[] voiced velar fricative [x] voiceless velar fricative (in loch) [] /h/ in hue or hitachi [] glottal stop in button

[bn] Aspiration [ph] /ph, th, kh/ [phei] pay [theik] take [khb] cab [pht] apart [thk] attack [spi] spring At the end of a phrase [khb] Before a voiceless obstruent or devoiced obstruent [bd kt] [dgz] Devoicing obstruents following voiceless fricatives (sometimes) [fend] [swi:t] [ed] Voicing [t] Lip rounding/ labialisation [kwu:] Dark L [] occurs at the end of syllables Nasalisation [] straw [st ] bottle [btl] w could [k d] can [kn] occurs at the end of syllables leaf [li:f] middle [md] milk [mk] Likely with a front vowel near a nasal consonant [:nt] aunt [kajns] kindness [smfni] symphony

Devoicing /b, z, /

Dentalisation [t] Palatalisation [tj]

Velararisation [t] Laminal [t] Apical [t]

[wt] [ten z] [prdjus] [prus] [tju:b] [tju:b] [u:b] In contrast to apical below fiddle [fd] catalogue [ktlg] puzzle [pz]