Chapter 44 Sample Questions A necropsy (postmortem analysis) of a marine sea star that died after it was mistakenly placed

in fresh water would likely show that it died because A) it was stressed and needed more time to acclimate to the new conditions. B) it was so hyperosmotic to the fresh water that it could not osmoregulate. C) the sea star's kidneys could not handle the change in ionic content presented by the fresh water. D) its contractile vacuoles ruptured. E) its cells dehydrated and lost the ability to metabolize.

Gas exchange in insects takes place across the epithelium of the tracheae (a system of tubes). The tracheal system connects to the outside air by openings called spiracles. Muscles just inside each spiracle can control the opening to minimize water loss. What would happen if the muscles inside each spiracle were unable to function? A) The insect would be unable to eliminate carbon dioxide. B) The insect would increase water consumption. C) Respiration in the insect would function normally. D) Paralysis would result. What role do chloride cells play in osmoregulation of marine fish with bony skeletons? A) They actively transport chloride into the gills. B) They mediate the movement of salt from seawater through their gills. C) They are involved in excretion of excess salt. D) They actively transport salt across the basolateral membrane of the rectal gland. If you are hiking through the desert for several days, one would pack which of the following to ensure proper hydration? A) a drink with a combination of water and electrolytes B) caffeinated beverages C) bottled water kept at room temperature D) bottled water that had been frozen to ensure that it would be as cold as possible Glucose is removed in the proximal convoluted tubules. Therefore, glucose is not expected to be found in a normal urine sample. However, glucose is found in the urine of diabetics. Why is this the case? A) More glucose can pass into the nephron because the concentration of the glucose in the blood is very high. B) The transport of glucose from the pre-urine back to the blood cannot occur at a rate fast enough to remove all of the glucose from the urine. C) Glucose is passing from the blood surrounding the nephron and into the pre-urine.

D) Diabetics have active transport of glucose from the blood into the pre-urine when blood glucose levels become very high.