Cc bn thng tin tm tt ca CIFOR cung cp cc thng tin khoa hc ngn gn chnh xc v cc ch hin ti trong nghin cu lm nghip S 44, Thng

g 1 nm 2012

CIFOR

www.cifor.org

Quy m no l ph hp cho REDD?

Arild Angelsen, Charlotte Streck, Leo Peskett, Jessica Brown v Cecilia Luttrell

Kt qu ca nhng cch tip cn quc gia, a phng v lngghp

Cc ni dung chnh
Ba xut v cp hoc quy m a l cho vic hch ton v khuyn khch REDD hin vn ang trong qu trnh tho lun: h tr trc tip cho cc d n (cp a phng), cho cc nc (cp quc gia), hoc lng ghp c hai hnh thc. Tip cn a phng hay tip cn d n c th to iu kin cho ngi dn tham gia rng ri ngay t ban u v c sc hp dn i vi cc nh u t t nhn. Tuy nhin, n c th to ra r r (tng lng kh pht thi bn ngoi ranh gii vng d n) v khng gii quyt c cc nguyn nhn su xa ca nn ph rng v suy thoi rng. Tip cn quc gia cho php thc hin cc chnh sch su rng hn, gii quyt c vn r r cc b v to quyn s hu trong nc. Tuy vy, trong tng lai ngn v trung hn, cch tip cn ny ch kh thi mt vi quc gia, do n kh c th t hiu qu trong nhng trng hp m qun l nh nc d tht bi ; v n cng kh vn ng c u t t khu vc t nhn hay khuyn khch s tham gia ca chnh quyn a phng. Tip cn lng ghp l mt c ch kh thi hn c. N cho php cc nc trin khai REDD thng qua cc hot ng a phng v tin dn theo hng tip cn quc gia, hoc c hai hnh thc ny song hnh trong mt h thng m trong cc khon tn dng REDD c to ra bi c cc d n v cc c quan chnh ph, nh nng cao hiu qu tim nng ca c hai cch tip cn. Tuy nhin, kh khn ca tip cn ny l phi phi hp hi ha c c hai cp .

Gim pht thi do ph rng v suy thoi rng (REDD) l mt c ch ti chnh c xut khuyn khch cc n lc gim pht thi trong ngnh lm nghip cc nc ang pht trin. REDD s c th tr thnh mt b phn ca mt iu c quc t v kh hu v iu ny ang c tho lun trong khun kh Cng c Khung ca Lin Hip Quc v Bin i Kh hu (UNFCCC). Cu hi chnh c t ra khi tho lun l quy m hch ton c th thc hin v mc khuyn khch c th p dng vi cc hot ng REDD. Liu c nn gii hn vic hch ton quc t cc hot ng cp a phng (hoc d n), hay vic gim pht thi cp quc gia, hay c hai (tip cn lng ghp) khng? Vic la chn cp hoc quy m a l cho vic hch ton v cp tn dng cho REDD s tc ng su sc n hiu qu, hiu sut v s cng bng ca c ch REDD (xem Hnh 1).

Ba phng n la chn quy m cho vic thc hin REDD

Tip cn a phng
Theo hng tip cn a phng, cc hot ng REDD s din ra trong mt phm vi a l xc nh hoc quy m d n, do c nhn, cng ng, t chc phi chnh ph, cng ty t nhn, chnh quyn trung ng hoc a phng tin hnh. i vi c 3 hng tip cn, vic phn b tn dng cho cc hot ng REDD cn tun theo nhng quy tc c quc t tha nhn v gim st, bo co v xc minh (MRV), mt h thng th ch v thanh ton c cp quc gia (mt c quan c thm quyn cp trung ng hoc tng ng c ch nh ph duyt tt c cc d n)

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Th hi n nh ng ng i mua tn d ng REDD

Ti p c n a phng

Ti p c n qu c gia

Ti p c n l ng ghp

Hnh 1. Ba gii php la chn cho vic hch ton v phn b tn dng REDD (cc ng mi tn th hin dng tin t nhng ngi mua quc t v lung thng tin xut pht t cc thc th a phng

cng nh mt cp quc t (vi mt c quan gim st v mt d n tp trung, v ng k tn dng). Nhng th thc v th tc c xy dng cho C ch Pht trin Sch (CDM) theo Ngh nh th Kyoto c th c coi l m hnh mu cho vic thit lp th ch thc hin REDD a phng. C ch CDM cho php cc nc pht trin (Ph lc I) thc hin vic bi hon cho lng kh nh knh m h thi ra bng vic h tr cc d n gim pht thi cc nc ang pht trin. Trong ngnh lm nghip, hin ch c cc d n trng mi v trng li rng l p ng c yu cu ny, nhng n nay cng mi ch c mt d n c ph duyt. C ch CDM c p dng thnh cng hn trong nhiu ngnh khc, c bit l ngnh nng lng vi gi tr ca th trng chnh nm 2007 l 7,4 t USD (Hamilton et al. 2008). Nguyn nhn chm tr ca cc d n CDM A/R l do cc lut l, phng php lun phc tp cng vi ph ng k khin chi ph giao dch tng cao; cc khon tn dng tm thi t cc d n khng c kh nng chuyn nhng; v vic loi nhng khon tn dng ny ra khi H thng Thng mi Kh thi ca EU (ETS). Hin nay ETS l th trng carbon ln nht vi tng gi tr 50 t USD nm 2007 chim 78% kim ngch trao i carbon ton cu (Hamilton et al. 2008).

Mt v d khc v tip cn a phng l cc d n ngn chn ph rng hot ng trn th trng carbon t nguyn. Cc giao dch trn th trng carbon t nguyn t kim ngch 330 t USD vo nm 2007, chim cha y 5% gi tr th trng CDM chnh. 80% giao dch trn th trng carbon t nguyn c s tham gia ca nhng ngi mua t nhn (Hamilton et al. 2008). Nhn vo cc thnh cng ca CDM cc ngnh khc, c cu t chc hin ti ca n v nhng kh khn m mt s nc c th gp phi khi trin khai cch tip cn quc gia i vi REDD, mt s thnh vin Cng c UNFCCC s cho rng c ch kiu d n cn c lng vo khun kh REDD ton cu. Vic a REDD vo CDM cng ang c tho lun trong cc cuc m phn v giai on hu 2012 trong khun kh Ngh nh th Kyoto (iu 3.9), cho d nhng thnh cng t i ca cc d n A/R cho thy cch tip cn REDD da trn d n s khng d gip nhn rng m hnhCDM.

Tip cn quc gia

Hu ht cc h s trnh ca cc quc gia ln UNFCCC u ng h tip cn quc gia i vi REDD. iu ny phn nh nhng kinh nghim trc y v tip cn d n, trong hin tng r r v chi ph giao dch cao l nhng vn ng quan ngi. Tip cn quc gia cng gii quyt c cc

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Tip cn quc gia ph hp hn vi vic gii quyt cc ng c su xa hn dn n ph rng v suy thoi rng: t rng lm nng ry ti Riau, Indonesia (nh: Ryan Woo)

vn ch quyn v tha nhn rng cuc chin chng nn ph rng i hi nhng thay i ln v chnh sch v nh vy, n c tim nng gim pht thi trn quy m ln hn. Cc chnh ph ng h tip cn quc gia d nh thnh lp mt h thng MRV quc gia v sau s thng cho cc mc gim pht thi tng ng vi mt mc tham chiu nh sn. Vic gim pht thi c th thc hin nh phn b cc khon tn dng carbon trao i c trn c s cc khon ti chnh chuyn giao t mt qu ton cu hay nhng c ch khc. S khng c khon tn dng no c cp ra th trng quc t cho cc hot ng gim pht thi quy m a phng. Ty theo iu kin ring, mi nc tham gia s phi chu trch nhim thc hin cc chnh sch v bin php gim pht thi do ph rng v suy thoi rng trn ton lnh th nhm c c cc khon tr cp quc t, trong c th bao gm mt h thng cung cp tn dng (chi tr dch v mi trng PES) cho cc cng ng a phng.

Tip cn lng ghp

Do s a dng v bi cnh quc gia, mt s ngi xut tch hp cc hot ng a phng vo mt khun kh hch ton cp quc gia thng qua mt tip cn lng ghp (ln u tin c Pedroni et al. trnh by mt cch c h thng vo nm 2007). Cc quc gia c th bt tay vo cc hot ng REDD bt k cp no. Cc quc gia c th khi ng cp a phng v sau m rng ra ton quc khi m nng lc v hiu qu qun l nh nc ca h c nng cao. Vic chuyn tip sang tip cn quc gia l bt buc, c th l khi n mt thi hn c thng nht trc hoc khi cc d n REDD c trin khai trn mt t l (%) din tch rng c th c tha thun, ty theo hn no n trc. Mc d vic chuyn tip sang tip cn quc gia l bt buc, nhng vn c th phn b tn dng cho cc hot ng d n n l trong tip cn quc gia. V th, tip cn lng ghp c hai c im ring. Th nht, quy m c th m rng theo thi gian t cp a phng ln cp quc gia. Th hai, cc quc gia c th la chn hch ton v nhn tn dng

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Hp 1. Hng tip cn lng ghp vn hnh nh thno

Mt d n d nh gim pht thi 1000 tn CO2 trong mt giai on hch ton no . Tng mc gim ca quc gia (tng s n carbon) trong giai on ny l 5000 tn. Khon n tng ng 1000 tn c phn b cho d n s c thanh ton t tng s tn dng ca quc gia. phng s r r cp d n, chi ph MRV v nguy c khng n nh (lng kh thi tng lai c th cao hn), chnh ph c th gi li mt phn s tn dng carbon giao v d n. Bng cch y, chnh ph v d n c th tha thun rng d n s nhn 70% s tn dng c to ra, cn chnh ph gi 30%. Trong kch bn nh vy, d n s gi 700 khon tn dng v chnh ph cn 4300.

quc t ng thi c hai cp : a phng v quc gia. Ngoi ra, cng mt thi im, cc nc khc nhau c th s dng cc c ch cp tn dng khc nhau. Theo hng lng ghp ny, th tc MRV v cc mc tham chiu cn phi hi ha gia cc cp quc gia v cp a phng. Vic chia s s lng tn dng gia 2 cp ny c th c m hnh ha da trn C ch ng thc hin theo Ngh nh th Kyoto. Sau mi giai on hch ton, quc gia s phi khu tr ton b s lng tn dng cp a phng nhn v cam kt ch thc hin trong tng s tn dng quc gia phn nh mc gim pht thi ton quc (xemhp1). Nu cp quc gia khng to ra c li ch v mt carbon th nhng hot ng c kim chng v xc minh c lp cp a phng s vn c thanh ton.

Tip cn a phng cho php s tham gia rng ri hn ca cc cng ng a phng v c sc hp dn hn i vi cc nh u t t nhn: nh gi cnh quan a ngnh, Ty Papua, Indonesia (nh: Manuel Boissiere)

nh gi cc hng tip cn
Hiu qu
i vi cc mc tiu v hiu qu carbon v gim kh pht thi, c s khc bit r rng gia 3 hng tip cn 3 gc chnh: (i) kh nng gii quyt vn r r; (ii) mc tham gia vn s nh hng n kh nng gim pht thi tng th s t c; v (iii) vic ci cch chnh sch ni chung vn s nh hng n chiu su, chi ph v s n nh ca vic gim pht thi. V tim nng, phm vi a l ca tip cn quc gia v tip cn lng ghp ln hn kh nhiu so vi phm vi ca tip cn a phng, nh vy c th gii quyt c vn r r cc b trong qu trnh hch ton v t c hiu qu cao hn (M-Co, Bo co T vn 2008). Tuy nhin, hin nay hu ht cc nc ang pht trin cha kh nng tham gia

theo hng tip cn quc gia v thiu c s h tng MRV v iu ny lm pht sinh vn r r quc t. Tuy vy, tnh linh hot ca tip cn lng ghp cho php hu ht cc quc gia c th tham gia sm hn v nh vy gim thiu (nhng cng khng th loi b hon ton) s r r quc t. Ci cch quyn hng dng t v ci tin qun tr l nh l nhng th d v hnh ng c th tr thnh nhn t chnh trong mt chin lc REDD quc gia. Tuy nhin, nh hng ca chng s kh quy v cc khu vc a l c th. Mt khc, nhng ci cch nh vy ni chung thng vt qu phm vi ca cc tip cn a phng hay tip cn theo d n. V th, tip cn quc gia c th s khuyn khch cc chnh sch c tnh chin lc v bao qut hn, em n kt qu su rng v lu di hn v gim pht thi. Cc nh u t khu vc t nhn c th lng l khi tr tin cho cc hot ng gim pht thi quy m quc gia v thng la chn u t vo cc khu rng c th cc a bn d n, tc l cc khu rng c lin h trc tip vi vic gim pht thi cng nh cc li ch khc, chng hn nh a

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dng sinh hc v xa i gim ngho. H t quan tm u t vo nhng khon chi tr xa vi cp trung ng v h kh kim sot c cc ri ro c th xy ra ti quc gia ni h u t. iu ny s khin cho s tham gia ca quc gia cng kh khnhn.

Hiu sut
Hiu sut chi ph ca cc hng tip cn REDD vi quy m khc nhau c th b nh hng bi 3 loi chi ph: (i) chi ph MRV; (ii) chi ph thc hin chnh sch; v (iii) hiu sut trong thanh ton chi ph c hi. Pht trin h tng MRV quc gia c th to hiu qu kinh t ng k v mt quy m. iu ny c ngha l hng tip cn quc gia c th em li hiu sut cao hn v chi ph trn mi n v gim pht thi i--xt cc-bon hoc trn mt n v din tch. V d, tip cn quc gia thun ty khng nht thit i hi phi tch s liu n cp tnh v cp huyn, nh gim c kch thc mu (s tiu chun) cn theo di. Hng tip cn lng ghp i hi nhiu chi ph hn v phi theo di v hch ton c cp quc gia v a phng. Yu t th hai nh hng n hiu sut l chi ph thc hin chnh sch REDD. Vic thc hin mt h thng theo di tn dng chi cho cc n v a phng (h thng PES quc gia) s lm pht sinh chi ph ng k d n vi cc c quan trung ng, kim chng v xc minh cng nh qun l cc hp ng. Tnh kinh t ca cc quy m khc nhau cng nghing v vic thc hin cp quc gia. Tuy nhin, mt h thng trn ton quc c th c tim nng gim pht thi nhiu hn vi chi ph thp hn, nhng n cng c th lm gim hiu sut do t quan liu v tham nhng. Hng tip cn a phng c th tn nhiu chi ph hn cho cc giao dch ni chung trn mi n v gim pht, nhng li c th hot ng vi hiu sut cao hn nh quy m nh hn v kh nng c qun l bi cc thc th t nhn c kinh nghim trong cc c ch th trng carbon v lun u tin cho cho ph v hiu qu. Cch tip cn quc gia c th bao gm nhng ci cch su rng v vic thc hin cc ci cch ny nhiu khi s tn km hn so vi vic thc hin cc chnh sch kiu PES. Trong mt s trng hp, cc ci cch c th cng l c hi tit kim chi ph, chng hn nh qua vic xa b cc hnh thc tr gi cho cc hot ng c nguy c lm gia tng ph rng v suy thoi rng.

Cc chi ph c hi ca vic bo tn rng (in hnh l li tc t nng nghip v khai thc g m t rng em li) m nhng ngi s hu quyn s dng rng thu c cng rt khc nhau. Nu bi thng cho ngi c quyn s dng ng theo cc chi ph c hi c th ca h, th chi ph chung s gim ng k. Theo kt qu nghin cu Brazil, cc tc gi Brner v Wunder (2008) c tnh mc tit kim chi ph ca cc khon chi tr c hch ton chi tit mt cch hon ho so vi vic bi thng mt mc c nh dao ng t 45-75%. S thit thc hn nu a vic hch ton chi tit cho cc khon chi tr vo cc tip cn a phng v c th vo mt phn ca tip cn lng ghp, do vic thc hin n mt h thng quc gia s rt tn km. Thc t cho thy khng d loi b nhng hot ng khng c tnh b tr (dn n nhng khon chi khng hiu qu) nh v d i vi h thng PES quc gia Costa Rica (Karousakis 2007). a dng ha cc mc chi tr l iu kh thi trong h thng quc gia, nhng s c s nh i gia vic thanh ton chi tr cho chi ph c hi vi cc chi ph giao dch, v cng c th l nh i gia vic thanh ton chi ph

Tip cn lng ghp c th linh hot hn trong vic gii quyt cc yu cu trong tng bi cnh c th: lm nghip cng ng Cam-pu-chia (nh: Cecilia Luttrell)

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Bng 1. u nhc im ca cc cch tip cn

M hnh REDD Tiu ch Hiu qu + C s tham gia rng ri trong thi gianngn + Hp dn i vi nh u t t nhn Tip cn a phng Vn r r cc b Khng to cho nhng thay i cn thit v chnh sch t c s tham gia ca cp qucgia + Chi ph MRV v chi ph giao dch tnh trn lng CO2 quy i thp hn + C sn cc chnh sch tit kim (phi PES) Cc chnh sch v n lc qun l nh nc c th tht bi C th chuyn nhng vi khi lng lnhn D lng ghp vi cc chin lc pht trin ca quc gia C li cho cc nc thu nhp trung bnh C nguy b thao tng bi tng lp trn trong x hi (quc hu ha quyncarbon) Hiu sut Chi ph MRV nhn chung thp hn, nhng li cao hn tnh trn lng CO2 quy i + Chi tr cc khon h tr c hch ton chi tit: gim chi ph Cng bng v ng li ich Cc nc ngho, ni m qun l nh nc t hiu qu, vn tham gia d dng C th hng n ngi ngho v to nhiu c hi cho s tham gia ca cngng

+ C th trin khai ng b cc chnh sch rng hn Tip cn quc gia + Gii quyt c vn r r cc b + Quc gia ni thc hin REDD c t chhn Cc vn cha c gii quyt v mc tham chiu

+ Kt hp u im ca c 2 hng tip cntrn Tip cn lng ghp + Linh hot theo bi cnh ring tngnc + C th chuyn nhng vi khi lng lnhn Cc vn cha c gii quyt v mc tham chiu

+ C c cc chnh sch v chi tr bi thng c hch ton chi tit v ct gim chi tiu tngth Chi ph MRV cao (v i hi phi bc tch chi tit s liu qucgia) Kh khn trong vic iu ha gia 2 cp quc gia v aphng

+ Tng kh nng tham gia cho quc gia cng nh chuyn nhng vi khi lng ln hn cho cc nc ngho + C th hng ti cc nhm i tng ngho

c hi vi cc mong mun v tnh cng bng, do nhiu khi cc i tng hng quyn thuc nhm ngho nht li c chi ph c hi thp nht.

nng lc v cng c th ch quc gia, v gc chung hn l tng cng hiu qu qun l v trch nhim gii trnh ca cc quc gia bo m cho nhng nc ngho nht cng iu kin thamgia. i vi tnh cng bng trong phm vi quc gia, tip cn quc gia mang tnh tp trung c th lm hn ch s tham gia ca cng ng nng thn vo vic thit k v thc hin REDD. iu ny c th gy ra s bt bnh ng trong phn chia li ch cng nh qu trnh quc hu ha cc quyn v carbon. Cc dng ti chnh ln v mi c th lm tng nn tham nhng v thao tng nh nc, khin cho ngi ngho cng kh hng li. Cc chnh ph cng ch pha trn thng tin c sy cho tin trnh n phng ra quyt nh. (Foti et al. 2008), v t quan tm n vic dnh ra cc khon h tr bo m s tham gia rng ri ca a phng vo tin trnh REDD. Do , cch tip cn quc gia c nguy c to ra cc kt qu bt bnh ng t cc tin trnh

S cng bng
Mt c ch REDD nu ch p dng tip cn quc gia s c c th khng ph hp vi hu ht cc nc c thu nhp thp do h khng c c s h tng dnh cho MRV trong khi hiu qu qun l nh nc cn thp. V th, dng tin quc t c th s b ht v pha cc nc c thu nhp trung bnh nh Brazil chng hn. Tuy vy, hng tip cn a phng cng khng hn s tt hn trong trng hp ny theo kinh nghim rt ra t vic trin khai CDM. Nm 2007, khong 73% tng s tn dng CDM bn ra c c mc sn xut ti Trung Quc (Hamilton et al. 2008). iu ny cho thy mt yu cu bt buc, khng ph thuc vo bt c quy m tip cn no, i vi cng tc chun b nng cao

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thc hin bt bnh ng. Nhng mt khc, cch tip cn quc gia c th lng ghp tt hn vi cc chin lc pht trin ca t nc v em li nhng li ch pht trin lu di. Nhng cch tip cn a phng quy m nh hn v tip cn lng ghp c th s linh hot hn trong vic gii quyt cc nhu cu c th cc bi cnh c th. Bng chng t cc d n lm nghip cc-bon cho thy chng c th gip nng cao nng lc a phng, ci thin vic ra quyt nh c s tham gia ca ngi dn v qun l ngun li da vo cng ng (Corbera 2005). Tuy nhin, cc nh u t t nhn v cc t chc phi chnh ph lm cng tc bo tn li pha trn thng tin khi phn tch cc mi quan tm ca cng ng trong cc d n ca h. Cc th trng carbon ch yu c tc ng bi cc mc tiu bo v kh hu ton cu ch khng phi l phc v cc mc tiu kinh t - x hi a phng (May et al. 2004). V mt ny c cch tip cn quc gia ln a phng u i mt vi nhiu thch thc, tuy nhin, nhng yu t quyt nh mc tham gia cng nh cc i tng tham gia v qu trnh lin quan tng cp tip cn l rt khc nhau.

h tng, th ch v c ch qun tr cn thit cc khon tn dng quc gia. V l do , tip cn lng ghp s bo m s linh hot v p ng c s a dng v hon cnh cc quc gia khc nhau.

Ti liu tham kho

Brner, J. v Wunder, S. 2008 Paying for Avoided Deforestation in The Brazilian Amazon: From Cost Assessment to Scheme Design. International Forestry Review 10(3): 496511. Corbera, E. 2005 Bringing Development into Carbon Forestry Markets: Challenges and Outcomes of Small-Scale Carbon Forestry Activities in Mexico. Trong: Murdiyarso, D. and Herawati, H. (eds.) Carbon Forestry: Who Will Benefit? 4256. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. Foti, J., de Silva, L., Werksman, J., Shaffer, L., Talbot v J. McGray, H. 2008 Voice and Choice: Opening the Door to Environmental Democracy. World Resources Institute. Hamilton, K., Sjardin, M., Marcello, T. v Xu, G. 2008 Forging A Frontier: State of The Voluntary Carbon Markets. 2008. Ecosystem Market Place and New Carbon Finance, San Francisco v London. Karousakis, K. 2007 Incentives to Reducing Emissions From Deforestation: Lessons Learned From Costa Rica and Mexico. OECD, Paris. P. 50. May, P.H., Boyd, E., Viega, F. v Chang, M. 2004 Local Sustainable Development Effects of Forest Carbon Projects in Brazil and Bolivia. International Institute of Environment and Development, London, Anh. M-Co Consulting. 2008 Review and Assessment of Options for Reducing Emissions From Deforestation in Developing Countries. Chnh ph New Zealand, B Nng nghip v Lm nghip, Wellington. Pedroni, L., Streck, C., Estrada, M. V Dutschke, M. 2007 The Nested Approach. A Flexible Mechanism to Reduce Emissions From Deforestation. CATIE, Turrialba, CostaRica.

Kt lun
C ba hnh thc tip cn u c nhng u, nhc im v nhng ci gi ca n xt trn cc kha cnh hiu qu carbon, hiu sut chi ph v tnh cng bng. Tuy nhin, mt h thng lng ghp c l s em li nhng kt qu tt nht da trn tt c cc tiu ch ny. N cho php mt quc gia c th tham gia vo REDD bng mt d n hoc bng cch tip cn quc gia, bo m s tham gia rng ri ca quc t v nh c th gim pht thi tng th nhiu hn trong tng lai gn. Cc hn ch ca cch tip cn a phng (v c th l r r cc b) c tnh n thng qua vic n nh thi hn cho vic p dng cch tip cn quc gia trong tng lai, cho php cc nc c thi gian thit lp c s

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c thm thng tin, xin lin h: Arild Angelsen arild.angelsen@umb.no Charlotte Streck c.streck@climatefocus.com Leo Peskett l.peskett@odi.org.uk Jessica Brown j.brown@odi.org.uk Cecilia Luttrell c.luttrell@cgiar.org Nhng kin chung xin gi v: cifor@cgiar.org

Bn tin ny c dch t A., Streck, C., Peskett, L., Brown, J and Luttrell, C. 2008. u s l quy m ph hp cho REDD? Nhng tc ng ca hng tip cn quc gia, tip cn a phng v tip cn tng hp. Bn tin s 15. Infobrief No. 15. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. Bn tin ting Vit ny l do Nguyn Song H dch, do Nguyn c T bin tp v chnh sa. Phm Thu Thy v Phm Quang Ha cng hiu nh bn ting Vit ca bo co.

CIFOR
D n c ti tr t Qu David v Lucile Packard

www.cifor.org

www.ForestsClimateChange.org

CIFOR

Trung tm Nghin cu Lm nghip Quc t CIFOR thc y s phn vinh cho nhn loi, bo tn mi trng v bnh ng thng qua vic trin khai cc hot ng nghin cu nhm cung cp thng tin v chnh sch v cc phng thc hot ng nh hng n rng cc nc ang pht trin. CIFOR l mt trong 15 trung tm trc thuc Nhm T vn Nghin cu Nng nghip Quc t (CGIAR). CIFOR c tr s ng ti Bogor (Indonesia) v cc vn phng ti chu , chu Phi v Nam M.