4.

5 WORK, ENERGY, POWER, and EFFICIENCY IN HUMANS

Prepared by: April Lou D. Cortezano BSN- 1C

Metabolic Rates
The rate of conversion of food energy to some other form The total energy conversion rate of a person at rest is called basal metabolic rate (BMR)

TABLE 4.4 / BASAL METABOLIC RATE AND OXYGEN CONSUMPTION RATES

Organ Power Power Consumed at consumed at Rest (kcal/min) rest (W) 0.33 0.23 0.13 0.08 0.23 1.22 23 16 15 9 6 16 85 Oxygen Consumption (ml O2/min) 67 47 45 26 17 48 250 Percent of BMR 27 19 18 10 7 19 100 Liver and Spleen Brain Kidney Heart Other Totals

Skeletal muscle 0.22

Example :
How many grams of fat will an idle person gain in a day by consuming 2500 kcal of food?

Solution:
The energy requirement in kilocalories can be calculated from data in Table 4.4

(1.22 kcal/min)(60 min/hr)(24 hr/day) = 1757 kcal/day

So the number of excess kilocalories is :

2500 kcal 1757 kcal = 743 kcal

EFFICIENCY and HUMAN ACTIVITY

TABLE 4.5 / ENERGY and OXYGEN CONSUMPTION RATES
Activity
Sleeping Sitting at rest Standing relaxed Sitting in class Walking slowly(4.8km.hr Cycling(13-18km/hr) Shivering

Power: Rate of Energy Consumption (kcal/min)

1.2 1.7 1.8 3.0 3.8 5.7 6.1

Power: Rate of Energy Consumption (W)

83 120 125 210 265 400 425

Oxygen Consumption (liters O2/min)

0.24 0.34 0.36 0.060 0.76 1.14 1.21

Playing tennis
Swimming breakstroke Ice skating(14.5km.hr) Climbing stairs(116/min Cycling(21 km/hr) Playing basketball Cycling professional racer

6.3
6.8 7.8 9.8 10.0 11.4 26.5

440
475 545 685 700 800 1855

1.26
1.36 1.56 1.96 2.00 2.28 5.30

The Anaerobic and Aerobic Phases

Anaerobic phase - No ingestion of oxygen is required - The production of ATP without the use of oxygen Aerobic phase - Requires oxygen from the lungs to maintain its activity. - The production of ATP utilizing oxygen

Example:
Compare the amount of oxygen consumed in 1 hr bu cyclist travelling at 21 km/hr with that uses by a person sleeping. What would you exext the ration of the respiratory raes to be in these two activities?

Solution :
Table 4.5 gives the rate of oxygen (O2) consumption when cycling. Thus

lO2= (2.00 liters O /min)(60 min)

2

= 120 liters O2

cycling

And for sleeping :

lo = (0.24 liter 02/min)(60 min) =14.4 liters 02 sleeping
2

The ratio is :
120 liters O2 / 14.4 liters O2