:

.
:

 ?

; 2

2-4 (50% , 50% )

1
4 4-8
(50% , 50% )

 ?
2 40. 80.
80
10

10

2*40

+ 10 + 10 = 100
80 + 10 + 10 = 100
50
51-60 , 61-70 , ..., 91-100

FAQ
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.
.

, 10.
, 10.
?
?

.
.


..,

, , 2007.
..,
, . . , 2007.
. . , . . , ,
2006.
. . , . . ,
, 2006.
D. . Pozar, Microwave engineering, John Wiley and Sons,
2004.

 ?
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...

 ?
()

,
300 MHz 300 GHz
()
1 m 1 mm

 ?
()
(,

, )

( s ,
t )



...

( )
,

()

,

,
,


( ) 300 MHz 3 GHz (

1 m 1 dm)
(SHF) 3 GHz 30 GHz
( 1 dm 1 cm)
(EHF) 30 GHz
300 GHz ( 1 cm 1 mm)

[m]

10

-9

f [Hz]

10 18

-
x -

10

-6

10 15

(400-750) THz

10 -3

10

12

EHF (extra high frequencies)

10

10 3

10 9

10 6

SHF (super high frequencies)

UHF (ultra high frequencies)

VHF (very high frequencies)

HF (high frequencies)

LF (low frequencies)

MF (medium frequencies)

VLF (very low frequencies)

10

10 3

ELF (extra low frequencies)

 1 -

( )

 2 -
...
: , ,

, ,
,
,

 3 -
:

,


( ,
)

10 W/m2 ,

( , )


?

(LTCC)


(data highway)

10 Gb/s, ...
, 3GM,
2 GHz
WAN (Wireless Area Network) 210 GHz
(,
, ...)


PDA
Bluetooth 2,4 GHz
(e-commerce)

RFID
Collision avoidance
Hands-free sets
Wireless microphone




400 MHz

(DVB Digital Video

Broadcasting, DAB Digital Audio Broadcasting)

(SDTV)
(HDTV)

j
f1 = 6 GHz

Receiver
C2
Circulator

Mixer

f0 = 2 GHz

Oscillator

M2 f = 4 GHz
2

C3

Transmitter

f2 = 4 GHz

C1
6 GHz

M1

Satellite segment

4 GHz

Uplink @ 6 GHz

Downlink @ 4 GHz

Ground station 1

Ground station 2

Transmitter
Coder

coax

Voice
(Telephone)

Figure 1.1

Multiplexer

Receiver
coax

optical fiber
Video and
voice

Frequency
translator
coax
Receiver

coax

Terrestrial microwave
link

Transmitter

Coder

Data

WLAN IEEE 801.11 Standards: WiFi

802.11a: 5 GHz, 54 Mbps
802.11b: 2.4 GHz, 11 Mbps
802.11d: Multiple regulatory domains
802.11e: Quality of Service (QoS)
802.11f:
Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP)
802.11g: 2.4 GHz, 54 Mbps
802.11h: Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS)
Transmit Power Control (TPC)
802.11i:
Security
802.11j:
Japan 5 GHz Channels (4.9-5.1 GHz)
802.11k:
Measurement

and

 ...