Give an account of the structures of the proteins insulin and collagen.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Consists of amino acids held together by peptide bonds (in either) ; Insulin is globular and collagen is fibrous ; Hydrogen bonds hold, secondary structure / (alpha) helix / beta strands, in shape (in either) ; R groups determine, tertiary / 3D, shape (in either) ; Reference to named type of bonding in tertiary structure ; Relatively small protein / 51 amino acids ; Reference to, alpha helix / beta sheet ; Two polypeptide chains / A chain and B chain ; Reference to disulphide bonds ; Reference to binding site for cell membrane receptor ; Relatively large protein / over 1000 amino acids ; 3 polypeptide chains / triple helix ; [ignore alpha here] Hydrogen bonds between chains ; Regular amino acid sequence / repeating sequence ; Molecules form (micro)fibres / cross-linking between molecules ;

Insulin

Collagen

When insulin molecules are formed they fold into a specific shape explain why all human insulin molecules fold into the same shape? 1. Reference to bonds between R groups ; 2. The R groups are always in the same position ; 3. Named bonds will always form in the same place ; 4. Reference to {hydrophilic groups on outside / hydrophobic groups on inside} ; Why the increase in the temperature decrease the length in the secondary structure polypeptide chain? 1. Reference to increase in kinetic energy at (55 C) ; 2. (More) vibrations within molecule ; 3. Therefore hydrogen bonds (holding -helix / -pleated sheet together)break/eq; 4. (Molecule) starts to unwind