CiCi Zhang ~ Individual Website ~ Junior Division

Primary Sources
, Presidential Palace, Nanjing, China. Personal photograph by author. 2011. This is a photo of Chinese calligraphy written by Sun Yat-sen. The characters mean 'continue to strive'. I took this photo during my visit to the Presidential Palace. It is used on the 'Uprisings and Reactions' page to show his passion, strength, and devotion towards revolution. Chen Tian-hua. Photograph. Web. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen_Tianhua>. This website shows an image of Chen Tian Hua, a revolutionary leader who became known after he drowned himself. I used this picture on the 'Revolution' page to remind us of all the revolutionaries who sacrificed their life for their country. China Revolt Growing Fast." New York Times [New York] 12 Oct. 1911. Print. On the third day after the revolution, the New York Times published an article that outlined Sun Yat-sen's plans to become Provisional President. This newspaper clipping was used on the 'Turning Point of the Revolution' page. "Chinese Rebels Win Big Victory." New York Times [New York] Oct.-Nov. 1911. Print. This newspaper article came from the New York Times. It was published the day after the success of the Wuchang Uprising. The article detailed the uprising's impact on the people, foreigners in Wuchang, and the Qing official's reaction. I used this information on the 'Turning Point of the Revolution' page. "Chinese Troops Revolt." New York Times [New York] 12 Oct. 1911. Print. I found this article in the New York Times newspaper. This article gives us a vivid image of the events that happened on the day of the Wuchang Uprising. I used this information on the 'Turning Point of the Revolution' page. First Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China. Photograph. Web. 22 Apr. 2012. <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/30/Temporary_Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_China.j pg>. This is a photo of the first Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China. I used this on the 'Reform and Impacts' page because it was the first Provisional Constitution ever created, and I felt it had a significant historical impact. Guangzhou Uprising Flag. Photograph. Web. <http://wpcontent.answcdn.com/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_Ch ina.svg/200px-Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png>.

CiCi Zhang ~ Individual Website ~ Junior Division

This is the flag of the First Guangzhou Uprising. I used this photo on the 'Uprisings and Reactions' page as a symbol representing the very first uprising of the revolution. Huang Xing. Photograph. Web. 22 Apr. 2012. <http://enghunan.gov.cn/AboutHNprovince/XHistory/HunanCelebritie/201104/W020110408552749391 324.jpg>. This website shows a photo of Huang Xing. He was the leader of the famous Huanggang Uprising, where he had four fingers blown off. I used his picture on the 'Revolution' page in memory of his boldness and leadership. "In Memory of Father of the Nation ()." MP3. I heard this song, "In Memory of Father of the Nation"() during my visit to the Presidential Palace. I wanted to commemorate Sun Yat-sen by using this song on the 'Revolution' page. "A Letter to My Wife." Letter to Yi Ying. Web. 22 Apr. 2012. <http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3280/2909656813_a578476f16.jpg>. This is a letter from Lin Jue-min to his wife, Yi Ying. In his letter, he writes of his feelings towards her a few days before the Second Guangzhou Uprising. I used a very touching quote from his letter, and I saw a person's selflessness for his country. "Lin Jue-min's "A Letter to My Wife" (English Translation)." SkyPoint Communications - Internet Service Provider - ISP - Minnesota. Web. 13 Feb. 2012. <http://www.skypoint.com/members/tang/translations/linjuemin.html>. This website gives an English translation of Lin Jue Min's "A Letter to My Wife". Man Cutting Off His Queue. Photograph. Web. 22 Apr. 2012. <http://factsanddetails.com/media/2/20080226-uccting%20off%20queue%20in%201911%20mclc.jpg>. This is a photo of a man cutting off his braid. A short hair style was influenced by Western cultures, so it was a common anti-Qing symbol. I used this photo on the 'Reform and Impacts' page to show what kinds of cultural changes were made. Qing Court. Photograph. Web. <http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en>. This website shows a picture of the Qing court during the 1800s. I used this picture on the 'Background' page as a visual effect to show how the Qing court looked during the 1800s. Qiu Jin. Photograph. Web. <http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/womeninpower/Wom eninpower1900-filer/image007.jpg>.

CiCi Zhang ~ Individual Website ~ Junior Division

This website shows a picture of Qiu Jin. She was one of the only women who participated in the revolution. I used this picture on the 'Revolution' page because she is my inspiration when it comes to courage. "The Republic of China 1912 National Anthem." 1912. MP3. I used this song, "The Republic of China 1912 National Anthem" on the 'Reform and Impacts' page. The song was created in 1912, replacing the Qing national anthem. It was used for a short period of time (1912-1915). Because it existed for only 3 years, it is almost completely forgotten today. It took hours of searching to find this song. I feel that we need to remember this precious piece of music. It was an important part of history, and it should not be forgotten. Republic of China Flag (1912-1915), Presidential Palace, Nanjing, China. Personal photograph by author. This is a photo of the first Republic of China flag created in 1912. I used it on the 'Reform and Impacts' page because it was a significant cultural change after the revolution. Revolutionary Clothing, Presidential Palace, Nanjing, China. Personal photograph by author. 2011. This is a photo of the revolutionary clothing that Sun Yat-sen designed. The style was influenced by Western cultures. I took this photo during my visit to the Presidential Palace. It is used on the 'Reform and Impacts' page because it was a very significant cultural reform. The style is still used in China today. The Revolutionary Sun Yat-sen & Singapore. Youtube. Web. 17 Apr. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=64r6cZHmWDk>. This video gave me live footage of Sun Yat-sen during one of his speeches. I used a small section of this video on the 'Revolution' page. Sun, Yat-sen, Durham S. F. Chen, Kai-shek Chiang, and Francis Wilson. Price. The Three Principles of the People. (Taipei, Taiwan: China Publ.), 1953. Print. This book explains Sun's Three Principles in Sun's own words. I created a document (Defining the Three Principles) with information from this book to help people get a better understanding of the 'Three Principles of the People'. The document is on the 'Revolution' page. Sun Yat-sen. Photograph. Web. <http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en>. This website shows a picture of Sun Yat-sen. He was the man behind the revolution, gathering support with his lectures and speeches throughout the world. I used this photo on the 'Revolution' Page to show his significance to the revolution. Taiping Rebellion. Photograph. Web. <http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en>. This website shows a picture of the Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864). I used this picture on the 'Background/Thesis' page to show one of the rebellions that weakened the Qing government. 3

CiCi Zhang ~ Individual Website ~ Junior Division

Tao Cheng Zhang. Photograph. Web. <http://www.shaoxing.gov.cn/en/0307/10354.htm>. This website shows a picture of revolutionist Tao Cheng Zhang. I used this picture on the 'Revolution' page because Tao had special contributions to the revolution that are worth mentioning. "Three Principles of the People" Hu Han Min, 1930. Http://www.gio.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=79098&CtNode=2579&mp=807. Web. I used "The Three Principles" Song () on the 'Revolution' page because the "Three Principles" were the core of the revolution, and I think it is Sun Yat-sen's most significant contribution to the revolution. I especially like this song because it is a children's piece- vocal version, and it shows the "Three Principles" still inspire children today. "Uprising Against Manchus." New York Times [New York] 12 Oct. 1911. Print. I found this article in the New York Times newspaper. It describes the true meaning of the revolution/ending over 300 years of the Qing Dynasty. I used this information on the 'Turning Point of the Revolution' page. Wuchang Uprising Headquarters. Photograph. Worldisround. Web. 16 Mar. 2012. <http://photos.worldisround.com/photos/9/312/380_o.jpg>. This is a photo of the headquarters for the Wuchang Uprising, now a museum in memory of the uprising. I used this picture to show the place where a significant uprising took place. Yuan Shi-kai. Photograph. Web. <http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://static.newworldencyclopedia.org/thumb/a/aa/Yuan_sh ikai.jpg/200px-Yuan_shikai.jpg>. This website shows a picture of Yuan Shi-kai. As a reaction to the uprisings, the Qing court hired Yuan to suppress the uprisings. I used this picture on the 'Uprisings and Reactions' page. Historic Site Visit Presidential Palace, Nanjing, China. 21 Dec. 2011 During my visit to China, I went to the Presidential Palace, where Sun Yat-sen was sworn in as he Provisional President of the Republic of China. It was an exciting experience to be in the place where Sun held meetings and gave his speeches. This is where I obtained most of my primary sources. Zhong Shan Ling, Nanjing, China. 21 Dec. 2011 In his will, Sun Yat-sen stated that he wished to be buried in Zhong Shan Ling. That is the place where his mausoleum sits now, covering an area of 800 square meters. When I was in China, I 4

CiCi Zhang ~ Individual Website ~ Junior Division

wanted to pay my respects to Sun by visiting his famous mausoleum. Only when I saw the swarms of people, also there to commemorate him, did I realize how important Sun really was. It was a truly touching and memorable experience.

Secondary Sources
1911. Dir. Jackie Chan and Li Zhang. Perf. Jackie Chan, Bingbing Li, and Winston Chao. 2011. Netflix. 1911 is a movie that was made celebrating 100 years since the successful Wuchang Uprising in 1911. The movie detailed several uprisings, including the famous Huanggang Uprising, and included a couple of Sun Yat-sen's speeches. Baker, Nina Brown, and Jeanyee Wong. Sun Yat-sen. New York: Vanguard, 1946. Print. This book is one of my first sources, and gave me some ideas about how to go deeper into my research. It is a biography outlining Sun Yat-sen's life, his struggles to lead China out of its unhappy domination by the emperor, his principles, and ideas. Birth of Modern China: A Look at the Revolution of 1911. Perf. Sun Suiying. Youtube. Web. 17 Apr. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=troEQLbkjKU>. This is a video of Sun Suiying, Sun Yat-sen's granddaughter. She speaks about the factors behind the successful overthrow of the Qing Dynasty and the expulsion of foreign powers. I learned why the revolution was started, and the three factors that made the revolution possible. Buck, Pearl S. The Man Who Changed China: The Story of Sun Yat-sen;. New York: Random House, 1953. Print. Through this book, I learned about the revolutionary ideas behind each uprising, and the reactions to each one. This information was used on the Uprisings and Reaction page. "China in 1900." History Learning Site. Web. 01 Feb. 2012. <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/china_in_1900.htm>. This website has some background information about the wars in China, the foreign intrusions that led to the Xin Hai Revolution, and the position China was in before the revolution. I used this information on the 'Background Information' page. "Chinese Revolution 1911." The Chinese Revolution of 1911. Web. 22 Apr. 2012. <http://www.funfront.net/hist/china/chin-revo.htm>. 5

CiCi Zhang ~ Individual Website ~ Junior Division

This website gives several reasons why revolutionists felt a revolution was needed. Using the information provided from this source, I could look further into each reason. Huanghuagang Mausoleum of 72 Martyrs. Photograph. Web. 22 Apr. 2012. <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Huanghuagang_Mausoleum_of_72_Martyrs.jpg >. This is a photo of the Huanghuagang Mausoleum of 72 Martyrs. After the failure of the Second Guangzhou Uprising, only 72 bodies were identified. They were buried at the mausoleum. I included this picture on the 'Uprisings and Reactions' page in memory of the 72 brave soldiers. Khoo, Heiko. "Xinhai Revolution: The View of a Western Marxist - China.org.cn." China.org.cn - China News & Traveling. Web. 01 Feb. 2012. <http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/201110/11/content_23594900.htm>. This website is an article describing the revolution from the view point of a Western Marxist. He describes the Opium Wars and China's defeat as 'China's century of humiliation'. This is where I first started my background research. Leng, Shao Chuan. Changes in China: Party, State, and Society. Lanham, MD: University of America, 1989. Print. This book gives a chart indicating that because of the downfall of the Qing, women's social status has improved dramatically over the years. The percentage of educated women increased by 20% from 1910-1930. I used this information on the 'Reform and Impacts' page.

MacNair, Harley Farnsworth. China in Revolution. New York, 1968. Print. This book went to great detail about how the revolution was started, and discussed the domestic and international influences the revolution had on China. This is where I read about Homer Lea, and the role he played in the revolution. Map of Europe (1800-1900). Photograph. Web. 22 Apr. 2012. <http://home.wlu.edu/~patchw/His_223/images/1912_colonies_map.jpg>. This is a map that highlights all of the the land and territories that Europe owned during the late 1800s. I used this map on the 'Background' page to show that Europe was a powerful continent at the time. Phillips, Richard T. China since 1911. New York: St. Martin's, 1996. Print. This book describes everday people's experiences from 1911 to present day in China, and explains the political, economic, social, and culture changes in China after 1911. This information was used on the 'Reform and Impacts' page. 6

CiCi Zhang ~ Individual Website ~ Junior Division

The Revolutionary Sun Yat-sen & Singapore. Youtube. Web. 17 Apr. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=64r6cZHmWDk>. This video outlines what the revolution was all about. Professor Gungwu of Singapore University talks about why Sun Yat-sen felt the need for a revolution. I included a short excerpt from this video on the 'Revolution' page. Saich, Tony, and Benjamin Yang. The Rise to Power of the Chinese Communist Party Documents and Analysis. Armonk, N. Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 1996. 902-03. Print. In the 'Three Principles', Sun Yat-sen states that he wants a government run by the people, and for the people. This chapter gives a reason why Sun felt the need for a change. He sympathized workers and peasants, and showed endless sympathy for them. I used this information on the 'Three Principles of the People' page. "Sun Yat - Sen, The Three Principles of the People." Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media. Web. 13 Nov. 2011. <http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/582/>. This book is told through the perspective of a foreigner. He gives a very interesting comparison of how and why Western and Eastern people view liberty so differently. This book helped me better understand why Sun Yat-sen, after growing up in an atmospere impacted by Western styles and ideas, felt the need for a revolution. "Sun Yat-sen." Mahalo.com. Web. 21 Oct. 2011. <http://www.mahalo.com/sun-yat-sen/>. This website highlights some important events that happened throughout Sun Yat-sen's life. This is where I got some idea of how to dive further into my research. "Sun Yat-sen." Spartacus Educational. Web. 21 Oct. 2011. <http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/CHINAsun.htm>. This website details Sun Yat-sen's childhood and background information. Through this website, I gained knowledge about Sun himself, and when and why he felt a revolution was needed. "Sun Yat-sen Turns Revolutionary." MacroHistory : World History. Web. 01 Feb. 2012. <http://www.fsmitha.com/h2/ch10-2.htm>. This website tells the steps Sun Yat-sen took towards revolution. I learned that Sun was a very motivational speaker, and he gained money by traveling and giving speeches. Tourmalaysia. "Dr Sun Yat Sen's Speech in Penang in the Movie "Road to Dawn" -- ." YouTube. YouTube, 22 May 2009. Web. 10 Apr. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LEwpqj9O-T8>.

CiCi Zhang ~ Individual Website ~ Junior Division

This video shows part of Sun Yat-sen's speech in Penang after a failed uprising. He encouraged his comrades not to give up, even after 9 failed attempts. I used a quote from his speech to express his determination. Web. 13 Feb. 2012. <http://www.homerleasite.com/Site/Welcome.html>. Homer Lea was the lone white man who stood in the front row, watching as Sun Yat-Sen took the oath as the first Provisional President of the new Republic of China. He was one of Sun Yat-sen's closest advisors, for his passion and determination was what Sun needed. Without Homer's help in the United States, it would have been more difficult for the revolution to succeed. I used this information on the 'Revolution' page. "Wuchang Uprising - Leading to the Collapse of the Qing Dynasty and the Establishment of the Republic of China - China Culture." History - China Culture. Web. 01 Feb. 2012. <http://history.culturalchina.com/en/34History6727.html>. This website explains why the Wuchang Uprising was created and how it happened. It is known as the turning point during the revolution. I used this information on the 'Uprisings and Reactions' page. Xin Hai Revolution (). Dir. Guo Qiang Tang. Tian Jing TV Station ( ), 2011. I started my initial research regarding the revolution by watching this TV series. It helped me get an inside scoop on each character's role in the revolution. It detailed China's first historic changes- the overthrowing of the Qing government, the ruling of China for several thousand years ending autocratic monarchy, and the establishment of a republic.