9 Alarm and Error Handling

Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 0551 VT ZZA Ed.01

9.1

9 Alarm and Error Handling Session presentation

Objective: to be able to describe the way the alarms are managed in an SDH network program: 9.1 Communication Alarms 9.2 Alarm Indication Signal : AIS 9.3 Remote Defect Indication : RDI

9.4 Alarm and Error Processing within an NE 9.5 Explanation of Alarm and Error Codes 9.6 Alarm and Error Processing 9.7 Performance Monitoring : PM 9.8 Tandem Connections

9.2

9 Alarm and Error Handling Communication Alarms

SDH-Network PDH 140Mbit/s

ADM MSN DXC ADM MSN DXC Regenerator ADM MSN DXC

PDH 2 Mbit/s

9.3

9 Alarm and Error Handling Alarm Indication Signal - AIS

RSOH
1 1

1 1

1 1 1

MS - AIS

RSOH 1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1

AU - AIS

MSOH

RSOH AU-Pointer MSOH

1 P O H 1 1 1 1

TU AIS

9.4

9 Alarm and Error Handling Remote Defect Indication - RDI

...
1 1

K2

K2-Byte

MS-RDI
...
1

G1

G1-Byte

HP-RDI
V5
1

...

V5-Byte

LP-RDI

9.5

9 Alarm and Error Handling Alarm and Error Processing within a NE

Physical Section Layer
LOS A1/A2 J0 B1 K2 B2 M1 K2 LOF RS-TIM MS-AIS MS-AIS MS-BIP MS-REI MS-RDI AU-AIS AU-LOP AU-AIS Detection Generation

Regenerator Section Layer

Multiplex Section Layer

Higher Order Path Layer

Lower Order Path Layer

RS-BIP

C2
J1 B3 G1 G1

HP-UNEQ HP-TIM HP-BIP HP-REI HP-RDI TU-AIS TU-LOP TU-AIS

H4 C2 V5 J2 V5 V5 V5 V5

TU-LOM
TU-PLM

TU-AIS

LP-TIM LP-BIP LP-REI LP-RDI LP-PLM TU-AIS

PDH-AIS

9.6

9.7

9 Alarm and Error Handling Example Network

SDH-Network PDH 140Mbit/s

ADM MSN DXC ADM MSN DXC Regenerator ADM MSN DXC

PDH 2 Mbit/s

Regenerator Section
Multiplex Section

Regenerator Section

Regenerator Section

Multiplex Section Trail / Path

9.8

9 Alarm and Error Handling Alarm and Error Processing in a Regenerator

RS1 / MS1

RS1 / MS1

OS1 / RS1

OS1 / RS1

OS1

OS1

RS1

LOS LOF RS-TIM RS-BIP(PM) MS-AIS

MS-AIS RSOH 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

RS1

Detection Generation

9.9

9 Alarm and Error Handling Alarm and Error Processing in a Multiplexer: VC-4 Passthrough

RS1 / MS1

RS1 / MS1

OS1 / RS1
Detection
Generation

OS1 / RS1

MS1 / S4

MS1 / S4

MS1

MS1

MS-AIS MS-BIP (PM)

MS-REI (PM)
MS-RDI

OS1

OS1

RS1

RS1

S4

LOS LOF RS-TIM RS-BIP(PM) AU-AIS MS-AIS

AU-AIS RSOH 1 1

1
MSOH

1 1

1
1

9.10

9 Alarm and Error Handling Alarm and Error Processing in a Multiplexer: VC-4 Termination

MS1 / S4

S4 / S12

MS1

S4

S4

S12

AU-AIS TU-AIS

AU-AIS AU-LOP
HP-UNEQ HP-TIM HP-BIP (PM) HP-REI (PM) HP-RDI

TU-AIS TU-AIS

RSOH AU-Pointer
MSOH

1 P O H 1 1 1 1

Detection Generation

9.11

9 Alarm and Error Handling Alarm Processing via a complete Network: Path fault
2Mbit/s

NE A LO-passthrough

NE B HO-passthrough

NE C

LOS

Reg. F

Reg. E NE D

9.12

9 Alarm and Error Handling Alarm Processing via a complete Network: Reference fault
2Mbit/s

LOS
NE A LO-passthrough NE B HO-passthrough NE C

Reg. F

Reg. E NE D

9.13

9 Alarm and Error Handling PM Basics

Error checksum

Block size

max. number of block errors per second

B1 (RSOH)

STM-N

8.000

B2 (MSOH)

801 bits * N

192.000 * N (STM-N) 8.000

B3 (HP-POH)

VC-4 VC-3 VC-12 Multiframe

V5 (LP-POH)

2.000 8.000

9.14

9 Alarm and Error Handling Principles of data collection

Monitored seconds

Defects ?

Yes

No No
Anomalies ?

Yes
% EB >= 30 ?

Yes

No
cES = cES + 1 cES = cES + 1

cBBE = cBBE + EB(s)

cSES = cSES + 1

Extracted from G 826

End

9.15

9 Alarm and Error Handling Definition of Unavailability

t in sec

10 sec

< 10 sec

< 10 sec

10 sec

Unavailable Time (UAT)

Available Time

Begin of detection: ES := ES - 10 SES := SES - 10 UAS := UAS + 10 Inhibition of counters: ES / SES / (BBE)

End of detection: ES := ES + x SES := SES UAS := UAS - 10

SES ES which is not a SES Non errored second

9.16

9 Alarm and Error Handling Near End / Far End counters

STM-N with errors

NE A

NE B

STM-N with REI Far End Counters: FEBBE FEES FESES FEUAS

Near End Counters: BBE ES SES UAS

9.17

9 Alarm and Error Handling Why Tandem Connections

VCn-Path

Path Source

Path Sink

Domain 1

Domain 2

[total biterrors]

Inter Domain Link

Bit errors added in domain 2 Bit errors added between domain 1 and domain 2 Bit errors added in domain 1 Bit errors added before domain 1

Near end bit errors counted by path monitor (PM)

[location]

9.18

9 Alarm and Error Handling Function of Tandem Connections

VCn-Path TC 1 TC 12 TC 2

Path Source

Path Sink

Domain 1

Domain 2 Inter Domain Link

sk so sk so sk [total biterrors]

so

so: source sk: sink

Near end bit errors counted by Tandem Connections (TC)

[location]

9.19

9 Alarm and Error Handling Overhead Bytes used for Tandem Connections
Virtual Container (VC-4, VC-3)
J1 B3 C2 G1 F2 H4 F3 K3 N1

Payload

N1 used for TCs

Number of bit errors detected by TC source

REI

OEI

frame 1-8: frame 9-72: frame 73: frame 74: frame 75,76:

FAS 64*2 Bit= 16Byte TC-TI TC-RDI ODI all 0

9.20

9 Alarm and Error Handling Tandem Connection Termination: TCT

TC 1 (Egressing Tandem Connection)

BBE = 2 N1:=2
SDH port

BBE = 6 N1 = 2 NE_BBE := 6 - 2 =4
SDH port

N1=0

Path

SPI RST MST MSA

TC after Matrix TC after Matrix

SPI RST MST MSA

N1=0

Path
N1=0

SPI RST MST MSA

NE 1 NE x

SPI RST MST MSA

N1=0

Domain 1

9.21

9 Alarm and Error Handling Tandem Connection Monitoring: TCM

Before Matrix
TCm RX

After Matrix
TCm TX SPI RST MST MSA

TC

Path

SPI RST MST MSA

SDH Port

SDH Port

9.22

9 Alarm and Error Handling Evaluation

Objective: to be able to describe the way the alarms are managed in an SDH network

Thank you for answering the self-assessment of the objectives sheet

9.23