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83,850,000^000
8,240,000^000
214,736,388^790
109,928,500^000
18,728,507^538
156,000,000^000
17,800,000^000
202,185,439^860
237,800,000^000
61,600,000^000
72,866,994^000
15,600,000^000
13,875,000^000
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35,471,020^640
21,058,240^000
77,962,500^000
102,975,600^000
358,670,270^730
488,451,714^900
219,450,000^000
40,588,000^000
21,417,000^000
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34,273,633^700
23,400,000^000
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74,361,300^000
90,000,000^000
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978,000,000^000
52,720,668^000
26,400,000^000
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3,381,000^000
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29,700,000^000
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11
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24
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34
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12,072
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300
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350,000^000
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2012 je 2 aGG `g1433 fdG iOL 10 AHQCG

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Mh.oraimi@hotmail.com

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.zG Gg jH e H J J h
k
jM cCG H j c SGe JdG gGj dG PEG FdG fEG
g d .Lh
Y LhN QdG GS e G dG Gg Y J IG .J GMCG ,gJh JCJ
jOdG HdG ``aQ bGdG OdG .Uf MCG cDj e ``M
a ```Y `````X``Jh ,Q``` ` SCG ``Y EG a IY j SGG f
GYEGh odG Y QfG g c ``N eDG ```d``G ``` jDh``d ``gh ,````j``e ```Y
;KJ g EG j g OdG .TGdG ,G Se JCJ JbJh OGVCG IMH
.dG dG dG c JdG j dd d Se ,G Se ,GY dG Se
WdG cG Af UH Kh Se ,ZdG FGL Se ,dG
jK IS ``N e dVGh gQJh ,G ```S``e ,G``` dG ``jG``e ```S``e ,`` dG
j dG e hCG dG .jdG h .OG Se ,f Y j jQJ Se
iG Z dG CG T aQ EG JdG c ``jQ````SCG Ne EG j dG
dG jVh IG dG e ,QSCG jRGe g JCJ IQSCGh .YG Uf
1970 ```b ``e ````dG ``eRh ,``HG``G ``j``bh CGf ``` M ;``J``` ` ``e `` h ``H ,``bG``` d
dG dG M eGO
k dG c dd ; HJ ``e``` dG ``V``G .``` d``N ``e ``bG``dG
. 1970 H e GMC Kj idG dG e cH QeCGh ,QeCG EG J dU
IYCH ``j```dG A```eG ``N ``e ``dP ```f a g e dd ;MCGh G Y AdhCG
EG HGG jb e SG h AHdG bRCH ``N```U A```Z ``` WCG ```j ````dG
dG LdG j JdG CG EG .fGdG S ,``d q U Iej :```JGQG``Mh jG
.IjG FdG P dG Gd hN Xj idG JdGh .Y NGO GY
G ``a ``c``` ` dG ``` dG ``` H{ :``` ` j
AGYCG jCG HH j ,H H WCG
jQY HGG ICGeG a S idG ,dG FQ Sj G eh IG AGYCG iCG G
b MG CG H ,GQO`` g j Y Tc NQU O I```H LCG dG
Je fGdG ``Zh ,`````LCG ```W```SCG ..J O Ib ..jU ``j O :O```MCG
;zeM{ dG dG K ,zJQH OJj
.zO jQCG ..j O H
g JSCe IhQP vjLGJ f
k JdG j e `` Lh :`` ` dG ````` `` dP ``` H

.(fk fEGh k Jc HdG MCG) :GH e

fodG `````G `````f ``` fh ,``e``` Nh
dG Q``` ` YG IO`` `YEG ```Y A`` ` HOCGh `````d
adG MdG HdG Jd `` HOCGh
NCGh PSCGh jU MCG E`a ,fodG
d CGh ,(MCG HCG) HdG MCG cCG
eG VGeCG e jG YGU adG
Y ``d``G ````TCGh ,``` HOCG ``H``b``dG `````Sh
IOdG g S M dH qeCG CG Lh
CH gYCGh YCGh ,ddG Gb H fCGh
Y aQ j Qdh ..HCJ ak M cCG
e Y Jj CG `` Y ``e ,``dP
fCGh dG g Jh J PEG ;f BG
.HdGh G GY Y H

:Y A S
Y J HdG H
fl fi
1965 fj 9 gCG
1970 dj 23h
dG HdG Y GkH d dG dP
V g j PEG ;JdG j dG
.AT e JM LJ SSh YLG
PEG ,````dEG QG``bCG QhO j dd JdG
,dG JLCGh dG QG``bCG M e
,WdG /dG ..Ff j a
/IG ,MG /IQdG ,WdG /dG
.G
e Ak GHG JdG H Y J dd
M ```TG```dG G``YE` a ,```o `dG Y Q````fG
QhJ .fEd FGO e Ne ,QdG GS
OJh e CG```J ,HG UdG G``MCG
G ````W ``U`````dG ```Y ``W ``dP ````dEG
Jd Gf ;fo d dG GLdG Y
.JM J jQdG
CGj ,TGdG G``YEG dG f :``cPh
idGh ,IG EG e KG j H
hGdG CG d ```JAG``b ```UG``J ``e ``a```f
UhCG eM CGh ,dG Y G g
IY H ,AdhCG e b IH cJh
AL ,G e EG ZQa GQe FH e jCG
a aJ b QG``M H Mh GQ
eR EG ``J```dG ``H j ```g .`` eCG ```H EG
NGJ gDhGK a g d Uf ,NBG
Jc MCG C .bGaGh WJh eRCG
hO ,OdG VQCG Y J YGHEG GAa
a GC J dG dG G bdG
.Jh a
a NGj OdGh ,g M jf

:dG fi
Y jG c VG
..eG e HdG
H dMG gh
QYG IOYEG
Q````dG ``j``dG ``j``a i``d ``g ```c ,I``` G
g QdG jdG ja QW ,zdG e{
dG jG f J .HdG QW gjEG
H aj QdG i``d gh ,G g
,MdG AKCG bj H ,GdG QdG
j .dG UGJ e g bdG dGh
Wh ```M``dG ````UGh `` JBG A``G ```HQ f
fJ ..```b ``e b ,bJ ``e bJ{
UCG ````a AG``` ` dG ``` FGQh OhQ``` dG ``` FGQ
QGH Jh J FGhO Qa dH jdG
G jdG Yh OhQ```dGh G MCG
dG ``` UGh ``dP ``eh ..``` MGh ````H
.z..MQ de

o dG Y
M HdG j :Y S VCGh
feH j f
k j ,QdG dDe e
J g QdG ,G G ``e ``JC`J
.G cG f S IMh G
,QdG ```jQ J ```dG ``g ```G ``f``e``a
b a ````LCG H ``eC`J ```dG ``gh
odG Y ```J ```M Jh ,```d```Uh
VH ```G ``eC` j PEG Q````dG `` MCG ``g i`` dG
dCG ihd IcJ dPh ,c hR``G Y
edG ``````d A`` ` `EGh `` ` `dGh ``F``` ` ` dGh
edG Y iOj .dGh HdGh dH
dGh adG Jh G```SCGh eGG
Y dG b dP j K ,GHCG Jh
.zf ShCG
c C ;dH dG NGJ g HdG

OedGh QdG IcGP

:GY M ```dG Y S `` bQh `` eCG
a ,zO``e``dGh Q``` dG I`` cGP ```H``dG ``` MCG{
MCG odG FGhdG IAGb J :a
iODj ``e ``dP .```V``G ``Y e ```H``dG
VG Y e JAGb YSG Y EG
cDjh ,Ge f j HJ ``fEG .````jCG
c ,e Ve
m j VM c CG M d
GdH ``a``M ``jQ``J gdj ffEG ``H``
.gGdGh Gh IQdGh dGh
fEG jQdG cM H J e Hh
IG GU ,OGVCG GU Y FdG gS
J ,HG HQ UT CGJ .Gh
.L f idG bGdG g ,H Ve Y
QGT hj e g AD` g HG Je
jH HdG MCG id dP ,jG G
c jd gCG .JKEH j e CG ,M
.FdGh eG jH dh dP hM
GMCG e FGO cM g dG dd
eR ``MG``e ``Y UT ```j ``J```dGh
;OG ```````J Q``` ` j ``` ` e ``a `````
dG H R````J JTh G`` MCG PEG
.BG jdGh bGdGh
KH g ``YG``HEG ``FGh``dG dG h
gUY dG G SdG GMCG hM
GHEG VQCG jd SdG ``G .JdG
k a ;G
OdG GjL jW dH
PSCG hCG YT A```VCG b ``c odG
G ``` F``e{ `` ` `jGhQ ``F``` dG G`` ` Y
.zdG GdGzh zNCG
dEG ``g``j ``e `` gh ,``` g h`` `G ``` K``J
g .``F```dG S bGh ``e ```HCG ,```H``dG
.GdG LGe IQh```V EG G dG
be H e bdGh dG LGe
.cCH WdG cG jQd dG LGG
gS ,dG e GkAL fc dG GdG g
jZCG aO ah ,TGdG GYEG J CG hO
.IdG AGG dG a jG
id Y g G aVEG CG EG Q```TCGh
CG ,zNCG G Fe{ FdG S
J .````eR ``` ShCG ``M````e ````J ``H````dG
VG dG S e CGJ eR Me
bG i`` dG ``b``dG ,``J````````S ```M
G ``M Y FdG P````SCG H a
Y ``` H``dG ``H`` ```J ``d``d .``` ` NCG
G ``` ` gCG ;``` ` ` `` ` ```
.1970 dj 23h ,1965 fj 9 jQdG
fCH Y .``d```U ```j``e `` JQGO gch
c zNCG G Fe{ FdG M
,H ````UG``e IQh``` ` d Gk ```e ````fG ``b
:gjEG e ;``M````e ``` jGhQ ``j```f ```V``a
.zfodG IQdG e fdG MG j{
;MG R``e``H ```MCG ``H`` ``d``d
e YCG eR EG Oj ..Wh ,QN :e
HdGh ,b ``H G``Y ``eEG H
SdGh YLG dG id gAGK
G ``b ``g UT ``e J ``gh
,jah ,`` e`` Mh ,``` ` ` dG C` ` c ;``````e CG
..jdG h``eh ,AdG jSh ,jh
e GQOEG f MQ cCH IG Ea Gd

QX e J e
e hCG IcGdG{ :GH AL dG bQh h
:dG jOCG b ,zQX e J
Y a aGh dG dG fCG NCG
,HdG MCG Y GOT IAG``b cQG
JdH ``c``` dG ```S ``Y ``` ` ` SCG ````H```fG
dG ````dG `````G EG ``JO``YEGh ```H``dG
dG G``G ``gh ,G``j`` dG ``g
WeEG dG d HdG GGh ,odG
jdG fodG ````dGh G ``Y ````dG
adG GdGh SDG Y OHG Ga
e SCG g c ?dG
o b e IQGG
dG dG `````dG SCG `` fCGh `q ``Y
KK I``e HdG MCG JdG e gY
HOCG ``d``` YCG `` M ``HG``` ` ` SG `` N `` `jCG
e UGJ ``N ``eh ,feCdh .FGhdGh
S A``HOCGh d fodG G IQGOEG
aQ a ,HdG MCG JdG ``Hh 2009
,e eJ fH G QJ CG ``NCG
,jCG Y S QfGh jdG e
.jQd ebCG IOT gh
b hCG ``` a``` e IO``` ` T `` ` `bCG `` ` ` jCG ``` g
JdG jdG Y - dG e - jU
bGU NCJ e ZdG Yh ,HdG MCG
f fCG EG ,HdG JdH aeh
dU je hCG AdG e UGdG Y
ee f ``LCG gh ,2008 fj ``jG``H
EG QO````j ``Q `` dG GD` ` ` dG ``Y ``H``LE``H
JdH ae ``NC``dG S ``Y ,```f``gPCG
dG Q```X EG O`````H j ``dG ```H``dG
.IG JNU hCG L
HdG ```MCG ``J```dG EG d `` bCG ``G
k `` e ``k ``SG ```j
adG adG hG`
``````dG ``` HOCG ``M````dG h ,```f```o `dG
cPCG gh ,HY S SG cGP Cch ,oY
dG ``` ` dG O`` ` dG ```J````M ``KO``M
M ,``` f``` o ` dG `` jGh`` dG ``Y Ih`` f ,2009
b) ``jGhQ oY ``O``cCG ``gh VG ``cP
EG fh (e SG dG ```e
YdG ``j````dG ````f ``bh ,``` ``dD` e
M ``cP e ``gh SH q ` cPh Y S
CG ``` ``M CG EG f ```g ``e ,```V```G
oj dG eG e HdG cP j
.gcP eh e
HdG ``J```d``H ``a```e hCG EG :OGRh
IjL ``a``` T ``` ` e QG`` ` M `` `c
Gdh ,fJ fhdEG G CGbh ,oY
QG`` G Gh`` ` LCG ``j``dG A``b``` UC``H ``` ` JCG
EG LdG ``eCG Y HdG MCH d
U ````f ``b ``` ch ,``F``` dh ```````dG
v HOCG f
k zHdG SdG{ U 2006
dG M bh ,(QX e J e) :GH
dG ``e ``j```dG ```b ``e ``` ` gGh IAG``` H
dG ````dG ``gh ,`` dP ``Y Gh`` Y ``j``dG
QhT HCG OTQ dG JdG Y c
Y f H ,jCG HdG SdG
dG dG g Qh ,(QGdG QhH) dG
CG EG ,```J``c ``Y C```j ```H``dG ```MCG L
Y fh ej ``eh ,QX e LG
e jdG QH Ie GA```dh UGJ
,LQN ``eh dG ``NGO ``e A``b``` UCG
SG ,IdG edG I``G J ``Nh
N ``e ```H``dG ``J```dG ```YC`H q ``f CG
JdG ``Y I``e ,jdG z``b``dG{ I``j``L
N ``` dG ,``` ` ` dG ````S``H ````j````dG
iNCG Ieh ,HdH Fd Y ec U
hdG e Ve e jGhQ e M
fh G Gg Y oc M ,2009 d
,jCG ````j````dG z``b``dG{ I``j``L ``G
``dP ````fh ,```e dG ``Y c c
f c (QX I``cGP) fhdEG fhe
a Nj dG VG ``G jCG a
Y c ,Gk NDeh ..IcG jdG HdG
,zjDhdG{ IjL (IAVEG) YSCG OY

19

GHG J

2012 je 2 aGG `g1433 fdG iOL 10 AHQCG

ICGG J GO````````

k
k f`fEG `````
dG OdH FSG eCG Yeh

.IUG YGHEG fodG HdG

jedG SG
G Y JGQeEG JdG b ,bQh h
c `` e hCG bH d ``jG``H :dG
JHH YEG jT M hCG HdG MCG
MCH ``` YEG CG ``j`````a ,``` d ````eh
H `` b ``j````d `` c (`` jG`` H) ``` H``dG
Me hCG ```M J ``b ``` dGh ,A````dG
h f dM (edG ) fc edG
a HdGh ,f M je
Ie ``gh dGh dG dL
cCG c GPEG fY J Qh ,(jQX) Q
dG d j Lda ,Gjh bU
QR c HdG QhRCG CG ``NG .jedGh
gh ``j``NBG ``e f CG J ```c ,``` Y
dH ehO NCGh ,G QhRCG aVEG
JJ PG gh) HdG GY MCG e
AG``` S ;Q``````d L ```FG````Y GA``` d
Y e J FGOh ,(jNBG H hCG H
NG bh ,NBG Adh beh k e
IQjd AbUCG H IYO SQeCG CG JQjR
HdGh AbUCG ZQ ;HdG
Gh ````Gh ````dG ``e ````J `````L
Gh OCG ``g``cCG ```Y j ```T```f
.MCGh edG
fCGh ,h``NBG j c WCG CG h``MCGh
``` H``dG ``f``` ```J```H ``` jh ```K ```Y
dGh GG QhOh ,HOCG cG jQJ
jQdG ``` ` G ``` f``` eh ,``` ` d ``e``` dG
Lh dG G``Y ,d WdG
dG ```J```G I`` Gh ``jQ```d``H ``j``dG
gOLh R`` ` eQh ``` Y `` `` ` HOCG ``c````H
.fMCG J dch gQJh
JLf hCG ```H``dG CG`` bCG ```fCG `` YOCG
QJ hCG a ``Y ``YOCG c ,``J``jGhQh
dP h``NBG a c ,db HdG jj
ee HdG cT ```e) a G````ch
Hc jdG S c hCG ,zTGa G``YEG{
,(INCG jGhQ HdG H Y NCG
gGHEG QcdG SGQO G UdG dhM H
GOBG c W Y IQG ee Z
P HdG MCG) :GGh ,jdG
SCG dGh ,(G SdG OC`d
a ,(f Z QcdG e M Y QdG
,U H CG```jo HdG CG dG GQCG
Y ``KC`Jh eb ``e feCH O`` c
d gh) HdGh G dG G
;G j c GDS gh ( dH
GOL T CG```f ``j```dG ```S ```c G```a)
.(HdG YCG k Yh
f ```Y ``e``d``H ``d`````TG ``` H``dG ``` KCG
MJ) G hCG HdG hCG jd Hb Z
Y hQdG) (Fb j GP G HG ``SCGQ
b ``` Y ``` ` Y A`` `eO ``` ` ` fGh ``` ` ZCG
J) (``` L``d``j``jCGh ```jQ````Jh ``WQ``N
VQCG ch) ,(dG OLCG fjO hQ
IQSCG e SG Jh hJ S fG
gh ,(QdG ``dEG HEG aQh ``dEG GQCG jOcCG
J dG IdG HdG Y J
Lh a ,(SdG JdG) jJ V
MQ e G QdGh R``e``dG e dG
Ieeh eSe FH QdG d dG
c ,jh j G OGQCG dc VGhh
dG bd IAGdG j EG e J
QfG e e HdG YCa ,UdGh
g G``g ..O``` dG ````dG ```Mh ````dG Y
QMh OGh OGh ICdc ehO HdG
ehO ,dG eh G Y ZdG
Ie ````Lh `` `eQh `````Mh `m `S``bh ````L
.iNCG
dbCG `` ` `H`` dG `` ` `MCG `` ` S ;`` e`` ` `Nh
,GNCe AL EGh ,d J IOdGh
OLdG /I```Gh G TGdc ``JCG d
JCGh JLCG dG edGh O``L``dG ``ah
.H YdGh dG jN

ZQ jd d HdG MCG C .?GP

dCG OQGh ``g c dGh QNG
GP .IdG dG HdG J e
H ks e d HdG MCG C .?kjCG
ce IQhG dH H ,edG HBG
dHh ,d Qs DG Z jQdHh ,jQfG
H e kjCG dHh ,ke dGh
jOHh ,cCH jdHh ,UG
s e H dHh ,HCG IH Y
AHh ,S
CG ```H``dG ``` MCG j .``d``b ``c
e ``e IQ`` `b `` `bCG ``g .AG`` ` g ``d``` j
H OGh FdG - ``g .`` HOCG ```dG
;Ot dG bCG NH j dG
HdG EG ``g``dG Y Qj fEa dd
j CG j ``H ,dG ```dG FH
j ``fEG :```g``Mh KG FH ``a``jh
Iaf Vh ,s n eo ``FQ HdG AG``g EG
,bOH dN ``MCGh ,``gQh```U ``eh ``Y
s Yh ,fMCG Y J QhUh
e
,JGQfGh ,``` JGQG``` fGh ,``` JGQ``M``fG
b GMQ ,J h ih``J jMh
Qdc gQ b ```HCG `` hCG ``HQO Y
HdG ```MCG j .MjQ Y MdG
.HdG ``` MCG ``j```G ````Jh .``j``` G
CG c j e e d
k UCG o CG j GPh ,jG
j .
IQf e fEG PEG G OS HdG MCG
jdG fo dG q dG e IQO``f e ``bCG
jQdG ``M e j CG ed hjj
Gj h .```e``c G````S ````Y I`` ``` o ` dG
CG MCGh .Gh dG ej OdG
.d N Gg
dG - JHc c HdG MCG j
jdG Is n o G SCdG - dZ dZ CGj
n G
oY Jc QJ SCG .``Mh Y
,dG Mh .HdG MCG e IMh cCG
```Mh ,ih`` G ``Y hCG ,ih`` G ```Mh
h .IQeh IMh f g dG IcGdG
hG gh - nr o G ..., , ,CG he
foY ```a```K ``Y````e `` NBGh hC Qh``` G
,Y ``j``G ```e G``g ````d `` dG e
,HdG MCG) MGhQCG d af CG fc dGh
OM d K (``fCGh ,``eh ,Y ASh
j dG WdG N Y d GP IQS
g c ,XHCG e jFY ;GP Y Ak e
GYEG Hc .!HdG MCG kWh kjCG
KCG f ReH HdG gj TGdG
,jQdGh ,dG UG :Hc
AJG :hO``e I``NCG) LdGh
OjEGh ,```L ``e ``js `n `r `
p G LdG EG
H f ``H UG Ldd OdG
e s Gh sjOdG JcGdG j gh
kjCG YG ``g ``h .(i``NCG L
JdG T ``M``Jh ,```UG``Jh ,````JG
GAH) HS ```YCG gaY dG R``eQh
QfG ``jQ``` ` SCG dG Y
EG .UhG Sh njGn cn (odG Y
GhQCGh Lh jL e iCGj g JdG
KK ``e ``cCG b f ```dG JT
Vh ,dG V aj EG GH gh ;S
kGL QOf Gg CG XCG .c e o dn jh ,G

:dG G Y

:M GY
j HdG c
dTG HdG KCG
IdG dG H
Hb Z f Y edH b cCG ejh AGdG
AG G e
HdG hCG jd
eCG SG j CG j fEG MV J
e g a eCG SG dG bdG e
ch .k` ` es oCG BG `````UCG ```dG ```Y ;k` ` ` jCG
jh ``e```HEG j j ``dG ``` MCG
dP ``` ` j `` ` dh Q``` U `` H ,`` dh`` ` `dG ``
HGH Qhf ch .q KGQdGh js OSG HdH
LCG e hdG b eQ T dG
cd QdGh ``Wq `dGh dG jEG
,a h ,G``dCG H ,kGQhe ,kGMh g
.S e ,QT h ,```H```SCG h ,`` jCG h
edG Gg G dG dd S
d kM dGh
dH CG gG
q
e H U
n oCG e Idh ,Wh e H n M e
IG ``d .i``c``dG ```JCG ``e Iq```dh ,A``j``c
``Mh M i``c``dG ``dh ,``M ``jCG q c
.cj MCG
FdG GY CG e hG e c GPEG
`` `jGh`` `dGh I``` ` ` dG ``` ` ` dG ``` ` SD` e `` g
,(edG CG) ``` jQ``` dG ``````H ```f```Yo
H ```````SD`e ``g ``` H``dG ``` MCG E` `a
Y e (dG CG) dGh G
o dG Y QfG hCG dG
SC j ``cCG gQhU NCJ dG
MdG `` e .``` ` ` j `` `` `cCG k` ` ` jCG `` g
IQH ``jGhQ FdG GMCG E`a dG
kUb
QYG j a d .jU
s
dG H ```M``dG ``g ```H``dG ``` MCG E` a
hCG IdG jGhdG c m``u `n `n `Hp h j
.novella `dG ,jdG IdG dG

gf Gg .GHEG h ,dG h ,IG

CG d c ,A``G f fG d c G``dG EG
jcdG iS CG J AdG
.G e Ibh HhY cCG

dGh G b
Y ````bCG ,```H``dG ```MCG ``c :``` VhCG
`` cCG ````dG H j ,``` o ` dG
js QjEG jH eeCG jh ,AGdG Lh
c ````d .``` Ss ` dG ``` ` HCG RQCG ```W ```Y
dGh G e b cCG ej
OSG HGY aGj eh ,dG jOMCG
hCG ,W hCG ,QN hCG ,G hCG ,SpJQS
HdG dG Y J d GP M e
.dP H ``M ``eh ,He jEGh
.GdG dP d d kGT
SCG e kjCG cJCGh ,dP c cJCG
c cCG ej kjCG c .BG ``cPCG CG
dOf dG dG Y HdG u dG e
,SH) dGh s cdG IdG e
H keU HdG MCG j CG kfMCG
ch ,``MCG c j h ,MdG AdG
JCS dG e fch .(dG Gg AT
dG g ,e j Y jG GhCG
dG e ;jCG e j CG Y jG
;fo dG o CG ks
p o Y AS gSCG
J CG dG J dG ``e
jdG WCGh Lh cJ CG hO foY
e ````dG aJ c ```MhQ ``e aj
fc ```dG IdG Y ``f``ch .``e````G

,eCGh ,``W```MEGh ,``gBGh ,GdGh

o t n n jn c ``VQCG Y j ``dG PGP`` dGh
fj S L ``a Z Y ``G
Y s e g a j G ch .dG
AdG QhU e osoj eh ,G QX
n G bdG dP c .LdGh
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