Electrical Measurements (9032)

Experiment No. 1

EXPERIMENT NO. 1
1.0 TITLE :
a) b) Preparation for laboratory work . To study the constructional details of Permanent Magnet Moving Coil and Moving iron instruments. Part a) Preparation for laboratory work. Before coming in the laboratory for performing the practicals, please do the following 1. Study the symbols and units.

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Electrical Measurements (9032)

Experiment No. 1

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Electrical Measurements (9032)

Experiment No. 1

2.

Answer the questions on basic knowledge

Questions : Write answers to QQQQ (Question numbers to be allotted by the teacher)

1) 2)

Why symbols are necessary in electrical engineering? What information is obtained from the meter marked with following symbols? Write it in two lines.

3) 4) 5) 6)

Draw a circuit to indicate use of Auto - transformer, A. C. Voltmeter, A. C. Ammeter and load. Draw a circuit to indicate use of potential divider, D.C. Voltmeter, D. C. Ammeter and Rheostat. Draw symbols for P.M.M.C. and M. I. Type instruments. List the ranges of voltmeters, ammeters and wattmeters in your laboratory.

(Space for answers)

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Electrical Measurements (9032)

Experiment No. 1

(Space for answers)

Signature of Teacher

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Electrical Measurements (9032)

Experiment No. 1

Part B :To study the constructional details of Permanent Magnet Moving Coil and Moving Iron Instruments.

2.0

PRIOR CONCEPTS:
Deflecting torque, Controlling torque, Damping torque. Force on a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field Magnetic repulsion.

3.0

NEW CONCEPTS
Proposition 1 : P.M.M.C. instrument (construction). The instrument has Deflecting system, Controlling system and Damping system. Deflecting system consists of a permanent magnet made of Alnico, a core of soft iron and moving coil of enameled copper wire. The moving coil has a thin cross-section and about 50 - 100 turns. It is wound on a rectangular aluminium former. The former is pivoted on a spindle. The moving coil is free to rotate in the gap of permanent magnet and fixed core. Controlling system consists of springs, called control springs, made of phosphor bronze. (springs also act as the leads for the current). Damping system is based on principle of eddy current. Eddy current damping system generates eddy currents in the permanent magnet and damps the oscillations of indicating pointer by providing force in the opposite direction. Concept Structure 1 :

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Electrical Measurements (9032)

Experiment No. 1

Proposition 2 : P.M.M.C. instrument (operation). When the moving coil in the field of permanent magnet caries current, a deflecting torque is produced which is proportional to current through the moving coil. Control springs produce the controlling torque which is proportional to angle of deflection. Eddy currents circulating in the aluminium former produce damping torque. Which is proportional to eddy emf induced in it. Concept Structure 2 :

Proposition 3 : P.M.M.C. instrument (scale and use) In PMMC instrument, the scale is uniform as the deflecting torque is linearly proportional to current flowing through the coil. Direction of deflection depends on the direction of current through the moving coil, so the instrument is used for DC measurement only and polarities must be observed while connecting the instrument.

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Electrical Measurements (9032)

Experiment No. 1

Concept Structure 3 :

Proposition 3 : P.M.M.C. instrument (used for AC measurements). With rectifier, a P.M.M.C. instrument can be connected to AC supply, and the instrument is called as Rectifier type instrument. The rectifier type instrument measures average or r. m. s. AC value depending upon calibration of its scale. Concept Structure 4 :

Part II : Moving Iron Instrument Proposition 5 : Repulsion type MI instrument (construction). The instrument has Deflecting system, Controlling system and Damping system. Deflecting system consists of a circular coil. A soft iron piece called fixed iron is attached to the coil from inside. Spindle is along the axis of coil. Another soft iron piece called as moving iron is attached to the spindle. Controlling system consists of springs, called control springs made of phosphor bronze. Damping system consists of air friction damping.

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Electrical Measurements (9032)

Experiment No. 1

Concept Structure 5 :

Proposition 6 : Repulsion M. I. Instrument (operation). While coil carries current, the soft iron pieces gets magnetized. Similar poles are formed on the nearer faces of soft iron pieces and they repeal each other. Thus the deflecting torque is due to the repulsion and it is proportional to square of the current through the coil. Control spring provide the controlling torque which is proportional to angle of deflection. Air friction damping is provided to the instrument. So damping torque is proportional to movement of piston in air chamber.

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Electrical Measurements (9032)

Experiment No. 1

Concept Structure 6 :

Proposition 7 : M. I. Instrument (Scale and Use). In M. I. Instruments, the deflecting torque i.e. the magnitude of deflection is proportional to square of the current (I) so the scale of the instrument is non - uniform and cramped at the beginning. The direction of deflection does not depend on the direction of the current through the coil so the instrument can be used for DC as well as AC measurements and polarities need not be observed while connecting the instrument. (P.M.M.C. instruments being more accurate, they are preferred for DC measurements).

4.0

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Intellectual skills: To understand the concept of P.M.M.C. instrument. To understand the concept of M. I. instrument. Motor skills: Ability to use P.M.M.C. instrument. Ability to use M. I. instrument

5.0

APPARATUS :
Part A : P.M.M.C. instruments (Ammeter, Voltmeter, - any range). Part B : M. I. Instruments (Ammeter, Voltmeter, - any range). o

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Electrical Measurements (9032)

Experiment No. 1

6.0

STEPWISE PROCEDURE :
Part A : Open a given P.M.M.C. instrument. Observe Deflecting, Controlling and Damping systems. Draw sketch showing all parts of the instrument and label them. (Space for sketch)

Part B : Open a given M. I. instrument. Observe Deflecting, Controlling and Damping systems. Draw sketch showing all parts of the instrument and label them. (Space for sketch)

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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Electrical Measurements (9032)

Experiment No. 1

7.0

QUESTIONS :
Write answers to Q. 1, 2 and 15. Write four answers from remaining questions to QQQQ (Question numbers to be allotted by the teacher). 1. Identify the instrument shown below and label the marked components of it Instrument _____________________

Components : 1. __________________ 2. __________________ 3. __________________ 4. __________________ 5. __________________

Instrument _____________________ Components : 1. __________________ 2. __________________ 3. __________________ 4. __________________ 5. __________________

Instrument _____________________

2.

Identify the instrument and label the components marked with arrow Instrument _____________________

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

11

Electrical Measurements (9032)

Experiment No. 1

Complete the following table :

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

Draw sectional view of PMMC and MI instruments to scale. What type of damping is provided in PMMC and MI instruments? Give applications of PMMC and MI instruments. What are the functions of deflecting, controlling and damping torques? Why PMMC instrument is used for d.c. only? State the advantages and limitations of PMMC instrument. State the advantages and limitations of MI instrument. Which meter will you use for measuring 7.5 amp DC? Which type of meter will you use for measuring 6 A a.c.? Is it possible to measure 6A a.c. with a PMMC instrument? Give reason. Identify the type of meter. Draw its IS symbol.

14.

State the material used for PMMC and MI instruments in their constructional parts.

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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Electrical Measurements (9032)

Experiment No. 1

(Space for answer)

Signature of Teacher

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

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