The Composition of Air

Topic 5 The Air Around Us
5.1 The Composition of Air
ITeach Science Form 1
The Composition of Air

The Composition Of Air Air is a mixture of few gases
Nitrogen (78%)
Oxygen (21%)
Inert gases + other substances (0.97%) Carbon dioxide (0.03%)
Topik 5 Udara Di Sekeliling Kita
Komposisi Udara
Komposisi Udara Udara ialah campuran beberapa jenis gas
Nitrogen (78%)
Oksigen (21%)
Gas nadir + bahan lain (0.97%) Karbon (0.03%) dioksida
ITeach Sains Tingkatan 1

Experiment To Show The Percentage Of Oxygen In Air
Gas jar x cm Candle Cork Water y cm
At the beginning of the experiment
At the end of the experiment
Percentage of oxygen in air = (x - y) cm 100% x cm Discussion Water rose to one-fifth of the height of the gas jar at the end of experiment. This shows that one-fifth of the air is used up for the combustion. Air consists of 21% of oxygen.
Komposisi Udara
Eksperimen Untuk Menunjukkan Peratus Oksigen Di Udara
Kelalang gas x cm Lilin Gabus Air y cm
Di awal eksperimen Peratus oksigen di udara = Perbincangan
Di akhir eksperimen (x - y) cm 100% x cm
Air naik sehingga satu per lima tinggi kelalang gas di akhir eksperimen Satu per lima daripada kandungan udara digunakan untuk pembakaran Udara terdiri daripada 21% oksigen.

Experiment To Show That Air Contains Water Vapour
Retort stand Retort stand
Ice
Ice
Drops of water
Liquid
At the beginning of the experiment
At the end of the experiment
Discussion: The liquid collected changes the colour of cobalt chloride paper from blue to pink. Water vapour in the air condenses to form drops of water when in contact with cold surface. Air contains water vapour.
Komposisi Udara
Eksperimen Untuk Menunjukkan Udara Mengandungi Wap Air
Kaki Retort Kaki Retort
Ais
Ais
Titisan air
Cecair
Di awal eksperimen
Di akhir eksperimen
Perbincangan: Cecair yang terkumpul menukarkan warna kertas kobalt klorida biru menjadi merah jambu Wap air di udara terkondensasi lalu membentuk titisan air apabila wap air bersentuhan dengan permukaan sejuk Udara mengandungi wap air

Experiment To Show That Air Contains Dust Particles And Microorganisms
Cellophane tape with sticky side facing up
Slide
Sterile petri dish Sterile nutrient exposed to air agar
Discussion: The dust in the air falls on the sticky side of the cellophone tape. Dust present in the air White colonies present on the agar. Microorganisms are present in the air.
Komposisi Udara
Eksperimen Untuk Menunjukkan Udara Mengandungi Debu dan Mikroorganisma
Pita selofon dengan bahagian melekit diletakkan di atas
Slaid
Piring petri steril Agar bernutrien dan steril dibiarkan terdedah kepada udara
Perbincangan: Debu di udara jatuh ke bahagian pita selofon yang melekit. Debu hadir dalam udara. Koloni putih tumbuh dalam agar Mikroorganisma hadir dalam udara.
5.2 The Properties Of Oxygen And Carbon Dioxide
The Properties Of Oxygen And Carbon Dioxide

Comparison Between Oxygen And Carbon Dioxide
Oxygen Slightly soluble Colourless Odourless Not soluble Properties Solubility in water Colour Odour Reaction with sodium hydroxide solution Reaction with glowing and burning splinter Reaction with moist blue and red litmus paper Reaction with lime water Reaction with hydrogen carbonate indicator Carbon Dioxide Slightly soluble Colourless Odourless
Very soluble (forms sodium carbonate) Burning splinter is extinguished
Glowing splinter relights No effect on both litmus paper No effect No effect
Changes moist blue litmus paper to red Lime water turns cloudy
Turns hydrogen carbonate indicator to yellow
Topik 5 Udara Di sekeliling Kita
Sifat-sifat Oksigen Dan Karbon Dioksida

Perbandingan Antara Oksigen dan Karbon Dioksida
Oksigen Larut sedikit Tidak berwarna Tiada bau Tidak larut Sifat Kelarutan dalam air Warna Bau Tindak balas dengan larutan natrium hidroksida Tindak balas dengan kayu uji menyala dan kayu uji berbara Tindak balas dengan kertas litmus merah dan biru lembap Tindak balas dengan air kapur Tindak balas dengan penunjuk hidrogen karbonat Karbon Dioksida Larut sedikit Tidak berwarna Tiada bau
Sangat larut (membentuk natrium karbonat) Kayu uji berbara terpadam Kertas litmus biru berubah kepada merah Air kapur menjadi keruh
Kayu uji menyala terbakar Tiada kesan pada keduadua kertas litmus Tiada kesan Tiada kesan
Warna penunjuk bikarbonat berubah kepada kuning
5.3 Oxygen Is Needed For Respiration
Oxygen Is Needed For Respiration

Respiration The process of oxidizing digested food in the body cells to produce heat energy, carbon dioxide and water.
Food + O2
CO2 + H2O + Heat Energy
Topik 5 Udara Disekeliling Kita
Oksigen Diperlukan Untuk Respirasi

Respirasi Proses pengoksidaan makanan tercerna dalam badan bagi menghasilkan tenaga haba, karbon dioksida dan air.
Makanan + O2
CO2 + H2O + Tenaga haba

To Show That Living Things Use Oxygen During Respiration Wire gauze Glass tube Cockroach Cotton soaked in sodium hydroxide solution Germinating green beans A Drop of red ink (indicator) B C Observation : Boiling tube A B C Observation Indicator moved inwards Indicator moved inwards Indicator remains at the original position
Conclusion : Living things use oxygen and release carbon dioxide during respiration. The volume of air in the tube will decrease when sodium hydroxide absorbs carbon dioxide. This causes the indicator to moves inwards.

Untuk Menunjukkan Benda Hidup Menggunakan Oksigen Semasa Respirasi Dawai kasa Tiub kaca Lipas Kapas direndam dalam larutan natrium hidroksida Biji benih bercambah A Titisan dakwat merah (penunjuk) B C Pemerhatian : Tabung didih A B C Pemerhatian Penunjuk bergerak ke dalam tabung didih Penunjuk bergerak ke dalam tabung didih Penunjuk tidak bergerak
Kesimpulan : Benda hidup menggunakan oksigen dan membebaskan karbon dioksida dalam proses respirasi.

To Show That Living Things Give Out Carbon Dioxide During Respiration
Cockroach
Germinating green beans
Wire gauze
Hydrogen carbonate indicator Observation : Boiling tube P Q R Colour changes of the indicator Red to yellow Red to yellow Remains unchanged
Conclusion :
Living things release carbon dioxide during respiration.

Untuk Menunjukkan Benda Hidup Membebaskan Karbon Dioksida Semasa Respirasi
Lipas
Biji benih bercambah
Dawai kasa
Penunjuk hidrogen karbonat Pemerhatian : Tabung didih P Q R Perubahan warna penunjuk Merah kepada kuning Merah kepada kuning Warna kekal merah
Conclusion :
Benda hidup membebaskan karbon dioksida dalam proses respirasi.

Composition Of Inhaled And Exhaled Air
Gas Oxygen Carbon dioxide Nitrogen Inert gases Water vapour
Inhaled air 21 % 0.03 % 78 % 0.97 % Lesser
Exhaled air 16 % 4% 78 % 0.97 % More

Komposisi Udara Sedutan dan Udara Hembusan
Gas Oksigen Karbon dioksida Nitrogen Gas-gas nadir Wap air
Udara Sedutan 21 % 0.03 % 78 % 0.97 % Berkurang
Udara Hembusan 16 % 4% 78 % 0.97 % Bertambah
5.4 Oxygen Is Needed For Combustion
Oxygen Is Needed For Combustion

Combustion
A chemical process that occurs when fuel is burnt in oxygen and produces carbon dioxide and energy.
Combustion of carbon : Carbon + Oxygen combustion Carbon dioxide + Heat
Combustion of hydrocarbon : Hydrocarbon + Oxygen combustion Carbon dioxide + Water + Heat
Oksigen Diperlukan Untuk Pembakaran

Pembakaran Suantu proses kimia yang berlaku apabila bahan api terbakar dengan kehadiran oksigen dan membebaskan karbon dioksida dan tenaga haba
Pembakaran karbon : Karbon + Oksigenpembakaran Karbon dioksida + Tenaga haba
Pembakaran hidrokarbon : Hidrokarbon + Oksigen pembakaran Karbon dioksida + Air + Tenaga Haba
Oxygen Is Needed For Combustion
Provides heat
The Importance Of Combustion
Provides light
Transportation
Oksigen Diperlukan Untuk Pembakaran
Memberikan haba
Kepentingan Pembakaran
Memberikan cahaya
Pengangkutan
5.5 Air Pollution
Air Pollution
Air Pollution High Concentration of pollutants in air
Pollutants Pollutants Harmful substances that Harmful substances that are added in the air are added in the air Dust Nitrogen oxide
Smoke Carbon monoxide
Pesticides Carbon dioxide
Pencemaran Udara
Pencemaran Udara Kepekatan bahan pencemar udara yang tinggi di udara
Bahan pencemar Bahan pencemar Bahan berbahaya yang Bahan berbahaya yang terdapat di udara terdapat di udara Debu Nitrogen oksida
Asap Karbon monoksida
Racun serangga Karbon dioksida
Air Pollution
Sources Of Air Pollutant Combustion Carbon dioxide Dust Smoke Deforestation Carbon dioxide Dust Smoke
Smoking Carbon dioxide Nicotine, tobacco, tar
Motor vehicles Carbon dioxide Leaded fuels
Agricultural activity Pesticide Carbon dioxide
Industrial activity Carbon monoxide Sulphur dioxide Carbon dioxide
Pencemaran Udara
Sumber Bahan Pencemar Udara Pembakaran Karbon dioksida Debu Asap Penebangan hutan Karbon dioksida Debu Asap
Rokok Karbon dioksida Nikotin, tembakau, tar Aktiviti pertanian Racun serangga Karbon dioksida
Kenderaan Karbon dioksida Bahan api berplumbum Aktiviti industri Karbon monoksida Sulfur dioksida Karbon dioksida
Air Pollution
Air Pollution Causes Health Problem
Smoke and dust respiratory disease
Carbon monoxide or nitrogen dioxide headache, dizziness, death
Sulphur dioxide bronchitis, pneumonia and lung cancer
Pencemaran Udara
Pencemaran Udara Menyebabkan Masalah Kesihatan Asap dan debu penyakit berkaitan pernafasan Karbon monoksida atau nitrogen dioksida sakit kepala, pening, kematian Sulfur dioksida bronkitis, pneumonia dan kanser paru-paru Bronkiol normal Bronkitis
Air Pollution
Air Pollution Causes Environmental Problem Acid Rain
Sulphur dioxide or nitrogen dioxide + rain acid rain
Water in ponds or river turns acidic aquatic plants and animal die
Corrodes and damages buildings
Pencemaran Udara
Pencemaran Udara Menyebabkan Masalah Alam SekitarHujan Asid Sulfur dioksida atau nitrogen dioksida + hujan hujan asid Air kolam dan sungai menjadi berasid tumbuhan dan haiwan akuatik mati Menghakis dan memusnahkan bangunan
Air Pollution
Air Pollution Causes Environmental Problem Thinning Of The Ozone Layer Chlorofluorocarbon ( CFC ) destroy the ozone layer
Allow more ultraviolet rays to reach the earth
Causes skin cancer and damage our eyes
Pencemaran Udara
Pencemaran Udara Menyebabkan Masalah Alam Sekitar Penipisan Lapisan Ozon KlorofluoroKarbon ( CFC ) memusnahkan lapisan ozon
Menyebabkan lebih banyak sinar ultaungu sampai ke bumi
Menyebabkan kanser kulit dan merosakkan mata
Air Pollution
Air Pollution Causes Environmental Problem The Greenhouse Effect Carbon dioxide prevents heat from the Earth from escaping into space Increase of the Earths temperature causes global warming or greenhouse effect Melting of ice at the poles causes rising sea levels
Pencemaran Udara
Pencemaran Udara Menyebabkan Masalah Alam Sekitar Kesan Rumah Hijau Karbon dioksida menghalang haba daripada Bumi terbebas ke angkasa Peningkatan suhu Bumi menyebabkan pemanasan global atau kesan rumah hijau Ais di kutub melebur menyebabkan peningkatan paras air laut
5.6 The Importance of Keeping The Air Clean
The Importance of Keeping The Air Clean

To ensure the survival of human being and other living organisms
To maintain and guarantee the good health of the community
Kepentingan Mengekalkan Kebersihan Udara

Untuk memastikan kemandirian manusia dan organisma hidup yang lain
Untuk mengekalkan dan menjamin kesihatan manusia

Society Avoid open burning. Reuse, recycle and reduce. Science and technology Use unleaded petrol Use ozone friendly gases. Steps to Prevent and control Air Pollution Build tall chimneys for factories. Legislation Enforce acts in controlling air pollution Education Carry out campaigns and advertisement through media

Masyarakat Elakkan pembakaran terbuka. Guna semula, kitar semula dan kurangkan Industri Gunakan petrol tidak berplumbum Langkah-Langkah Untuk Menghalang Dan Mencegah Pencemaran Udara Gunakan gas mesra ozon Membina corong tinggi bagi kilang Perundangan Menguatkuasakan undang-undang baru Pendidikan Kempen, seminar, aktiviti atau iklan melalui media masa
Reduce the use of airconditioner Avoid open burning Stop smoking Ways To Keep The Air Clean Plant more trees for reforestation Use public transport (LRT, Commuter train) Recycle, reduce. Car pool reuse,

Kurangkan penggunaan penyaman udara Elakkan terbuka pembakaran
Berhenti merokok Cara-Cara Mengekalkan Udara Bersih Penanaman tumbuhan semula
Gunakan pengangkutan awam (LRT, komuter) Kitar semula, guna semula dan kurangkan Perkongsian kereta
The End
i - Teach

The Composition of Air

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

The Composition of Air

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Topic 5 The Air Around Us

5.1 The Composition of Air

ITeach Science Form 1

Topic 5 The Air Around Us