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HW 9 2011 Solutions
HW 9 2011 Solutions
9.2 At 500C (930F), what is the maximum solubility (a) of Cu in Ag? (b) Of Ag in Cu?
Solution
(a) From Figure 9.7, the maximum solubility of Cu in Ag at 500C corresponds to the position of
the |(o + |) phase boundary at this temperature, or to about 2 wt% Cu.
(b) From this same figure, the maximum solubility of Ag in Cu corresponds to the position of the
o(o + |) phase boundary at this temperature, or about 1.5 wt% Ag.
9.5 Consider a specimen of ice that is at 210C and 1 atm pressure. Using Figure 9.2, the pressure
temperature phase diagram for H
2
O, determine the pressure to which the specimen must be raised or
lowered to cause it (a) to melt, and (b) to sublime.
Solution
The figure below shows the pressure-temperature phase diagram for H
2
O, Figure 10.2; a vertical
line has been constructed at -10C, and the location on this line at 1 atm pressure (point B) is also noted.
(a) Melting occurs, (by changing pressure) as, moving vertically (upward) at this temperature, we
cross the Ice-Liquid phase boundary. This occurs at approximately 570 atm; thus, the pressure of the
specimen must be raised from 1 to 570 atm.
(b) In order to determine the pressure at which sublimation occurs at this temperature, we move
vertically downward from 1 atm until we cross the Ice-Vapor phase boundary. This intersection occurs at
approximately 0.0023 atm.
9.8 Cite the phases that are present and the phase compositions for the following alloys:
(a) 90 wt% Zn-10 wt% Cu at 400C (750F)
(b) 75 wt% Sn-25 wt% Pb at 175C (345F)
(c) 55 wt% Ag-45 wt% Cu at 900C (1650F)
(d) 30 wt% Pb-70 wt% Mg at 425C (795F)
(e) 2.12 kg Zn and 1.88 kg Cu at 500C (930F)
(f) 37 lb
m
Pb and 6.5 lb
m
Mg at 400C (750F)
(g) 8.2 mol Ni and 4.3 mol Cu at 1250C (2280F)
(h) 4.5 mol Sn and 0.45 mol Pb at 200C (390F)
Solution
This problem asks that we cite the phase or phases present for several alloys at specified
temperatures.
(a) That portion of the Cu-Zn phase diagram (Figure 9.19) that pertains to this problem is shown
below; the point labeled A represents the 90 wt% Zn-10 wt% Cu composition at 400C.
As may be noted, point A lies within the c and q phase field. A tie line has been constructed at 400C; its
intersection with the cc + q phase boundary is at 87 wt% Zn, which corresponds to the composition of the
c phase. Similarly, the tie-line intersection with the c + qq phase boundary occurs at 97 wt% Zn, which is
the composition of the q phase. Thus, the phase compositions are as follows:
C
c
= 87 wt% Zn-13 wt% Cu
C
q
= 97 wt% Zn-3 wt% Cu
(b) That portion of the Pb-Sn phase diagram (Figure 9.8) that pertains to this problem is shown
below; the point labeled B represents the 75 wt% Sn-25 wt% Pb composition at 175C.
As may be noted, point B lies within the o + | phase field. A tie line has been constructed at 175C; its
intersection with the oo + | phase boundary is at 16 wt% Sn, which corresponds to the composition of the
o phase. Similarly, the tie-line intersection with the o + || phase boundary occurs at 97 wt% Sn, which
is the composition of the | phase. Thus, the phase compositions are as follows:
C
o
= 16 wt% Sn-84 wt% Pb
C
|
= 97 wt% Sn-3 wt% Pb
(c) The Ag-Cu phase diagram (Figure 9.7) is shown below; the point labeled C represents the
55 wt% Ag-45 wt% Cu composition at 900C.
As may be noted, point C lies within the Liquid phase field. Therefore, only the liquid phase is present; its
composition is 55 wt% Ag-45 wt% Cu.
(d) The Mg-Pb phase diagram (Figure 9.20) is shown below; the point labeled D represents the
30 wt% Pb-70 wt% Mg composition at 425C.
As may be noted, point D lies within the o phase field. Therefore, only the o phase is present; its
composition is 30 wt% Pb-70 wt% Mg.
(e) For an alloy composed of 2.12 kg Zn and 1.88 kg Cu and at 500C, we must first determine
the Zn and Cu concentrations, as
C
Zn
=
2.12 kg
2.12 kg + 1.88 kg
100 = 53 wt%
C
Cu
=
1.88 kg
2.12 kg + 1.88 kg
100 = 47 wt%
That portion of the Cu-Zn phase diagram (Figure 9.19) that pertains to this problem is shown below; the
point labeled E represents the 53 wt% Zn-47 wt% Cu composition at 500C.
As may be noted, point E lies within the | + phase field. A tie line has been constructed at 500C; its
intersection with the || + phase boundary is at 49 wt% Zn, which corresponds to the composition of the
| phase. Similarly, the tie-line intersection with the | + phase boundary occurs at 58 wt% Zn, which is
the composition of the phase. Thus, the phase compositions are as follows:
C
|
= 49 wt% Zn-51 wt% Cu
C
= n
m
Sn
A
Sn
= (4.5 mol)(118.71 g/mol)= 534.2 g
n
Pb
'
= n
m
Pb
A
Pb
= (0.45 mol)(207.2 g/mol)= 93.2 g
C
Sn
=
534.2 g
534.2 g + 93.2 g
100= 85.1 wt%
C
Pb
=
93.2 g
534.2 g + 93.2 g
100=14.9 wt%
That portion of the Pb-Sn phase diagram (Figure 9.8) that pertains to this problem is shown below; the
point labeled H represents the 85.1 wt% Sn-14.9 wt% Pb composition at 200C.
As may be noted, point H lies within the | + L phase field. A tie line has been constructed at 200C; its
intersection with the L| + L phase boundary is at 74 wt% Sn, which corresponds to the composition of
the L phase. Similarly, the tie-line intersection with the | + L| phase boundary occurs at 97.5 wt% Sn,
which is the composition of the | phase. Thus, the phase compositions are as follows:
C
|
= 97.5 wt% Sn-2.5 wt% Pb
C
L
= 74 wt% Sn-26 wt% Pb
9.13 For an alloy of composition 74 wt% Zn-26 wt% Cu, cite the phases present and their compositions at
the following temperatures: 850C, 750C, 680C, 600C, and 500C.
Solution
This problem asks us to determine the phases present and their concentrations at several
temperatures, for an alloy of composition 74 wt% Zn-26 wt% Cu. From Figure 9.19 (the Cu-Zn phase
diagram), which is shown below with a vertical line constructed at the specified composition:
At 850C, a liquid phase is present; C
L
= 74 wt% Zn-26 wt% Cu
At 750C, and liquid phases are present; C