jf wjia:djdohg tfrysj jD; wdldrfha wr.,hla lr f.k hdug h' tjeks jHdmdrhla llre mx;sh we;= mS; ck;djf.a {dkh by< ;,hlg /f.k tk w;r tu.ska fldhqksia mlaIhla f.dv ke.Sug wjYH c o ksmojhs' kuq;a cfm oDIajdoh;a bka fufyhjQ ixOdk m%jk;dj;a u.ska fmkakq lf<a Bg yd;amiskau fjkia fohls' th lf<a yq ikakoaO ke.sula i|yd n,f. f.dv ke.Sug flakaSh wjOdkh fhduq lsu h' udlaiajdoh wkqj b;d mq,a w:hla .;a ma,jh fjkqjg yq ikakoaO ke.Sula wdfoaY lsu yd Bg W; ,sg iajrEmfha ixOdk jHqyhla f.dv ke.Su tys m%Odk yd tlu jevms<sfj, h' f ,shk wm iuyfrla o we;=j Tjqka ffOhfhka" lemfuka yd wIaGdkfhka ixOdkh f.dv ke.Sug l%shd l< nj i;Hhls' kuq;a ta ish,a, fhduqj ;snqfKa ke.S isulg wjYH tlu Wmdh ud.h id:l lr .ekSu i|yd i mq,A jYfhka llre mx;sh m%uqL mS; ck;dj ixOdkh lsu i|yd fkdf' 1976 muK cfm ,xld fldhqksia mlaIh -fnd,afIla ia:dms; lroa lshd isfha fldhqksia mlaIh i|yd wjYH flavrh f jkg cfm iska f.dv k.d we;s nj;a ta ksidu mlaI mdie,la f,i cfm ft;sydisl ldhNdrh wjikalr we;s nj;a h' tfia k 71 wr.,h h;a lr we;af;a ma,jhla i|yd wjYHfhkau fudard ;sh hq;= Ih uQ, ;;a;ajhka fudard fkd;sh muKla fkdj fldhqksia mlaIh f.dv ke.Sug mQj wjhl tk ufkdauQ, ;;a;ajhka mjd imQK fkdue;s wjhl h' th i;Hhls' kuq;a cfm kdhl;ajh tu i;Hh lg mdvka oek ish o ksis f,i .%yKh lr .;af;aj;a ;ukag th ksis f,i .%yKh lr .ekSug fkdyels jQ nj lsisg ms<s.;af;aj;a ke;' fuf,i udlai ajdofha jeo.;a yd ;SrKd;aul jQ ksOk mx;s ma,jh ms< sn| ixl,am h mq,a wre;ska yd ienE f,iska jgyd .ekSug;a ta wkqj Wmdh ud. ilialr .ekSug;a tod cfm wiu;a u ksid tys wdrNl moku ;=< u ;sh qKq jrhla ksudKh lr.kS' tu jrh ykdf.k Bg ms< sh fhug cfm kdhl;ajh lsis kl W;aiql jQfha ke;' tfia W;aiql fkdjQjd muKla fkdf' ta fjkqfjka cfm ;=< ls%h dld jQjkag fdaySka f,i f.k ix.%y lrkq ,eK' fuhska .uH jQfha foaYmd,k jYfhka muKla fkdj oDIauh jYfhka o iq OfkaYajr wjia:djdoh tys wdrNfha isgu mj;skafkah hkak hs' ma,jjdfhl=u iy iudcjdohg fyda fldhqksiajdohg fmdf mlaImd;u muKla m%udKj;a fkdf' uq uy;a oje, w,a,d .ekSu i|yd;a iy B<`. mqrelg mj;kh ug iar f,i iQodku i|yd;a ojef,a ksh; mqrel ksh; fj,df fidhd f.k uquy;a Yla;sh fhdod th w,a,d .ekSug flfkl=g mqjka h hq;= h' f,kska" imQK lD;s fju" ms 221-229

uquy;a oje, w,a,d .ekSug;a ksh; mqrel ksh; f,djg fidhd f.k uquy;a Yla;sh fhdod th w,a,d .ekSug;a fkdyelsj cfm kej; kej;;a ,siaid weo jefgkafka tys jQ f iqOfkaYajr oDIajdoh iska wjYH ma,h wjfndaOh yd bjiSu ,nd .ekSf ux wyqrk ksid h' B<`.g wruqK ler,s .id ke.Sisula k ta i|yd fyda wjYHfhka ;sh hQ;= wdl" iudc yd foaYmd,k ;;a;ajhka ms<sn|j cfm ie,ls,a,la oela o@ 71 jkg ler,s .id ke.S isf cfm wruqK yd tys ls%hd ud.h iskau th f.k;a ;snQ ;;a;ajh yer by; lsis fldkafoaishla fkdmej;s nj wms oksuq' Y%S,ksm-iuiudc-fldm iu.s fmruqK 2$3 l n,hla iys;j n,hg meK jirlaj;a .;j fkd;sK' we;a;gu th jev wrUkakg iQodk jkakg mgka .;a;d muKs' ck;djf.ka fndfyda fofkl=g th tf;l=;a ;ukaf.au wdKavqj h' w;ka m;r iajd mlaIhg tfrys jev jck mek ke.=Kd i wdKavqjg tfrys foaYmd,k jev jck wy,lj;a fkd h' uokh o iuia;hla jYfhka ck;djg t,a,jQjla fkdh' cfm f.dre is ma,h w;sYfhdala;sjdoh iska th l%shdld;ajhlg weo oud ;snqKs' ,sg Bg wdKavqf m%;spdrh uokh h' ims,dldrj f l%shdj,sh

jOkh jQ w;r wjika m%;sM,h 71 wfm%a,a ke.S isu hs' fufia 71 wfm%a,a ler,s .id ke.S isu w: oelah yelafla flfia o@ ksOk mx;s ma,jh i|yd oerE W;aidyhla f,i o ke;sk ma,jjd w;sYfhdala;sjdohg f.doqreula f,i o@ f,kska f,dal ma,jjdoS jHdmdrh ;=< ma,jh" nyq ck;dj yd mlaIh w;r wfkHdkH inkaOh .ek .eUqkau meye,s l< ta fjkqfjka igka l< kdhlhka w;r b;du;au m%uqLfhla fjhs' fldhqksia cd;Hka;rfha f;jeks iuqjg reishka ksfhda; uKav,h iska bm;alrk ,o Wml%uhka ms<sn| ;Sisiihka u.ska ma,jh i|yd Yd, nyqck iyfhda.hl wjYH;djh .ek wjOdrKh lroa cuka" ia%hka yd b;d,s ksfhda; uKav, Yd, ke;sk nyq;r hkak bj;alsu i|yd ixfYdaOk f.kdf h' Bg tfrysj l;d lrka f,kska lshd isfha l=vd mlaIhla iska ma,jhla wdrNlr ch.%yKh lrd fufyhh yelsh hkak ;uka m%;slafIam fkdlrk kuq;a l=vd jqj o tu mlaIh llre mx;sfha nyq;rh muKla fkdj .%dh jev lrk ck;djf.a nyq;rh o ;u me;a;g kd .ekSu wksjdh lghq;a;la nj h' f,kska fuys ksrfmalaI fyda u;a nyq;rhla .ek woyia fkdlrk nj o wjOdrKh lrhs' merKs jf wjia:djdohg tfrysj cfm ma,h u;jdoh fidhd .ekSf th Tjqkag wdlIKSh w;a fohla h' lshqnka ma,jh yd hkd cd;sl uqla;s ma,h wr.,h jeks c;Hka;r foaYmd,k m%jk;djka iska o Bg Yd, W;af;ackhla ,nd ;snqKs' tjeks gl myiqfjka ma,jjd w;sYfhdala;sjd ufkdaNdjhg hgf Njhla o mj;S' ienkau cfm thg idxisoalju fkdj i{dklju f.dre h' th fkdje<lah yels fhduqj njg m;a jQfha uQ,sl .eg mfilg oud f.j;a ma,h .uKla hdug ish lghq;= fm< .eiau ;=< h'

f,dalfha ma,jjd jHdmdrj, w;aoelS ms<sn| {dkdka;jQ;a ;rfha jdia;ljQ;a we.hSu

meyer yeKs' mx;s mfyama,jfha .; hq;= u kue;s wjidk mx;sfhka yd kHdhsl wOHdmk l|jqrej, ta ms<sn|j ;j rg;a flreKq bm;a lsj, f,dalfha ma,jj, yd ma,jjd jHdmdrj,

w;aoelS idlPd lrk ,o nj we;a; kuq;a thska flrefKa ;uka ta jkg;a ksYaph lrf.k ;snqKq ma,jfha uQf,damdh ikd: lsu i|yd m%udKj;a jk muKg tu w;aoelS w: oelau h' bkakSishdkq fldhqksia mlaIh uokh lsu wjOdrKh lf<a fufya uokhlg uqyqK f wjYH;djh ke;sk cfm ,sg iQodku w;HdjYH fohla nj fmkakSu i|yd h' k ma,jfha uQ, l|jqre Wmdh;a lshqndf l=vd .,a,d lKavdh Wmdh;a f.k yer mEf cfm fl ld,Sk me;sreKq ikakoaO wr., Wmdh ,dxlSh ma,jh .; hq;= tlu ;dlsl u. f,i ;yjqre lsu i|yd h' tfiau w;aoelS inkaO idlPdjka ish,a, tu wr.,j, hqouh me;a;gu fhduqu wyUqjla fkdf' th tys uQf,damdhsl m%fYh ;yjqre lsu i|yd jQ ffki.sl wjYH;djhls' wjYHfhkau l< hq;=j ;snQ tu ma,jjd jHdmdr ;=< fldhqksia mlaI ^reishdf yd kfha& yd ck;d jHdmdrh bgq l< ldhNdrh .ek idlPd jQfhau ke;' lshqndkq ma,jh .ek l;d lf<a .,a,d hqo Wmdh fkd.e,fmk nj lshd mEu i|ydu h' ta yefrkak tu ma,jfha jeo.;a ldh Ndrhla bgq l< uyck l%shdld;ajh .ek wjOdrKhla fkdh' cfm oDIajdoh yd ixOdk l%fudamdhhka fufia yqfola ikakoaO wr.,hlg yd Bg W; ,sg ixOdk jHqyhlg jQ keUqrej u.ska m%;slafIam jQfha ksOk mx;s ma,jh yd fldhqksia mlaIh f.dv ke.Sf wjYH;djh hs' lreKq fufia jqj;a frhka Tyqf.a wm urd oeuqjo wm k.k y`v iod fkdfhkq we; fmdf;a i|yka lrkafka fufia h' zzwms ,exlsjdka fkdjuq hhs f,kska fkdfhla j;dj, ,shd ;sf' m%xY ma,jjdfhl= jQ ,exls ufkdardl fldhqksiajdfhla h' ryis.; ma,jjd lKavdh .Kkdjl kdhl;ajh oerE Tyq l=vd ma,jld lKavdhul iyfhka n,h w,a,d .ekSug ;e;a oerE w;r ma,h wr.,fha nyqck ixOdkj, ;SrKd;aul jev fldgi f;are .ekSug wfmdfydi;a h'ZZ ms' 57 71 wr.,h f,dl= w;=, l,a,sfha l=uka;%Khla h hkq wfm%a,a uy kvqf Tyqf.a ia:djrh h' 71 wfma%a,a foi iajhx fpkd;aul f,i wdmiq ye n,uq hk jHdc iajhx fpkhg wkqj th ck;d uqla;s fmruqK ;=< ish n,h ;yjqre lr .ekSug;a /l .ekSug;a h l+gq l=uka;%Kld wr.,hl fhkq merkakkaf.a ;SrKh wkqj isjQjls' ^25 msgqj& fuhska Tyq fmkaug W;aidy lf<a 71 wr.,h nyqck ixOdkj, ;SrKd;aul jev fldgi m%;slafIam l< ryis.; l=vd l=uka;%Kld lKavdhula iska n,h w,a,d .ekSu i|yd h;a l< ikakoaO l%shdld;ajhla f,i;a" ;uka fmkS isfha nyqck ixOdk iska ;SrKd;aul jevfldgila bgq lrk ma,h wr.,h fjkqfjka nj;a fmkakq lsug h' fuys i;Hh mfilska wi;Hh o m%;sfrdaj ke.S is' l,a,shla ish;a ke;;a tf;la jQ cfm oDIajdofha yd Nd;fha ;dlsl m%;sM,hla jYfhka 71 wr.,h ryis.; l=vd ma,jld lKavdhula iska n,h w,a,d .ekSu i|yd lrk ,o ikakoaO l%shdld;ajhlah hkak imQK i;Hhla jk w;r tu iuia;fha ksud;D Tyqu jk ksid ma,h wr.,fha nyqck ixOdkj, ;SrKd;aul jev fldgi Tyq f;are f.k is nj we`.u imQK wi;Hhls' we;af;kau fjd frhka o we;= wms fndfyda fofkla lg mdvka k oek isfhuq' tfy;a ma,jh lsf blaukald;ajh iska lgmdvka oek is foa wfma wjfndaOfhka ria lrkq ,eh' miq ld,fha fyda tu wjfndaOh ma,h ls%hdld;ajfha i wd;auh lr fkd.;a nj 88-89 w;aoelS iska h<s ikd: lrkq ,nhs' f jeroao m<uqjr wkjfndaOhg ner lrkak mqjk' tfy;a fojk jr;a''' tfia ner l< yels o@ flfia fjd cfm ;ukag tjeks wkjfndaOhla ;snQ nj j;a ms<s .kakg lsis od bm;a fkd h' mlaIh i;=rd bfha mjd wfma jer ie`.h hq;= fkdf' fuhg hjk lsisfjla ma,jjdyq fkdfj;s hkqfjka f,kska lr we;s m%ldYlh fuys h<s wfma isyshg kef.hs'

flfia jqj o miq ld,fha cfm tla w;lska ksOk mx;s ma,jh ms<s.kakd njla fmkakq l< w;ru th mlaIfha wNHka;r idlPdj, idudl;ajh ;=< ;yjqre lsug W;aiy lrk nj o fmkakq lf<a h' tfy;a wfkla w;g th ,xldjg wod< lr .ekSf m%dfhda.sl Nd;fha cfm w;sYhska ufkdardl we;s nj oelsh yels h' ka .uH jkafka ma,jh ms<sn| udlaiajd ixl,amh tys mq,a w:fhka .%yKh lr fkd.ekSu muKla fkdf" ta yd iu. fj,S mj;sk nyq ck;dj yd mlaIh ms<sn| B<`. jeo.;a udlaia-f,kskajd ia:djrfhka o iajhxju neyerfjk nj hs' cfmys fuu wNHka;r ffki.s l m% ; s frda ;djh is ka th tys b;s ydih mq rd tla flda w;s jdujdoh ke;fyd;a olaIsKdxYsljdoh w;r kej; kej;;a foda,kh lrjkq ,nhs' tys ish l%shdld;ajhka jK .eka ;sug uQ,sl fya;=j thu fjhs' kj ,snr,ajdoh fyda fjk;a ndysr idOlhka tu ;;a;ajh W;af;ackh lrkjd h yels kuq;a ;SrKd;aul n,mE idOlhka hhs ie,lsh fkdyels h' wfkla w;g tfia ie,lSug fhduq u ienE ma,h jHdmdrhla f.dv ke.Sug k wjYHfhkau fpkh fldg bj;,sh hq;= cfmys wdrNfha isgu mej; f.k tk yd i{dkl f,iu mj;ajd f.k tkq ,nk nrm;, jer u. yeula o jk nj mejish hq;= h' ienE ma,h jHdmdrhlg ;udf.au jer foi wkqmd rys;j ne,Sf yelshdjla ;sh hq;= h'

cfm ;u jer ykd fkd.ekSu

Okm;s fyda ksOk mx;s mlaI jYfhka fYaI;ajhla ke;sj iudkH rS;shla jYfhkau zzfoaYmd,k mlaI fufyhjkq ,nkafka jeu wldhla n,mEula iy w;aoelSula we;s b;du;a j.lsjhq;= ;k;=rej,g f;dardm;a flreKq iy kdhlhka hkqfjka yekafjk idudlhkaf.ka iuka; ;rula rg ia:djr lKavdh iska nj;a ljqre;a oks;s hs f,kska jdudxYsl fldhqksiajdoh <ore j<smamqjls k lD;sfhys igyka lrhs' m%fhda.slj .;a l, jeu wldhla n,mEula yd w;aoelS ;snQ f,kska we;= ia:djr fnd,afIla kdhl lKavdhula iska fnd,afIla mlaIh fufyh jQfha h hkak i;Hhls' kuq;a Okm;s mlaI kdhl;ajhka fuka fkdj Tjqyq Tjqkaf.a jevigyka yd Wmdh ud.hka inkaOfhka idlPd iNd" iuq" mqj;a m;a yd ,sms f,aLk yryd ksrka;rfhka mlaI idudlhska iu. o fiiq mS; mx;s fldgia iu. o ixjdohl kshef,ka Tjqkaf.a {dkh by< ;,hlg /f.k wdy' tu.ska ma,jh i|yd nyq;r ck;djl f.a oekqj;a iyfhda.h kd .;ay' mlaIhla fufyhjk kdhl;ajh u; tu mlaIfha .uka u. ;SrKh jk nj;a ta wkqj kdhl;ajhg mlaIhl wkd.;h fukau w;S;h inkaOfhka o j.lSula we;s nj;a ka meye,s fjhs' 71 wr.,h inkaOfhka cfm kdhl;ajfha j.lSu fln o@ f,kska lshk hg b wr.,h jvd;a fydka ixOdkh lsu i|yd lrk ,o jerj,ska ksis mdv bf.k .ekSug cfm iu;a o@ ke;fyd;a tajdhska ksis mdv bf.k .ekSug lghq;= l<d o@ we;af;kau cfm ;u jer ksjer lr.ekSu ;nd tajd ykd .ekSu fyda inkaOj m%oYkh lr we;af;a oe iq OfkaYajr uqrKavqNdjhla fkdf o@ f ksidu is jQfha tla je/oaola wfkla B<`. je/oao iu. oje,l mqrela fuka weKS wkjr;j .,d hdu fkdf o@ cfm 71 wr.,hg fmr tys Nd;fha jQ jer fkdgqjd fkdf" tfy;a th lf<a tu jeroao f,dl= w;=,,d msg" ck;d uqla;s fmruqK ;=< ish n,h ;yjqre lr .ekSug;a" /l .ekSug;a h l+gq l=uka;%Kld wr.,hl fhkq merkakka msg mgjd ish w;a fidaod .ekSu h' tfiau wm l< jerj,g iag,ska,d yd u,d o j.W;a;rlrejka f,i ;a;s l+vqjg kxjkq ,eK' tfy;a we;a; jQfha

71 wr.,h frhkaf.a oIauh" foaYmdkuh yd ixOdkuh jerj, fkdje<elah yels m%;sM,h jQfha h hkak h' ukao cfm oDIauh" foaYmdkuh yd ixOdkuh ia:djrhkaa" ls%hdud.hkaa yd l%ufohka wka lsisfjl=f.a fkdj frhkaf.au tajd uhs' 71 wr.,h isrf.j,a ;=< foaYmd,k Wkkajla oelajQ ish fokdf.a idlPdjg nka jQfha h' udlaiajd fmd;m; lshjkakg ,efuka ta wkqidrfhka wr.,h .%ylr .ekSug fndfyda fofkla Wkkajla oela jQy' iEu isrf.hla yd l|jqrla ;=<u mdfya ixOdkd;aulj is cfm mdlaIslhkaf.a ms<s.ekSu jQfha wr.,h uokhg uqyqKug is f wksjdhhla f,i is jQ nj h' fuh uokhg tfrys m%ydrh hkq ma,jh h;a jk fudfyd; f,i wr.,hg fmr isgu cfm oerE u;h wr.,h mrd; ;;a;ajhg m;ajQ miq ixialrKh jQ wkaou h' w' hq' ksYaph fldiu yuqf wr.,h inkaOfhka frhkaa .;a ia:djrh g;a jvd jHdl+, h' Tyqf.a idlaIsfha uq,a Nd.h fjkajQfha rdcH uokh l%udkql+,j fm< .efika wd wdldrh fmkakq lsug h' uokhg uqyqK jia myrf we;s idOdrK;ajh fmkajdu fj; tu lreKq fm<.eiau fhduqj we;' fuu ia:djrh wr.,hg fmr isg oerE ia:djrhu h' kuq;a myru k i;H isu ms<sn| wNsfhda.h uqK.eiqK .i Tyq Bg msgqmi yrjd lshd isfha tal k f,dl= w;=, l,a,sfha l=uka;%Khla nj h' wr.,hg inkaOjQ idudlhka ish fokdf.a yDoidlaIsh lshd iskafka l,a,s lKavdh flfia fj;;a mlaIfha fufyhu hgf;a kqf flfrk m%ydrhlg iQodk fjka is nj;a ta wkqj wfm%a,a 5 fjks k tfia myr ka nj;a h' wr.,fha j.lSu Ndr .ekSu u. yefuka Bg n,mE fya;= idOlhka uiSu o iajhxju neyer flfrhs' kuq;a tys r;ajh wdfrdam Kh lr.ekSug cfm ksrka;rfhka j. n,d.;af;a h' ula ksid o tys meje;aug th w;HjYH fyhsks' fuu jHdl+,;ajh iska .ska .gu 71 wr.,h inkaOfhka mq,a iajhx fpkd;aul .%yhla bm;a lsf ux wyqrk ,oafoa h' f 1974 foien jk g mej;s ;;a;ajh hs' isrf.or mej;s ;;a;ajhka hgf;a iajhx fpkhlg bvla fkdjq njg cfm bm;a lrk ;lhla o fjhs' tfy;a 74 wjidk Nd.fha frhka wjia:djdoho ksOk mx;s cd;Hk;rjdoho@ lD;sh ,shd we;af;a b;d uOkld ;;ajhka

hgf;a;a mx;s i;=rd w;g yiqug fkd;nd Oj< NSIK iuh ;=<h' ^tu lD;sh w;HdjYH yekaula
- ud,sud m%ldYk & cd;Hka;r udlaiajd jHdmdrh fpkhg ,la lsug Oj< NSIK iuh bv kak o ld,Skj w;HdjYHj ;snQ cfm ms<sn| m<,a iajhx fpkhla ,sug frhkag miq ld,fha t< ksoyia mirh o bv fkdue;s nj fuf;la tjekakla fkdue;s fuka fmkS hhs' ta jkg wjia:djdoho ksOk mx;s cd;Hk;rjdoho@ hkak mok lr f.k udjdoh" iag,skajdoh fyda fg%dialsjdoh .ek h ixjdohla mek ke.S ;snqK uq;a th iajhx fpkh i|yd b,a,Su hgm;a lr oud 71 wr.,h inkaOfhka j.lSfuka hdf i{dkl Wml%uhla muKla h' f wkqj 71 wr.,h ms<sn| ksYa; .%yhla fkdue;sju isrf.or wjqre yh yudrl ld,h f. .sfha h'

77 iy 83 w;r cfm foaYmd,kh

w' hq' ksYaph fldIka iNd mk; wfydais lsu;a iu. ta hgf;a o`vqj lrkq ,en is ish fokd 77 fkdjen 2 k ksoyia flreKs' bka miq t<UqfKa cfm fhdaO m%pdrljd wjh hs' tys foaYmd,k wOHdmksl lghq;=j, ksfid,aufka isjQ mj;khla o h' ,dxlSh ma,jh .ek idlPd lsf fl ld,Sk me;sreK ikakoaO wr.,h bj;a flreKs' bkahdkq jHdma;jdoh .ek jQ mx;sh o wfydais h' fuu idlPdj, wka;.;h ms<sn| ld,hla mqrd mek ke. ;snQ ;SrKd;aul m%Yak ixjdohg nka fkdlru lD;%suj bj;a flreKs' tfia lf<a 71 wfm%a,a foi iajhx fpkd;aulj wdmiq ye n,uq kka jQ jHdc iajhx fpk ixlaIsma;hla u.sks' jeroaola .ek l;d flrefKa k th iagd,skajd udjd wjia:djdohg ner flK ka we;a;gu lf<a tf;la me<mh ;snq wjia:djd oDIah" foaYmd,k ls%hdud." uQf,dam dhka yd Wml%u uq,skqmqgd oeu fjkqjg tajd hgm;a lr oeu yd wod< lr .ekSug iqiq wjia:djla t< m<uq mefhau tajd ;j rg;a wjia:djd ixialrKhka iu.ska h<s ;u m%fhdackhg .ekSug me;a;lg lr ;eu h' th tmoafokau is h' f ms<sn| fyd|u WodyrKh k by; oela jQ m cfm ^tjlg ,xld fldhqksia mlaIh - fnd,afIla& ;djld,sl uOHu lgqj .;a ;SrKhla wkqj miqj m%ldYhg m;a l< cd;sl .egj .ek udlaiajd .%yhla kka ,hk,a fndamf.a ,shQ lD;sh ksfYaOlrka 85 fr iska ,shQ fou< B< wr.,hg iu l=ula o@ lD;sfhka kj ikaOdrhlska merKs isxy, iafjda;a;ujd oDIah fmrg .ekSu hs' wjia:djdoho ksOk mx;s cd;Hka;rjdoho@ hkakgu wkqj th meye,sju wjia:djdoh jQ w;r tu wjia:djdoh kj o ,ka yd uy;a jHikhlg u. mdoka kdYld f,i je .sh whqre miqld,fha oelsh yels h' ta iu.u fpkd;aul jgyd .ekSula rys;j w;yer ;snQ fl ld,Sk me;sreK ikakoaO wr.,h fjk;a uqyqKqjrlska 88 h;a lsu o ;j;a jeo.;a WodyrKhls' 78 muK uorisxy we;= y;r fokdf.a l,a,sh ^cfm tu msi yekajQfha tfiah'& mlaIfhka fkrmd oeuqf jf mlaI inkaO mlaIfha ia:djrh jer h" mlaIfha jev ms<sfj< m%;sixialrKjd h" mlaIh ;=< wNHka;r m%cd;ka;%jdohla ke; hk fpk iu. 71 foi iajhx fpkd;aul f,i wdmiq ye n,uq hk ,sh,a, jHdch yd ienE iajhx fpkhla wjYH h hk woyi bm;a lsu ksid h' wm Yajdi lrk hg Tjqka ;=<ska u;= jqfKa cfm ishu l%shdldka ;=< f;rfmka ;snQ n,dfmdfrd;a;=jls' tfy;a th jgyd .kq fjkqjg kdhl;ajh lf<a lKavdhjdoh msg ouka iajhx fpkh hg .eiSu yd iajhx fpkhl wjYH;dj u;= l<jqka lKavdhjdka h" mlaI frdaka h"

Tjqka mlaIh ;=< n,h w,a,kakg l=uka;%Kh lrkjdh hk m%;s fpdaokd f.dkq lrka mlaIfhka
fkrmd oeu h' we;a;jYfhkau fujeks m%jk;d cfm mj;sk ;dla u;=fjkjd we;' ck wr., jHdmdrh jYfhka f.dkq isk n,f.fha w;a oelSu;a h h fjkial we;sj fuhu fkdf o@

79 mlaI iuqj
cfm b;sydifha by<u jOkSh wjh f wjh fjhs' mlaIfha jer wvqmdvql fldmuK jqj;a tajd fkdi,ld jev lsug mlaI idudlhkag ffOh iemhQ tla m%Odk lreKla jQfha ,xld fldhqksia mlaIh - fnd,afIla ms<sn| jQ ye`.Su h' 1979 k .Kkdjla mqrd udrf.d,af,a meje;ajQ tys ux., iuqj tu ye`.Su ;j;a by< oe h' mlaI jevms<sfj,la yd mlaI jHjia:djla tys wkqu; flKs' ta mlaIfha m<uq ,s; jevms<sfj, yd jHjia:dj h' wrdcH frda wr.,h yryd iudcjdoh lrd .uka lsula .ek fyda fl ld,Sk ikakoaO wr.,hla .ek fyda tys lsis ;ekl

jpkhl= i|yka fkdjQ nj wjOdrKh lruq' tys wka;.; jQfha ksOk mx;s rdcH n,h f.dv ke.Su" ma,h udj;" ta i|yd mq,a nyq ck;dj ixOdkh lsu" fldhqksia mlaIh f.dv ke.Su jeks jeo.;a lreKq h' b;sx g;a jvd ;j fudk jevms<sfj,la o@ f ufkdaNdjh fya;=fjka kEu lreKl mlaIh ksjer hhs is;Sug;a w;S; jer fkd;ld yeug;a ish fokd mqre mqyqKq ishy' wk;=rej ia:djr uOHu lgqjla f;dardm;a lr.kska tfy;a tf;la .uka u. ms<sn| lsis miq mrula ke;sju iuqj iudma; h' kHdhslj fyda jevms<sfj, ;=< wvx.= jQ foa Nd;fha fkdue;su;a ienE f,iu Nd;fha jQ foa jevms< sfj, ;=< ska m%ldY fkdu;a hk m%;sfrdaOh iu.ska cfm wiQj oYlhg md ;nkafka ffjjdrKHfhka ieriS kuq;a rd hdug brKfldg .;a wka;.;hla iys;j h' th tfiau h' ue;sjrK ch.%yKhlska fyda ckdm;sjrK ch.%yKhlska wdKavq n,h kd iudcjdoh f.dv ke.sh yels hhs cfm lsisfjla Yajdi fkdl< o ord.; fkdyels ;rug h;a lr ;snQ m%pdrl jHdmdrh fya;=fjka th w{dklju md,sfka;=jdoh ;=< ysrfjka ;sKs' ta inkaO fyd| WodyrKhla k tjlg cfm wkq.ukh l< Wmdh ud.sl jev ms<sfj, hs' tys wxl tl cfm m%Odk jdudxYsl mlaIh njg m;au h' th id:l h' wxl fol cfm Y%S,ksm h wNsneu h' B<`.g@ tcdm wdKavqj meru h' mx;s mj;ajka wkq.dlhka oekqj;a lsf jev ms<sfj,g jvd b,am;% mqrjka ue;sjrK ixOdkj,g idudlhka n|jd .ekSf jevms<sfj, bfhka h' fuh md,sfka;=jdohg jvd jehula fkdjk nj meye,s h' th ma,jjd fkdj m%dfhda.sljdoh hs" iq OfkaYajr wjia:djdoh hs' ma,jh kHdhslj ms<s.ekSu;a ta wkqj m%fhda.sl h;d:h ;=< l%shdud. ieliSu;a w;r Yd, fjkila mj;S' tu fjki wfydais lSfuys wfmdfydi;a fuka ieugu we;s lrkafka m%;sfrdaO;djhls' fkdfi|k wnQohls' cfm inkaOfhka th todg;a jvd wo i;Hhla we;' 83 cqksj, ;ykug fmr wjika jrg ;drkafoKsfha ; rKrf.a ksjfia meje;ajQ uOHu lgq /iau cfmys ;SrKd;aul ixia:dkhla h' mlaIh ;=< fkdkeiS ksoka.;j ;snQ isxy, iafjda;a;ujd ,laIK kej; mK ,nka bhg tkafka fuu uOH lgq /iafuka miq h' W;=f fou< cd;sl jHdmdrh igkald udj;lg msfika ;snqKs' Bg iudkqmd;slj rdcH uokh o h;afjka ;sKs' f uokh fy<d olska cfm fjkqfjka tjlg tys m%Odk f,al ,hk,a fndamf.a iska ks;r ks;r m%ldY ksl=;a lrkakg fhks' fuf,i m%ldY ksl=;a lsug jvd M,odhS foaYmd,k l%shdud.hla .; hq;= hhs Tyq fhdackd lf<a h' f w;r Tyqf.a tjeks tla m%ldYhl fou< ck;dj i;= iajhx ;SrK whs;sh ms<sn| i|ykla h' bfha lrk m%ldY foaYmd,k uKav,fha wkque;sh we;sj muKla l< hq;= hhs frhkaf.a uey;a fuka f.kd woyila foaYmd,k uKv,h iska wkqu; flreKs' oekgu;a cfm ms<s.;a m%;sm;a;shla jQ fou< ck;dj i;= iajhx ;SrK whs;sh ms<sn|j wm%ldYs; fkdtl`.;djhla Tyqg ;s we;s nj ka we`.fjhs' B<`.g fou< cd;sl m%Yakh ms<sn|j idlPd lsug uOH lgq fYaI ieis jdrhla le|ug o ;SrKh h' 83 cqks ui uOHu lgqj /iajkafka ta wkqj h' tys iEu uOHu lgq idudlfhlau ta .ek ;u u;h m%ldY lrkakg h' fou< ck;dj i;= iajhx ;SrK whs;sh ms<s.kska fou< igkald jHdmdrh iu. ixjdohla werh hq;= hehs wjOdrKh l< ,hk,a fndam f.a iy r;akdhl yer mquhlg fuka wka ish fokd ^fr o we;=j& iajhx ;SrK whs;sh ms<s fkd.;ay' uOHu lgq idudlhka iuyfrla iajhx;SrK whs;sh m%;slafIam lsf yeisreKq wdldrh ;=< fmkajQ fnd<|nj wo;a woyd.; fkdyelalls' fujeks jeo.;a m%Yak inkaOfhka ;SrK

.ekSf reishdf fnd,afIla mlaI kdhlhka O fldaKj,ska ,sms ish .Kka ,shka idlPd if,k mj;ajka .= ld,hla .kakd kuq;a wjqre y;la ms< s.;a m%;sm;a;sh neyer lsug cfmg .;jQfha yqfola ojil ;r ld,hla muKs' fuys wfma wjOdrKh iuia;hla jYfhka cfm foaYmd,kfha-kHdhsl yd m%dfhda.sl hk fo;ekays u iq OfkaYajr wjia:djdoS yrh ksudKh lsf tla m%n, idOlhla jkafka tys ma,jh ms<sn| ksudlaiajd jgyd .ekSu yd ta wkqj .kakd m%dfhda. sljd l%shdud. hk tl;=j h hkak h' tf,i cfm m%Odk fldgu kj ,snr,ajdofha w.;Skag hg fuka m%dfhda.sljd l%shdud. yryd wjia:djdohg f.dre we;ehs hk ia:djrh oefuka kj m%jk;djh m%Yakfha .eUqreu yd uQ,sl lreK fkdi,ld yeula m%ldYs; fjhs' tfia cfm jer kj ,snr,ajdofha iSud ;=< fldgq lsug ork m%h;akfhka fmkakq lrkafka w;S; foaYmd,kfha wkqrd.fhka fjka ug tys we;s fkdleue;a; fyda wmyiq;djh hs' Wmka yefha i;a mshq u; weula lsisfjl= n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdh hq;= kuq;a cfm wjia:djdofhka le fjkaug Tjqka oelajQ ffOh w:j;a jkafka m%Yakfha .eUqrg kso hdug Tjqka iu;a jkafka k muKla u nj mejish hq;= h' <`.g tod cfm ma,jfha Wmdh ud.h f,i flld,Sk me;sreKq ikakoaO wr., kHdh mlaIfha ixOdk jHqyh yd ixOdk rgdjg n,md we;s wdldrh;a th fnd,afIlajd fldhqksia mlaIhl tu ;;a;ajhkag m%;sfrda jk wkaou;a ykd .ekSug cfm iu;a o hkak;a uid ne,sh hq;=j we;' Bg wu;rj ,xldf mQj OfkaYajr iudc yd ixialD;sl ,laIK cfm ixOdk yev.eiau flfrys n,md we;s wdldrh ms<sn|j o wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=j we;' flld,Sk me;sreKq ikakoaO wr.,h m%dfhdaa.sl ;,fha wjYHfhkau ryis. ;Ndjh b,a,d is' wdhqO /ia lsu" m%jdykh lsu" mqyqKqu wdh m%isoafha l< fkdyels foaj,a h' th uq,a;ekla .;a g Bg W; ixOdk jHqyhla m%Odk ;ek .ekSu o tksidu fkdje<elah yels h' f,kskajd ma,h mlaIhla ryis.;Ndjh wjYH hehs i,lkafka wdhqO m%Yakhla i,ld fkdf' uokld ;;a;ajhla hgf;a jqj o m%Odk jYfhka ck;dj w;r wOHdmk lghq;=" m%pdrl yd Woaf>daiK lghq;= lrf.k hdf w;HdjYH Wmdh ud.hla f,i h' m%isoaO ke;sk m%pdrl foaYmd,k lghq;= lsula ms<sn| cfm uq,ald,Sk kHdh m;%fhys i|yklaj;a fkdh' w;awvx.=jg .ekSj,ska miq m%pdrhu ksidu miqj m%pdrl lghq;= lsug fm<UqKs' ma,jh mq,a nyq ck l%shdld;ajhlah hk ms<s.ekSu u; msysgd n,kafka k cfm bka fndfyda riaj is' mx;s wr.,h laIKslj ma,jhla olajd jOkh jkafka ke;' th llrejka" f.dka" YsIHhka iy fjk;a mS; mx;sl fldgia w;r nyqO jq yevhka .kska ;Sj% jkakdjQ fhdaO ixlSK l%shdj,shl WP;u m%;sM,h fjhs' ma,h mlaIh ta iEu ;ekaysu mS; mx;Skag wOHdmkh ,ndfoka o ixOdkh lrka o u. fmkajka o fmruqKq n, weKshl ldh Ndrh bgq lrhs' fuh yqfola ryis. ; fyda ikakoaO l%shdld;ajhla fkdf' md,sfka;=f isg wjux.,HdOdr i;sh olajd me;=reKq l%shdld;ajhls' tjeks jQ ixlSK l%shdld;ajhla ms<sn| wjfndaOhla" wjYH;djhla fyda iQodkula cfmg fkdh' 77 ka miq ld,fha l;d l< foaYmd,kh ;=< llrejka" f.dka" YsIHhka

m<,a f,i ixOdkh lsu Tjqkaf.a l%shdld;ajhka taldnoaO l< uyd jHmdrhla iu. ma,h .ukla hdu .ek i|yka jQfha yqfola jpk ud;%fhka muKls' ta ksidu ienE Nd;hg thu ,x.=jla h' miq wjfha fnd,afIla mlaI jHjia:df l=ula i|ykaa jqj;a mlaI wNHka;r lghq;= .,df.k .sfha ,sg jHqyhl iajrEfmhks' by< isg my<g talmdYlj woyia .,df.k hdug iqiq m ixOdk lmdg jD;j ;snqfKa tl Ydjlg muKs' cfm g tfrysj ;l lrkq ksiel h' ixOdkh ;=< woyia bm;a lsf bv lv jD;j ;snqK nj th lshd iskq we;' miq ld,j, tla;rd rlg tjeks ksoyila ;snqK nj we;a;h' tfy;a bosrsm;afjk woyia Wlyd .ekSula k fkdKs' ta yefrkakg tu woyiaj, ie`.jqK wruqKla fidhd .ekSug k oela jQfha wiS; Wkkajls' f ;;a;ajh woyia bm;a lrkakdg mdrdj<,a,lau h' bka ,sg jHqyhl ksi. ,laIKh oyd mdhs' ma,jjd mlaIhl inj / we;af;a tys wNHka;r m%cd;ka;%jdoh yd u;jd wr.,h u; hehs wms Yajdi lruq' mlaI fi!LHh hym;a ugfuka mj;ajd .ekSug k oDIauh wr.,h wLKavj lrf.k hd hq;= h' fldhqksiajdoh imQKfhka .%yKhlr fkd.;a iq OfkaYajr u;jdohka yd Nd;hka iys; iudc fldgia ksrka;rfhka we tau ksid o iudch iu. mj;ajk inkaOdjkays tajdfha n,mEu kdhl;ajfha by<u fY%aKSka ;=<g mjd .,d taf Njhka we;s ksid o ish yels wm.ukhka j,lajd .ekSu i|yd ma,jjd mlaIh ;=< oDIauh wr.,h w;HdjYH fldkafoaishla fjhs' fYaIfhka ,xldj jeks miq.d rgl th jvd;a ksYa; ;;a;ajhla .kS' mlaIfha uQ,sl oelau" m%;sm;a;s" Wmdh Wml%u wdfha isg OfkaYajr m%;sm;a;s" Wmdh Wml%u wh olajd jQ mq,a mrdihla oDIauh wr.,h iska wdjrKh l< hq;= fjhs' is l,a we;sj ykd .ekSu" wfmdaylj wod< lreKq Yaf,aIKh lsu" ks.uk bm;a lsu" tajd ixjdohg Ndckh lsu" fmr<d Nd;hg fhu yd kej; y jer mlaI lsu jeks ixlSK l%shdj,shlska oDIAuh wr.,fha Ys,amSh wxYh ielfihs' jdl fyda ,s; udOHfhka fuh is fjhs' fnd,afIla mlaIfha b;sydih wkqj tu wr.,fha m%Odk kshuqjd we;af;a f,kska h' lufk" nqydka" isfkfh" kdpdials" fg%dials jekakka o brsfhka isg we;' Tjqka lreKq lrd m%fY we;af;a udlaiajd moku u; kuq;a ;ukagu iqfYaIS jQ fldaKhkaf.ka u ksid oDIauh wr.,h jvd;a mK .eka we;' tlu mlaIh ;=< jqj o Wmdhsl yd Wml%l m%Yak inkaOfhka jQ fjkia u;jdohkaf.a .eu m%;sm;a;shla jYfhkau mlaI uOH lgqjg iSud lrf.k fkdisu;a th mlaIfhau mqj;am; yryd iudc.; lr ;su;a fnd,afIla mlaIfha YsIaG ,laIKhls' tu.ska mlaI idudcslhka" wdOdrlrejka yd idudkH ck;dj tu wr.,h yd ftkaShj inkaOjk w;r Tjqkaf.a {dkh by< ;,hlg f.k tka n,f.hla njg m;afjhs' mlaI iuqj,g" mlaI uOH lgqjg yd idlPd iNd wdhg f,kska bm;a l< Wmdhsl lreKq inkaO jeo.;a ,sms fkdjrojdu mlaI mqj;am; u.ska m%isoaO flreKs' wr.,fha f m%cd;ka;%jd iajrEmh iska mlaI idudlhka yd ysj;=ka oekqj;a flfrk ksid bfha ish yels ldKav .eiS" mlaIfhka bj;a fyda bj;a ls wdfhka Tjqyq laIKsl lmkhg m;a fkdfj;s' ta yefrkak jeo.;au foa Tjqka mx;s wr.,fha fmdoQ .uka u. ms<sn| i{dkl u h' jD;a;Sh i;sj, ldhNdrh .ek 1920- 21 w;r fnd,afIla mlaI kdhlhka w;r we;sjQ m%isoaO ;shqKq u; wr.,h f ms<sn| fyd| WodyrKhls' jD;a;Sh i;sj, ldh fldgi yd l;jHhka kka l=vd fmd;la uyska fg%dials tu wr.,hg inkaO h' mlaIhg inkaO fmf;%d.%E

ixOdkh mlaIhg wdhdpkhla kka m%ldYkhla lf<a h' th mlaI ks< mqj;am;jQ m%odys m< lrk ,' tu m%ldYkhg tfrysj fudial ldrl iNdj l< m%ldYh o tu l,dmfhau m< flreKs' g wu;rj mlaI /ia ;=< o idlPdjka meje;aKs' fg%dialsf.a u;hkag fukau Tyqf.a ldKavjd m%jk;djhg o nqydka f.a u;hkag fukau Tyqf.a nm lKavdhug o tfrysj f,kska wr., lf<a h' miqj meje;ajQ Pkao uiSf f,kskaf.a jevms<sfj, ch.%yKh lf<a h' fg%dials jro ksjer lr.;a nj f,kska i|yka lrhs' u;jd wr.,fha f m%cd;ka;%jdoS uOH.;Ndjh ke;sk tu ixialD;sh cfm wy,lj;a fkdmsysfha wehs@ nyq, w;aoelS we;ehs o ta ksidu nqoau;a yeisula we;ehs o lshd we;euqka is;d ish o cfm wo;a wfkld fkdbjik wfkld flfrys m%pKav;ajh mEug n,d isk nj kj m%jk;djhg tfrys Tjqkaf.a m%;spdrfhka h<s;a jrla fmkakq lr ;sf' mQj OfkaYajr iudc yd ixialD;sl ,laIK iu. o fj,S mej;Sfuka ixOdk yev.eiau ;j;a msySug ,lajQ nj wfma ms<s.ekSu h' th kdhlhka yd idudkH mdlaIslhka flfrys fohlg n,md we;' Nla;sh yd f.!rjh iska kdhlhka wNsfhda. l< fkdyels ksjer p; f,i ia:dk.; jQ w;r th ta f,iu mdlaIslhka iska o ms<s.ekqKs' fuh ksYa; ia;rhka folla f,i mlaIh fnod fjka l<d fkdj iEu tallhla ;=<u mej;s iajrEmhls' cd;sl m%Yakh inkaOfhka uOHu lgqj yeiS we;s wdldrh g tla WodyrKhls' ta m%Yakh inkaOfhka fndamf.a f.a ,sh,a, wkqu; lsf ish uOHu lgq idudlhkau Bg imQKfhkau mriamr frhkaf.a ,smsh lsis j. Nd.hlska f;drj ta wdldrfhkau wkqu; lr we;' ta frhka wjia:d fofla u iu; flreKq u;h ms<s.;a ksid h' miqld,Sk kdhl l%shdOrhka o th tfiau bhg f.kdf lsis wNsfhda.hlska f;drj h' tu yeisu ;=< we;af;a by;lS f,i Nla;sh ksidu m%Yak lsrSulg fkdfmf<fUk miq.d ixialD;sl ,laIKh hs' th Nla;sjd j .=Khla i udlaiajd j .=Kh k fkdf' wfmdayjd m%fYh k fkdf' flfia jqj o wmg ixOdkhla f.dv ke.Sug isjkafka f f u we;s wuq jHhka f.ka kd wdkhkh lsfuka fkdf' tg tu ixOdkh ;=< miq.d ,laIK ms<sUqu mquhla fkdf' tfy;a th wju ugulg f.k tau wjYHfhkau l< hq;a;ls' ta i|yd mlaIh ;=< j imkak oDIauh wr.,hlg" ienE fpk yd iajhx fpk Nd;hlg yd wNHka;r m%cd;ka;%jd Nd;hlg wjldY ;sh hq;=u h' f iu.u l;d l< hq;= ;j;a me;a;la ;sf' fuh mlaIh f.dv ke.Su ms<sn|j h' mlaIh f.dv ke.Sf u; yd miq.d ,laIK w;yer oeug ue,slula olajkakdjq ksOkSka wf;a ka ;nd .eksfuka fyda Tjqkaj wj{djg Ndckh lsfuka mlaIhla ksjerj f.dv ke.Su l< fkdyels h' mlaIh f.dv ke.Sug isjkafka m%:ufhka Tjqka kd .ekSfuks' fojkqj Tjqka h<s yev .eiafuks' fuh yqfola mx;s mej;afuka fyda ldur idlPd ;=< fyda l< yels fohla fkdf' th l< yelafla mx;s wr., fldj u; wNHdih ,nd fuks' Tjqkaf.au wr., uOHia:dk f.dv k.d .ekSug;a tajd ;=< i f,i wr.,h lrf.k hdug;a bka ,nk w;aoelS yryd ;ukaju h<s yev.iajd .ekSug;a fufyhu yd u. fmkau u.sks' mlaIh fj; msia weo .ekSu l< hq;af;a fufia f.dv kef.k hqKq ls%hdld fldgiaj,sks' tfia ke;sj mx;s yd idlPd u.ska weo .kakd msia u.ska f.dv kef.k mlaIhl idudlhkaf.ka muKla fkdj kdhl ldrldkaf.ka o n,dfmdfrd;a;= h yelafla Nla;sjd Nd;hlg je hula fkdf' tfyhska ienE ksOk mx;s mlaIhla f.dv ke.Su i|yd oDIaauh yd ixOdkuh wr.,h fukau fkdkj;sk nyqck ls%hd;ajhla wjYH lrhs' yqfola mlaI ls%hdld;ajhla u fkdjk fuu nyqck ls%hdld;ajh idfmalaI jYfhka .;a l, mlaIfhka iajdk ls%h dld;ajhls'

ta idfmalaI iajdk;ajfhka hq;=j f.dv kef.kakg nyqck jHdmdrhg bv u mlaIhl j.lSu fjhs' mlaIh hkq nyqck ls%hdld;ajh ;=< fmruqfKau ls%hdldjk fmruqKq n, weKsh h' mlaIh yd mq,a ck;dj w;r tjeks jq md,ula jk tjeks nyqck ls%hdld;ajhla - nyqck jHdmdrhla ;sh hq;=u h' hdka;%sl oHdf WodyrKhla u.ska olajkafka k fufia h' mlaIh l=vd kuq;a th n, oe;s frdaoh hs' nyq ck;dj Yd, kuq;a WodiSk oe;s frdaohls' f WodiSk Yd, oe;s frdaoh fl,skau l=vd oe;s frdaoh u.ska l%shd lrjkakkg hdu hdka;%sl oHdf uQ,Ouhka ms<sn| fkd;ld yeuls' l=vd n, oe;s frdaoh u.ska Bg idfmalaI f,dl= oe;s frdaohla o ta yryd Yd, oe;s frdaoh o l%shdlrjkakg ie,eiau oHd;aul h' lsis ma,jhl nyq ck;dj ishhg ishhla l%shdld jkafka ke;' kuq;a mlaIh oekqj;a il%Sh flavrhlska iuka; h' ck;dj yd mlaIh w;r mj;sk f mr;rh mshjkq ,nkafka nyq ck jHdmdrh u.ska h' ir, w:fhka nyq ck jHdmdrh hkqfjka woyia lrkafka ck.ykfha mq,a;u fldgia Wrd.kakd widOdrKhg" whqla;shg tfrys buy;a O;ajfhka hq;a iduqysl l%shdld;ajhls' fuys ixhqla; fldgia .=Kfhka yd m%udKfhka O h yels h' wruqKq yd l%shdld;ajh w;ska o O h yels h' tfia jqj o f fudfydf;a wfma weia bmsg isjkakdjQ whqla;shg" widOdrKhg tfrysf ir,;u wdldrfha isg tajdfha kshu fya;= ldrlhkag tfrysf ixlSK wdldrhka olajd jQ mrdihl ysfok mq,a oelaula uyck jHdmdrh i;= h hq;= h' tjeks oelaula ta ;=< ch.%yKh lrug tys b fm< mdYjhka wkjr; wr.,hla l< hq;= h' tys ish fldgia wfkldf.a wkkH;djhg .re l< hq;= w;r wfkld u; wld;ajh mEu fkdl< hq;= h' jD;a;Sh i;s" ldka;d ;reK yd YsIH i;s fyda fjkh i;s ixOdk nyqck jHdmdrhl mdYj lrejka i nyqck jHdmdrh jkafka ke;' fujeks jQ uyck jHdmdrhla ;=< Wr.d fkdn,d fl,skau ck;dj w;ka W.=,ajd mlaIh ;=< me, lsfuka ysjkafka miq.d hdka;%sl ma,jdjdfhls' tfia jQ g tu mlaIh ck;djf.ka fjkajQ ksldhla njg m;afjhs' tjeks mlaIhla myiqfjka ks<Odjdohg fyda kEu wdldrhl wjia:djdohlg f.dref bvla o miq.d ufkdaNdjhka h fkd mej;Sf bvla o w;alr .kSS' nyqck jHdmdrhl ixOdk jHqyh ms<sn| fyd|u wdoYh imhkafka fnd,afIla ma,jfha .dul n,h jQ fidah iNd h' m%cd;ka;%jdofha isg iudcjdoh olajd O u;jdohka oerE kuq;a ojfia wr.,h iu. fmdrnoka is ish mdYjhkag fidah iNd u. yer hd fkdyels h' fidah iNd jrla wjia:djdoh lrd miq niska o B<`. jr iudcjdoh lrd bhg tka o ls%hd;aul h' tys ish mdYjhkaf.a oDIajdohka" m%;sm ;a;s" Wmdh Wml%uhka ug .e,fmkafka o fkd.e,fmkafka o hkak ksYaph flrefKa w;ska mhska lrk m%ydrhkaf.ka fkdj ixjdofha yd Nd;fha Wr.d ne,Sfuks' fidah iNd ;=< fnd,afIla n,h ia:dms; flrefKa thdldrfhks' wfma kdhl;ajh jgd tl;= fjkak jeks ksldhjd igkamdG fjkqjg f,kska fidah iNd jgd tl;=jkak" ish n,h fidah iNdj,g jeks igkamdG bm;a lf<a h' fidah iNd ksOk mx;s rdcH n,h l%shd;aul lrK udOHh f,i;a mlaIh tys kshuqjd f,i;a f,kska ks;r wjOdrKh lr we;' ma,jfha ch.%yKfhka miq f,kska hgf;a imQK rdcH jHqyh ilia flrefKa fidah iNd flakalr .kska h' wo f ms<sn| .eUqre ixjdohl wjYH;djh mj;S' wms lreKq f ;r rg wjOdrKh lrkafka cfm foaYmd,kh tys mokka u ykd.ekSulska f;drj ,dxlSh ma,jjd jHdmdrhla .ek is;Su mjd l< fkdyels hhs wms Yajdi lrk ksid h' cfm

j;udk ks,Odjd kdhl;ajhg tys ksfYaOh iu.u ksfYaOug bv yuq' wkqrd.hg bv fkd;nd cfmys idOkSh ,laIK muKlau Wlydf.k iajhx l%shdrNl;ajfhka bhg hdug wIaGdkh we;s ma,h jHdmdrhla wo wjYH h' tfy;a tys l=uk fyda ksfYaOkSh wx.hla wdrlaId lr .ekSfuka tjekakla idlaId;a lr .; fkdyels h' ;;ald,Sk jerj,ska muKla fkdj w;S; jerj,ska o m%;sixialrKjd f,i fkdj ma,h f,i le fjka fuka f;drj ma,h jHdmdrhla f.dv k.kakg ne h' ienE ma,h mlaIhla f.dv k.kakg l,amkd lrk kEu fldgilg fyda n,f.hlg kEu jer fohla bj;,Sug ffOhhla" wIaGdkhla yd ksNS; Ndjhla ;sh hq;= h' ck wr., jHdmdrfha m%uqL wNsfhda.hla jkafka Bg cfm ksfYaOkSh Wreuhka w;sl%uKh lrka ienE ma,h jHdmdrhla njg mj;kh h yelafla o hkak h' wmf.a mlaIfha ku l=ula h hq;= o@ hk ,smsfhys f,kska fufia igyka lr we;' zztfy;a wms wmgu h isuq' wmf.a wdorKSh merKs l=Kq ;ejreK lih bj; oeug wms miqng fjuq o@ ........lsgq lih bj; ,d msis we we| .eksug ld,h meK ;sf'

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