3

(... - . . )
,
.
y .
- 1:3, 1 y=3 .
:

;
,
() ,
. :

, + 1 ,1 + 2 , 2

1 2 - ;
,1 ,2 .
1
-

25%. ,
,=1.15 kg/dm3 ,=3.15 kg/dm3 m3
,=1.54 kg/dm3 ,=2.59 kg/dm3
1150 m2 8 cm.
=0.75.
fc=15
N/mm2(MPa). ,
wm,=6.2% ,..=1.27 kg/dm3.
:
y ,
25% - .. =1.25. 1 dm 3
() :

,
+ , = . y.1 ,
,
,
y :

,
+ ,
,

1.15
+ 0.75 *1.15
3
.
15
y=
=
= 2.42dm 3

1.54

.1 , 1.25.1
2.59

, 1 dm3 , y=2.668dm3
=0.75 :

V. =

1.54
1.15
+ , + y , =
+ 0.75 *1.15 + 2.42
= 2.668dm 3
, 3.15
2.59
,

1 m3 = 1000 dm3 :

V =

1000
= 374.8dm 3 ,
2.668

=374.8*,=431.03431 kg

0.75*431=323.25323 l

V = 2.42

75

1000
= 907.4dm 3 ,
2.668

(=0.75)

..

=V.o,p=907.4*1.54=1396.91397kg
1000 dm3:

++

431
1397
+ 323 +
= 136.83 + 323 + 539.38 = 999.2 1000dm 3
3.15
2.59

,
, Bolomey:

f c , = 0.4 f c ,cem 0.3

: fc, -=15 MPa, =0.75.

:

f c ,cem

f c, p p
15
= 36.3MPa
=
1

0.4 0.3 0.4

0.3
0.75

, - 36.3,
42.5 ( 52.5).
:
V-=1150*0.08=92m3
:
= 92*1397 = 128524 kg
:
V, =92*907.4=83480.8dm3
wm,=6.2%, :

6.2
w = 1 + = 1285241 +
= 136492kg
100
100
:

V.. =

,..

136492
= 107474.4dm 3
1.27

:
V..- V, = 107474.4 - 83480.8 = 23993.6 dm3
2
-
kg m3 990 m2
2 cm, 31 %
. 1m3 0.282 m3
. ,..=,..=1330 kg/m3,
,=1.45 kg/dm3 ,=2.62 kg/dm3.

 2.38 dm3 1kg .

, wm,=6.0% ,..=1.25 kg/dm3.

y ,
31% - .. =1.31. 1 dm3
:

, . .
+ = . y.1 ,
, . .
,
y :

, . .
+
, . .

1.33
+ 0.282
= 1.33
y=
= 2.19dm 3

1.45

.1 , 1.31.1
2.62

, 1 dm3 , y=2.35 dm3

=0.282 :

V. =

o,..
, 1.33
1.45
+ + y
=
+ 0.282+ 2.19
= 2.494dm3
,..
, 1.33
2.64

1 m3 = 1000 dm3 :
: V. . =

1000
= 400.96dm 3 ,
2.494

=V..,..= 400.96*1.33=533.3 533 kg

: = 0.282*400.96 = 113.1 113 l

V = 2.19

1000
= 878.1dm 3 ,
2.494

=V.o,p=878.1*1.45=1273.2 1273kg
1000 dm3:

, . .

++

1273
533
+ 113 +
= 400.96 + 113 + 485.88 = 999.84 1000dm 3
2.62
1.33

3
--

(, , )
1m3 - fc=2.5 N/mm2(MPa).
=0.76.
CEM II B-M/32.5N fc,cem=38.5 N/mm2(MPa),
,=1.05 kg/dm3 ,=2.90 kg/dm3.
,..=,..=1320 kg/m3. ,=1.55 kg/dm3
,=2.64 kg/dm3.
24%.
:
, 1m3
:

1000 f c , p p
K . f c ,cem

, kg

-, , =1.1 ; =0.9
; =0.7 .

1000 * 2.5
= 73.1 73kg
0.9 * 38.5

dm3 1m3- :

= 170(1 0.002 ) = 170(1 0.002 * 73) = 145.2dm 3

:

V =

73
= 69.5dm 3
1.05

:
= 69.5/145.2 = 0.4780.5
y ,
24% - .. =1.24.
1 dm3 0.5 dm3 :

, . .
+ x , + ( o,. . + , ) = . y.1 ,
, . .
,
,
y :

y=

,
, . .
+x
+ ( o ,. . + , )
, . .
,

.1

1.32
1.05
+ 0.5
+ 0.76(1.32 + 0.5 *1.05)
1
.
32
2
.
9
=
= 5.045 5dm 3
1.55
1.24.1

2.64

::: = 1 : 0.5 : 5 : 0.76.

, 1 dm3 , =0.5 dm3
, y=5dm3 =0.76 :

V. =

o,..

1.32
1.05
1.55
+ x , + (o,.. + , ) + y , =
+ 0.5
+ 0.76(1.32+ 0.5*1.05) + 5
= 5.52dm3
,..
, 1.32
2.9
2.64
,

1 m3 = 1000 dm3 :
: V. . =

1000
= 181.16dm 3 ,
5.52

=V..,..= 181.16*1.32=239.1239 kg
: V = 0.5

1000
= 90.58.8dm 3 , : = V., = 90.58*1.05 =
5.52

95.1 95 kg
76 % (=0.76) .. =
0.76(239+95) = 253.8 254 l

V = 5.045

1000
= 913.9dm 3 ,
5.52

=V.o,p=913.9*1.55=1416.6 1417kg
1000 dm3:

, . .

++

1417
239 95
+
+ 254 +
= 181.16 + 32.8 + 254 + 536.7 = 1004.7 1000dm 3
2.64
1.32 2.9

4
---

--- , ,
90% .
=0.78.
1m3 ,
:
- - ,=1.15 kg/dm3 ,=3.00 kg/dm3;
- - ,..=,..=1.25 kg/dm3;
- - ,=0.73 kg/dm3 ,=2.25 kg/dm3;
- - ,=1.57 kg/dm3 ,=2.61 kg/dm3;
,-=1.71 kg/dm3 -
: :=1:0.3:0.4.
:
y , ,
90%
- .. =0.9. ,
. 1 dm3 , 0.3 dm3 0.4 dm3 :

+ 1 ,. . + x2 , + ( o , . + 1 ,. . + 2 ,. ) = . y.1 ,
,
, . .
,
,
y :

y=

+ 1 ,. . + x2 , + ( o , . + 1 ,.. + 2 ,. )
,
, . .
,

.1

1.15
1.25
0.73
+ 0.3
+ 0.4
+ 0.78(1.15 + 0.3 *1.25 + 0.4 * 0.73)
1.25
2.25
= 3.0
= 6.715 6.7dm 3
1.57
0.91

2.61
, 1 dm3 , 0.3 dm3 , 0.4 dm3 ,
6.7 dm3 =0.78
:

V =

V =

, + 1 ,.. + x2 , + ( o,. + 1 ,.. + 2 ,. ) + y ,

, dm 3
,

1.15 + 0.3 *1.25 + 0.4 * 0.73 + 0.78(1.15 + 0.3 *1.25 + 0.4 * 0.73) + 6.7 *1.57
= 8.04dm 3
1.71

1 m3 = 1000 dm3 :

 : V =

1000
= 124.4dm 3 , : = V., = 124.4*1.15 = 143.1
8.04

143 kg
: V. . = 0.3

1000
= 37.3dm 3 ,
8.04

=V..,..= 37.3*1.25=46.6 47 kg
: V. = 0.4

1000
= 49.75dm 3 , = V.,. =
8.04

49.75*0.73 = 36.3 36 kg
78 % , (=0.78)
.. = 0.78(143 + 47 + 36 ) = 176.3 176 l

V = 6.7

1000
= 833.3dm 3 ,
8.04

=V.o,p=833.3*1.57=1308.3 1308kg
5

1m3
( ),
20%,
19%.
:
- - ,.=,.=1.05 kg/dm3;
- - ,=1.3 kg/dm3
,=2.6 kg/dm3;
- - ,=1.49 kg/dm3 ,=2.59 kg/dm3;
.

y1 ,
20% .. 1
dm3 :

, .
= 1. y1.1 ,

,.
,

y1 :

, .
1.05
, .
1.05
=
= 1.67dm3
y1 =
1.3

1 1 , 1.21
2.6

, 1 dm3 y1= 1.67 dm3

:

V. =

o,.
1.05
1.3
+ y , =
+1.67 = 1.835dm3
2.6
,.
, 1.05

1 m3 = 1000 dm3 :

 : V . =

1000
= 544.96dm3 , = V..,.=
1.835

544.96*1.05 = 572.2 572 kg

: V = 1.67

1000
= 910.08dm3 ,
1.835

=V.o,= 910.08*1.30 =1183.2 1183kg

1000 dm3:

, .

572 1183
+
= 544.96 + 455.0 = 999.96 1000dm3
1.05 2.6

:
,. = , = 572 + 1183 = 1758 kg/m3
0 :
572 : 1183 = 0.484
y2 ,
19% - .. 2 = 1.19. 1 dm3
:

, . .
= 2 . y2 .1 ,
, . .
,
y2 :

, . .
1.758
, . .
1.758
=
= 1.979dm3
y2 =
1.49
,

1.191
1 1

2
.
59

, 1 dm3 y2=
1.979 dm3 :

V. =

o,..

1.758
1.49
+ y2 , =
+1.979
= 2.138dm3
2.59
,..
, 1.758

1 m3 = 1000 dm3 :
: V. =

1000
= 467.72dm3 ,
2.138

=V..,..= 467.72*1.758 = 822.26 822 kg

- 1m3 0.001*467.72*544.96 = 254.89 dm3,
254.89 * 1.05 = 267.63 268 kg;
- 1m3
0.001*467.72*910.08 = 425.65 dm3, 425.65 * 1.3 = 553.35
553 kg;

V = 1.979

1000
= 925.63dm3 ,
2.138

=V.o,p=925.63*1.49=1379.19 1279kg
1000 dm3:

,.

268 553 1379

+
+
= 255.23 + 212.69 + 532.43 = 1000.35 1000dm3
1.05 2.6 2.59