1

:
Mycology
.



: Fungal ecology
Fungal Fungal geneties
Industrial mycology Medical mycology
.
Eukaryota
(Myceteae ( Whittaker 1969 )Thallud ) Filamentous
Soma


)(
Heterotrophs .
) (Yeasts
Hyphae
Mycelium
.


100 1000 ) 1
5
.

.

) Septa ( Septum
.
) .
) ( Coenocytic = Nonsptate
. Phycomycetes

Haustoria
.
100
) ( Saigon 1983


.

:


. .

-1
-2
-3


.
:
-1 : Obligate Parssitic Fungi


.
Downy mildew of grapes
Puccinia graminis

.

.
-2 : Facultative Parasitic Fungi



Fusariumsp .
.
-3 : Obligate Saprophytic


Penicillium

Trichoderma sp
.
-4 : Facultative Saprophytic Fungi


Smuts .

-5 : Fungi Symbiotic

Lichens
.

= Mycorrhiza ( mykes = rhiza (

.


.

.

) ( .
.
.
.

.

-6 : Chlamydospores


.
-7 ) ( : Spores
:
- :
.
- :

. . Sporangiophore
:
Conidiophores ) Conidia ( Conidium

Conidiophores



.
.
. :

-1

Pycnidium

Ostiole
.

-2

Acervule

-3

Sporodochium

:
( Fungi imperfecti (Deuteromycetes
.
:
-1 : Plasmogamy

.
-2 : Karyogamy
) Haploid(
Zygote Diploid (2 ( .
- Oospores
) ( ) ( .
- : Zygospores
.
:

CO

.


.

.

:
-1

.
-2
-3
.

-4
.
-5
.
-6 )( .
-7

.

-8

Sclerotia Claviceps purpurea

:

. (Kingdom : Myceteae (Fungi
) (Persoon 1801
) (Eichler 1886

) (exhorter 1883 :
Phycomycetes
-1
Euoascomycetes
-2
Basidiomycetes
-3
[Deuteromycetes
-4
.
1931 Saccardo Sylloge
. Fungorum


.
) (lexopoulos 1962 ) (Hawker 1967
.
) (Alexopoulos & Mims 1979
) (

:
Division Gymnomycota
-1
Division 2 Mastgomycota
-2
Division 3 Amastigomycota
-3

-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
:
)(Alexopoulos and Mims 1979
.
:
Superkingdom : Eukaryota
:
Division 1 . Gtmnomycota

Sub division 1 . crasiogymnomycotion

Class 1 . Acrasiomycetes
Subdivision 2 . Plasmodiogymnomycotina
Class 1 . Protosteliomycetes
Class2 Myxomyxetes
Subclass 1 . Ceratiomyxomycetidae
Subclass2 .Myxogastoromycetidae
Orders 1 . Liceales
2 Echinosteliales
3 . Trichiales
4. Physarales
Subclass 3 . Stemonitomycetidae
Order Stemonitales
Division 11. Mastigomycota
Subdivision 1. Haplomastgomycotian
Class 1. Chtridiomycets
Orders 1. Chytridiales
2. Harpochytriales

:
) (

)(

3. Plastocladiales
4. Monobepharidales
Class 2. Hyphochytridiomycetes
Order : Hyphochytriales
Class 3. Plasmodiophoromycetes
Order : Plasmodiophorales
Subdivision 2. Diplomastgomyction
Class 1. Oomycetes
Orders 1. Saprolegniales
2. Leptomitales
3. Lagenidiales
4. Peribisoirakes
Divisions III Amastigomycota
Class 1. Zygomycetes
Orders 1. Nucorales
2. Enthomophthorales
3. Zoopagales
Class 1 .Trichomycetes
Subdivision 4. Deuteromycotina
Form- Class 1. Deuteromycets
Form subclass 3. Hyphomycetidae
Form orders 1. Moniliales

-3 Binomial Nomenclature

.
100 .
)Carlus Linneaus
(1753
Binomial
system of nomenclatur
Genus .
Species

.
Genus
Family . Order
Class Division .
.
.

10

Mycota Mycotina Mycetes
Mycetidae ales Aceae
.

11

:



) (Alexopoulos & Mims 1979 ) (Martin 1960
.



.
Subdivision 2 2. Plasmodiogymnomycotina
True slime molds
.
) ( Class Myxomycetes
True Slim Molds

Sporan- giym Plasmodium

:
-1

.
-2
.
-3 .
-4 .

:

-1

. Subclass Ceratiomycomycetidae

-2

. Subclass Myxogastromycetidae

-3

. Subclass : Stemonitomycetidae

-4

. Subclass Myxogastromycetidae

12

:
-1 .

-2

Internally .

-3
-4

.
.

-5

. Myxogastroid type

-6

Phaneroplasmodium

:
Order : Liceales
-1
Order: Echinosteliales
-2
Order : Trichiales
-3
Order : Physarales
-4
Order Physarales
Family Physaraceae
-1
Family Didymiaceae
-2
Isogametes Zygotes
.

. Plasmodium
Subclass Stemonitomycetidae

Division Mastigomycota

:
Subdivision Haplomastigomycotion
-1
-2 Subdivision Diplomastigomycotiona

Whiplash
:

13

Class Chytridiomycetes
-1
-2 Class Hyphochytridiomycetes
Class Plasmodiophoromycetes
-3

Class Chytridiomycetes

.

:
Order Chytridiales
-1
Order Harpochytriales
-2
Order Blastocladiales
-3
Order Monoblepharidales
-4
Order Blastocladiales

14

Class Plasmodiophoromycetes

Hypertrophy
.
.

.

Subdivision Diplomastigomycotiona

)2( .

Whiplash Tinsel

.

Class Oomycetes

) (Sparrow 1967 :

-1

Order Saprolegniales

-2

Order Peronosporales

-3

. Order Liptomitales

-4

. Order Lagenidiales

-5

. Order Thraustochytriales

Order Saprolegniales
Family : Ectrogellaceae
-1
Family : Thraustochytriaceae
-2
Family : Haliphthoracea
-3
Family : Leptolegniellaceae
-4
Family : Saprolegniaceae
-5
Family Saprolegniaceae
Order Peronosporales

15

- .
:
Family : Pythiaceae
-1
Family : Peronosporaceae
-2
Family : Albuginaceae
-3
Family : Peronophythoraceae
-4
Family Pythiaceae

Family Peronosporaceae
Family Albuginaceae

Division Amastigomycota

.

.
.

) ( Zoospores or gametes .
:
Subdivision Zygomycotina
-1
Subdivision Ascomycotina
-2
subdivision Basidiomycotina
-3
subdivision Deuteromycotina
- 4

Subdivision Zygomycotina

) (

.
:
-1 ) (
-2 ) ( .

16

-3

Aplanospores

-4

Zygospores
.
-5 .
:
Order : Mycorales
-1
Order : Entomophthophthorales
-2
Order : Zoopagales
-3
Order Mucorales
) (Alexopoulos & mims 1979 400
45
Family Mucoraceae
-1
Family Pilovolaceae
-2
Family Thamnidiaceae
-3
Family Cunninghamellaceae
-4
Family Choanephoraceae
-5
Family Mortierellaceae
-6
Family Radiomycetaceae
-7
Family Syncephalastraceae
-8
Family Syksenaceae
-9
Family Piptocephalidaceae
-10
Family Helicocephalidaceae
-11
Order Entomophthorales
Family Entomophthoraceae

)( Class Ascomycetes
:

17

Sac Fungi
Fungal Species 25.000 30.000
1800

.
Asocarp
Cup fungi
Morels . Truffles
:

:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5 .
-6 .

-7

-8 .
50 250 :
Order Endomycetales
.1
Order Taphrinales
.2
Order Protomycetales
.3
Order Endomycetales

150 :
Family Ascoidaceae
-1
Family Dipodascaceae
-2
Family Endomycetaceae
-3
Family Saccharomycetaceaee
-4
Family Cephaloascaceae
-5
Family Spermophthoraceae
-6
Family Saccharomycetaceae

18

Order Taphrinales
Subclass Plectmycetidae
:
Order Ascosphaerales
-1
Order Elaphomycetales
-2
Order Onygenales
-3
Order Eurotiales
-4
Order microascales
-5
Order Eurotiales
:
Family Amorphothecaceae
-1
Family Eurotiaceae
-2
Family Thermoascceae
-3
Family Monascaceae
-4
Family Trichocmaceae
-5
Family Pseudoeurotiaceae
-6
Family Cephalothecaceae
-7
) ( Family Eurotiaceae

Subclass hymenoascomycetidae

:
Series : Pyrenomycetes
-1
-2 )( Series : Discomycetes
Series : Pyrenomycetes

:
Order Erysiphales
-1
Order Meliolales
-2
Order Xylariales
-3
Order Claticipitales
-4
Order Diaporthales
-5
Phyllactinia Type Centrum

19

Order Erysiphales

Family Erysiphaceae
Family Chaetomiaceae
Family Xylariaceae

Order Clavicipitales

Family Clavicipitaceae
Order hypocreales

:
Family Nectriaceae
-1
Family Hypocreaceae
-2
Family Hypomycetaceae
-3
Nectriaceaea Family
) ( Series Discomycetes

Order Phacidiales
-1
Order Ostropales
-2
Order hilotiales
-3
Order hilotiales
Family Sclerotiniaceae
-1
Family Dirmateaceae
-2
Family Geoglossacese
-3

:
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5

Family Sclerotiniaceae
Family Sarcoscyphaceae
Family Pizizaceae
Family Ascobolaceae
Family Morchellaceae
Family Helvellaceae

20

Family Pezizaceae
Family Ascobolaceae

Family Morchellaceae

Hypogeum Discomycetes
Order Tuverales
Family Tuberaceae
Subclass Loculoascomycetidae
Order Pleosporales
-1
Order Myriangiales
-2
Order Himiaphaeriales
-3
Order Hysterias
-4
Order Dothideales
-5
Order Pleosporales

Family Ventyriaceae

21

Subdivision Basidiomycotima

Class Basidiomycetes

20.000 25.000 550.



Basidiospores
Basidium
.
:
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .

-1 ) (Subclass : Holobasidiomycetedae
-2 )( Subclass : Phragmobasidiomycetidae
-3

Subclass Teliomycetidae

) ( : Subclass

:

-1

Series: Hymenomycetes

) (

-2

Series : Gasteromycetes

.
:
Series: Hymenomycetes
Order :Aphyllophorales
-1
Order Agaricales
-2


-3
-4
-5
-6

22

Order : Exobasidiaes
Order Dacrymycetales
Order Tulasnellales
Order Brachybasidiales

Order :Aphyllophorales

Family : Schizophyllaceae
-1
Family : Clavariaceae
-2
Family Cantharellaceae
-3
Family : Hydnaceae
-4
Family : Coniophoraceae
-5
Family : Polyporaceae
-6

Family : Schizophyllaceae
Family : Clavariaceae
Family Cantharellaceae
Family Coniophoraceae
Family Polyporaceae

Order Agaricales
:
Family Agaricaceae
-1
Family Coprinaceae
-2
Family Boletaceae
-3.
Family Amanitaceae
-4
Family Tricholomataceae
-5
Family Russulaceae
-6
Family Hygrophoraceae
-7
Family Lepiotaceae
-8
Family Volvariaceae
-9
Family Srophariaceae
-10
Family Cortinariaceae
-11

Series Gasteromycetes

23

Order Hymenogastrales
Order Phallales
Order Lycoperdales
:
Family Arachniaceae
-1
Family Mesophelliaceae
-2
Family Lycoperdaceae
-3
Family Geastraceae
-4
Order Nidulariales

-1

Family Nidulariaeae

-2

Family Sphaerobolaceae

Subclass Teliomycetidae

Subdivision Deuteromycotina

.
.
:
Form-class Deutermycetes Fungi Imperecti
.


.




.


.

24

:
-1 Form-subclass Blastomycetidae
Form-subclass Coelomycetidae
-2
-3 Form-subclass Hyphomycetidae
Form-subclass Blastomycetidae
Form-order Sphairopsidales
Form-family Sphaeropsidaeae
Form-family Nedctrioidaceae
Form-family Leptostromataceae
Form-family Eccipylaceae
phaeropsidaceae Form-family
Form-order Melanconiales
Form-family Melanconiaceae
Form-class Hyphomycetidae
Form-order Moniliales
Form-family Moniliaceae
Form-family Dematiaaceae
Form-order Agonomycetales