Essentialism

Philosophy:

Essentialism is an American philosophy of education which introduced by the philosopher William Bagley in the 1930s and 1940s as a reaction to what was seen as a overemphasis on a child-centered approach to education and a concern that students were not gaining appropriate knowledge in schools. Essentialists believe that there is a common core of information and skills that an educated person must have.

Philosophical Base

Idealism Realism

Idealism
Plato believed education helped move individuals collectively toward achieving the good. Idealist interested in the search for truth through ideas with truth, responsibility comes to enlighten others. education is transformation: Ideas can change lives.

Realism

Aristotle was the leading proponent of realism. He was the first philosopher to develop a systematic theory of logic

Through studying the material world, is it possible to clarify or develop ideasmatter is real independent of ideas

Aim of Education
Prepare students to be productive, contributing members of society. Teach the young the essentials they need to live well in the modern world. transmit the cultural heritage and develop good citizens

knowlege

Essential skills and academic subjects: English, math, science, history, and foreign language (teachercentered education) Mastery of concepts and principles of subject matter

Role of Education
Schools are places where children come to learn what they need to know and the teacher is the person who can best instruct students in essential matters Teacher is expert of content knowledge. Teaches essential knowledge. Maintains task-oriented focus.

Curriculum

Strong emphasis on basic skills in elementary schools and on disciplined knowledge and scholastic achievement in secondary schools