Bai Giang Ky Thuat So

Trng Cao ng in t in lnh HN
Tn hc phn : K Thut s
S n v hc trnh : 4
L thuyt : 60 Tit
Gio vin : Nguyn Phng Anh
Ni dung
Ni dung L
thuyt
Chng 1: Gii thiu chung v K thut s 10
Chng 2: Cc cng logic c bn 15
Chng 3: Mch Flip Flop 15
Chng 4 : Mch dy 10
Chng 5: Thit k mch s dng MSI, LSI 10
Tng s 60
Ti liu tham kho
1. L thuyt mch logic v k thut s
Nguyn Xun Qunh, NXB i hc
2. K thut s tp I, II
Nguyn Vn Tiu, NXB i hc
3. K thut s
Nguyn Thy Vn, NXB Khoa hc & K
thut, 1995
4. K thut s
Nguyn Ph TinNXB Gio dc
Tiu chun nh gi sinh vin
- im chuyn cn 10%
- im thi gia hc phn 30 %
- im thi cui hc phn 60%
Chng 1 : gii thiu chung v k thut s v i s
logic
1.1 Cc h thng tng t v h thng s
1.1.1. Cc i lng tng t v s
a. Tn hiu tng t
L tn hiu lin tc theo gi tr v theo thi gian
N/xt:
th biu din ln ca
t/hiu theo t/gian l 1 ng lin
L tn hiu lin tc theo ln,
do n nhn tt c cc gi tr trong
phm vi no
b. Tn hiu s
L tn hiu ri rc theo thi gian v theo ln
N/xt :
Tn hiu s ch nhn xut hin ti
cc thi im nht nh v ti cc
thi im xut hin tn hiu s li
ch
nhn cc gi tr nht nh
Mc Logic (Logic Level)
-H thng s nh phn ch c 2 s: 0 v 1
-Trong mch s c 2 mc in p i din cho
2 gi tr 0 v 1
1: Mc in p cao (High)
0: Mc in p thp (Low)
HIGH=1
Uncertain
LOW=0
5.0 Volts
2.0 Volts
0.8 Volts
0.0 Volts
VH(max)
VH(min)
VL(max)
VL(min)
- Cc tn hiu s c dng sng c chu k hoc
khng c chu k
1
0
1
0
tW
TW
TW
TW
- Gin nh th (Timing Diagram)
Trong nhiu h thng s, cc tn hiu s cn -
c ng b ho theo 1 dng sng nh th c bn
gi l xung nhp (Clock)
Clock
1
0
Bit Time
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
1.1.2. Cc h thng tng t v h thng s
a. H thng tng t
L h thng m cc thit b trong h thng
x l tn hiu tng t
b. H thng s
L h thng m cc thit b trong h thng
x l tn hiu s
c. u nhc im ca K thut s
D thit k
Lu tr d dng
Chnh xc, tin cy
* u im
Cc thao tc c th lp tnh
Chu t nhiu hn
Kh nng t hp cao
* Nhc im
a s cc tn hiu cn x l l tn hiu tng t
ng dng KTS C b chuyn i t tn
hiu tng t sang tn hiu s

Chuyn
i ADC
X l tn
hiu s
Chuyn
i DAC
T/hi
u tng
t
T/hi
u tng
t
1.2. Cc h thng m v m
1.2.1. Cc h thng m
a. m khng theo v tr
L h thng m m gi tr ca cc ch s
trong 1 s khng ph thuc vo v tr
VD: Ch s la m.
I ; II; III; IV; V; VI; VII
b. m theo v tr
L h thng m m gi tr ca cc ch s
trong 1 s ph thuc vo v tr ca chng trong
s
VD: S thp phn
1 2 3 4
Hng
nghn
Hng
trm
Hng
chc
Hng
n
v
Mt s khi nim
- C s (r- radix): S lng k t ch s s dng
biu din trong h thng s m
- Trng s (Weight): i lng biu din cho v tr
ca 1 con s trong chui s.
Trng s = C s
v tr
- Gi tr ca 1 s: Tnh bng tng theo trng s
Gi tr = Tng (K s x Trng s
)
a. S thp phn (Decimal): C s r = 10
4 1 0 7 3 . 6 2 0 5
10
4
4x10
4

4000
10
3
1x10
3

1000
10
2
0x10
2

0
10
1
7x10
1

70
10
0
3x10
0

3

.
.

.
10
-1
6x10
-1

0.6

10
-2
2x10
-2

0.02
10
-3
0x10
-3

0
10
-4
5x10
-4

0.0005
Kt qu =
4000+1000+0+70+3+0.6+0.02+0+0.0005
= 41073.6205
b. S nh phn (Binary): C s r = 2
1 1 0 1 1 . 1 0 1 1
2
4
1x2
4

16
2
3
1x2
3

8
2
2
0x2
2

0
2
1
1x2
1

2
2
0
1x2
0

1

.
.

.
2
-1
1x2
-1

0.5

2
-2
0x2
-2

0
2
-3
1x2
-3

0.125
2
-4
1x2
-4

0.0625
Kt qu =
16+8+0+2+1+0.5+0+0.125+0.0625
= 27.6875
c. S thp lc (Hecxa - Decimal): C s r = 16
Hecxa Decimal Decimal Binary
0
1
2
3
0
1
2
3
0000
0001
0010
0011
4
5
6
7
4
5
6
7
0100
0101
0110
0111
8
9
A
B
8
9
10
11
1000
1001
1010
1011
C
D
E
F
12
13
14
15
1100
1101
1110
1111
3 C 7 A . 6 E 0 5
16
3
3x16
3

12288
16
2
12x2
2

3072
16
1
7x16
1

112
16
0
10x16
0

10
.
.

.
16
-1
6x16
-1

0.375

16
-2
14x16
-2

0.0546
675
16
-3
0x16
-3

0
16
-4
5x16
-4

0.0000
76293
Kt qu =
12288+3072+112+10+0.375+0.0546675+0.000076293
= 15462.42976
1.2.2. Chuyn i gia cc h
m
Quy tc
Mun chuyn i phn nguyn ca s A sang
c s bt k R, ta ch vic chia ln lt gi tr ca
A cho R. Cc s d nhn c trong cc ln chia l
cc ch s A khi biu din trong h c s R,
tnh t ch s c trng s thp nht
a. Xt bin i phn nguyn
Lu : Khi khng vit c s bn cnh mc
nh hiu s biu din h thp phn
VD: Chuyn i s (345) 8 sang c s 9 ?
(345) 8 = ( ?) 9
229
9
25
4
9
2
7 9
0
2
274
(345) 8 = ( 274) 9

229 8 . 5 8 . 4 8 . 3 ) 345 (
0 1 2
8
= + + =
y l gi tr
Ca (345)8
h 10
VD: Chuyn i s 11 sang h nh phn
?
11 = ( ?) 2
11
2
5
1
2
2
1 2
1
0
1011
11 = ( 1011) 2

2
0
1
VD: Chuyn i s 700 sang h thp lc(Hecxa)
?
700 = ( ?) 16
700
16
43
12
16
2
11 16
0
2
2BC
700 = ( 2BC) 16

Quy tc
Mun chuyn i phn phn ca s A sang c
s bt k R, ta ch vic nhn ln lt gi tr phn
phn ca A cho R. Cc phn nguyn nhn c
trong cc ln nhn l cc ch s A trong phn
phn khi n biu din trong h c s R, tnh t
ch s c trng s cao nht
a. Xt bin i phn phn
Lu : Trong cc ln nhn, nu khng xut hin phn
nguyn th coi nh phn nguyn tng ng bng 0. Cn
nu trong ln nhn no xut hin phn nhn
khc 0, th trc khi nhn phI b phn nguyn ny i
VD: (0,0001) 2 = (?) 8
0625 , 0 2 . 1 2 . 0 2 . 0 2 . 0 2 . 0 ) 0001 , 0 (
4 3 2 1 0
2
= + + + + =

y l gi tr ca
(0,0001)
0,0625 x 8 = 0.5
Phn phn = 0
Phn phn = 0.5
0.5 x 8 = 4.0
Phn nguyn = 4
Phn nguyn = 0
Vy (0.0001)2 = (0.04)8
1.2.3. S nh phn
Cc tnh cht ca s nh phn
- S nh phn n bt c 2n gi tr t 0 n 2n-1
-S nh phn c gi tr 2n c biu din 100
(n bit 0) v gi tr 2n-1 l s 1.1 (n bit 1)
Bit c trng s nh nht l LSB (Least
Singificant Bit) v bit c trng s ln nht MSB
(Most Singificant Bit)
S nh phn c gi tr l l s c LSB =1,
Ngc li gi tr chn l s c LSB =0
Cc tnh cht ca s nh phn
- Cc bi s ca bit
1B (Byte) = 8bit 1MB = 210KB = 2
20
B
1KB = 2
10
B = 1024B 1GB = 2
10
MB
* Cc php tnh vi s nh phn
a. Php cng
A B A+B
0
0
0
0
0
b. Php tr
A B A-B
0
0
0
0
0
c. Php nhn
A B A*B
0
0
0
0
0
d. Php chia
A B A:B
0
1
1
0
1
1.2.5. M ha
M ha l gn mt k hiu cho mt i tng
thun tin cho vic thc hin mt yu cu
c th no
Nhm k hiu sau khi m ha gi l cc m.
M BCD 8421 (Binary Coded Decimal)
M BCD dng s nh phn 4 bt c gi tr t-
ng ng thay th cho tng s hng trong s
thp phn
VD: S 625 10 c m BCD l 0110 0010 0101
M Gray
M Gray l m hai s lin tip ch khc nhau
1 phn t nh phn (1 bt)
M ASCII
M Parity pht hin li
M LED 7 on
M d 3
M d 3 c to thnh bng cch cng thm 3
n v vo m BCD 8421
i Binary sang m Gray
Ch s u tin ca m Gray ging ch s u tin
ca m nh phn.
- Cng khng nh tng cp bit lin k ta s thu
c ch s tip theo trong m Gray.
M Gray
VD.(1100)binary = M Gray???????
Bc 1 Ch s u tin ca m Gray ging ch s u tin
ca m nh phn.
1 1 0 0 binary
1 Gray
Bc 2 Cng khng nh hai bit u tin ca s nh phn.
Kt qu thu c l s Gray tip theo.
1 1 0 0 binary
1 0 Gray
Bc 3 Cng hai bit k tip ca s nh phn ta nhn c
ch s Gray tip theo.
1 1 0 0 binary
1 0 1 Gray
Bc 4 Cng hai bit cui cng ca s nh phn ta nhn
c bit cui cng ca m Gray
1 1 0 0 binary
1 0 1 0 Gray
Chuyn i t m Gray sang m nh phn:
- S dng phng php tng t trn, tuy nhin c mt s khc
bit.
Ex.(1010)Gray = binary
Bc 1 Ch s u tin ca m Gray ging ch s u tin
ca m nh phn.
1 0 1 0 Gray
1 binary
Bc 2 Cng theo ng cho nh di nhn c t
m nh phn tip theo
1 0 1 0 Gray
1 1 binary
Bc 3 Tip tc cng theo ng cho nhn c cc t
m nh phn tip theo
1 0 1 0 Gray
1 1 0 binary

1 0 1 0 Gray
1 1 0 0 binary
M LED 7 on
a
b
d
c e
f
g
a b c d e f g
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1.3 i s logic (Boole)
1.3.1. Cu trc i s BOOLE
i s BOOLE l cu trc i s c nh
ngha trn 1 tp phn t nh phn B ={0, 1} v
cc php ton nh phn: AND; OR; NOT
X Y X.Y
(X AND Y)
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
X Y X+Y
(X OR Y)
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
X (NOT X)
0
1
1
0
X
1.3.2. Cc tin
a. Phn t ng nht
-Vi php ton OR, phn t ng nht l 0
x + 0 = 0 + x = x
-Vi php ton AND, phn t ng nht l 1
x.1 = 1.x = x
b. Tnh giao hon
x + y = y + x
x . y = y. x
1.3.2. Cc tin
c. Tnh phn b
x + (y . z) = (x + y) . (x + z)
x . (y + z) = x . y + x. z
d. Phn t b
0 .
1
=
= +
x x
x x
1.3.3. Cc nh l c bn
a. nh l
1:
x x =
b. nh l
2:
x + x = x
x . x = x
c. nh l
3:
x + 1 = 1
x . 0 = 0
d. nh l 4 (L hp thu):
x + x . y = x
x. (x + y) = x
e. nh l 5 (L kt hp):
x + (y + z) =(x + y) + z
x. (y . z) = ( x . y) . z
f. nh l 6 (L DeMorgan):
n n
n n
x x x x x x
x x x x x x
y x y x
y x y x
+ + + =
= + + +
=
+ = +
... ... .
... . ...
. .
2 1 2 1
2 1 2 1
y x y x x
x xy x
x y x xy
+ = +
= +
= +
Mt s CT thng dng
1.3 i s logic (Boole)
1.3.2. Hm BOOLE
Hm BOOLE l 1 biu thc c to bi cc
bin nh phn v cc php ton nh phn NOT,
AND, OR. Vi cc gi tr cho trc ca cc bin,
hm BOOLE s c gi tr l 0 hoc 1
z y x y x z y x F VD . . . ) , , ( : + =
Hm F = 1 nu: x = y = 1 (bt chp z)
hoc x = y = 0, z = 1
Ngc li: F = 0
Ta c th biu din hm BOOLE bng bng gi tr
x y z F
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1.3.3 Cc nh lut c bn ca i s logic
a. Hm OR
A B X = A+B
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
0
1
1
1
b. Hm AND
A B X = A.B
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
0
0
0
1
c. Hm NOT
A
0
1
1
0
A
A B A B
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
0
1
1
0
d. Hm EX-OR
1.3.4. Cc phng php biu din hm logic

a. Phng php dng bng gi tr
L bng lit k t hp cc gi tr ca bin s
(u vo ) v cc gi tr tng ng ca hm (u ra)
X1 X2 X3 F
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
Lu :
Nu c n bin th s
t hp cc bin c th l
Trong bng c mt s
trng hp hm ra l x. y
l 1 gi tr khng xc nh
(c th l 0 hoc 1) T
hp cm

n
2
b. Phng php i s
/ l: Mt hm n bin bt k F(X) =F(X1XiXn)
c th biu din dng CTT (Chun Tc Tuyn)
hoc CTH (Chun Tc Hi)
- Dng CTT: L tng ca nhiu thnh phn, mi
th/phn l tch gm y cc bin

- Dng CTH: L tch ca nhiu th/phn, mi
th/phn l tng gm y cc bin
Cch vit Hm s di dng CTT
Ch quan tm n t hp bin m hm c gi
tr
= 1. S ln hm = 1 s chnh l s tch ca biu
thc
Trong mi tch, cc bin c g/ tr = 1 c gi
nguyn, cc bin c g/tr = 0 ly ph nh.

Hm F bng tng ca cc tch
E
K hiu
Cch vit Hm s di dng CTH
Ch quan tm n t hp bin m hm c gi
tr
= 0. S ln hm = 0 s chnh l s tch ca biu
thc
Trong mi tng, cc bin c g/ tr = 0 c gi
nguyn, cc bin c g/tr = 1 ly ph nh.

Hm F bng tch ca cc tng
H
K hiu
Trng hp tu nh (Dont care)
Hm BOOLE c th khng c nh ngha
cho ht tt c cc t hp cc bin ph thuc.
Khi ti cc t hp khng s dng ny, hm
BOOLE s nhn gi tr tu nh, ngha l hm
BOOLE c th nhn gi tr 0 hoc 1
K hiu: d (i vi CTT)
D (i vi CTH)
z y x m =
0
z y x m =
2
yz x m =
3
z y x m =
4
z y x m =
5
z xy m =
6
xyz m =
7
z y x M + + =
1
z y x M + + =
2
z y x M + + =
3
z y x M + + =
4
z y x M + + =
5
z y x M + + =
6
z y x M + + =
7
z y x m =
1
x y z Tch cc TP Tng cc TP F
0 0 0 0 1
0 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 0 1
0 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 1
1 1 0 0 1
1 1 1 0 1
z y x M + + =
0
V

d
=
+ + =
+ + =
) 4 , 3 , 1 (
) , , (
4 3 1
m m m
z y x yz x z y x z y x F
) 7 , 6 , 5 , 2 , 0 (
. . . .
) )( ).( .(
). )( ( ) , , (
7 6 5 2 0
H =
=
+ + + + + +
+ + + + =
M M M M M
z y x z y x z y x
z y x z y x z y x F
A B C F
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
x
0
1
1
0
1
0
x
Ta c th biu din hm
BOOLE theo dng chnh
tc:
F(A,B,C) = (2,3,5) + d(0,7)
VD: F = (1,2,4,7) vi d = 0,5,6
Trong : 1,2,4,7 l gi tr thp phn ca cc
t hp bin m ti hm nhn g/tr = 1
0,5,6 l cc gi tr thp phn ca t hp bin
m ti gi tr hm khng xc nh
E
H
10
X3 X2 X1 F(X) G(X)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
Dng CTT:
H/s F(X) = 1 ti cc t
Hp gi tr bin tng ng
Vi gi tr thp phn l
1,2,4,7
Hm F bng tng ca cc tch

F= X3. X2. X1 + X3. X2. X1 + X3. X2. X1 + X3. X2. X1
T hp g/tr
bin
thp phn
T hp gi tr bin
X3 X2 X1
Tch thnh phn
1
2
4
7
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
X3. X2. X1
X3. X2. X1
X3. X2. X1
X3. X2. X1
VD: F = (0,3,5,6) vi D= 1,2
Trong : 0,3,5,6 l gi tr thp phn ca cc
t hp bin m ti hm nhn g/tr = 0
1,2 l cc gi tr thp phn ca t hp bin
m ti gi tr hm khng xc nh
H
H
10
X3 X2 X1 F(X) G(X)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
Dng CTH:
H/s F(X) = 0 ti cc t
Hp gi tr bin tng
ng vi gi tr thp
phn l 0, 3, 5 6
Hm F bng tch ca cc tng

F= (X3+X2+X1) . (X3+X2+ X1) . (X3+X2+X1) .(X3+ X2+ X1)
T hp g/tr
bin
thp phn
T hp gi tr bin
X3 X2 X1
Tch thnh phn
0
3
5
7
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
X3+ X2+ X1
X3+ X2+ X1
X3+ X2+ X1
X3+ X2+ X1
V d1 : F(x,y,z) = xy + z
Ta c th chuyn v dng CTT
=
+ + + + =
+ + + + =
+ + + + + =
+ + + + =
+ =
) 7 , 6 , 5 , 3 , 1 (
) )( ( ) (
) , , (
5 3 1 7 6
m m m m m
z y x yz x z y x xyz z xy
xyz z y x yz x z y x xyz z xy
z y y x x z z xy
z xy z y x F
V d 2:
y z x z y x F ) ( ) , , ( + =
Ta c th chuyn v dng CTT
=
+ + =
+ + =
+ + + =
+ + + =
+ =
+ =
) 5 , 4 , 0 (
) ( . ) ( .
. .
) ( ) , , (
0 5 4
m m m
z y x z y x z y x
z y x z y x z y x z y x
x x y z z z y x
y z y x
y z x z y x F
c. Biu din bng Karnaugh (ccn)
Xy dng 1 bng Ch nht gm , trong n l
s bin u vo. Mi c ta (hng v ct) biu
din t hp gi tr cc bin u vo tng ng, sao
cho cc cnh nhau hay i xng nhau qua trc
ngang v trc dc ca bng ch khc nhau 1 bin .
n
2
t g/tr 1 vo cc tng ng ti hm = 1 . t
k hiu x vo cc ti hm khng xc nh. Cc
cn li t gi tr 0 hoc b trng.
Hai c gi l k nhau khi t hp bin m chng
biu din ch khc nhau 1 bin
Ba 2
bin
VD: F(A,B)=
+ ) 3 ( ) 2 , 0 ( d
0 1
2 3
0
0
1
1
B
A
F
1
1 x
0
0
1
1
B
A
F
Ba 3
bin
VD: F(A,B,C)=
+ ) 1 , 0 ( ) 7 , 4 , 2 ( d
00
0
1
01
BC
A
F
0 1 3 2
4 5 7 6
11 10
00
0
1
01
BC
A
F
x x 1
1 1
11 10
Ba 4
bin
VD: F(A,B,C,D)=
+ ) 8 , 4 , 0 ( ) 15 , 14 , 13 , 12 , 11 , 9 , 3 , 1 ( d
00 01
CD
AB
F
0 1 3 2
4 5 7 6
12 13 15 14
8 9 11 10
11 10
00
01
11
10
00 01
CD
AB
F
x 1 1
x
1 1 1 1
x 1 1
11 10
00
01
11
10
1.4. Ti thiu ha hm logic
a. Phng php i s
y l phng php rt gn hm Boole bng cch s
dng cc nh lut bin i trong i s Boole.
VD: Hy rt gn hm sau: F =
2 1
2 1 1 1 2 2 2 1
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
2 1 2 1 2 1
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
2 1 2 1 2 1
1 . 1 . ) ( ) (
. . . .
) . . . (
. . . . . . .
. . .
X X F
X X X X X X X X F
X X X X X X X X F
X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X
+ =
+ = + + + =
+ + + =
= +
+ + + = + +
+ +
2 1 2 1 2 1
. . . X X X X X X + +
VD2: Hy ti thiu biu thc:
Z=A.B.C + A.B.(A.C)
B A AC
B A B B AC
C B A B A ABC
C B A A B A ABC
C A B A ABC
C A B A ABC Z
+ =
+ + =
+ + =
+ + =
+ + =
+ + =
) (
) (
) (
VD3: Ti thiu ha biu thc:

CD B A C AB ABC + +
) (
...
) (
...
CD B A
CD B CD B B C
CD B B A CD B A AB CD B A C AB ABC
AB C AB ABC C
CD B A C AB ABC
+ =
+ = +
+ = + = + +
= +
+ +
Bi Tp: Rt gn biu thc

C AB C B A BC A ABC + + +
AC C B AB + +
) )( ).( ( C A C B B A + + +
CMR: Nu A = BC + BC th
a. A + AB = 0
b. AB = AC
Rt gn Ba Karnaugh
* Nguyn tc
-Lin kt i: Khi lin kt OR (2 1) k cn vi
nhau trn ba K, ta s c 1 tch s mt i 1
bin so vi tch chun (Bin mt i l bin khc
nhau gia 2 lin kt). Hoc khi lin kt (AND) (2
0) k cn vi nhau trn ba K, ta s c 1 tng
mt i 1 bin so vi tng chun (Bin mt i l
bin khc nhau gia 2 lin kt
00
0
1
01
BC
A
F
1 1
11 10
F = AC: A=0; C=1
00
0
1
01
BC
A
F
0
0
11 10
F = B+C: A=1; C=0
Rt gn Ba Karnaugh
* Nguyn tc
-Lin kt 4: Tng t nh lin kt i khi ta lin
kt 4 k cn nhau ta s loi c 2 bin (2 bin
b loi l 2 bin khc nhau gia 4 t hp)
00 01
BC
A
F
1 1
1 1
11 10
0
1
F = C
00 01
BC
A
F
0 0 0 0
11 10
0
1
F = A
Rt gn Ba Karnaugh
* Nguyn tc
-Lin kt 8: Tng t nh lin kt i khi ta lin
kt 8 k cn nhau ta s loi c 3 bin (3 bin
b loi l 3 bin khc nhau gia 8 t hp)
00 01
CD
AB
F
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
11 10
00
01
11
10
F = B
00 01
CD
AB
F
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
11 10
00
01
11
10
F = C
VD: Ti thiu hm sau bng bng Karnaugh

CD
AB
F
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
1 1
1 1 1
1
1
Nhm 1. Theo hng c: AB &AB (B
va nhn g/tr 0 va nhn
g/tr1) loi b 1 bin B. Theo ct
c: CD & CD (D va nhn g/tr 0
va nhn g/tr 1)loi b 1 bin D
Nhm 1 = A.C
Nhm 2. Theo hng c: AB
Theo ct c:C&D va nhn gi tr
0 va nhn gi tr 1 loi b 2
bin CD
Nhm 2 = AB

Nhm 3. Theo hng c: AB & AB
(A va nhn g/tr 0 va nhn
g/tr 1) bin A b loi. Theo
ct c: CD
Nhm 3 = B.CD
F= Nhm 1 + Nhm 2 +
Nhm 3

CD
AB
F
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
1
1
1 1
1
F= Nhm 1 + Nhm 2
1 1
1
Nhm 1. Theo hng c: AB &AB (A
g/tr1) loi b 1 bin A. Theo ct
c: CD & CD (C va nhn g/tr 0
va nhn g/tr 1)loi b 1 bin C
Nhm 1 = B.D
Nhm 2. Theo hng c: AB &AB (A
g/tr1) loi b 1 bin A. Theo ct
c: CD & CD (D va nhn g/tr 0
va nhn g/tr 1)loi b 1 bin D
Nhm 2 = BC

CD
AB
F
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
1 1
F= Nhm 1 + Nhm 2
1 1
Nhm 1. Theo hng c: AB
Theo ct c: CD & CD (D va nhn
g/tr 0 va nhn g/tr 1)loi b 1
bin D
Nhm 1 = ABC
Nhm 2. Theo hng c: AB Theo ct
c: CD & CD (C va nhn g/tr 0
va nhn g/tr 1)loi b 1 bin C
Nhm 2 = ABD
VD: Biu din hm logic 2 bin theo bng sau
bng bng Kanaugh ?
X1 X2 F
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
0
1
1
0
X1
X2
F
0
0 1
1
0
0
1
1
Hm F = 0 tng ng
t hp gi tr 0 0
Hm F = 1 tng ng
t hp gi tr 0 1
Hm F= 1 tng ng
t hp gi tr 1 0
Hm F = 0 tng ng
t hp gi tr 1 1
VD: Biu din hm logic 3 bin theo bng sau
bng bng Kanaugh ?
X1 X2 X3 F
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1

0
1
1
0
1
1
1
x
X1
X2X3
F
1
00
10
0
x 1 1
1
01 11
0 1 0
1
S chuyn i gia cc cch biu
din
T bng chn l xy dng biu thc logic ca
hm
T bng chn l c th vit biu thc logic di
dng CTT
Nguyn tc: Tng ng vi mi gi tr 1 u ra ca
hm trong bng chn l l 1 tch cc bin u vo
trong biu thc, ti dng tng ng trong bng
chn l nu cc bin u vo no l 0 th bin
c vit o trong tch, nu bin no c gi tr 1
th
gi nguyn.
A B C F
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1

1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
Theo nguyn tc,
chng ta ch
quan tm n cc
g/tr 1 u ra ca
F
Ti chng c cc tch
u vo trong biu thc
F =A. B. C + A. B. C + A. B. C + A. B. C
T biu thc logic ca hm xy dng bng chn
l
VD: Cho hm logic 2 bin A, B nh sau:
F = A. B + A. B
F = A. B + A. B
A. B tng ng
t hp g/tr 11
A B tng ng t hp
g/ tr 00
A B F
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
1
0
0
1
VD: Cho hm F gm 3 bin A, B, C nh sau:
F = A. B. C + A. B. C + A. B. C
Hy xy dng bng chn l ca hm?
A B C F
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
Chuyn i sang bng
Karnaugh
VD: Cho hm F gm 3 bin A, B, C nh sau:
F = A. B. C + A. B. C + A. B. C
Hy xy dng bng Karaugh ca hm?
A
BC
F
1
00 10
0
1 0 1
0
01 11
0 0 1
0
Chuyn t bng Karnaugh sang biu thc
logic
A
BC
F
1
00
10
0
1 1 0
0
01 11
0 0 0
1
Hm ra F = 1 tng
ng t hp 101
Hm ra F = 1 t-
ng ng t hp
111
Hm ra F = 1
tng ng t
hp 110

F = A. B. C + A. B. C + A. B. C
Bi tp:
Hy rt gn hm 3 bin ,bng phng php i s v
bng bng Karnaugh ?

C B A ABC BC A C B A X + + + =
ABC BC A C AB C B A X + + + =
Bi tp:Hy vit hm logic c cho dng ba Karnaugh
trong cc trng hp sau, di dng rt gn.

CD
AB
F
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
1
1
1
1
CD
AB
F
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
1
1
1
CD
AB
F
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
1 1
1
1
CD
AB
F
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
Bi tp:Hy vit hm logic c cho dng ba Karnaugh
trong cc trng hp sau, di dng rt gn.

CD
AB
F
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
1
1
1
1
CD
AB
F
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
1
1
1
1
CD
AB
F
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
1
1
CD
AB
F
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1 1
1
1
1
1
1 1
Rt gn cc hm sau:
) 5 , 2 , 0 ( ) 15 , 11 , 7 , 3 , 1 ( ) , , , (
) 15 , 12 , 7 , 2 ( ) 10 , 8 , 4 , 0 ( ) , , , (
) 11 , 9 , 8 , 7 , 6 , 5 , 4 , 3 , 2 , 1 , 0 ( ) , , , (
) 6 , 5 , 3 , 1 , 0 ) , , (
d D C B A F
d D C B A F
D C B A F
C B A F
+ =
+ =
=
=
) 12 , 11 , 9 , 8 , 7 ( ). 14 , 10 , 6 , 4 , 3 , 2 , 0 ( ) , , , (
) 15 , 13 , 12 , 9 , 8 , 4 , 0 ( ) , , , (
D D C B A F
D C B A F
H =
H =
Chng 2 : Cc cng logic c bn
2.1 Cc cng logic c bn
Cc cng logic c bn
1. Cng NOT
X
t
t
X
x x
x x
0
1
1
0
Cc cng logic c bn
2. Cng
AND
x
y
z=x.y
x y z
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
x
y
z
KL: Vi cng AND c nhiu ng vo, ng ra
s l 1 nu tt c cc ng vo u l 1
Cc cng logic c bn
3. Cng OR
x y z
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
x
y
z
KL: Vi cng OR c nhiu ng vo, ng ra s l
1 nu c t nht 1 ng vo l 1; hoc ng ra s
l 0 nu tt c cc ng vo u l 0
x
y
z=x+y
Cc cng logic c bn
4. Cng NAND
x y z
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
x
y
z
KL: Vi cng NAND c nhiu ng vo, ng
ra s l 0 nu tt c cc ng vo u l 1
x
y
z=x.y
Cc cng logic c bn
5. Cng
NOR
x y z
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
x
y
z
KL: Vi cng NOR c nhiu ng vo, ng ra s l
1 nu tt c cc ng vo u l 0
x
y
z=x+y
Cc cng logic c bn
6. Cng
XOR
x y z
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
y x z =
x
y
z
KL: Vi cng XOR c 2 ng vo, ng ra s l 1
nu 2 ng vo l khc nhau.
Vi cng XOR c nhiu ng vo, ng ra s
l 1 nu tng s bit 1 ng vo l s l
) )( ( y x y x y x y x y x z + + = + = =
x
y
Cc cng logic c bn
7. Cng XNOR
x y z
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
y x z =
x
y
z
KL: Vi cng XNOR c 2 ng vo, ng ra s l 1
nu 2 ng vo l ging nhau.
Vi cng XNOR c nhiu ng vo, ng ra
s l 1 nu tng s bit 1 ng vo l s chn
) )( ( y x y x xy y x y x z + + = + = =
x
y
Thc hin hm BOOLE bng cng logic
1. Cu trc cng AND - OR
Cu trc AND OR l s logic thc hin cho
hm BOOLE biu din theo dng tng cc tch.
VD: F(A,B,C,D)=ABD + CD
A
B
C
D
F
2. Cu trc cng OR - AND
Cu trc OR - AND l s logic thc hin cho
hm BOOLE biu din theo dng tch cc tng.
VD: F(A,B,C,D)=(A + D) (B + C + D)
A
B
C
D
F
3. Cu trc ton cng NAND
Cu trc NAND l s logic thc hin cho hm
BOOLE m biu thc c dng b ca 1 s hng tch.
- Dng nh l De-Morgan bin i s hng
tng thnh tch
- Cng NOT cng c thay th bng cng NAND
ni chung 2 ng vo.
VD:
) ( ) (
) , , , (
D C BD A
D C BD A
D C BD A D C B A F
=
+ =
+ =
) ( ) (
) . )( (
) ( . ) (
) )( ( ) , , , (
CD B D A
CD B D A
D C B D A
D C B D A D C B A F
=
=
+ + + =
+ + + =
BT:
) )( )( ( ) , , , (
) , , , (
D C C B D A D C B A F
D C BD A D C B A F
+ + + =
+ =
4. Cu trc ton cng NOR
Cu trc NAND l s logic thc hin cho hm
BOOLE m biu thc c dng b ca 1 s hng tng.

) ( ) (
) )( ( ) , , , ( :
D C B D A
D C B D A D C B A F VD
+ + + + =
+ + + =
) ( ) (
) ( ) ( ) , , , (
D C B D A
D C B D A D C B A F
+ + + + =
+ + + + =
Bi tp:
Cho cc tn hiu A, B a vo mch OR nh sau
A
B
A
B
X
Hy xc nh tn hiu ra
X ca mch OR?
A
B
Bi tp:
Cho cc tn hiu A, B a vo mch OR nh sau
A
B
A
B
X
Hy xc nh tn hiu ra
X ca mch OR?
A
B
Bi tp:
Cho cc tn hiu A, B a vo mch AND nh sau
A
B
Hy xc nh tn hiu ra
X ca mch AND ?
A
B
A
B
X
A A
Bi tp:
Cho cc tn hiu A a vo mch NOT nh sau
Hy xc nh tn hiu ra
X ca mch NOT?
A
B
X
Dnh cho Sinh vin luyn tp
V s mch logic thc hin hm
f(X1, X2) = X1 . X2 + X1 + X2
V s mch logic thc hin hm
f(X1, X2, , X3, , X4) = (X1 + X2 ). (X3 + X4)
Hy CM cc ng thc sau:
1. A + A B = A + B
2. Cho 2 mch logic sau

X1
X2
F1
X1
X2
F2
a. CMR F1 = F2

b. X1 F2 = X2
X2 F1 = X1

2.2 Thit k v phn tch mch t hp
1. Ni dung bi ton
a. Gi thit: Cho s ca h logic t hp
b. Kt lun: Tm hiu nguyn l hot ng ca h logic
cho
2. Cc bc thc hin
a. Nhn dng cc phn t c trong s
b. Vit biu thc quan h gia hm ra vi bin vo ca
tng phn t
c. Tm hiu nguyn l hot ng ca hm ra & bin vo
- Lp bng Gi tr ca s
- V th thi gian
- Kt lun nhim v ca h logic cho
2.2.1. Phn tch mch t hp
1. Ni dung bi ton
a. Gi thit: Cho h logic t hp 1 trong cc dng sau
- Bng Gi tr
- Biu thc i s
- Bng Karnaugh
- M t thng qua cc mnh .
b. Kt lun: a ra s logic
2. Cc bc thc hin
2.2.2. Thit k mch t hp
-Ti thiu hm, cc hm cho
-Chn phn t v s

VD1: Xc nh hm ra ca mch logic sau:
X1
X2
F
X3
X4
X
X1
X2
X3
X4
X5
X6
F
VD 2: Hy thit k mch logic c 3 u vo A, B,
C u ra F. Hot ng ca mch ny nh sau:
u ra F = 1 khi c 2 hoc 3 u vo bng 1
u ra F = 0 trong cc trng hp cn li.
Cc bc thit k:
B1: t nhim v ca mch chng ta thit lp c
bng chn l ca mch yu cu nh sau
A B C F
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
B2: T bng chn l ta xc nh c hm ra F
nh sau :
ABC C AB C B A BC A F + + + =
B3: Ti thiu ha hm ra F bng phng php
bng Karnaugh
A
BC
F
00 01 11 10
0
1
1
1
1
1
F= AB + BC + AC
B4: V s logic ca mch
A
B
F
C
VD 3: Hy thit k mch logic c 3 u vo P, Q, R
u ra S. Hot ng ca mch ny nh sau:
u ra S = 1 khi P=0 hoc khi Q = R = 1
u ra S = 0 trong cc trng hp cn li.
Cc bc thit k:
B1: t nhim v ca mch chng ta thit lp c
bng chn l ca mch yu cu nh sau
P Q R F
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
B2: T bng chn l ta xc nh c hm ra F
nh sau :
PQR QR P R Q P R Q P R Q P F + + + + =
B3: Ti thiu ha hm ra F bng phng php
bng Karnaugh
P
QR
F
00 01 11 10
0
1
1
1
1 1
1
F= P+QR
B4: V s logic ca mch
P
Q
S
R
2.3. Cc mch t hp thng gp
2.3.1. B cng nh phn
HY QUAN ST

1. Hy thc hin chuyn i s sau
t h thp phn sang h nh phn.
(11)
10
= ( )
2
(7)
10
= ( )
2

2. Nu cc quy tc cng 2 s nh phn 1
bt

CU TR LI
(11)10 = (1011)2
(7)10 = (0111)2

Quy tc cng 2 s nh phn 1 bt
0 + 0 = 1 1+ 0 = 1
0 + 1 = 0 1+ 1 = 0
nh 1
VD: A = 1010 ; B = 1111. Hy tnh C= A+B
C = A + B =
1 0 1 0
1 1 1 1
1
0
1
1 0 1
1
10
15
25
Chc nng chung ca cc b cng l thc
hin cc php cng nh phn
1) Xy dng s khi b na tng
a. Khi nim b cng
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
B A S C b. Bng chn l
c. Hm gi tr
AB C
B A B A B A S
=
= + =
d. S logic
A
B
S
C
Thc cht vic cng cc s nh phn nhiu
bt
chnh l vic cng cc cp bt tng ng trong cc
ct thuc cc s nh phn. Ni cch khc vic
cng cc s nh phn nhiu bt c th quy v
vic
cng cc s nh phn 1 bt. Tuy nhin khi cng
mt
cp bt chng ta phi cng thm c bt nh (nu
c) t vic cng cp bt trong ct trc .
2) B cng nh phn 1
bt
a. Khi nim

Mch cng
1 bt

Ai
Bi
Ci-1
S
Ci
Ai; Bi : L cc bt nh phn cn cng vi nhau (chng tng
ng thuc ct th i ca 2 s nh phn A, B)
Ci-1: L bt nh t php cng cc bt trong ct i-1 ca 2 s
A, B
Ci: L bt nh ca chnh php cng cc bt trong ct i, nh
sang ct tip theo i+1
Si: L bt kt qu
b. Xy dng mch logic thc hin php cng cc
s nh phn 1 bt
Ai Bi Ci-1 Si Ci
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 1
1 1 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 1
c. Bng chn l ca mch cng nh phn 1 bt
Rt gn Si v Ci
Ai
BiCi-1
Si
00 01 11 10
0
1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
.
) ( ) .(
) ( ) (
) ( ) (
) ( ) (

=
==> = +
=
+ =>
= +
= +
+ + + =
+ +
+ =
i i i i
i i i
i i
i i i i i i
i i i i i i
i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i
i i i i i i i
C B A S
T C T C T C
T B A
B A C B A C
B A B A B A V
B A B A B A M
B A B A C B A B A C
C B A C B A
C B A C B A S
1 1
1 1

+ +
+ =
i i i i i i
i i i i i i i
C B A C B A
C B A C B A S
d. Hm gi tr
Ai
BiCi-1 Ci
00 01 11 10
0
1
1
1 1 1
1 1
+ + =
i i i i i i i
C B C A B A C
) ( .
) . . . ( .
. . . . . .
) . ( ) . (
) ( ) (
. . .
. .
1
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
i i i i i
i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i
i i i i i i i
i i i i i i
B A C B A
A B B A C B A
C A B A B C B A B A
C A A B C B B A
C A B C B A
C B C A B A B A
C B C A B A Ci
+ =
+ + =
+ + + =
+ + + =
+ + + =
+ + + =
+ + =

S mch logic cn thit k
Ai
Bi
Ci-1
Si
Ci
Ai Bi
Ai. Bi
Ai Bi Ci-1
AiBi+Ci-1(Ai Bi)
Cc em hy CM
) ( . . .
1 1 1 i i i i i i i i i i i
B A C B A C B C A B A Ci + = + + =

??? ??? ??? ???
) ( .
) . . . ( .
. . . . . .
) . ( ) . (
) ( ) (
. . .
. .
1
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
i i i i i
i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i
i i i i i i i
i i i i i i
B A C B A
A B B A C B A
C A B A B C B A B A
C A A B C B B A
C A B C B A
C B C A B A B A
C B C A B A Ci
+ =
+ + =
+ + + =
+ + + =
+ + + =
+ + + =
+ + =

p n
Ai
Bi
Ci-1
Si
Ci
Ai Bi
Ai. Bi
Ai Bi Ci-1
AiBi+Ci-1(Ai Bi)
S

B na tng
1

C

S
B na tng
2

C

e. S mch cn thit k
ng dng b tng y trong n v
ALU ca
CPU my vi tnh.

ng dng b tng y 1 bt xy
dng B
tng nhiu bt trong my tnh.

S dng b tng y xy dng b
bin i
m BCD_nh phn.
3) ng dng

B chuyn
i AD
B chuyn
i AD
Mch tng
y
4 bt
Song song
B chuyn
i DA
11
+ 7 =
18
TNG KT BI
B tng y : Thc hin cng 2 s nh
phn mt bt c nh u vo.

C
i

S
i

A
i

B
i

C
i-1

Bn tng 2 Bn tng 1
B tng y
c. B cng song song 4 bt
Da trn b cng 1 bt chng ta c th xy
dng cc b cng 4 bt, tng ng cng cc s
nh phn 4 bit
S dng 4 b cng nh phn 1 bt cng
cc
cp bt tng ng cc ct ca cc s nh phn 4
bt
cn cng. Tt nhin u ra nh t ct ny phi
c a vo u vo nh ct tip theo.

S mch cng nh phn 4 bt
Cng 1
bt
(0)

Cng 1
bt
(3)

Cng 1
bt
(2)

Cng 1
bt
(1)

C2 C1 C0 C4
A3
B3
B1
B2
B0
A2 A1
A0
S3
S2 S1
S0
C3
Nhn xt: Ta thy b cng trn khi thc hin cng phi tin
hnh ln lt t phi qua tri, ging nh thc hin php ton
bng tay. Chng ta mt 4 xung nhp tng ng cho vic
cng ln lt cc ct. Nn tc cng s chm. Khc phc
nhc im ny ngi ta s dng b cng nh nhanh
IC thc hin php cng 4 bt nh phn song
song l IC 74LS83
B cng 4 bt
74LS83
A0 A1 A2 A3
B0 B1
B2
B3
S0 S1 S2 S3
C0
C4
Ai,Bi: Cc bt
cn cng
Si: Cc bt tng
Co, C4: Bt nh u vo
v u ra ca IC
IC thc hin php cng 8 bt nh phn song
song l 2 IC 74LS83 ghp vi nhau
B cng 4 bt
74LS83
A4 A5 A6 A7
B4 B5 B6 B7
S4 S5 S6 S7
C0
C8
B cng 4 bt
74LS83
A0 A1 A2 A3
B0 B1 B2
B3
S0 S1 S2 S3
C0
C0 C4
Kim tra nhn thc
S mch logic sau y c tng
ng vi b bn tng khng? Chng
minh

Hnh 1
A
B
C
S

Ta c:
A
B
A.B
C=A.B
A+B
B A.
Cu tr li
B A A B B A B B A B B A A A
B A B A B A B A S
= + = + + + =
+ + = + =
. . ) . . . . (
) ( ) ( ) ( .
) ( . B A B A +
S=
2.3.2. B Tr
a .B tr
Chc nng chung ca cc b tr l thc hin cc
php tr nh phn
VD: A = 1111 ; B = 1010. Hy tnh C= A - B
C = A - B =
1 1 1 1

0
1 1 0
15
10
05
1 0 1 0
VD: A = 1111 ; B = 1010. Hy tnh C= A - B
C = A - B =
1 1 0 0
0
1 1 1
12
05
07
0 1 0 1
1 1 1
B na hiu
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
B A H C
a. Bng chn l
b. Hm gi tr
B A C
B A B A B A H
=
= + =
c. S logic
A
B
S
C
* B Tr nh phn 1 bt
Thc cht vic tr cc s nh phn nhiu bt
chnh l vic tr cc cp bt tng ng trong cc
ct thuc cc s nh phn. Ni cch khc vic
Tr cc s nh phn nhiu bt c th quy v vic
tr cc s nh phn 1 bt. Tuy nhin khi tr mt
cp bt chng ta phi tr thm c bt nh (nu
c) t vic tr cp bt trong ct trc .
Mch logic thc hin php tr cc s nh phn 1 bt

Mch tr
1 bt

Ai
Bi
Ci-1
Hi
Ci
Ai; Bi : L cc bt nh phn cn tr vi nhau (chng tng
ng thuc ct th i ca 2 s nh phn A, B)
Ci-1: L bt nh t php cng cc bt trong ct i-1 ca 2 s
A, B
Ci: L bt nh ca chnh php cng cc bt trong ct i ,
nh sang ct tip theo i+1
Hi: L bt kt qu
Bng chn l ca mch tr nh phn 1 bt
Ai Bi Ci-1 Hi Ci
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1
0 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 0
1 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1
Rt gn Hi v Ci
Ai
BiCi-1
Si
00 01 11 10
0
1
Ai
BiCi-1 Ci
00 01 11 10
0
1
1 1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
.
) ( ) .(
) ( ) (

=
==> = +
=
+ =
+ + + =
+ +
+ =
i i i i
i i i
i i
i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i
i i i i i i i
C B A H
T C T C T C
T B A
B A C B A C
B A B A C B A B A C
C B A C B A
C B A C B A H
1
) (

+ + =
i i i i i i
C B A B A C
S mch logic cn thit k
Hi =Ai Bi Ci-1
Ci-1
Bi
Ai
) ( .
1 i i i i i i
B A C B A C + =

B na hiu
1

B na hiu
2
kt st in t
1
2 3 4
5
6 7 8
9
0 S C
B kim tra so snh l mt mch t hp c kh nng thc hin
chc nng so snh hai s nh phn ch ra mi quan h
gia chng.
Gi: F
1
=1 L hm tn hiu ra khi a = b
F
2
=1 L hm tn hiu ra khi a b
Ta lp bng chn l nh sau:
Mi quan h gia hai s nh phn A v B m mch c th
ch ra c l A = B hoc A B.
Gi thit c hai s nh phn 1 bit l a v b

a

b

F
1

F
2

F
3

0

0

0

1

1

0

1

1

0

0

1

1

0

1

1

0

1

1

1

1

2.3.3. B so snh
a. B so snh 2 s nh phn 1 bt
A B F1 F2 F3
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
F1: Bo
hiu A = B
F2 : Bo
hiu AB
B A F
B A F
AB B A F
=
=
+ =
3
2
1
A
B
F1
F2
F3
S logic
b. B so snh 2 s nh phn nhiu bt
B so snh
83
(A < B) = F1
(A =B) = F2
(A > B) = F3
B0
B1
B2
B3
A1
A0
A2
A3
b. B so snh 2 s nh phn n bt
C 2 s nh phn n bt (AnAn-1A1)(BnBn-
1B1), chng ta phi thc hin cc php so snh
trn tng cp bt ly t 2 s t phi qua tri.
u tin so snh An vi Bn. Nu An > Bn hoc
(An < Bn) th quyt nh ngay A > B hoc (A < B).
Nhng nu An= Bn th cha KL c g v phi tip tc
so snh ti cp bt An-1 v Bn-1. Qu trnh tin hnh
tng t cho n khi gp 1 cp bt Ai&Bi sao cho
Ai > Bi hoc Ai < Bi lc ta KL A>B hoc AB
< x x x
> x x x
= < x x
= > x x
= = < x
= = > x
= = = <
= = = >
= = = =
1 0 0
0 0 1
1 0 0
0 0 1
1 0 0
0 0 1
1 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
F1 = (A<B)
(a3<b3) + (a3=b3)(a2<b2) +
(a3=b3)(a2=b2)(a1<b1) + (a3=b3)(a2=b2)(a1=b1)(a0<b0)
F2 = (A=B)
( (a3=b3)(a2=b2)(a1=b1)(a0=b0)
F3 = (A>B)
(a3<b3) + (a3=b3)(a2>b2)
(a3=b3)(a2=b2)(a1>b1) + (a3=b3)(a2=b2)(a1=b1)(a0>b0)
F1= AB
a3 = b3
a1 = b1
a0 > b0
a3 = b3
a2 = b2
a1 > b1
a3 = b3
a3 > b3
a2 > b2
- F
1
= 1 khi A = B
- F
2
= 1 khi A B

Ta gi F
1
, F
2
, F
3
: L cc hm tn hiu u ra ca b so snh
F
11
=1 L hm tn hiu ra khi a
1
= b
1

F
21
2
= b
2

F
31
3
= b
3

F
12
1
 b
1

F
23
2
> b
2

F
33
3
> b
3

Ta c cc tn hiu vo t cc b so snh 1 bit nh sau:
Cn c trn bin lun ta c:
F
1
= F
31
F
21
F
11

F
2
= F
32
+ F
31
F
22
+ F
31
F
21
F
12

F
3
= F
33
+ F
31
F
23
+ F
31
F
21
F
13

F
31

F
32

F
33

F
21

F
22

F
23

F
11

F
12

F
13

F
1
F
2
F
3
Nh v d minh ho u tin, cc em cho bit thit k c
mch kho in t trn kt vi m kho l 4 ch s thp phn th:
1. Ta cn s dng b kim tra so snh bao nhiu bit? Ti sao?
B kim tra so snh 3 bit
2. Ta cn s dng bao nhiu b kim tra so snh? Ti sao?
3 b kim tra so snh
4 b kim tra so snh
5 b kim tra so snh
4 b kim tra so snh
Kho in t
F
11
F
12
F
13
F
14
B kim tra so
snh 4 bit
B kim tra so
snh 4 bit
B kim tra so
snh 4 bit
B kim tra so
snh 4 bit
S
th 1
S
th 2
S
th 3
S
th 4
M
kho
B
M
ho
BCD
Bn
phm s
F
1x
: tn hiu so snh bng ca b kin tra so snh
F
11,
F
12,
F
13,
F
14
:

Tn hiu ra ti cc b so snh 1, 2, 3, 4

Kho
Kho
F
m kho

Bi ton
t ra
Xc nh
s bit
Bin lun
cc trng
hp
a ra
hm
n tp
c trc bi B dn knh (chun b cho bui sau)
Bi 3. B dn knh (Multiplexer - MUX)
L mch logic c u vo v ch c mt

u ra, ti 1 thi im ch c 1 u vo no c

a ra u ra ph thuc vo cc tn hiu chn, tn

hiu chn c a vo thng qua chn chn.
n
2
1. Xy dng s khi
a) Khi nim
- Vi mch hot ng khi u vo cho php E mc

tch cc. Gi s mc tch cc l mc cao th E=1

mch hot ng, E=0 mch khng hot ng.

- Khi MUX lm vic: Nu cc u vo la chn

S
n-1
S
1
S
0
biu din s thp phn i no th

knh Xi s c ara u ra Y.
c) Nguyn tc hot
ng
S tng qut
MUX
.
.
.
Xo
X1
X2
1 2
n
X
So S1
1 n
S
Y
E
X: Cc tn hiu vo
E: Tn hiu chn
S: Cc tn hiu vo
la chn

Y: u ra
Bng chn l tng qut
Cc u vo chn
Sn-1 S2 S1 S0
u
ra
Y
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
0 0 1 1
.
.
1 1 1 1
X0
X1
X2
X0
1 2
n
X
) ... (
... ) . ... (
) ... (
0 1 1 1
1 2
0 1 1 1 1
0 1 1 1 0
S S S S X
S S S S X
S S S S X Y
n n
n n
n n
n

+ +
+ =
VD: Thit k mch MUX c 2 u vo d liu
Io,I1 mt u vo chn S, u ra Z.
Ta c bng chn l nh sau

S Z
0
1
I0
I1
Biu thc logic u ra: Z = I0.S + I1.S
S mch MUX 2 u vo
I0
I1
S
Z
VD: Thit k mch MUX c 4 u vo d liu
X0, X1, X2 , X3 hai u vo chn S0, S1, u ra
Y.
XO
X1
X2
X3
Y
S1 S0
E
0 0
* CHO E=1
+ S1=0,S2=0
+ S1=0,S2=1
1
+ S1=1,S2=0
0
1
+ S1=1,S2=1
1 1
b. Nguyn tc hot
ng
E
S1 S0 Y
1
1
1
1
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
X0
X1
X2
X3
c) Bng chn
l
Quy c
chn c tng u vo ring bit dng 2 -
ng a ch iu khin chn l S1, S2
Gi s b dn knh c lm vic khi E=1 v b
kha khi E=0
Y = ES
1
S
0
X
O
+ES
1
S
0
X
1
+ES
1
S
0
X
2
+ES
1
S
0
X
3

d) Phng trnh logic
E
X
0

X
1

Y
AND
0

AND
1

AND
2

AND
3

S
1

S
0

X
3

X
2

e) S mch logic
3. ng dng ca MUX
* nh tuyn lung d liu
MUX
Cc
knh
vo
Cc
knh
ra
Cc tn hiu chn knh
* S dng chuyn i tn hiu song
song thnh ni tip
* To cc hm logic
) ... (
... ) . ... ( ) ... (
0 1 1 1
1 2
0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
S S S S X
S S S S X S S S S X Y
n n
n n n n
n

+
+ + =
Gi s chng ta thit lp cc gi tr c nh
cho cc
u vo d liu th chng ta c th thit lp c
cc
hm u ra
ng dng ca MUX
DEMUX
MUX
ng truyn dn
Cc
Knh
ra
Cc
Knh
vo
Tng kt
Kim tra nhn thc
Cu hi kim tra
Cu 1: B dn knh 8 u vo d liu
cn
bao nhiu u vo la chn
A.2 B.3 C.4 D.8
Cu2: Thit k b dn knh 8 u vo
d
liu cn bao nhiu cng NOT v
AND
A.2-4 B.3-4 C.2-8 D.3-8
p n
Cu 1: B dn knh 8 u vo d liu
cn
bao nhiu u vo la chn
B.3
Cu2: Thit k b dn knh 8 u vo
d
liu cn bao nhiu cng NOT v
AND
D.3-8
Kim tra nhn thc
Bi tp v nh
Hy thit k b dn knh 8 u vo d
liu?
I7
I6
I5 I4 I3 I2 I1
I0
S0
S1
S2
E
74HC151
Z
IC 74HC151 l IC MUX 8 u vo d liu
Bng chn l IC 74HC151
E S2 S1 S0 Z Z
H
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
X x x
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
H
I0
I1
I2
I3
I4
I5
I6
I7

L
I0
I1
I2
I3
I4
I5
I6
I7

ng dng ca cc MUX
nh tuyn lung d liu
MUX
Cc
knh
vo
Cc
knh
ra
Cc tn hiu chn knh
To cc hm logic
) ... (
... ) . ... ( ) ... (
0 1 1 1
1 2
0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
S S S S X
S S S S X S S S S X Y
n n
n n n n
n

+
+ + =
Gi s chng ta thit lp cc gi tr c
nh cho cc u vo d liu th chng ta c
th thit lp c cc hm u ra
VD: Hy dng IC MUX 74HC151 to hm loogic
3 bin A, B, C nh sau:
ABC C B A C B A Z + + =
CBA I A CB I A B C I A B C I
BA C I A B C I A B C I C B C I Z
7 6 5 4
3 2 1 0
+ + +
+ + + + =

ABC C B A C B A Z + + =
Th I1=1; I2 = 1; I7 = 1;
I0 = I3 = I4 = I5 = I6 = 0
S thc hin hm Z mong mun da
vo IC 74HC151
I7
I6
I5 I4 I3 I2 I1
I0
S0
S1
S2
E
74HC151
Z
5V
A
B
C
2.3.5. B phn knh ( DE MUX)
n
2

L mch logic c 1 u vo v c u ra,
ti 1

thi im u vo d liu c a ra mt u ra

no ph thuc vo n tn hiu u vo chn
0 1 1
S S S
n
S tng qut
DEMUX
.
.
.
X
So S1
1 n
S
Y0
E
X: u vo
E: Tn hiu chn
S: Cc tn hiu
vo la chn
Yi: u ra
Y1
Bng chn l tng qut
Cc u vo chn
Sn-1 S2 S1 S0
u ra
Y2 Y1 Y0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
0 0 1 1
.
.
1 1 1 1
0 0 0 X
0 0 X 0
0 X 0 0
.
.
.
X 0 0 0
1 2
n
Y
) ... (
.....
) . ... (
) ... (
0 1 1 1
1 2
0 1 1 1 1
0 1 1 1 0
S S S S X Y
S S S S X Y
S S S S X Y
n n
n n
n n
n

=
=
=
Vi mch s c hot ng khi tn hiu
chn mch E mc tch cc
Khi DEMUX lm vic, cc u vo nh phn
Sn-1S1S0 biu din mt s thp phn i no ,
lc u vo X ca DEMUX s c a ra ti u
ra d liu duy nht Yi
Biu thc logic ca cc u ra Yi, theo u
vo d liu X v cc u vo chn Si nh sau
VD: Thit k mch DEMUX c 2 u ra d liu
Y0, Y1 v mt u vo d liu X, mt u chn S
S Y1 Y0
0
1
0 X
X 0
* Ta c bng Chn l ca mch cn thit k nh sau:
* Biu thc u ra Y0, Y1 nh sau
S X Y
S X Y
.
.
1
0
=
=
* S mch DEMUX 2 u ra nh sau
X
S
Y1
Y0
ng dng b phn knh
Dng phn knh tn hiu ng h
Trong trng hp ny cc mch phn knh c s
dng a mt tn hiu ng h ln lt ra cc knh
u ra ng b thng tin cc knh
Dng phn knh trong h thng truyn d liu
ng b
Trong H/thng truyn tin ng b thng
pha pht cc knh tn hiu c dn li sau c
pht ra knh truyn dn, nhim v pha thu l
phi tch cc knh thng tin ring l khi nhn c 1
lung d liu duy nht t knh truyn dn. lm
c vic ny pha thu phi c b phn knh
DEMUX
MUX
ng truyn dn
Cc
Knh
ra
Cc
Knh
vo
2.3.7.Cc mch chuyn m
2.3.7.1 Cc b m ha
B chuyn i m l mch logic nhn mt
loi m u vo, bin i a ra loi m theo
yu cu u ra. Cc b chuyn i m li c th
c chia lm 2 loi l b m ha v b gii m
M ha l qu trnh dng vn hay k hiu
biu th 1 i tng.
Nu dng m nh phn biu th i tng
Qu trnh m ha nh phn. 1 k t nh phn c
2 gtr 0&1, tng ng vi vic biu din 2 tn hiu.
Hay nu dng n k t nh phn(n s nguyn)s
biu din c tn hiu khc nhau
n
2
B m ha
(ENCODER)
A0
A2
AM-1
A1
O0
O1
ON-1
O2
S tng qut b m ha
VD: B m ha nh phn
Gi s: N=8=
n
2
8 u vo ca b m ha xut hin k t Y0, Y1, Y2,
Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6, Y7 cn 3 bt biu din 8 tn
hiu
vo ny u ra tng ng A, B, C.
Vy b m ha thc hin qu trnh bin i 1
trong
8 ng thnh 3 ng.
Tn hiu vo Cc hm ra
C B A
Y0
Y1
Y2
Y3
Y4
Y5
Y6
Y7
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
Bng chn l
Cc em hy ti thiu ha cc u ra
p n:
7 5 3
1
7 5 3 1
7 6 3
2
7 6 3 2
7 6 5
4
7 6 5 4
. . .
. . .
. . .
Y Y Y Y
Y Y Y Y A
Y Y Y Y
Y Y Y Y B
Y Y Y Y
Y Y Y Y C
=
+ + + =
=
+ + + =
=
+ + + =
Cu trc b m ha
Y7 Y6 Y5 Y4 Y3 Y2 Y1
C
B
A
VD: B m ha Thp phn nh phn

L mch in chuyn 1 k t thp phn ti
u vo 0, 1, 29 thnh 1 t m biu din s nh
phn tng ng trong h nh phn ti u ra.
S dng 4 bt nh phn A, B, C, D biu
din
cc k t 0 9
Tn hiu vo Cc hm ra
D C B A
(0) Y0
(1) Y1
(2) Y2
(3) Y3
(4) Y4
(5) Y5
(6) Y6
(7) Y7
(8) Y8
(9) Y9
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 0
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 1
Bng chn l
Cc em hy ti thiu ha cc u ra
p n:
9 7 5 3
1
9 7 5 3 1
7 6 3
2
7 6 3 2
7 6 5
4
7 6 5 4
9
8
9 8
. . . .
. . .
. . .
.
Y Y Y Y Y
Y Y Y Y Y A
Y Y Y Y
Y Y Y Y B
Y Y Y Y
Y Y Y Y C
Y Y
Y Y D
=
+ + + + =
=
+ + + =
=
+ + + =
=
+ =
Cc em hy t v s cu trc
chng minh:
-Nu chn cc phng php m ha khc nhau
Cu trc ca s logic s rt khc nhau
-Trong tt c Cc phng php m ha c th
c 1 phng php cho cu trc n gin nht
Phng php m ha ti u
- Vic chn ra phng php ti u l phc tp
2.3.7.2 Cc b gii m
Mch ny c nhim v bin i m nhn
c thnh m ban u.
B gii m
(CODER)
A0
A2
AM-1
A1
O0
O1
ON-1
O2
S tng qut b m ha
1. Thit k b gii m BCD sang thp phn
a) S khi
BCD 10
0
2
9
1
D
C
A
B
.
Cc hm ra
D C B A

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 0
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 0

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
x x x x x x x x x x
Cc em hy t ti thiu ha cc u ra
CD
AB
0
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
1 0
CD
AB
1
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
CD
AB
2
00 01 11
00
01
11
10
CD
AB
3
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
0
0
0 0 0 0
0 0
1
0
1
0 0 0
0 0
0
0
0
0
0 0
0
0 0 0
0 0
1 0 0 0
0
0
0 0
0 0
x x
x
x
x
x
x x x x
x x
x x x x
x
x
x x
x
x
x x
D C B A = 0
D C B A = 1
CD B = 3
D C B = 2
CD
AB
4
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
CD
AB
5
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
CD
AB
6
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
CD
AB
7
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
0
1
0 0 0
0
0
0
0 0
1
0 0 0 0
0 0
0
0 0
x x x
x
x
x
0
0
0
0
1 0 0 0
0
0
x x x x
x x
x
x
x x
x
x
0
1
0 0 0
0
0
0
0 0
x x x x
x x
D C B = 5
D BC = 6
D C B = 4
BCD = 7
CD
AB
8
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
CD
AB
9
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
0
0 0 0
0
0
0
0 1
0
x x x x
x x
0
1
0 0 0
0 0
0
0
0
x x x x
x x
D A = 8
AD = 9
Cc em hy t v s logic
2. Thit k b gii m BCD sang 7 thanh
a) S khi
BCD 7seg
a
c
g
b
D
C
A
B
.
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
D C B A a b c d e f g
(0) 0 0 0 0
(1) 0 0 0 1
(2) 0 0 1 0
(3) 0 0 1 1
(4) 0 1 0 0
(5) 0 1 0 1
(6) 0 1 1 0
(7) 0 1 1 1
(8) 1 0 0 0
(9) 1 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 0
0 1 1 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 0 0 1
0 1 1 0 0 1 1
1 0 1 1 0 1 1
1 0 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 0 1 1
b) Bng gi tr
Cc em hy t ti thiu ha cc u ra
CD
AB
a
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
CD
AB
c
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
CD
AB
b
00 01 11
00
01
11
10
CD
AB
d
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
0
1
1
1 1 1 0
1 1
1
x x
x
x
x
x
1 1 1 1
0
1 0 1
1 1
x x x x
x x
1 1 1 0
1 1
1
1
1
1
x x x x
x
x
1 0 1 1
1
0
1 0
1 1
x x
x
x
x x
BD D B A C a + + + =
C D B c + + =
D B D C B C A d + + + =
CD D C B b + + =
CD
AB
e
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
1 0
CD
AB
g
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
CD
AB
f
00 01 11
00
01
11
10
0
1
1 0 0 0
1 0
0 1
0 0 1 1
1 0
1
1
1
1
0 0
1
0 1 1
1 1
1
x x
x
x
x
x
x x x x
x x
x x x x
x
x
D C D B e + =
B C C B D C A g + + + =
D B A C B D C f + + + =
Cc em t v s logic
2.3.6. Mch to v kim tra chn l
Trong cc h thng thng tin, pha thu i
khi nhn c cc thng tin b sai (so vi pha
pht) do nhiu nguyn nhn. Do vy h thng
phi c h thng pht hin v sa li. Mt trong
c ch n gin nht l phng php s dng cc
m chn l (m PARITY).
Phng php: pha pht mi khi pht i 1
nhm bt no s pht km theo 1 bt PARITY
(bt chn l)c th l bt 0 hoc 1 m bo
tnh chn hay l ca s bt 1 trong nhm (tnh
c bt PARITY)
S bt 1 trong nhm l chn hay l l do quy c
to m PARITY chn hay l
VD: pha pht s pht km bt PARITY theo cc
nhm 7 bt (gi s s dng m PARITY chn)
Mun pht 7 bt 1111100 th bt PARITY km
theo l phi l 1 v nhm 8 bt pht i l 11111100
Bt PARITY
Nh vy s bt 1 l 6 (tha mn PARITY) chn
Hay mun pht 7 bt 1110001 th bt PARITY km
theo l bt 0 v nhm 8 bt pht i l 01110001
Bt PARITY
Tng t trong trng hp m PARITY l th bt
PARITY c km theo nhm bt cn m ha l 0, 1
m bo s bt 1 l l
VD: Khi pht nhm bt 01110001 th s bt 1 l 4
(chn) nhng khi mt bt no b bin i VD
bt cui cng th nhm bt ny tr thnh
01110000 S bt 1 l 3 (l) v vi bt bt k no
cng vy s lm thay i tnh chn l ca m
PARITY.
Nh vy nu pha thu kim tra tnh chn l
ca m nhn c, nu pht hin tnh chn l b
sai th h thng hon ton pht hin c ra li.
Ch : Pha pht v thu phi ng nht cng mt
loi m PARITY
Phng php ny ch pht hin ra li n, cn cc
li kp th h thng khng nhn ra li.
Chng 3. Mch Flip - Flop
3.1. Phn t nh c bn
a) Khi nim
- Mch t hp l mch tn hiu ra ch ph thuc
vo tn hiu vo. Cc phn t c bn xy dng nn
h t hp l cc mch AND, OR, NAND, NOR.
Mch ny khng c nh. Thc t t ra nhiu
nhim
v m ch cc mch t hp th khng thc hin
c.

- Mch dy(mch tun t) l mch tn hiu ra ph
thuc khng nhng vo tn hiu vo m cn ph
thuc vo trng thi trong ca mch, ngha l mch
c lu tr, nh cc trng thi. xy dng mch
dy, ngoi cc mch t hp c bn nh AND, OR,
NOTcn phi c cc phn t nh. Cc mch ny
c gi l Flip Flop (FF) Chng l cc phn t
nh n bt v c kh nng nh c 1 ch s nh
phn

b) nh ngha
FF l phn t c kh nng lu tr (nh) 1 trong 2
trng thi 0 hoc 1

Q
Q
u vo iu
khin
Ck
Pr
Clr
FF c t 1 n vi u
vo iu khin
C 2 u ra lun ngc
nhau l Q v Q
Ty tng loi FF do ch to
cn c u vo xa, u
vo thit lp.
c) Phn loi
-Phn loi theo tn hiu iu khin
- Phn loi theo chc nng
* Khng c tn hiu iu khin (Khng ng
b)
* C tn hiu iu khin (ng b)

Cc k hiu v tnh tch cc
Tch cc l mc thp L
Tch cc l mc cao H
Tch cc sn dng ca xung nhp
Tch cc sn m ca xung nhp
3.2. Cc loi FF
3.2.1. SR-FF
SR-FF l loi FF n gin nht, ch c 2 u
vo iu khin trc tip R (RESET) v S (SET).
Mch khng c u vo iu khin ng b v
xung nhp
S
R
Q
Q
FF
S
R
Q
Q
FF
a. Khi nim v mch cht
R
S
Q
Q
* Mch cht SR dng NAND
Cc u vo S, R
Cc u ra Q, Q
1
2
S mch c ch to t cc cng NAND
* Nguyn l hot ng
Trng hp 1: R= S = 1; Q = 0 Q = 1
NAND1
S=1
Q=1
Q=0
NAND2
R=1
Q=0
Q=1
y l trng
thi n
nh ca
mch, m
khng c s
thay i cc
u vo
R
S
Q
Q
1
2
Trng hp 2: R= S = 1; Q = 1 Q = 0
Cc em t xt s n nh ca mch
tng t nh TH1
Kt Lun: Khi S=1; R=1 ta lun c trng thi
u ra mch khng i so vi u vo.
(trng thi n nh)
Chng ta xt s chuyn trng thi ca mch
trn khi c s thay i u vo.
Gi nguyn u vo R=1
Chuyn mc logic ca u vo S t 1 v 0
(S=0)
Nu R=1
S chuyn 1 0
Q = 0
Q = 1
NAND1: S=0
Q=1

Q=1
NAND2: R=1
Q=1
Q=0
Q=0 a tr v u vo NAND1, lc u
ra
Q vn =1.y l trng thi n nh
R
S
Q
Q
1
2
Gi nguyn u vo R=1
Chuyn mc logic ca u vo S t 1 v 0
(S=0)
Nu R=1
S chuyn 1 0
Q = 1
Q = 0
NAND1: S=0
Q=0

Q=1
NAND2 : R=1
Q=1
Q=0
Q=0 a tr v u vo NAND1, lc u ra Q vn
=1.Theo vng lp trn gi y Q=1 v =0y l
trng thi n nh mi
R
S
Q
Q
1
2
Q
Kt Lun: Khi S=0; R=1 ta lun a mch
v trng thi Q=1; Q=0
Gi nguyn u vo S=1
Chuyn mc logic ca u vo R t 0 v 1
(R=1)
Nu S=1
R chuyn 0 1
Q = 0
Q = 1
NAND1: S=1
Q=1

Q=0
NAND2: R=1
Q= 0
Q=1
Q=0 a tr v u vo NAND2, lc u
ra
Q vn =1.y l trng thi n nh mi
R
S
Q
Q
1
2
Gi nguyn u vo S=1
Chuyn mc logic ca u vo R t 1 v 0
(R=0)
Nu S=1
R chuyn 1 0
Q = 0
Q = 1
NAND2: R=0
Q=0

NAND1: S=1
Q= 1
Q=0
Q=1
Tm li vng lp gi y Q=1; Q=0 l trng
thi n nh mi
R
S
Q
Q
1
2
Kt Lun: Khi S=1; R=0 ta lun a mch
v trng thi Q=0; Q=1
Trng hp 3: R= S = 0
y l trng thi khng s dng (cm) v lm
cho c Q v chuyn ln mc logic1
y l trng thi khng mong mun v Q v
theo thit k phi c gi tr o nhau
u vo R=0, S=0 l t hp cm i vi
cc mch SR
Q
Q
Bng chn l hot ng mch SR cu trc t NAND.
S R u ra Q
0 0 - (Cm)
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 1 Q(Khng i)
Nhn xt: Khi S=0 th Q=1
Khi R=0 th Q=0
Nn thng gi S: u vo thit lp
R: u vo xa
K hiu mch SR cu trc t cc NAND
S
R
Q
Q
FF
* Mch cht SR dng NOR
Cc u vo S, R
Cc u ra Q, Q
R
S
Q
Q
1
2
Cc em t phn tch nguyn l hot ng
Ca mch tng t nh mch trn
Bng chn l hot ng mch SR cu trc t NOR.
S R u ra Q
0 0 Q (Khng i)
0 1 0
1 0 1
1 1 - (Cm)
K hiu mch SR cu trc t cc NOR
S
R
Q
Q
FF
b) Cc FF ng b
Phn trn chng ta xt mch SR nhng
vi phng din mch cht. V trng thi mc
nh cc u vo R=S khng i lc u ra
lun c gi(cht) ti mt gi tr khng i.
u ra s thay i khi c u vo no
b bin i. y chnh l vn ny sinh
trong 1 h thng s s dng nhiu phn t nh,
bi chng ta kh qun l thi im chuyn trng
thi ca tt c chng. Gii quyt vn ny ta
phi i n thit k cc FF ng b.
Cc FF phi thit k sao cho phi c thm
1 tn hiu ng h u vo. Tn hiu ny thng
c dng xung vung, khi s chuyn trng
thi ca FF ch c th c thc hin ti thi
im xut hin ca sn trc hay sn sau ca
xung ng h.
K hiu FF ng b s dng cc xung ng h
hay ng b kch bng sn trc(sn dng) hay sn
sau(sn m)

Q
Q
CLK
(Kch bng s-
n dng)
u vo
iu khin
Q
Q
CLK
(Kch bng
sn m)
u vo
iu khin
1. Cc SR - FF ng b
a. K hiu
Q
Q
CLK
S
R
b. Bng chn l
S R CLK Q
0 0 q
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 1 -
q: Trng thi ca u ra
Q trc khi c xung kch
thch
2. JK - FF
a. K hiu
Q
Q
CLK
J
K
b. Bng chn l
J K CLK Q
0 0 q
0 1 0
1 0 1
1 1 q
Lc miu t s thay i trng thi u ra
Q ca JKFF khi c cc u vo J,K v tn hiu
ng h tng ng
CLK
J
K
Q
3. D - FF
a. K hiu
Q
Q
CLK
D
b. Bng chn l D CLK Q
0 0
1 1
(DFF lt bng sn dng)
Lc miu t s thay i trng thi u ra Q
ca DFF khi c cc u vo D v tn hiu ng h
tng ng
D
CLK
Q
4. T - FF
a. K hiu
Q
Q
CLK
T
b. Bng chn l
T CLK Q
0 q
1 q
(DFF lt bng sn dng)
Lc miu t s thay i trng thi u ra Q
ca TFF khi c cc u vo T v tn hiu ng h t-
ng ng
T
CLK
Q
3.3. S chuyn i gia cc FF
t vn :
phn trn chng ta xt bng chn l ca
cc FF. Qua ta hon ton c th xc nh
u ra ca cc FF khi bit cc u vo v trng
thi trc ca chng.
Khi thit k mch logic c nh th ta phi
lm ngc li, Ngha l bit trng thi trc ca
FF phi xc nh cc u vo nh th no
u ra l trng thi mong mun.
q Q D
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 1 1
I. Cc bng ng dng
a) DFF
Nhn xt: u vo kch D lun c gi tr ging
gi tr Q. (ni cch khc mun Q c gi tr bao
nhiu th u vo D phi c thit lp trc gi tr
by nhiu)
q: Trng thi trc
ca mch
Q:Trng thi mi cn
chuyn n
D: u vo
q Q T
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
Cc bng ng dng (tip)
b) TFF
Nhn xt: Mun trng thi tip theo ca mch o
trng thi trc th phi c u vo kch T=1, cn
ngc li mun gi nguyn trng thi FF th u vo
kch T=0
q: Trng thi trc
ca mch
Q:Trng thi mi cn
chuyn n
T: u vo
Cc bng ng dng (tip)
c) JK-FF
q: Trng thi trc
ca mch
Q:Trng thi mi cn
chuyn n
J, K: u vo
X : L cc c gi
tr ty (0 hoc 1)
q Q J K
0 0 0 X
0 1 1 X
1 0 X 1
1 1 X 0
Cc bng ng dng (tip)
d) SR-FF
q: Trng thi trc
ca mch
Q:Trng thi mi cn
chuyn n
S, R: u vo
X: L cc c gi
tr ty (0 hoc 1)
q Q S R
0 0 0 X
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1
1 1 X 0
II. S chuyn i gia cc FF
1. Khi nim
Nguyn tc chung xy dng 1 mch logic
c chc nng ging mt FF X no , da vo mt
FF X c. Th hin lc sau
Mch logic
Cn thit k
FF X
Q
Q
u
vo
X
Mch logic ca FF X
u
ra
Nhn xt:
Vic chuyn i cc FF thc cht l phi xy
dng c mch logic cn thit. Mch ny bao gm
cc u vo l cc u vo FF cn thit k. Cc
u ra chnh l u ra ca FF c.
xy dng phn mch logic ta da trn nguyn
tc ng nht bng kch ca FF X v FF X.
Ngha l: Khi cc u vo ca FF-X cn thit
k lm thay i trng thi u ra ca n, th ng
thi cc u vo ca trng thi ny cng to ra cc tn
hiu vo tng ng cho FF X, sao cho X cng chuyn
trng thi ging ht nh X. V ta thy u ra ca X& X
l nh nhau
Mch logic
Cn thit k
SR-FF
Q
Q
2. S chuyn i gia SR-FF sang JK-FF
J
K
R
S
Mch logic ca JK-FF
q Q J K S R
0 0 0 x 0 x
0 1 1 x 1 0
1 0 x 1 0 1
1 1 x 0 x 0
a) Bng kch
q: Trng thi trc
Q: Trng thi cn chuyn n
q Q J K S R
0 0 0 x 0 x
0 1 1 x 1 0
1 0 x 1 0 1
1 1 x 0 x 0
b) Bng chn l ca S
q J K S
0 0 x 0
0 1 x 1
1 x 1 0
1 x 0 x
S
q
JK
00
01
11 10
0
1
0 0 1 1
x
0
0
x
J q S . =
Bng Karnaugh S
q Q J K S R
0 0 0 x 0 x
0 1 1 x 1 0
1 0 x 1 0 1
1 1 x 0 x 0
c) Bng chn l ca R
q J K R
0 0 x x
0 1 x 0
1 x 1 1
1 x 0 0
R
q
JK
00
01
11 10
0
1
x x 0 0
0
1
1
0
K q R . =
Bng Karnaugh R
J
K
Mch chuyn i
Q
Q
R
S
Mch logic
Cn thit k
SR-FF
Q
Q
3. S chuyn i gia SR-FF sang D-FF
D
R
S
Mch logic ca SK-FF
q Q D S R
0 0 0 0 x
0 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 1
1 1 1 x 0
a) Bng kch
q: Trng thi trc
q Q D S R
0 0 0 0 x
0 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 1
1 1 1 x 0
b) Bng chn l ca S
q D S
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 1 x
S
q
D
0
1
0
1
0 1
0
x
D S =
Bng Karnaugh S
q Q D S R
0 0 0 0 x
0 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 1
1 1 1 x 0
c) Bng chn l ca R
q D R
0 0 x
0 1 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
R
q
D
0
1
0
1
x 0
1
0
D S =
Bng Karnaugh R
SR-FF
Q
Q
R
S D
Mch chuyn i
Mch logic
Cn thit k
SR-FF
Q
Q
4. S chuyn i gia SR-FF sang T-FF
T
R
S
Mch logic ca T-FF
q Q T S R
0 0 0 0 x
0 1 1 1 0
1 0 1 0 1
1 1 1 x 0
a) Bng kch
q: Trng thi trc
q Q T S R
0 0 0 0 x
0 1 1 1 0
1 0 1 0 1
1 1 0 x 0
b) Bng chn l ca S
q T S
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 1 0
1 0 x
S
q
T
0
1
0
1
0 1
x
0
T q S . =
Bng Karnaugh S
q Q T S R
0 0 0 0 x
0 1 1 1 0
1 0 1 0 1
1 1 0 x 0
c) Bng chn l ca R
q T R
0 0 x
0 1 0
1 1 1
1 0 0
R
q
D
0
1
0
1
x 0
0
1
T q S . =
Bng Karnaugh R
R
q
D
0
1
0
1
SR-FF
Q
Q
R
S
T
Mch chuyn i
5. S chuyn i gia JK-FF sang D-FF
Mch logic
Cn thit k
D JK-FF
Q
Q
J
K
Mch logic ca D-FF
q Q D J K
0 0 0 0 x
0 1 1 1 x
1 0 0 x 1
1 1 1 x 0
a) Bng kch
q: Trng thi trc
q Q D J K
0 0 0 0 x
0 1 1 1 x
1 0 0 x 1
1 1 1 x 0
b) Bng chn l ca J
q D J
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 x
1 1 x
J
q
D
0
1
0
1
0 1
x
x
D S =
Bng Karnaugh S
q Q D J K
0 0 0 0 x
0 1 1 x 1
1 0 0 1 x
1 1 1 x 0
c) Bng chn l ca K
q D K
0 0 x
0 1 1
1 0 x
1 1 0
K
q
D
0
1
0
1
x x
1
0
D S =
Bng Karnaugh K
SR-FF
Q
Q
J
K
D
Mch chuyn i
6. S chuyn i gia JK-FF sang T-FF
Mch logic
Cn thit k
JK-FF
Q
Q
T
J
K
Mch logic ca T-FF
q Q T J K
0 0 0 0 x
0 1 1 1 x
1 0 1 x 1
1 1 0 x 0
a) Bng kch
q: Trng thi trc
q Q T J K
0 0 0 0 x
0 1 1 1 x
1 0 1 x 1
1 1 0 x 0
b) Bng chn l ca J
q T J
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 1 x
1 0 x
J
q
T
0
1
0
1
0 1
x
x
T S =
Bng Karnaugh S
q Q T J K
0 0 0 0 x
0 1 1 1 x
1 0 1 x 1
1 1 0 x 0
c) Bng chn l ca K
q T K
0 0 x
0 1 x
1 1 1
1 0 0
K
q
T
0
1
0
1
x x
1
0
T S =
Bng Karnaugh K
SR-FF
Q
Q
J
K
T
Mch chuyn i
3.4. Cc ng dng ca FF
3.4.1. B m
I. Khi nim
B m l 1 mch dy tun hon c 1 u vo
m v 1 u ra, mch c s trng thi trong bng
chnh h s m (k hiu K). Di tc dng ca tn
hiu vo m mch s chuyn t trng thi ny n
trng thi khc theo 1 th t nht nh.
C sau K tn hiu vo m, mch li tr v
trng thi xut pht ban u
3.4.1. B m
S b m

B m c
s K

u vo m (x) u ra m (y)
- B m l mch logic c nh, v trng thi m
ca cc b m ng nhin phi ph thuc vo
trng thi trc .
- B m gi l c c s k khi m n chuyn
qua k trng thi khc nhau, sau quay tr li
trng thi ban u.
VD: B m s thp phn c s 10.
- u tin c gi tr m l 0, c sau khi c 1 xung
kch n tng ln 1, 2, 3 n gi tr 9. Nu chng ta
tip tc kch xung b m li quay v gi tr 0 v
lc xut hin 1 xung u ra y.
- C b m tng, gim, Thm ch c th m theo
1 bng m cho trc.
- Trong qu trnh m chng ta mun hin th gi
tr hin hnh m b m ang m c. lm -
c iu ny, trng thi hin hnh ca b m (thng
l u ra ca cc FF) c qua mch gii m v hin
th bng n LED
B m
c s k

B gii m

Hin th

u vo m u ra m
II. Phn loi b m
B m
P/loi
theo
cch
lm
vic
P/loi
theo
K
P/loi
theo h-
ng
m
P/loi
theo
kh
nng
lp
trnh
ng
b
Ko
ng
b
n
K 2 =
n
K 2 =
m
thun
m
nghc
h
C
th LT
ko
th LT
1. Phn loi theo s ng b
a. Cc b m ng b: Trong cc b m loi ny
cc FF c kch bi cng 1 xung ng h
b. Cc b m khng ng b: Trong cc b m
loi ny cc FF c th khng c kch cng bi 1
xung ng h, nn s chuyn trng thi ca cc FF
trong cc b m loi ny c th khng ng thi.
2. Phn loi theo s hng m
a. Cc b m tng (m thun): L b m m mi
khi c tn hiu vo m X th trng thi trong ca
b m tng ln 1
Vd: B m ang trng thi S5: 110 khi c tn hiu
vo m X n s chuyn sang trng thi S6: 110
b. Cc b m gim (m li): L b m m mi khi
c tn hiu vo m X th trng thi trong ca b
m gim i 1.
Vd: Ban u b m ang trng thi S9: 1001 khi c
tn hiu X n s chuyn sang trng thi S8: 1000
c. B m thun nghch: B m ny va c kh
nng m thun, va c kh nng m nghch.
Trong trng hp ny phi a thm tn hiu iu
khin m thun hay m nghch
B m
thun nghch
X Y
CTN
CTN: Tn hiu iu khin vic m thun hay
nghch
3. Phn loi theo c s m
a. Cc b m c s y l cc b m m s
trng thi chuyn qua ca n l ly tha ca 2.
D thit k.
b. Cc b m c s khc y l cc b m m
s trng thi chuyn qua ca n khng l ly tha
ca 2. Kh thit k hn.
n
2
n
2
Bi ton phn tch h Logic c nh
1. Ni dung
a. Gi thit: Cho s nguyn l h logic c nh
b. Kt lun: Tm hiu s nguyn l ca h logic
c nh
- Bng Trng thi
- hnh trng thi
- V th thi gian
2. Cc bc thc hin
a. Nhn xt
b. Vit phng trnh hm kch
c. Lp bng kch
d. Vit biu thc hm ra
e. Lp bng trng thi
Bi tp minh ho
Bi tp 1: Phn tch b m tin Khng ng
b
(KB) 4 bt (c s 16)
D
D
C
C
A
A
B
B
Li gii:
Nhn xt: - y l h logic c nh
- Khng ng b
- Cc FF lt bng sn m ca
xung nhp. Nn s chuyn trng thi ca cc FF
ch c thc hin khi c s kch thch ca
xung
nhp t 1 0
Bng chn l
D C B A S xung nhp ng h m

1
1
0
1
0 0 0 0
0
0
0
0
1
0 0
1 1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1 0
1
1 0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1 0
1
0
0 1
1
1
0 1
1
0
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
4
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
0
1
2
3
5
A, B, C, D l cc u ra tng ng ca cc FF
Bi tp 2: Phn tch b m 8, tin, KB sau
T T T
FF
A
FF
B
FF
C
Q Q Q
Xung
m
Cp
A
B
C
Li gii:
- Khng ng b
xung nhp. Nn s chuyn trng thi ca cc FF
ch c thc hin khi c s kch thch ca
xung
nhp t 1 0
Bng chn l
S
xung
C B A
0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1
2 0 1 0
3 0 1 1
4 1 0 0
5 1 0 1
6 1 1 0
7 1 1 1
8 0 0 0
Bi tp 3: Phn tch b m 8, li, KB sau
T T T
FF
A
FF
B
FF
C
Q Q Q
Xung
m
Cp
Q Q Q
A B
C
Li gii:
- Khng ng b
xung nhp. V ta ni vo T cho nn khi Q
chuyn trng thI t 1 v 0 th s o li t 0
v 1
Bng chn l
Q
Q
S
xung
C B A
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1
2 1 1 0
3 1 0 1
4 1 0 0
5 0 1 1
6 0 1 0
7 0 0 1
8 0 0 0
Mch m KB c nhc im l tch lu s
ch tr ca cc FF
Bi tp 2: Phn tch h logic sau
m xung, h m 8, thun, B
J1
Q1
Q1
K1
J2
K2
Q2
Q2
J3
K3
Q3
Q3
1
1
Li gii:
a. Nhn xt:
- y l h logic c nh - ng b (chu tc ng
1 xung H)
J1 = 1 J2 = q1 J3 = q1.q2
K1 = 1 K2 = q1 K3 = q1.q2
c. Lp bng kch
q1 q2 q3 J1 K1 J2 K2 J3 K3
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
J1 = 1
K1 = 1
J2 = q1
J3 = q1.q2
K2 = q1
K3 = q1.q2
d. Vit biu thc hm ra
Khng c
e. Lp bng trng thi
* Bng Trng thi l thuyt
q1 q2 q3 Q1 Q2 Q3
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 1 0 1
0 1 0 1 1 0
0 1 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 1 1
1 1 0 0 0 1
1 1 1 0 0 0
q1 q2 q3 Q1 Q2 Q3
0 0 0 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 0 1
0 0 1 1 0 1
1 0 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 0 0 0
* Bng Trng thi thc t
f. hnh trng thi
0
1
2 3
4 5 6
7
Xung C Xung C Xung C
Xung C
Xung C Xung C
Xung C
Xung C
Bi tp 3: Phn tch h logic sau
H m 10, thun, B
J1
Q1
Q1
K1
J2
K2
Q2
Q2
J3
K3
Q3
Q3
J4
K4
Q4
Q4
1
1
Li gii:
a. Nhn xt:
- y l h logic c nh - ng b (chu tc ng
1 xung H)
J1 = 1 J2 = q1.q4 J3 = q1.q2 J4 = q1.q2.q3
K1 = 1 K2 = q1 K3 = q1.q2 K3 = q1
c. Lp bng kch
q1 q2 q3 q4 J1 K1 J2 K2 J3 K3 J4 K4
0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
J1 = 1
K1 = 1
J2 = q1.q4
K2 = q1
J3 = q1.q2
K3 = q1.q2
J4 = q1.q2.q3
K3 = q1
q1 q2 q3 q4 J1 K1 J2 K2 J3 K3 J4 K4
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1
1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1
1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1
1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1
1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1
1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
J1 = 1
K1 = 1
J2 = q1.q4
K2 = q1
J3 = q1.q2
K3 = q1.q2
J4 = q1.q2.q3
K3 = q1
d. Bng trng thi l thuyt
q1 q2 q3 q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1
0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1
0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
q1 q2 q3 q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0
1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
d. Bng trng thi thc t
q1 q2 q3 q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Xung
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2
0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 3
1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 4
0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 5
1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 6
0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 7
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 8
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 9
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
f. hnh trng thi
0
1
2 3
6 7 8
9
Xung C Xung C Xung C
Xung C
Xung C
Xung C
Xung C
Xung C
4
5
Xung C
Xung C
Luyn
tp
Bi 1: Phn tch h m xung, m 8, thun,
KB
D
D
C
C
B
B
Q1
Q1
Q2
Q2
Q3
Q3
Xg
1
1
1
1
1
1
Luyn
tp
KB
J1
Q1
Q1
K1
J2
K2
Q2
Q2
J3
K3
Q3
Q3
J4
K4
Q4
Q4
1
1
1
1
1
1
Luyn
tp
KB
C s dng u vo xa
T1
CLR
T2
CLR
T3
CLR
Q1
Q1
Q2
Q2
Q3
Q3
Xg
1
1
1
1
1
1
Bi ton thit k h Logic c nh
1. Ni dung
a. Gi thit: Cho h logic c nh 1 trong nhng
dng sau
- Bng Trng thi
- hnh trng thi
- M t thng qua cc mnh
b. Kt lun: V s ca h logic
2. Cc bc thc hin
a. a ra bng trng thi m ha
b. a ra bng kch
c. Ti thiu hm kch v hm ra
d. V s
Bi tp minh ho
Bi tp 1: Thit k b m 8, thun, B
Li gii:
a.Bng trng thi
Tng qut
s Xung C
0 1
1 2
2 3
3 4
4 5
5 6
6
7
7
0
b.Bng m ha
trng thi
s q1 q2 q3
0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1
2 0 1 0
3 0 1 1
4 1 0 0
5 1 0 1
6
1 1 0
7
1 1 1
c.Bng trng thi
m ho
q1 q2 q3
Q1 Q2 Q3
0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 1 1
0 1 1 1 0 0
1 0 0 1 0 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 0 1 1 1
1 1 1 0 0 0
d.Bng kch (chn phn t JK-FF)

q1 q2 q3
Q1
J1 K1
Q2
J2 K2
Q3
J3 K3
0 0 0 0 x 0 x 1 x
0 0 1 0 x 1 x x 1
0 1 0 0 x x 0 1 x
0 1 1 1 x x 1 x 1
1 0 0 x 0 0 x 1 x
1 0 1 x 0 1 x x 1
1 1 0 x 0 x 0 1 x
1 1 1 x 1 x 1 x 1
e.Ti thiu hm kch
q1
q2q3
J1
1
00 10
0
x x x
01 11
1
x
q1
q2q3
K1
1
00 10
0
1
x x
01 11
x x
q1
q2q3
J2
1
00 10
0
x 1
x
01 11
1
x
x
q1
q2q3
K2
1
00 10
0
1 x
1
01 11
x
0
x
e.Ti thiu hm kch
q1
q2q3
J3
1
00 10
0
x x 1
01 11
x
x 1 1
1
q1
q2q3
K3
1
00 10
0
1 1 x
01 11
1
1 x x
x
e.Ti thiu hm kch
3 3
3 3
q K
q J
=
=
3 2
3 2
q K
q J
=
=
3 2 1
3 2 1
.
.
q q K
q q J
=
=
f. V s
J1
J2
Q1
Q1
Q2
Q2
Q3
Q3
Xg C
K1 K2
J3
K3
Cc em t v s khi chn phn t
kch l SR FF; T FF; D FF;
Bi tp 2: Thit k b ghi dch 3 bt
Li gii:
x
Xung C
Nguyn l: q3 Ra ngoi
q2 a sang nhp vo q3
q1 a sang nhp vo q2
x a sang nhp vo q1

q1 q2 q3 x q1 q2
a. Bng trng thi m ha

q1 q2 q3
X = 0
Q1 Q2 Q3
X = 1
Q1 Q2 Q3

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1
0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1

q1 q2 q3
X = 0
T1 T2 T3
X = 1
T1 T2 T3

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
b. Bng kch (chn phn t
TFF)
c. Ti thiu hm
-3 hm kch T1, T2, T3
- 3 bin q1, q2, q3 v 1 bin vo x 4 bin
Bng Karnaugh c 16
q3x
q1q2
T1
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
1
1
1
1
q3x
q1q2
T2
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
q3x
q1q2
T3
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
1
1
1
1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1 1
Kt qu:
1 1
1 1 1
. .
q x T
x q q x T
=
+ =
2 1 2
2 1 2 1 2
.
q q T
q q q q T
=
+ =
2 3 3
2 3 2 3 3
q q T
q q q q T
=
+ =
T1 T2 T3
Q1
Q1
Q2
Q2
Q3
Q3
Xg
X
x
Cc em t v s khi chn phn t
kch l JK FF; SR FF; D FF;
Bi tp 3: Thit k h m 10, thun,
B
Li gii:
a.Bng trng thi
Tng qut
s
Xung
C
0 1
1 2
2 3
3 4
4 5
5 6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
0
b.Bng m ha trng
thi
s q4 q3 q2 q1
0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 1
2 0 0 1 0
3 0 0 1 1
4 0 1 0 0
5 0 1 0 1
6
0 1 1 0
7
0 1 1 1
8
1 0 0 0
9
1 0 0 1
c.Bng trng thi m ha
q4 q3 q2 q1 Q4

Q3 Q2 Q1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0
0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1
0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
d. Lp bng kch (chn phn t JKFF)
q4 q3 q2 q1 J4 K4 J3 K3 J2 K2 J1 K1
0 0 0 0 0 x 0 x 0 x 1 x
0 0 0 1 0 x 0 x 1 x x 1
0 0 1 0 0 x 0 x x 0 1 x
0 0 1 1 0 x 1 x x 1 x 1
0 1 0 0 0 x x 0 0 x 1 x
0 1 0 1 0 x x 0 1 x x 1
0 1 1 0 0 x x 0 x 0 1 x
0 1 1 1 1 x x 1 x 1 x 1
1 0 0 0 x 0 0 x 0 x 1 x
1 0 0 1 x 1 0 x 0 x x 1
d. Lp bng kch (chn phn t JKFF)
q4 q3 q2 q1 J4 K4 J3 K3 J2 K2 J1 K1
0 0 0 0 0 x 0 x 0 x 1 x
0 0 0 1 0 x 0 x 1 x x 1
0 0 1 0 0 x 0 x x 0 1 x
0 0 1 1 0 x 1 x x 1 x 1
0 1 0 0 0 x x 0 0 x 1 x
0 1 0 1 0 x x 0 1 x x 1
0 1 1 0 0 x x 0 x 0 1 x
0 1 1 1 1 x x 1 x 1 x 1
1 0 0 0 x 0 0 x 0 x 1 x
1 0 0 1 x 1 0 x 0 x x 1
Kt qu:
1
1 1
= = K J
1 2
1 4 2
.
q K
q q T
=
=
2 1 3
2 1 3
.
.
q q K
q q J
=
=
1 4
3 2 1 4
. .
q K
q q q J
=
=
Cc em t v s
Bi 1: Thit k h logic iu khin bng
n qung co gm 3 ch S E L
Trnh t sng tt cc ch:
s0: t0 t1: - - - (cc ch tt)
s1: t1 t2: S
s2: t2 t3: S E
s3: t3 t4: S E L
s4: t4 t5: - - -
s5: t5 t6: S E L
s6: t6 t7: S E L
t7 t8: - - - (v trng thi ban u)

Bi 2:
Thit k h logic iu khin bng n
giao
thng 1 ng t. Bng n gm 3 n Xanh, ,
Vng. Trnh t tt sng cc n : X V - - X
3.4. Cc ng dng ca FF
3.4.2. B ghi dch
I. Khi nim
Thanh ghi dch c ng dng trong lu tr d
liu. Tuy nhin thanh ghi dch do kh nng lu tr c
hn nn ch s dng nh b nh tm thi. (Lu Kq
php tnh)
II.Thanh ghi dch chuyn
Thanh ghi c xy dng trn c s cc DFF
(hoc cc FF khc thc hin chc nng ca DFF)
v trong mi DFF s lu tr 1 bt d liu
to TG nhiu bt, ngi ta ghp nhiu DFF li vi
nhau theo quy lut sau:
-Ng ra ca DFF ng trc c ni vi ng vo
ca DATA ca DFF ng sau (Di+1 = Qi)
TG c kh nng dch phi
-Hoc ng ra ca DFF ng sau c ni vi
ng vo DATA ca DFF ng trc (Di = Qi+1)
TG c kh nng dch tri
III.Phn loi
Phn loi theo s bt d liu lu tr: 4 bit, 5bit, 8 bit
16 bit, 32 bit
i vi TG ln hn 8 bt Khng dng h TTL m
dng h CMOS
* Phn loi theo hng dch chuyn d liu trong TG
-TG dch tri
-TG dch phi
-TG va dch tri va dch phi
* Phn loi theo ng vo d liu
-Ng vo d liu ni tip
-Ng vo d liu song song: Song song KB,
song song B
* Phn loi theo ng ra
-Ng ra ni tip
-Ng ra song song
- Ng ra va ni tip va song song
IV .Nhp d liu vo FF
Nhp d liu vo FF bng chn Preset (Pr)
Pr Clr
Load
A
2 3
1
- Khi Load = 0
Cng NAND 3 & 2 b kha
Ng vo Pr & Clr = 1
FF t do D liu
A ko nhp c vo FF
Pr Clr
Load
A
2 3
1
- Khi Load = 1
Cng NAND 3 & 2 m
Ng vo Pr = A; Clr = A
Nu A = 0 Pr =1; Clr = 0
Q = A = 0
Nu A = 1 Pr =o; Clr = 1
Q = A = 1
Vy Q = A D liu A c nhp vo FF
Tuy nhin vi cch ny phi dng nhiu cng
logic ko kinh t v phi dng chn Clr xa
nn phi thit k ng b

Khc phc nhc im ny ta dng mch sau,
chn Clr trng tng ng mc 1
-Khi Load = 0Cng NAND kha
Pr = Clr = 1 FF t do
d liu khng c nhp
Pr Clr
Load
A
3
-Khi Load = 1 Cng NAND m
Pr = A
Nu A = 0 Pr = 1, Clr = 1 Q = A = 0
Nu A = 1 Pr = 0, Clr = 0 Q = A = 1
Vy Q = A D liu A c nhp vo FF

VD: 1 thanh ghi 4 bt c kh nng di phi
J1
Q1
Q1
K1
J2
K2
Q2
Q2
J3
K3
Q3
Q3
J4
K4
Q4
Q4
Clr
Ck
DSR
Load
A B C D
Q4
Q3 Q2
Q1
DSR: (Data Shift Right): Ng vo Data ni tip(ng vo dch
phi)
Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4: Cc ng ra song song
Chng 4:Mch dy
4.1. Cc khi nim c bn v mch dy
4.1.1. M hnh TQ

Mch t
hp

Mch dy

Li
ra
Li
vo
Trng thi
trong
Hm kch
Ck
4.1.2. Phng php m t mch dy
a. M hnh ton hc
Dng 1 h phng trnh ton hc biu th mi
quan h vo ra ca h tun t. Gi:
V : L tp tn hiu vo
R : tp tn hiu ra
X : tp hm kch
S : tp trng thi trong
C th m t bi phng trnh sau:
A1. Otomat (H pt) MEALY
R = f1 (V, S) (1)

S = f2 (X, S) (2)

X = f3 (V, S) (3)
(1)Gi l hm ra: Mi quan h
gia u ra vi tc ng vo
v bin trng thi

(2) Gi l hm chuyn i trng
thi ca cc phn t nh

(3) Gi l hm kch thch cho
cc phn t nh
a2. Otomat (H pt) MOORE
R = f1 (S) (1)
S = f2 (X, S) (2)
X = f3 (V, S) (3)
Hm ra ch ph thuc vo bin
trng thi khng ph thuc vo
bin vo

a3. Mch dy ng b
L mch dy c iu khin theo tn hiu B
bn ngoi (xung nhp Ck). S chuyn trng thi
ca mch t trng thi Si Sj ch xy ra khi c
xung nhp tc ng. Khong thi gian gia 2 xung
nhp phi ln h lun lun trng thi n
nh trc khi chu tc ng bn ngoi.
a4. Mch dy khng ng b
L mch dy m s hot ng ca mch khng
c tn hiu B .S thay i ca tn hiu l ngu
nhin. i vi h ny qu trnh chuyn t trng thi
vng Si Sj c th lt qua 1 s cc trng thi khng
vng trung gian
3. Cc phng php m t mch dy
1. Bng
a. Bng chuyn i trng thi
Hng : Ghi trng thi trong
Ct : Ghi tn hiu vo
Giao im ca hng v ct: l ghi trng thi
trong tip theo m mch s chuyn n ng vi
tn
hiu vo v trng thi hin ti nh ghi trn ct
v hng tng ng.
V1 V2 . . . Vn
S1
S2
.
.
.
Sn
x
V
S
Trng
thi
trong
Tn hiu vo
Trng
thi s
chuyn
bin
n S
Bng chuyn i trng thi
S
b. Bng tn hiu ra
Hng : Ghi trng thi trong
Ct : Ghi tn hiu vo
Giao im ca hng v ct: Tn hiu ra tng ng
V1 V2 . . . Vn
S1
S2
.
.
.
Sn
x
V
S
Trng
thi
trong
Tn hiu vo
Tn
hiu ra
Bng tn hiu ra
R
c. Bng chuyn i trng thi / Ra
C th gp 2 bng chuyn i trng thi v
bng tn hiu ra thnh 1 bng chung, gi l bng
chuyn i trng thi / ra
ca bng ta ghi trng thi m mch s
chuyn bin n v tn hiu ra S / R tng ng
vi
trng thi hin ti v tn hiu vo.
V1 V2 . . . Vn
S1
S2
.
.
.
Sn
x
V
S
Trng
thi
trong
Tn hiu vo
Trng
thi s
chuyn
bin ti
v tn
hiu ra
Bng chuyn i trng thi / Ra
S/ R
V d: Mt mch dy c
Tp tn hiu vo V = {V1, V2, V3 }
Tp tn hiu trong S ={ S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 }
Tp tn hiu ra R = { 0, 1 }
Chc nng ca mch c xc nh bng bng
chuyn i trng thi v bng ra
V1 V2 V3
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S2
S4
S1
S3
S5
S4
S2
S1
S4
S3
S3
S4
S1
S2
S4
V
S
Bng chuyn i trng
thi
S
Bng tn hiu
ra
V1 V2 V3
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
V
S
R
V1 V2 V3
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S2/1
S4/1
S1/1
S3/1
S5/0
S4/0
S2/0
S1/1
S4/0
S3/0
S3/0
S4/1
S1/1
S2/0
S4/0
V
S
S/R
Bng chuyn i trng
thi v tn hiu ra
2. hnh trng thi
M hnh Mealy
Tp cc trng thi trong tp cc nh M
Tp cc tn hiu Vo / Ra Tp cc cung K
Cc cung c hng I t trng thi Si Sj, ghi
Vo / Ra tng ng.
Bng chuyn i trng
thi v tn hiu ra
S1
S2
S3 S4
S5
V1/1
V1/1
V3/1
V3/0
V2/1
V3/1
V1/0
V2/0
V3/0
V1/1
V2/1
V3/0
V3/0
V2/0
V1 V2 V3
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S2/1
S4/1
S1/1
S3/1
S5/0
S4/0
S2/0
S1/1
S4/0
S3/0
S3/0
S4/1
S1/1
S2/0
S4/0
V
S
S/R
(V1+V2
+V3)/1
(V1+V3)/1
Chuyn t m hnh Mealy sang Moore
Bc 1: ng vi mi cp (S,/R) ca Mealy ta qui
nh 1 trng thi tng ng q ca Moore
Bc 2: Thnh lp bng chuyn i trang thi
cho Moore. Ghi mi trng thi q (ng vi cp S/R
ca Mealy 1 tn hiu ra tng ng R)
V d: Mch dy c m t bi m hnh Mealy
c hnh trng thi v bng chuyn i trng
thi, tn hiu ra nh trn.
S0 S1
S2
1/0 0/0
0/0
1/0
0/1
1/0
0 1
S0
S1
S2
S1/0
S1/0
S1/1
S0/0
S2/0
S0/1

V
S
S/R
Cc bc chuyn i
Bc 1: T bng chuyn i trng thi /Tn hiu
ra gn cc trng thi trong Qj ca m hnh Moore
nh sau:
S1/0 : Q0 S2/0: Q2
S0/0 : Q1 S1/1: Q3
Bc 2: Thnh lp bng chuyn i trng thi cho
Moore
0 1
S0
S1
S2
S1/0
S1/0
S1/1
S0/0
S2/0
S0/1
V
S
S/R
Mealy Moore
Trng thi/Tn hiu ra
Trng thi Tn hiu
ra
S1/0
S0/0
S2/0
S1/0
Q0
Q1
Q2
Q3
0
0
0
1
Bng chuyn i trng thi

Mealy
Moore
Tn hiu
ra
Trng thi
hin ti
Trng thi s
chuyn ti
V = 0 V = 1
S1/0
S0/0
S2/0
S1/0
Q0
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q0
Q0
Q3
Q0
Q2
Q1
Q1
Q2
0
0
0
1
hnh trng thi (Moore)
Q0/0
V=0
Q1/0
Q2/0
Q3/1
1
0
1
1
0
0

Mealy
Moore
Tn
hiu ra
Trng thi
hin ti
Trng thi s
chuyn ti
V = 0 V = 1
S1/0
S0/0
S2/0
S1/0
Q0
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q0
Q0
Q3
Q0
Q2
Q1
Q1
Q2
0
0
0
1
1
Nhn xt: M hnh Mealy v m hnh Moore l 2
m hnh dng biu din h dy, chng tng
ng vi nhau
M hnh Mealy: C hm ra ph thuc c tn hiu
vo v trng thi trong ca mch
M hnh Moore: C hm ra ch ph thuc vo
trng thi trong ca mch m thi
4.2. Cc bc thit k mch dy
Bi ton (cha hnh thc ho)
Hnh thc ho
Otomat nh phn
H hm ca mch
S
Bc 1: Bi ton cha hnh thc ho
Nhim v thit k c m t bng ngn
ng hoc lu thut ton. Ni chung cha c
hnh thc ho
Bc 2: Hnh thc ho
Phin dch cc d liu thnh 1 hnh
thc m t hot ng ca mch bng cch hnh
thc ho d kin ban u dng bng trng thi
hay hnh trng thi
Rt gn cc trng thi ca mch
Bc ny tin hnh trn Otomat cha phi l nh
phn c V: tp vo; R: tp ra; S: tp trng thi
Bc 3: Otomat nh phn
M ho tn hiu vo, ra, trng thi trong c
Otomat nh phn
Bc 4: H hm ca mch
Xc nh phng trnh logic ca mch v ti
thiu ho cc phng trnh ny
Bc 5: Xy dng s mch
T h phng trnh ca mch ta xy dng s
mch thc hin
Thit k mch dy t hnh trng thi
Gi thit: Cho hnh trng thI ca mch c
tp tn hiu vo V, tp tn hiu ra R, tp
trng
thi trong S (cha m ho nh phn)
Kt lun: H phng trnh nh phn ca mch
( ti thiu ho) Sau v s mch
Cc bc thit k
B1: M ho tn hiu vo V, tn hiu ra R, trng
thI trong S chuyn Otomat ban u thnh
Otomat nh phn c cc tp tn hiu vo X,
tn
hiu ra Y, trng thi trong Q
B2: Xc nh h pt tn hiu ra: Y= fi (X,Q). Pt
ny
c xc nh trn cung vi m hnh kiu Mealy
v trn nh vi m hnh Moore
Ti thiu cc hm ny
B3: Xc nh hpt hm kch cho cc FF v ti
thiu cc FF ny.
Thut ton x pt u vo kch cho cc FF t
hnh trng thi
i vi FF Qi bt k, s thay i trng thi Qi
n cc Qi ch c th c 4 kh nng. Cc cung
biu din s thay i trng thi t Qi Qi c
k hiu nh sau
00 l (0) loi 0
1 1 l (1) loi 1
0 1 l (2) loi 2
1 0 l (3) loi 3
Thut ton xc nh pt u vo kch cho FF loi D
Trn c s: Di = Qi
Di = Qi = cc loi cung i ti nh c Qi = 1
= cc cung loi (1) + (2)
Ti thiu ho hm Di va tm c rt ra c
pt u vo kch cho FF Qi loi D
E
E
Thut ton xc nh pt u vo kch cho FF loi T
Trn c s: Ti = Qi Qi = Qi
Trong : Qi =1 khi Qi thay i t 0 =>1 hoc1 =>
0 Tin hnh:
- in s thay i gi tr Qi vo cc cung
- Ti = Qi = cc cung c Qi thay i
= cung loi (2) + (3)
Ti thiu ha hm Ti va tm c, rt ra pt u vo
kch cho T FF th i

E
E
Thut ton xc nh pt u vo kch cho FF loi
JK

Xc nh:
Ton = cc cung m Qi c bt (thay i t 0
1 cung loi (2)) = cung loi (2)
Ton =
Toff = cc cung m Qi tt (thay i t 10 cung
loi (3)) = (3)
Toff =

E
* *
). ( T J Q T
i
= >
E
E
* * * *
). ( T K Qi T = >
E
Thut ton xc nh pt u vo kch cho FF loi
RS

Pt u vo S ca RS FF c xc nh
S = Ton + [ Cc cung loi (1) ]
Pt u vo R ca RS FF c xc nh
R = Toff + [ Cc cung loi (0) ]
[ ] c ly gi tr khng xc nh, s li dng
nhng gi tr ny ti thiu ha.
VD: Thit k mch m B K = 5 c hnh trng thi v
ha trng thi cho hnh sau: dng
a. D FF v cc mch NAND
b. T FF v cc mch NAND
c. JK FF v cc mch NAND
d. RS FF v cc mch NAND
0
0
0 0
0
Q1Q2Q3
000
001
010
011
100
00 01 11 10
0
1
Q1Q2
Q3
Y
0
1
2
3
4 x
x
x
X: ng vi c trng thi ko
s dng
Li gii
- B m c K = 5 c 5 trng thi 0,1,2,3,4. Tn
hiu ra ca b m s xut hin khi ang trng
thi 4 lc n quay v trng thi ban u
- Mch c 5 trng thi c m ha t nht bng
3 bin nh phn, tng ng vi 3 FF Q1, Q2, Q3
- Pt tn hiu ra Y
Y = Ti thiu ha hm ny da vo bng
trng thi Y = Q1.X
X Q Q Q .
3 2 1
Xc nh pt u vo kch cho cc FF Q1, Q2, Q3
cc FF ny l:
D-FF Cc cung i ti nh c Qi =1
+ Q1=1 Khi cung i ti nh (4), n xut pht t
nh (3) i n nh (4)
D1= E
Cc cung i ti nh (4) = (3)=
3 2 1 3 2 1
Q Q Q Q Q Q +
3 2 1
Q Q Q
+ Q2=1 Khi cung i ti nh (2) & (3)
D2=
E
Cc cung i ti nh (2) = (3) = (1)+ (2) =

+ Q3=1 Khi cung i ti nh (1) & (3)
D3= E
Cc cung i ti nh (1)
= (3) = (0)+ (2) =

3 2 1 3 2 1
Q Q Q Q Q Q +
00 01 11 10
0
1
Q1Q2
Q3
D1
1
x
x
00 01 11 10
0
1
Q1Q2
Q3
D2
1
x
1
x
x
x
00 01 11 10
0
1
Q1Q2
Q3
D3
1
x
1
x
x
D1 = Q2.Q3
3 2 3 2 2
. . Q Q Q Q D + =
3 1 3
.Q Q D =
Cc em t v s
Xc nh pt u vo kch cho cc FF Q1, Q2, Q3 cc FF ny
l:
T-FF
in s thay i gi tr Qi vo cc cung
Mch m t trng thi (0)=>(1) tc l 000 => 001
Q3 thay i t 01 => Ghi Q3 ln cung
(1)=>(2) tc l 001 => 010
Q2 thay i t 0=>1. Q3 thay i t 1=>0
(2)=>(3) tc l 010 => 011
Q3 thay i t 0 =>1
(3)=>(4) tc l 011 =>100
Q1 thay i t 0=>1, Q2 thay i 1=>1, Q3 thay i t
1=>0
(4)=>(0) tc l 100 =>000
Q1 thay i 1=>0
0
0
0 0
0
Q1Q2Q3
000
001
010
011
100
Q3
Q1
Q1.Q2.Q3
Q2.Q3
Q3
00 01 11 10
0
1
Q2Q3
Q1
T1
1
x
1
x
x
00 01 11 10
0
1
Q2Q3
Q1
T2
1
x
1
x
x
00 01 11 10
0
1
Q2Q3
Q1
T3
1
x
1
x
x
1 1
T1

= Q1 + Q2Q3
T2

= Q3
T3

= Q1
Cc em t v s
Mch dy ng b
I. Phn tch mch dy ng b
1. Cc bc phn tch mch dy B
a. S mch
T s cho trc cn xc nh chc nng tng
phn t c bn ca s , mi lin h gia cc phn
t .
b. X cc u vo, u ra, s trng thi trong ca mch
Coi nh mch l hp en cn phi x s u
vo, u ra ca mch. c im ca cc u vo,
u ra . x c s trng thi trong ca mch,
chng ta cn phi x xem mch c xy dng t bao
nhiu p/t nh, t x c s trng thi trong c th
c ca mch
c. X pt hm ra, hm kch ca cc FF
Da vo s cho trc, ch ra h pt hm ra,
hm kch cc FF
d. Lp bng trng thi, bng ra nh phn
Bng trng thi, bng ra nh phn l bng biu
din quan h gia trng thi chuyn bin ti, tn
hiu ra nh phn vi trng thi hin ti v tn hiu
vo tng ng
Da vo pt hm kch, hm ra x c trn
v da vo pt c tnh ca FF x c trng thI
chuyn bin ti v tn hiu ra tng ng vi tn hiu
vo v trng thi hin ti ca mch
T bng trng thi v bng ra lp trn,
xy dng c hnh trng thi v tn hiu ra ca
mch
d. Lp bng trng thi, bng ra nh phn
e. Chc nng ca mch
Sau khi lp c hnh trng thi, da vo
hnh x c chc nng ca mch
Cc bc phn tch mch dy B
S mch
X cc u vo, ra. S trng thi trong ca mch
X h pt hm ra, hm
kch ca cc FF
hnh trng thi
Chc nng ca mch
VD: phn tch mch dy B c s sau
JA
KA
A
A
B
B
B A
A
X
1
Ck
A
B
Z
X
Clock
Z
A
B
Bc 1: S mch (Hnh trn)
Mch c 2 u vo: - Tn hiu vo X
- Xung tc ng Ck
C 1 u ra : Z
C 2 p/t nh JKFF l A & B
Bc 2: X u ra, u vo, s trng thi trong ca mch
- Mch c th c biu din bi mt hp en
c 2 tn hiu vo v X & Ck c 1 u ra Z
- C 2 FF S trng thI trong ca mch l
AB = 00, 01, 11, 10

2
2
Bc 3: X pt hm ra & hm kch cho cc FF
- Pt hm ra : Z = A.B.Ck
- Pt hm kch cho A FF; B- FF
JA = B JB = A
KA = 1 KB =
A X A X + = .
Bc 4: Bng trng thi, bng ra nh phn
J K Q q
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 0
J K Q
0 0 q
0 1 0
1 0 1
1 1 q
Q: Trng thi hin ti
q: Trng thi tip theo
00 01 11 10
0
1
KQ
J
q
1
1
0
0
1
0 0
Bng Karnaugh
1
Q J Q K q . . + =
Thay JA, KA, JB, KB bc 3 vo pt (*)
(*)
B A B A X
B A B A X b
A B
A B A a
B J B K b
A J A K a
B B
A A
. . .
. ). (
.
. . 1
. .
. .
+ =
+ + =
=
+ =
+ =
+ =
A, B: Trng thi hin ti
A, b: trng thi tip theo
Da vo h pt chuyn i trng thi v pt hm
ra
k
C B A Z
B A B A X b
B A a
. .
. . .
.
=
+ =
=
Lp bng Chuyn i trng thi v bng Ra nh
phn theo trng thi hin ti (A, B) v tn hiu vo X
Trng thi
hin ti
Trng thi tip theo Tn hiu ra
X = 0
A B
X = 1
A B

X = 0
Z
X = 1
Z
A B
(S0) 0 0
(S1) 0 1
(S2) 1 0
(S3) 1 1
(S1) 0 1
(S2) 1 0
(S0) 0 0
(S0) 0 1
(S1) 0 1
(S3) 1 1
(S0) 1 0
(S0) 0 0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
Nhn xt: Z = 1 A & B ng thi =1 v c xung
nhp tc ng. Cho nn khong thi gian Z = 1
bao gi cng bng khong thi gian tn ti xung
nhp Ck
Bc 5: hnh trng thi
A.B
00
A.B
01
A.B
11
A.B
10
S0
S1
S2 S3
. X
X.
S0 S1 & S2 S0 mc cho X = 0, X = 1 Ko ph
thuc vo X, ch ph thuc vo xung kch
Cc bc thit k mch dy B
Bc 1: Xc nh bi ton
y l bc u tin v quan trng nht thc
hin tt vic thit k. Trc ht phi xc nh yu cu
t ra cho mch thc hin v phi xc nh mch
c thit k t nhng yu t no?
Bc 2: Xc nh tn hiu vo ra
Coi mch nh 1 hp enc cc u vo, ra. Cn
xc
nh nhng c im c bn ca cc u vo u
ra

Bc 3: hnh trng thi, bng trng thi, Bng ra
Vic xy dng hnh trng thi ko da trn quy
tc no Da vo kinh nghim
Bc 4: Rt gn trng thi
S trng thi trong ca mch gn nh t l vi
s FF c dng trong mch. Vic ti thiu trng
thI ch yu da vo khi nim trng thi tng
ng. Cc trng thi tng ng c thay bng 1
trng thi chung, i din cho chng.
Bc 5: M ha trng thi
nu s lng trng trong l N, s lng bin nh
phn cn dng l n, th phI tha mn k: N n
2
log >
Bc 6: Xc nh h pt ca mch
C 2 cch x h pt:
-Lp bng Chuyn i trng thi v tn hiu ra nh
phn t x c pt u vo kch cho cc FF v pt
ca tn hiu ra, sau chng ta tin hnh ti thiu
ha cc pt
- Da trc tip vo hnh trng thI, vit h pt Ton,
Toff v pt ca tn hiu ra, sau ti thiu ha h pt

VD: Thit k mch dy B thc hin nhim v
kim tra dy tn hiu vo dng nh phn c
di bng 3 c a vo lin tip trn u
vo X. Nu dy tn hiu vo c dng l 010
hoc 011, 110, 111, Z=1 Trong trng hp khc
Z = 0
Li gii:

Bc 1: Xc nh bi ton
Mch thit k c nhim v pht hin dy tn
hiu vo. Nu dy tn hiu vo c dng l 010, 011
, 110, 111 th Z = 1 bo hiu l mch nhn
c mt trong dy tn hiu vo .
Bc 2: Xc nh tn hiu vo ra
Mch thit k l mch B nn c u vo X
v u vo xung nhp Ck, 1 tn hiu ra Z.

Mch logic

X
Ck
Z
Bc 3: hnh trng thi, bng trng thi, Bng ra
S0
S1
S2
S3 S4
S5
S6
X.
X.
X.
X. X. X.
X. X. X. X.
X
X. X. X. X.
111
110
011
010
Bc 4: Rt gn trng thi
S S Z
X = 0 X = 1
X = 0 X = 1
S0
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S2
S4
S6
S0
S0
S0
S0
S1
S3
S5
S0
S0
S0
S0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
Gp cc trng thi tng ng
Si tng ng Sj khi
* Si, Sj l 2 trng thI ban u th vi mi dy tn
hiu vo c th chng lun lun cho dy tn
hiu ra ging nhau.
* Nu c nhiu trng thi tng ng vi nhau tng
i mt th chng tng ng vi nhau
Ktra cc nhm c tng ng ko, ta Ktra:
-Nhm cc trng thi tng ng phi C nhng
hng trong bng tn hiu ra ging nhau
- Nhm cc trng thi tng ng phi C nhng
hng trong bng trng thi cng 1 ct l tng -
ng (ng vi 1 t hp tn hiu vo)
Quy tc Cadwell
-Cc hng tng ng trong ma trn ra ging nhau
-Trong ma trn ra, cc hng tng ng phi tha
mn 1 trong 3 iu sau:
+ Cc hng trong ma trn trng thi ging nhau
+ cc trng thi trong cng 1 ct nm trong
nhm trng thi c xt
+ Cc trng thi trong cng 1 ct l cc trng
thi tng ng.
Bng trng thi sau khi gp S3 & S5, S4 & S6
S2
Z=0
S1
Z=0
S4
Z=0
S3
Z=0
S6
Z=0
S5
Z=0
S0
Z=1
S0
Z=1
S0
Z=1
S0
Z=1
0
1
S0
S1
S2
S35
S46
X
S
S2
Z=0
S1
Z=0
S46
Z=0
S35
Z=0
S46
Z=0
S35
Z=0
S0
Z=1
S0
Z=1
S0
Z=1
S0
Z=1
0
1
S0
S1
S2
S35
S46
X
S
S2
Z=0
S1
Z=0
S46
Z=0
S35
Z=0
S46
Z=0
S35
Z=0
S0
Z=1
S0
Z=1
S0
Z=1
S0
Z=1
0
1
S0
S1
S2
S35
S46
X
S
* Gp tip S1, S2 * hnh trng thi
A.B
00
A.B
01
A.B
10
A.B
11
S0
S12
S35 S46
X. . X
Bc 5: M ha trng thi
A B S
0 0 S0
0 1 S12
1 0 S35
1 1 S46
Trng
thi
hin ti
Trng thi tip
theo
Cc u vo ca FF
X = 0
A B
X = 1
A B
X=0
JA KA
X=1
JA KA
X=0
JB KB
X=1
JB KB
A B
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
Z=0 01
Z=0 10
Z=1 00
Z=0 00
Z=0 01
Z=0 11
Z=1 00
Z=0 00
0 x
1 x
x 1
x 1
0 x
1 x
x 1
x 1
1 x
x 1
x 1
0 x
1 x
x 0
x 1
0 x
Bc 6: Xc nh h pt ca mch
Bng trng thi
Bng Karnaugh
00 01 11 10
0
1
AB
X
JA
1
1
x
x
x
0 x
0
00
01
11 10
0
1
AB
X
KA
x
x
1
1
1
x 1
x
00 01 11 10
0
1
AB
X
KB
1
0
1
1
x
x x
x
00 01 11 10
0
1
AB
X
JB
x
x
x
x
x
1 0
1
B J
A
=
A J
B
=
A X X A K
B
. = + =
1 =
A
K
Bc 7: V s mch
JA
KA
A
A
B
B
B A
A
X
1
Ck
A
B
Z
CK
Chng 5: Thit k mch s dng MSI, LSI
M u
M t cc bc thit k mch s dng SSI v MSI, LSI
SSI MSI, LSI
Bi ton
X p/trnh
Ti thiu ha
S
Bi ton
Chn vi mch MSI, LSI
Ni cc MSI, LSI cho trc
dng trn SSI nu cn
S
B chn d liu
a. S TQ b chn knh
MUX
.
.
.

u
vo

n
2
n u vo iu khin
Y
E
Trong thc t thng gp
cc loi MUX sau;
MUX 2 1
MUX 4 1
MUX 8 1
MUX 16 1
VD: MUX 4 1
MUX
f
E
f
D0
D1
D2
D3
A
B
D0, D1, D2, D3: 4 u vo d
liu
A, B: 2 u vo iu khin
f: u d liu ra
E: Tn hiu chn mch lm vic
VD: Khi u vo AB c g/tr 00 u ra f s cho ra
tn hiu c u vo d liu D0 (f=D0)
a. S khi
b. S chn 1
trong 4 u vo
f
D0
c. Xy dng MUX 4 u vo t mch t hp
Pt tn hiu ra
A B f
0 0 D0
0 1 D1
1 0 D2
1 1 D3
B A D B A D B A D B A D f . . . . . . . .
3 2 1 0
+ + + =
S mch
E
A B
f
f
D0
D1
D2
D3
Cc ng dng ca MUX
* c lm b chn d liu hay chuyn mch in t
D liu vo c chn a ti u ra ph
thuc vo tn hiu iu khin hay tn hiu chn
f
D0
D1
1 2
n
D
2 2
n
D
S cc ng
d liu vo c
th tng ln nh
s dng MUX c
nhiu u vo
hoc bng cch
mc t hp nhiu
MUX c s u
vo nh
* Bin i dng thng tin song song thnh ni tip
u ra
Bin i thng tin a n u vo dng
song song 8 bit thnh dng ni tip u ra. Vic
iu khin tn hiu ra c thc hin nh 1 b
m nh phn 3 u ra
f
f
D0
D1
D7
A B
.
C
m
Ck
* To hm logic
TQ: mt b MUX 1 c th dng to
hm logic bt k c n+1 bin vo, trong n bin
s a vo n u iu khin cn 1 bin cng vi
cc hng s 0,1 c a vo u vo cn li,
ty thuc vo gi tr hm s.
n
2
n
2
Bi tp
S dng MUX 4 1 to hm logic 3 bin
C B A C B A C B A C B A f . . . . . . . . + + + =
MUX 41 c: 2 bin u vo
Ta s a 2 bin u vo n cc u vo
iu khin ca MUX 41. C 3 kh nng
chn 2 bin ny trong 3 bin ca hm F. Cc
kh nng
a) 2 bin iu khin l A & B
b) 2 bin iu khin l B & C
c) 2 bin iu khin l A& C
Sau khi chn bin iu khin, cn xc nh
cc g/tr a vo u vo MUX thc hin hm f ban
u. Dng bng ccn c tin hnh nh sau:
- n bin /khin c phn thnh vng khc nhau trn
bng Cacno, nh du l D0,D1..D2n-1.
(Di ng vi gi tr thp phn ca n bin /khin l i )
- in gi tr hm s cho trc vo bng Cacno
- Ti thiu hm cho trong tng vng Di, gi hm s ny
l Di, Di chnh l gi tr u vo ti Di ca MUX.
- Nu Di l cc hm 1 bin hoc hng 0, 1 bi ton gii
xong.
- Trong TH ngc li tip tc dng MUX hoc cc cng logic
thc hin
n
2
TH1: 2 bin iu khin l A & B
- 2 bin /khin Bng
Cacno c 4 ca D
A
B
f
0 1
0
1
D0 D1
D2 D3
- Xd bng Cacno c 2 bin /khin AB v 1 bin vo
C
00 01 11 10
0
1
BC
A
f
D0
D1
D0
D2 D3
D0
D2
D1
D3
Vng D tng ng
vi gi tr thp
phn
A=0, B=0 l vng D0
A=0, B=1 l vng D1
A=1, B=0 l vng D2
A=1, B=1 l vng D3
0 1
2 3
A=0, B=0 l vng D0
A=0, B=1 l vng D1
A=1, B=0 l vng D2
A=1, B=1 l vng D3
00 01 11 10
0
1
BC
A
f
- in cc g/tr hm s cho trc vo bng Cacno
C B A C B A C B A C B A f . . . . . . . . + + + =
001 011 010
111
1 1 1
1
- Ti thiu ha hm cho, cho tng vng Di
C B A C B A C B A C B A f . . . . . . . . + + + =
001 011 010
111
C B A C B A C B A C B A f . . . . . . . . + + + =
C f D
C C C C C f
= =
= + + + =
0 0
0
. 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0
Vng D0 ng vi A=0, B=0. Thay A, B vo hm f
C B A C B A C B A C B A f . . . . . . . . + + + =
1
1 . 1 . 0 . 1 . 0 . 1 . 0 . 1 . 0
1 1
1
= =
= + + + =
f D
C C C C f
0
0 . 0 . 1 . 0 . 1 . 0 . 1 . 0 . 1
2 2
2
= =
= + + + =
f D
C C C C f
C B A C B A C B A C B A f . . . . . . . . + + + =
0
0 . 0 . 1 . 0 . 1 . 0 . 1 . 0 . 1
2 2
2
= =
= + + + =
f D
C C C C f
C B A C B A C B A C B A f . . . . . . . . + + + =
C f D
C C C C C f
= =
= + + + =
3 3
3
. 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1
C B A C B A C B A C B A f . . . . . . . . + + + =
- S to hm f dng MUX 41 vi 2 bin /khin
AB
f
f
C
C
A B
0
1
D3
D2
D1
D0
TH2: 2 bin iu khin l A & C
- 2 bin /khin Bng
Cacno c 4 ca D
A
C
f
0 1
0
1
D0 D1
D2 D3
- Xd bng Cacno c 2 bin /khin AC v 1 bin vo
B
00 01 11 10
0
1
BC
A
f
D0
D1
D0
D2 D3
D0
D2
D1
D3
Vng D tng ng
vi gi tr thp
phn
A=0, C=0 l vng D0
A=0, C=1 l vng D1
A=1, C=0 l vng D2
A=1, C=1 l vng D3
0 1
2 3
A=0, C=0 l vng D0
A=0, C=1 l vng D1
A=1, C=0 l vng D2
A=1, C=1 l vng D3
00 01 11 10
0
1
BC
A
f
C B A C B A C B A C B A f . . . . . . . . + + + =
001 011 010
111
1 1 1
1
C B A C B A C B A C B A f . . . . . . . . + + + =
001 011 010
111
C B A C B A C B A C B A f . . . . . . . . + + + =
B f D
B B B B B f
= =
= + + + =
0 0
0
0 . . 0 0 . . 0 0 . . 0 0 . . 0
Vng D0 ng vi A=0, C=0. Thay A, C vo hm f
Vng D1 ng vi A=0, C=1. Thay A, B vo hm f
C B A C B A C B A C B A f . . . . . . . . + + + =
1
1 1 . . 0 1 . . 0 1 . . 0 1 . . 0
1 1
1
= =
= + + + =
f D
B B B B f
C B A C B A C B A C B A f . . . . . . . . + + + =
0
0 0 . . 1 0 . . 1 0 . . 1 0 . . 1
2 2
2
= =
= + + + =
f D
B B B B f
C B A C B A C B A C B A f . . . . . . . . + + + =
B f D
B B B B B f
= =
= + + + =
3 3
3
1 . . 1 1 . . 1 1 . . 1 1 . . 1
C B A C B A C B A C B A f . . . . . . . . + + + =
AB
f
f
B
B
A C
0
1
D3
D2
D1
D0
TH3: 2 bin iu khin l B & C
- 2 bin /khin Bng
Cacno c 4 ca D
B
C
f
0 1
0
1
D0 D1
D2 D3
- Xd bng Cacno c 2 bin /khin BC v 1 bin vo
A
00 01 11 10
0
1
BC
A
f
D0
D0
D2
D3 D0 D2
D1 D3
Vng D tng ng
vi gi tr thp
phn
B=0, C=0 l vng D0
B=0, C=1 l vng D1
B=1, C=0 l vng D2
B=1, C=1 l vng D3
0 1
2 3
B=0, C=0 l vng D0
B=0, C=1 l vng D1
B=1, C=0 l vng D2
B=1, C=1 l vng D3
00 01 11 10
0
1
BC
A
f
C B A C B A C B A C B A f . . . . . . . . + + + =
001 011 010
111
1 1 1
1
C B A C B A C B A C B A f . . . . . . . . + + + =
001 011 010
111
C B A C B A C B A C B A f . . . . . . . . + + + =
0
0 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 .
0 0
0
= =
= + + + =
f D
A A A A f
Vng D0 ng vi B=0, C=0. Thay B, C vo hm f
Vng D1 ng vi A=0, C=1. Thay A, B vo hm f
C B A C B A C B A C B A f . . . . . . . . + + + =
A f D
A A A A A f
= =
= + + + =
1 1
1
1 . 0 . 1 . 0 . 1 . 0 . 1 . 0 .
C B A C B A C B A C B A f . . . . . . . . + + + =
A f D
A A A A A f
= =
= + + + =
2 2
2
0 . 1 . 0 . 1 . 0 . 1 . 0 . 1 .
C B A C B A C B A C B A f . . . . . . . . + + + =
1
1 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 .
3 3
3
= =
= + + + =
f D
A A A A f
C B A C B A C B A C B A f . . . . . . . . + + + =
BC
f
f
1
0
B C
D3
D2
D1
D0
A
A
Thc hin hm 4 bin f = 0,1,5,6,7,9,10,14,15
a)Dng MUX 4 1 & mch NAND
b) Dng MUX 8 1
E
a) Dng MUX 4 1 & cc mch NAND
C 2 bin iu khin, chn 2 bin iu khin l A,
B
-Xd bng Cacno c
2 bin /khin AB
CD
AB
F
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
D0
D1
D2
D3
A
B
f
0 1
0
1
D0 D1
D2 D3
1
2 3
0
D0 D0 D0
D1 D1 D1
D2 D2 D2
D3 D3 D3
AB
F
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
1 1
1 1 1
1
1
1
1
D C B A D C A C B D B A C B A f . . . . . . . . . . + + + + =
- Ti thiu ha cc hm cho, cho cc vng Di
- Vng D0 ng vi A=0; B=0. v tng t ta c kt qu:
C D D C D C D C D D C D = + = + = =
3 2 1 0
; . . ; ;
- S to hm f dng MUX 41 vi 2 bin A, B
D3
D2
D1
D0
f
C
C
CD + CD
C+D
C
D
C
D
b) Dng MUX 8 1 & cc mch NAND
C 3 bin iu khin, chn 3 bin iu khin l A,
B,C
CD
AB
F
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
D0 D1
D2
D4
D0 D1
D6 D6
D2
D7 D7
D4
D3 D3
00 01 11 10
0
1
BC
A
f
D0 D1 D3 D2
D4 D5 D6 D7
Xd bng Cacno
D5 D5
D C B A D C A C B D B A C B A f . . . . . . . . . . + + + + =
Vng D0 ng vi A=0; B=0; C=0 D0 = 1
Vng D1 ng vi A=0; B=0; C=1 D1 = 0
Vng D2 ng vi A=0; B=1; C=0 D2 = D
Vng D3 ng vi A=0; B=1; C=1 D3 = 1
Vng D4 ng vi A=1; B=0; C=0 D4 = D
Vng D5 ng vi A=1; B=0; C=1 D5 = D
Vng D6 ng vi A=1; B=1; C=0 D6 = 0
Vng D7 ng vi A=1; B=1; C=1 D7 = D
S to hm f dng MUX 81 vi 3 bin A, B, C
f
f
0
1
B
C
D3
D2
D1
D0
0
D
1
D
D
D
A

Bai Giang Ky Thuat So

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bai Giang Ky Thuat So

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Trng Cao ng in t in lnh HN

1.3.4. Cc phng php biu din hm logic

You might also like