Mon hoc He ieu Hanh

Tong quan Khai niem ve qua trnh

ong bo va giai quyet tranh chap

Deadlock va phng cach giai quyet nh thi bieu cho qua trnh Bo nh thc

Ky thuat bo nh ao
Thay the trang Quan ly nhap xuat He thong file He ieu hanh Unix He ieu hanh Windows

Thong tin can biet

Tai lieu tham khao

[1] Silberschatz et al, Operating System Concepts, 6th Ed., 2002 [2] Silberschatz et al, Operating System Principles, 7th Ed., 2006 [3] A. Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems, Prentice Hall, 2nd Ed., 2001

iem mon hoc

thi gia ky thi cuoi ky bai tap ln bai tap va thc hanh 20%, 60 phut 50%, 90 phut 20% 10%

Lien lac
Le Ngoc Minh minhle@cse.hcmut.edu.vn Phone: 8.647.256(5840)

(Tap slide nay co s dung slide t cac nguon khac.)

Chng 1: Tong Quan

Gii thieu
Cau truc luan ly cua he thong may tnh

nh ngha he ieu hanh

Cac chc nang chnh cua he ieu hanh

Qua trnh phat trien

May tnh ln (mainframe system)
May e ban (desktop system) a x ly (multiprocessor system) Phan bo (distributed system) Thi gian thc (real-time system) Cam tay (handheld system)
3

nh ngha

He ieu hanh la g?
Phan mem trung gian gia phan cng may tnh va ngi s dung, co chc nang ieu khien phan cng va cung cap cac dch vu c ban cho cac ng dung Ngi dung

Cac ng dung He ieu Hanh Phan cng

Muc tieu
Giup ngi dung de dang s dung he thong Quan ly va cap phat tai nguyen he thong mot cach hieu qua [yeu to kinh te]

Cac thanh phan cua he thong may tnh

1.1 Fig 1.1

Cac chc nang chnh cua OS

Phan chia thi gian x ly tren CPU (nh thi) Phoi hp va ong bo hoat ong gia cac qua trnh Quan ly tai nguyen he thong hieu qua

Kiem soat qua trnh truy cap, bao ve he thong

Duy tr s nhat quan cua he thong, kiem soat loi va phuc hoi he thong khi co loi xay ra

Cung cap giao dien lam viec thuan tien cho ngi dung
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Lch s phat trien

May tnh ln (mainframe)
X ly bo (batch, 1960)

a chng (multiprogrammed, 1970)

a nhiem (time-sharing, multitasking; 1970)

Lch s phat trien

(Mainframe) Batch system, 1960

I/O: card uc lo, bang t (tape), line printer Can co ngi van hanh (operator) Giam setup time bang cach ghep nhom (batching) cong viec (job)

Vd: ghep cac cong viec cung s dung trnh bien dch Fortran

T ong nap lan lt cac cong viec t card reader

Lch s phat trien (tt)

(Mainframe) Batch system n gian

Uniprogramming Khi mot job thc thi xong, quyen ieu khien tr ve he ieu hanh (resident monitor) Resident monitor oc job ke tiep t card reader vao bo nh Thc thi job cho en khi xong

resident monitor

user job

Layout bo nh

Mainframe computer in 1967

10

Lch s phat trien he ieu hanh (tt)

(Mainframe) Multiprogrammed system

Nhieu job c gi ong thi trong bo nh CPU thc thi luan phien gia cac job trong bo nh Tan dung c thi gian ranh, tang hieu suat s dung CPU Yeu cau oi vi he ieu hanh nh thi job nh thi CPU Quan ly bo nh (memory management) Cap phat tai nguyen (a, may in,) Bao ve

1.2.2

11

Lch s phat trien he ieu hanh (tt)

12

Lch s phat trien he ieu hanh (tt)

(Mainframe) Time-sharing system Multiprogrammed system khong cung cap kha nang tng tac hieu qua vi user CPU thc thi luan phien gia cac cong viec

Moi cong viec c chia mot phan nho thi gian CPU (time slice, quantum time) Cung cap tng tac gia user va he thong vi thi gian ap ng (response time) nho (1 s)

Computer terminal, 1982

1.2.3 13

Lch s phat trien he ieu hanh (tt)

Yeu cau oi vi OS trong he thong time-sharing

Quan ly bo nh Virtual memory Quan ly cac qua trnh nh thi CPU ong bo cac qua trnh (synchronization) Giao tiep gia cac qua trnh (process communication) Van e deadlock Quan ly he thong file, he thong lu tr (memory system) Cap phat hp ly cac tai nguyen Bao ve

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Lch s phat trien he ieu hanh (tt)

May e ban (desktop system, personal computer)

Nhieu thiet b I/O: ban phm, chuot, man hnh, may in, Phuc vu ngi dung n le Muc tieu chnh cua OS Thuan tien cho user va kha nang tng tac cao Khong can toi u hieu suat s dung CPU va thiet b ngoai vi Nhieu he ieu hanh khac nhau MS Windows, Mac OS, Unix, Linux, 1981: IBM 5150

15

Lch s phat trien he ieu hanh (tt)

He thong song song (parallel, multiprocessor, hay tightly-coupled system)

Nhieu CPU Chia se computer bus, clock u iem
System

thi tiet) Multiprocessor system t ton kem hn multiple single-processor system: v co the dung chung tai nguyen (a,) o tin cay: khi mot processor hong th cong viec cua no c chia se gia cac processor con lai

throughput: cang nhieu processor th cang nhanh xong cong viec ( d oan

1.4

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Lch s phat trien he ieu hanh (tt)

Phan loai he thong song song

a x ly oi xng (symmetric multiprocessor SMP) Moi processor van hanh mot identical copy cua he ieu hanh Cac copy giao tiep vi nhau khi can a x ly bat oi xng (asymmetric multiprocessor) Moi processor thc thi mot cong viec khac nhau Master processor nh thi va phan cong viec cho cac slave processor

1.4

17

Lch s phat trien he ieu hanh (tt)

He thong phan bo (distributed system, loosely-coupled system)

Moi processor co bo nh rieng, cac processor giao tiep qua cac kenh noi nh mang, bus toc o cao, leased line Ngi dung ch thay mot he thong n nhat u iem Chia se tai nguyen (resource sharing) Chia se sc manh tnh toan (computational sharing) o tin cay cao (high reliability) o san sang cao (high availability): cac dch vu cua he thong c cung cap lien tuc cho du mot thanh phan hardware tr nen hong

1.5

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Lch s phat trien he ieu hanh (tt)

He thong phan bo (tt) Cac mo hnh he thong phan bo

Client-server Server: cung cap dch vu Client: co the s dung dch vu cua server

1.5.1, 1.5.2

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Lch s phat trien he ieu hanh (tt)

He thong phan bo Cac mo hnh he thong phan bo (tt)

Peer-to-peer (P2P) Cac peer (may tnh trong he thong) eu ngang hang nhau Khong da tren c s d lieu tap trung Cac peer la t tr Vd: mang gnutella, mot mang trong Internet e chia se file

1.5.1, 1.5.2

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Lch s phat trien he ieu hanh (tt)

He thong thi gian thc (real-time system)

ieu khien trong xe hi, day chuyen cong nghiep, Rang buoc ve thi gian: ap ng cua he thong phai thoa thi han (deadline) e x ly bien co (event)

Phan loai
Hard real-time
ieu
Do

khien may no, anti-lock braking system (ABS), airbag trong xe hi, robotics,

han che (hoac khong co) bo nh th cap, tat ca d lieu nam trong bo nh chnh (RAM hoac ROM) cau ve thi gian ap ng/x ly rat nghiem ngat reality

Yeu

Soft real-time
Multimedia, virtual Yeu

cau mem deo hn ve thi gian ap ng

1.7 21

Lch s phat trien he ieu hanh (tt)

Thiet b cam tay (handheld system)

Apple iPhone 4 (2010) Apple A4 processor ~800 MHz He ieu hanh iOS 512 MByte RAM Multi-touch-widescreen-display 32 GB flash drive 3G, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth Camera, audio Sensors: three-axis gyro, accelerometer, proximity sensor, ambient light sensor Gia thanh (san xuat va vat lieu): ~188 USD

1.8

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Why study Operating Systems?

Build, modify, or administer an operating system Understand system performance

Behavior of OS impacts entire machine Challenge to understand large, complex system Tune workload performance Apply knowledge across many areas Computer architecture, programming languages, data structures and algorithms, and performance modeling

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