Session 02

Bin v Kiu D Liu
Chng 2
Mc Tiu
Hiu c bin (variables) Phn bit bin v hng (constants) Lit k cc kiu d liu khc nhau v s dng chng trong chng trnh C Hiu v s dng cc ton t s hc
Lp trnh c bn C/Chng 2/ 2 of 22
Bin
B nh
D liu
15
15
D liu trong b nh
Mi v tr trong b nh l duy nht Bin cho php cung cp mt tn c ngha cho mi v tr nh

V d
BEGIN DISPlAY Enter 2 numbers
INPUT A, B C =A+ B
DISPLAY C END
A, B v C l cc bin trong on m gi trn Tn bin gip chng ta truy cp vo b nh m khng cn dng a ch ca chng H iu hnh m nhim vic cp b nh cn trng cho nhng bin ny tham chiu n mt gi tr c th trong b nh, chng ta ch cn dng tn ca bin
Hng
Mt hng (constant) l mt gi tr khng bao gi thay i Cc v d

Bin lu gi cc gi tr hng
5 5.3 Black C
s / hng s nguyn s / hng s thc Hng chui Hng k t
nh danh
Tn ca cc bin (variables), cc hm (functions), cc nhn (labels) v cc i tng khc nhau do ngi dng nh ngha gi l nh danh V d v cc nh danh ng arena s_count marks40 class_one V d v cc nh danh sai 1sttest Khng hp l ! oh!god start... end Cc nh danh c th c bt c chiu di no theo quy c, nhng s k t trong mt bin c nhn din bi trnh bin dch th thay i theo trnh bin dch Cc nh danh trong C c phn bit ch hoa v ch thng

Cc nguyn tc t tn nh danh
Tn bin phi bt u bng mt k t alphabet
Theo sau k t u c th l cc k t ch, s Nn trnh t tn bin trng tn cc t kho Tn bin nn m t c ngha ca n Trnh dng cc k t gy lm ln Nn p dng cc quy c t tn bin chun khi lp trnh
T kha
T kha: Tt c cc ngn ng dnh mt s t nht nh cho mc ch ring Nhng t ny c mt ngha c bit trong ng cnh ca mt ngn ng c th S khng c xung t nu t kha v tn bin khc nhau. V d t integer cho tn bin th hon ton hp l ngay c khi m t kha l int
Kiu d liu
Cc kiu d liu khc nhau c lu tr trong bin l:
S (Numbers)

Tn. V d : John Gi tr lun l :

V d : Y hay N
S nguyn. V d : 10 hay 178993455 S thc. V d, 15.22 hay 15463452.25 S dng S m
Kiu d liu (tt.)

Kiu d liu m t loi d liu s c lu trong bin Tn bin t sau kiu d liu V d : tn bin varName ng sau kiu d liu int
kiu d liu int
tn bin varName
Kiu d liu c bn
Kiu d liu c bn
int
float double char
void
Kiu s nguyn (int)

Lu tr d liu s int num; Khng th lu tr bt c kiu d liu no khc nh Alan hoc abc Chim 16 bits (2 bytes) b nh Biu din cc s nguyn trong phm vi 32768 ti 32767 V d : 12322, 0, -232
Kiu s thc (float)

Lu tr d liu s cha phn thp phn float num; C chnh xc ti 6 con s Chim 32 bits (4 bytes) b nh V d : 23.05, 56.5, 32
Kiu s thc (double)

Lu tr d liu s cha phn thp phn double num; C chnh xc ti 10 con s Chim 64 bits (8 bytes) b nh V d : 23.05, 56.5, 32
Kiu k t (char )
Lu tr mt k t n char gender; gender='M'; Chim 8 bits (1 byte) b nh V d: a, m, $ % , 1, 5
Kiu void
Khng lu bt c d liu g Bo cho trnh bin dch khng c gi tr tr v
Nhng kiu d liu dn xut

B b t (Modifiers)
kiu d liu
Kiu d liu c bn
Kiu d liu dn xut
unsigned short
int
unsigned int (ch l s dng)
int
short int (chim t b nh hn int)

Long int /longdouble
long
int/double
(chim nhiu b nh hn int/double)
Cc kiu d liu signed v unsigned

Kiu unsigned ch r rng mt bin ch c th nhn gi tr dng
unsigned int varNum; varNum=23123;
varNum c cp pht 2 bytes B t unsigned c th c dng vi kiu d liu int v float Kiu unsigned int h tr d liu trong phm vi t 0 n 65535
Nhng kiu d liu long (di) v short (ngn)

short int chim gi 8 bits (1 byte)
Cho php s c phm vi t -128 ti 127
long int chim gi 32 bits (4 bytes)
-2,147,483,648 v 2,147,483,647
long double chim 128 bits (16 bytes)
Kiu d liu & phm vi gi tr

Kch thc ca kiu d liu ph thuc vo h iu hnh.
Hm sizeof(data type) tr v kch thc ca kiu d liu
Kiu Dung lng tnh bng bit Phm vi
char Unsigned char signed char int
8 8 8 16
-128 ti 127 0 ti 255 -128 ti 127 -32,768 ti 32,767
unsigned int signed int
16 16
0 ti 65,535 Ging nh kiu int

Kiu d liu & phm vi gi tr (tt.)

Kiu Dung lng tnh bng bit Phm vi
signed short int long int signed long int short int unsigned short int
16 32 32 8 8
Ging nh kiu short int -2,147,483,648 ti 2,147,483,647 0 ti 4,294,967,295 -128 ti 127 0 ti 256
float double long double
32 64 128
Chnh xc 6 con s thp phn Chnh xc 10 con s thp phn Chnh xc 10 con s thp phn
V d v cch khai bo bin

main () { char abc; int xyz; float length; double area; long liteyrs; short arm; }
/*abc of type character */ /*xyz of type integer */ /*length of type float */ /*area of type double */ /*liteyrs of type long int */ /*arm of type short integer*/

Session 02

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Session 02

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bin v Kiu D Liu

Mi v tr trong b nh l duy nht Bin cho php cung cp mt tn c ngha cho mi v tr nh

s / hng s nguyn s / hng s thc Hng chui Hng k t

Tn. V d : John Gi tr lun l :

S nguyn. V d : 10 hay 178993455 S thc. V d, 15.22 hay 15463452.25 S dng S m

Kiu d liu (tt.)

kiu d liu int

float double char

Kiu s nguyn (int)

Kiu s thc (float)

Kiu s thc (double)

Khng lu bt c d liu g Bo cho trnh bin dch khng c gi tr tr v

Nhng kiu d liu dn xut

Kiu d liu dn xut

unsigned int (ch l s dng)

short int (chim t b nh hn int)

(chim nhiu b nh hn int/double)

Cc kiu d liu signed v unsigned

Nhng kiu d liu long (di) v short (ngn)

Cho php s c phm vi t -128 ti 127

long int chim gi 32 bits (4 bytes)

long double chim 128 bits (16 bytes)

Kiu d liu & phm vi gi tr

char Unsigned char signed char int

-128 ti 127 0 ti 255 -128 ti 127 -32,768 ti 32,767

unsigned int signed int

0 ti 65,535 Ging nh kiu int

Kiu d liu & phm vi gi tr (tt.)

float double long double

V d v cch khai bo bin

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