2.0 Ma TG Gpunjrj JPD NGSJPF, R%F KW WK Nghushjhu GPD DDP

2.0 Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;jpd; ngsjPf, r%f kw;Wk; nghUshjhu gpd;ddp nfhz;LtUk; mj;jpahakhf ,J mike;Js;sJ.
ngsjPf mk;rq;fshf jiuj;Njhw;wk;, fhyepiy (ntg;gepiy, kio tPorrp)> kz; tsk;, ePu; tsk;, fly; tsk;, Gtp ; ; kw;Wk; mlu;jjp, fy;tp epiy, Rfhjhuk;, kPdt FbapUg;G, njhlu;ghly; Nghd;wdTk; ; ntspAUttpay; mikg;G Nghd;wdTk; r%f mk;rq;fshf rdj;njhif> guk;gy; nghUshjhu mk;rq;fshf kPdgpb cw;gj;jp> re;ijg;gLj;jy;> tUkhdk;> Nrkpg;G> ; ; Ntiytha;gG> ; Nghf;Ftuj;J> JiwKf trjp> njhopEl;g trjp> Vida Nritj;Jiwfs; (FbePu> kpd;rhuk;> tPjpfs;> tbfhz; ) Nghd;wdTk; Ma;Tg; gpuNjrk; ; njhlu;ghf Muhag;gLfpd;wd. Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;jpd; ngsjPf, r%f kw;Wk; nghUshjhu mk;rq;fis ntspf;
2.1 Ma;Tg; gpuNjrk; gw;wpa mwpKfk; fpof;fpyq;ifapd; mk;ghiw khtl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; fy;Kid kPdt khtl;lkhdJ 03 gpuNjr nrayfg; gpupTfis (fy;Kid jkpo; gpupT> fy;Kid K];ypk; gpupT> rha;ejkUJ) cs;slf;fpajhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t; Ma;T ; gpuNjrkhdJ mk;ghiw khtl;lj;jpd; epUthfg; gl;lzkhd mk;ghiw efupypUe;J rk;khe;Jiwg; ghijapd; Clhf Town) fpof;Nf njd;fpof;F 24km J}uj;jpYk; kl;lf;fsg;G topNa 40km khtl;lj;jpypUe;J(Batticaloa fiuNahuj;jpd;
njhiytpYk; flw;fiuia mz;kpj;Jk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,g;gpuNjrk; 144.57 sq km ePsj;ijf; nfhz;lJld; flw;fiu epyj;Njhw;wk; fly; kl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J 10m cauj;jpw;F
rkjiuahfTk;
cw;gl;ljhfTk;
fhzg;gLfpwJ. rdj;njhif mlu;jjpahdJ ; Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;jpy; mjpfsthf ,Ug;gJld; kPdt FLk;gq;fSk; mjpfsthf fhzg;gLfpd;wd. 2008 k; Mz;L rdj;njhif fzf;nfLg;gpd;gb ,g;gpuNjrj;jpd; rdj;njhif 107,418 MFk;. 17,316 kPdt FLk;gq;fSk; 85>780 kPdt kf;fSk;; 18>039 kPd; gpbg;gtu;fSk; tho;fpd;wdu;. fy;Kid khefu rigapd; fPo; 03 gpuNjr nrayhsu; gpupTfSk; (fy;Kid K];ypk; gpupT> fy;Kid jkpo; gpupT> rha;ejkUJ) 74 fpuhk Nrtfu; gpupTfSk; 76 ; fpuhkq;fSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,t;thwhd epiyapy; fle;j mdu;jjj;jpdhy; Ma;Tg; gpuNjrk; ; 2004.12.26 k; jpfjpad;W ,lk;ngw;w Rdhkp fLikahf ghjpf;fg;gl;lNjhL mjpfsthd
10
A Case Study on Socio Economic Development Of Coastal Fisheries Society Kalmunai Fisheries District
capu;fSk; ,of;fg;gl;ld. mg;gpuNjrj;jpd; cl;fl;likg;G> kf;fspd; [PtNdhghak;> kPdgpb kw;Wk; nghUshjhu eltbf;iffs; Nghd;wit ghjpf;fg;gl;ld. mur> jdpahu; ; epWtdq;fspd; cjtpfs; gy fpilf;fg;ngw;Wk; kPdt r%fk; ,d;Dk; Kd;Ndw;wk; fhzKbahky; gpd;diltpNyNa fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
2.1.1 Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;jpd; Gtpapay; epiyak; Gtpapay; ikak; mfyhq;F nel;lhq;F : : tlmfyhq;F
6 53 - 7 25
gpuNjr vy;iyfs; tlf;F fpof;F njw;F Nkw;F : : : :
fpof;F nel;lhq;F 81 27 - 81 49 ghz;bUg;G tq;fhs tpupFlh fhiujPT rk;khe;Jiw, ehtpjd; ntsp gpuNjrq;fs;
fy;Kid K];ypk; gpupT> fy;Kid jkpo; gpupT> rha;ejkUJ Nghd;w gpuNjr ; nrayhsu; gpupTfis cs;slf;fpa Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;jpd; Gtpapay; epiyakhdJ Nkw; Fwpg;gplg;gl;lJ Nghd;W Gtpapay; ikaj;ijAk; gpuNjr vy;iyfisAk;
nfhz;like;Js;sJ.
2.1.2 Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;jpd; tuyhw;W uPjpahd ghu;it
fy;Kid kPdt khtl;lj;jpy; 03 gpuNjr nrayfg; gpupTfspYk; ,d uPjpahd mbg;gilapy; kf;fs; guk;gpf; fhzg;gLfpd;wdH. fy;Kid K];ypk; nrayfg; gpuptpy; 99.88% Mdtu; K];ypq;fshfTk;> 0.06% Mdtu; jkpou;fshfTk;> 0.06% Mdtu; rpq;fstu;fshfTk; cs;sdu;. fy;Kid jkpo; nrayfg; gpuptpy; 92.58% Mdtu;
jkpou;fshfTk;> 4.46% Mdtu; K];ypq;fshfTk;> 0.50% Mdtu; rpq;fstu;fshfTk; VidNahu; 2.46% Mf fhzg;gLfpdwdu;. rha;ejkUJ gpuNjr nrayfg; gpuptpy; 100% ; K];ypq;fshf fhzg;gLfpdwdu;. fy;Kidg; gpuNjrkhdJ ePzlfhy tuyhw;wpidf; nfhz;l xU gok;ngUk; ; fpuhkkhFk;. ,t;T+upd; fiuapypUe;J RkhH xU ikYf;F mg;ghy; flypd; xU ghiw
11
Nghd;W ePlbf;nfhz;Ls;sJ. fhyj;Jf;F fhyk; Vw;gl;l ,aw;if epfo;tfshy; ; jpirkhwpte;j fg;gy;fs; gy ,e;j fy;Kidapy; Nkhjp Nrjj;Jf;Fs;shfpd. me;j fw;ghiwf;F Neuhf ,Uf;Fk; fiuNahuj;ij ,d;Wk; $l Kid vd;W miof;fpd;wdH. kf;fs; ,e;j ,lj;jpy; mNdfkhf kPdthbfis mikj;Js;sdH. ; flypy; gpbgLfpd;w kPdfis gjdplg;gLfpd;w fUthLfis ,e;j Kid vd;w ; ,lj;jpy; itj;J kPdtHfSk; tpahghupfSk; re;ijg;gLj;Jfpd;wdH. mjd; fhuzkhf ,e;j ,lk; kPd; fUthL tpahghupfspd; gpujhd epiyakhfTk; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. flypy; fhzg;gLk; ,e;j fy;Kidghiwapd; fhuzkhf ,t;t+Uf;F fy;Kid vd;w ngaH toq;fyhapw;W. ,e;j Kidia Nehf;fp 1505k; Mz;Lfspy; Nghj;Jf;Nfahpd; ml;Lypaj;Jf;Fg; gae;J nty;y];] fpuhkj;jpy; ,Ue;J Vuhskhd K];ypk;fs; FbNawpdH. NkYk; FbNawpatHfspy; rpyH fy;Kid grhupy; rpwpa eLj;ju tpahghuj;jpy; <Lgl;ldH. fhyg;Nghf;fpy; fy;Kid grhH fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; xU tHj;jf jiyefukhf kpspuj;njhlq;fpaJ. fpof;fpy; fly; ,Ug;gjhy; fly; kPdgpbapYk; mth;fs; <Lgl;ldH. mJ mjpf tUkhdkPlLk; njhopyhf ; ; mike;jJ. ,g;gpuNjr kf;fs; ngupJk; flw;njhopypy; <Lgl;bUe;jdH. kf;fs; njhif mjpfhpg;G fhuzkhf czTj;NjitAk; mjpfupf;f Ntz;bNaw;gl;lJ. ,jd; nghUl;L mtHfs; ed;dH kPdgpbj;JiwapYk; <Lgl;ldH. tay;fSf;fUfhikapy; P ; MW> Fsq;fs; ,Ue;jjhy; mtHfs; ,j;njhopypy; ftdk; nrYj;jf;$bajhf ,Ue;jJ. fy;Kid jkpo; gpupT gy;ypd kf;fis nfhz;l xU gpuNjr nrayfkhFk;. ,g;gFjpapy; ,e;Jf;fs;> fpwp];jth;fs;> K];ypk;fs;> ngsj;jh;fs; tho;fpd;wdh;. ,th;fs; vt;tpj gpzf;FfSk; ,d;wp rNfhjuh;fshf xUth; kw;wth;fSila ,d;g Jd;gq;fspy; fye;Jnfhs;fpd;wik tpNrl mk;rkhFk;. mj;Jld; ,e;Jf;fs; mjpfkhf tho;fpd;w NghJk; kw;iwa ,d kf;fSila fyhrhu epfo;Tfis kjpj;J mth;fSld; ,ize;J tho;fpd;wik r%f mikg;Gf;F xU vLj;Jf;fhl;lhFk;. ; 1602k; ];gpy;Ngu;f; Mz;L ,yq;iff;F vDk; tp[ak; ,lj;jpy; nra;j lr;Rf; fk;gdpapd; 1691k; J}Jtu; Mz;L
rha;ejkUJ ;
te;jpuq;fpajhfTk;
fhyg;gFjpapy; gs;spthry; gughyd rigapd; fPo; 18 Fbfisr; Nru;ej K];ypk; ; kf;fs; tho;ejjhfTk; Fwpg;gplg;gLtNjhL mg;gpuNjr kf;fs; jr;R Ntiy> tptrhak;> ; kPdgpb> kuj;jpdhy; Njhzp> nfhy;yh vd;gd Filjy; Nghd;wdtw;iw njhopyhf ; Nkw;nfhz;Lk; te;Js;sdu;. kPdgpbapy; fiutiy> khatiy vd;gdNt ngupJk; ; rpwg;ghf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. rha;ejkUJ ; gpuNjrj;jpypUe;J gf;fj;jpYs;s fy;Kidf;F kf;fs; FbNawpaikahy; fy;Kidf;Fb vd ngaUk; ngw;Ws;sJ.
12
2.2 Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;jpd; ngsjPf Njhw;wg;ghLfs; 2.2.1 jiuj;Njhw;wk; ,yq;ifapd; fiuNahu rkntspapy; Ma;Tg; gpuNjrk; (fy;Kid kPdt khtl;lk;) mike;Js;sjhy; jiuj;Njhw;wk; rkntspahd jiuj;Njhw;wkhf fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,g;gpuNjrj;jpd; flw;fiu epyj;Njhw;wk; rkjiuahfTk; fly; kl;lj;jpy; rpw;whWfSk; MWfSk; gUtfhyj;jitahFk;. ,jdhy; jho;thd epyg;gFjp nts;sj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Ma;Tg; kzw;ghq;fhd nrwpthd
,Ue;J 10m cauj;jpw;F cw;gl;ljhfTk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,q;F fhzg;gLk; vy;yh
kiofhyj;jpy;
gpuNjrj;jpd; fpof;F Nkw;fhf nry;Yk; NghJ flw;fiuNahuk; kz;zpypUe;J fspg;ghq;fhd Nkl;Lg;gFjp tiu jiuj;Njhw;wk;
NtWgl;L nry;fpwJ. ,J fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J 75 120 tiu cau;eJ nry;fpwJ. ; gpuptpy; mike;Js;s kl;lf;fsg;G mf;fiug;gw;W gpujhd tPjpapy; Nkw;Fg; Gwkhf rJg;G epyKk; gpd;du; fspj;jiuAk; mike;J fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,r;rJg;G epyj;jpd; rpWgFjpapy; tpahghu ];jhgdq;fSk; filj;njhFjpfSk; Rdhkp kPs; FbNaw;wj;jpw;fhd FbapUg;Gf;fSk; kw;Wk; mur jpizf;fsq;fSk; ghlrhiyfSk; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
2.2.2 fhyepiy ,yq;if madkz;ly gUtf;fhw;W fhyepiyiaf; nfhz;lJ. ,yq;ifapd; fhyepiyia gy;NtW fhuzpfs; epu;zapf;fpd;wd. mt;tifapy; fy;Kid kPdt khtl;lj;jpid vLj;Jf;nfhz;lhy; ,g;gpuNjrj;jpd; mfyhq;F epiyak;> miktplk;> jiuj;Njhw;wk; vd;gtw;iw nghUj;J ,g;gFjpapd; fhyepiy jPukhdpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ; mt;tifapy; ,g;gpuNjrj;jpd; fhyepiyapy; gpd;tUk; %yfq;fs; Kf;fpak; ngWfpd;wd. 1) ntg;gepiy 2) kiotPorrp ; ; ntg;gepiy fy;Kid kPdt khtl;lj;jpd; miktplkhdJ kj;jpa Nfhl;Lg;gpuNjrj;jpy; mike;jpUg;gjhy; ,g;gFjp nghJthf #upa ntg;gj;jpid njhlu;rrpahf ; ngw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wJ. vdpDk; fly; kl;lj;jpyhd jiuAauk;> flypy; ,Ue;J mike;Js;s J}uk;> gUtf; fhw;Wf;fs;> mKf;f ,uf;fq;fs; fhuzkhf XusT kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l ntg;gj;jpidNa ngWfpwJ.
13
,g;gpuNjrj;jpd; ruhrup tUlhe;j ntg;gepiy 25C
27C MFk;. vdpDk;
khu;r; - Vg;uy;> nrg;lk;gu; - xf;Nlhgu; khjq;fspYk; njd; Nkf;F gUtf;fhw;W tuz;l fr;rhd; fhw;whf tPRk;. [{iy Xf];l; khjq;fspYk; ruhrup ntg;gepiyahdJ 28C tiu mjpfupj;Jr; nry;fpwJ.
fy;Kid kPdt khtl;lj;jpd; khjhe;j ntg;gepiyg; Nghf;F ( 2006 2010 )
khjk; [dtup ngg;utup khu;r; Vg;uy; Nk [{d; [{iy Xf];l; nrg;lk;gu; xf;Nlhgu; etk;gu; brk;gu; tUl ruhrup
2006 22 26.9 29 29.9 30.4 29.8 30.3 30.5 30.2 27.9 27.3 25.1 25.7
2007 22 26.9 29 29.9 30.4 29.8 30.3 30.5 30.2 27.9 27.3 25.1 25.4
2008 22 26.9 29 29.9 30.4 29.8 30.3 30.5 30.2 27.9 27.3 25.1 25.4
2009 25 27.5 29 28.5 32 30.5 32 32 33 26 27.5 25.2 25.3
2010 22 22.5 24 30.5 33.4 32.4 34.2 30.4 33.2 28.5 28.5 26.3 28.8
(ml;ltiz 2.1)
%yk;:- thdpiy mtjhd epiyak; - nghj;Jtpy; (2010)
Mz;L ruhrup ntg;gepiy ( C ) - fy;Kid (2001 - 2010)

30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
ntg;gepiy
(tiuglk; 2.1)
14
kiotPorrp ; ; fy;Kid kPdt khtl;lj;jpd; miktplkhdJ kj;jpa Nfhl;Lg;gpuNjrj;jpy; mike;jpUg;gjhy; ,g;gFjp tUlk; KOtJk; gutyhf kioia ngWfpd;wJ. ,t;tifapy; fy;Kid kPdt khtl;lj;jpd; miktplj;ijg; nghUj;J 03 tifahd kio tPorrpiag; ngWfpd;wJ. ; ; 1. Nkw;fhTif kio ( cifg;G kio ) 2. gUtf; fhw;W kio ( nkhd;#d; kio ) 3. #whtsp kio ( mKf;f ,uf;f kio ) ,g;gpuNjrk; madkz;ly fhyepiyapy; fhzg;gl;lhYk; Xf;Nlhgu;> etk;gu;> brk;gu;> [dtup> ngg;utup Mfpa khjq;fspy; tlfPo; gUtf;fhw;wpd; %yk; fzprkhd msT kio tPorrpiag; ngWfpd;wJ. ; ; #whtsp kio fhuzkhf Xf;Nlhgu; khjj;jpYk; fzprkhd msT kioiag; ngWfpd;wJ. filrpg; gFjpapYk; etk;gu;
fy;Kid kPdt khtl;lj;jpd; khjhe;j kio tPorrpg; Nghf;F ; ; ( 2006 2010 ) khjk; [dtup ngg;utup khu;r; Vg;uy; Nk [{d; [{iy Xf];l; nrg;lk;gu; xf;Nlhgu; etk;gu; brk;gu; tUl ruhrup 2006 369.8 107 46 26 42.4 60.5 3.3 10 25.3 128.9 24.1 666.6 1509.9 2007 369.8 107 46 26 42.4 60.5 3.3 10 25.3 128.9 24.1 666.6 1509.9 2008 369.8 107 46 26 42.4 60.5 60.5 10 107 128.9 24.1 666.6 1648.8 2009 369.8 107 3.3 26 42.4 60.5 60.5 128.6 322.4 128.9 458.7 546.8 2254.9 2010 200.2 78 4.2 7 9 20 14 15 25 132.5 547.5 645.2 1697.6
(ml;ltiz 2.2)
15
Mz;L ruhrup kio tPo;r;rp (ml ) - fy;Kid (2001 - 2010)

2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 %yk;:- thdpiy mtjhd epiyak; - nghj;Jtpy; (2010) (tiuglk; 2.2) kio tPo;r;rp
,t;thwhf ntg;gepiyahdJ XusT mjpfkhfTk; kio tPorrpahdJ kj;jpk ; ; epiyapYk; nfhz;l cyu; tiya jho; epyg; gFjpahf ,g;gpuNjrk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
2.2.3; kz; tsk; ,yq;ifapd; kz; tsq;fSs; mz;ikf;fhy tz;ly; kz; gbTfs; fpof;F khfhzj;jpd; tlf;Nf epyhntsp njhlf;fk; njw;Nf jpUf;Nfhtpy; tiuahd gpuNjrq;fspy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; cs;s kz; tsk; mjd; Nkw;gilfs; ,lj;jpw;fplk; NtWgl;ljhf fhzg;gLtjhYk; nghJthf ,g;gpuNjrj;jpd; kz; tsk; ,Wf;fkhd fbdkw;w fdpg;nghUl;fspdhy; mike;J fhzg;gLtjhYk; ,ij kz; Nghu;it nfhz;l jiug; gpuNjrkhff; nfhs;syhk;. kz; Nkw;gilahdJ 05 20 tiu gutpf; rpijtpdhYk; Nrjd> mNrjd nghUl;fspd; rpijtpdhYk; rPuhf fhzg;gLtjpy;iy. ,q;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;f 03 kz; tsq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. 1) flYf;F mz;ika milay; kz; 2) nrq;fgpy epw kz; 3) tz;ly; milay; kz; kl;lf;fsg;G mf;fiug;gw;W gpujhd ghijf;F fpof;Nf fliy mz;ba
gpuNjrq;fs; ngUk;ghYk; kzy; epiwe;j kz; mikg;ghfTk; gpujhd ghijf;F Nkw;Nf cs;s gpuNjrq;fs; ,Uthl;b> fsp Nghd;w kz; mikg;igAk; nfhz;L fhzg;gLfpwd.
16
Ma;Tg; gpuNjr kz; tsq;fs; FWf;F ntl;LKfk;
1. cf;fy; fye;j kz; 2. FUj;J kzy; 3. ,sk; Rz;z milay; 4. nrq;fgpy kz; 5. nkd; kzy; 6. jha;g; ghiw Tt
(tiuglk; 2.3)
01. 02. 03. 04. 05.
rpwpjst cf;fYs;s Nky; kz; fpwty; ikf;fp kz; gpQ;R kiy jha;g; ghiw
06. Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; kz;tsj;ij Gtp Nkw;gug;gpypUe;J jha;g;ghiw tiu gFj;J Nehf;Fk; NghJ NkNy glj;jpy; fhl;lg;gl;lthW mike;J fhzg;gLfpwd;J. fiuNahuk; Ie;J tif kz; gilfshfTk; kzw;Nriz> ew;gpl;bKid> Nridf;FbapUg;G cs;slf;fpa cs;ehl;Lg; gFjpapy; ehd;F kz; gilfSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. fiuNahu kz; tiffspy; cf;fy; fye;j kz; 02 - 03 mb tiuAk; mjd; fPo; 10 mb Moj;jpy; FUj;J kzy; (gl;Lj; jd;ik) fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,t;tpU kzy;fspYk; tbfl;Lk; jd;ik ,y;yhjjdhy; epyePHf; fyg;G Vw;gl;L ePH nfLfpd;wJ. vdpDk; ,jd; fPo; Vwj;jhs 1 - 2 mb Moj;jpw;F ,sQ; Rz;ztilay; fhzg;gLfpwd;J. ,J Kw;whf rq;F> cf;fpa rpg;gpfs;> kzy; fye;jdthf cs;sJ. ,jdhy; XusT ePH tbfl;Ljypy; <LgLfpd;wJ. ,jidaLj;J 3 - 4 mb Moj;jpw;F nrq;fgpy kz;Zk; mjidaLj;J ,Wfpa nkd;kzYk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jpy; ,y;kidl;L fdpak; fye;Js;sJ. ,g;gil kz; Vwj;jhs 8 - 10 mbtiu
17
fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,g;gilapy; J}a;ikahd> Fspuhd ePUk; > FbePHf; fpzWfs; mikg;gjw;fhf ntl;Lk;NghJ ePH Nky; Nehf;fp tUtijAk; fhzf;$bajhfTs;sJ. cs;ehl;L kz; tifia Nehf;Fk; NghJ Nkw;gilapy; cf;fy; fye;J Nky; kz; 05 - 06 mb Mok; tiuAk; mjd; fPo; 06 - 07 mbf;F fputy; gilAk;> mjidaLj;J 02 - 03 mbf;F ikf;fp kz;Zk;> mjd; fPo; 10 - 12 mb Moj;jpw;F gilahyhd gpQ;R kiyAk; mike;J fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; fputy;gil> ikf;fp kz; mike;jpUg;gjdhy; ed;whf tbfl;lgl;l Rj;jkhd ePH fpilf;fg; ngWfpd;wJ.
2.2.4 ePu; tsk; fy;Kid kPdt khtl;lj;jpid nghUj;jtiuapy; ePu; gad;ghl;bid ,g;gpuNjr kf;fs; jq;fsJ FbapUg;G epyq;fspy; mikf;fg;gl;l fpzWfspy; ,Ue;Jk; Foha; ePu; %yKk; jkJ Njitfis G+u;jjp nra;J tUfpd;wdu;. ; FbapUg;G mlu;jjp fhuzkhf fpzw;W ePu; khrilaf; $ba rhj;jpaf; $Wfs; ; mjpfsT fhzg;gl;lJ. ,e;epiyapy; Rdhkp mdu;jjj;jpw;F (2004.12.26) gpwF ; fiuNahug; gpuNjrk; KOtJk; mikag;ngw;Ws;s Mapuf; fzf;fhd FbapUg;G gpuNjr fpzWfs; Kw;whf ctu; jd;ikf;Fw;gl;L FbePu; ghtizf;F cjthj epiyia mile;Js;sJ. ,jdhy; ,g;gpuNjr kf;fs; Foha; ePu; trjpapid ngw;Ws;sdu;. Nrdhehaf;f rKj;jpuk; Nghd;w Fsq;fs; %ykhf tha;ffhy; kw;Wk; Mw;Wtop ; Mfpad ClhfTk; ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; cs;s Fsq;fs; %ykhfTk; ,g;gpuNjr tptrhaj;jpw;Fk; fhy; eilfSf;Fk; Njitahd ePu; fpilf;fg; ngWfpd;wJ. ,t;thW fhzg;gLk; ePu; tsj;jpid rpwg;ghd Kiwapy; Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;J rpwe;j tbfhy; jpl;lq;fSk; mikf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,q;F trpf;Fk; kf;fs; 2/3 gq;fpdu; ePupay; tsj;jpid ikakhff; nfhz;l
njhopy;fis Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdu;. ,q;F ePupay; tsq;fSs; gpujhdkhf kPdgpb> ; new;nra;if Nghd;wd Nkw;nfs;sg;gLfpwJ. ,g;gpuNjrj;ij nghUj;jtiuapy; Muk;gfhyk; Kjy; fly;eu; kPdgpbNa gpujhdkhf ,Ue;jNghjpYk; ed;du; kPdgpbAk; P ; P ; fiuthF Mw;wpid ikakhff; nfhz;L eilngUfpd;wJ. ,g;gpuNjej;jpy; fpl;lj;jl;l 10 fpNyh kPwwu; ePskhd flw;fiu fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ; ,q;F kpfTk; Mokhd tq;fhstpupFlh fhzg;gLtjhy; gpshq;ld;jhtuk; mjpfstpy; cw;gj;jpahfp fhzg;gLtjpdhYk; ngupastpshd kPdtiffSk; rpwpa kPdtiffSk; ; ; fyu;kdtiffSk; ngUfpf; fhzg;gLfpdwd. ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; fiuNahuf; flw;gug;gpy; P ;
18
Fwpg;gpl;l mstpNyNa eilngUfpd;wJld; ,q;F mjpfkhf Kf;fpa gq;Ftfpf;fpd;wJ. ePu; tsk; %d;W tifg;gLk;. 1. jiuePu; (Ground Water) 3. fly; ePu; 2. Nkw;gug;G ePu; (Surface Water) jiuePu;
Mo;fly;
kPdgpbNa ;
jiu ePu; vd;gJ G+kpapd; Nkw;gug;Gf;F fPohf fhzg;gLk; ePuhFk;. mjhtJ kz;zpd; Clhfg; nghrpe;J fPo; kz;zpd; my;yJ gLf;ifg;ghiwapy; NrUk; kioePug; ; gFjpahdJ jiuePu; vdg;gLfpd;wJ. ,j;jiuePuhdJ ,g;gFjpapy; fpzWfs; %ykhfg; ngwg;gLfpd;wd. ,f;fpzWfs; Rkhu; 22mb Moj;jpw;F Njhz;lg;gl;L ,e;eu; P ngwg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jd; %yk; kf;fspd; md;whl NjitfSk; tptrhaj; NjitfSk; G+u;jjp nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. epyf;fo; ePiu epuk;gpa tyak; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ. ; P epyf;fo; ePupd; Njhw;wj;jpid gpd;tUkhW Nehf;fyhk;. P
kz; ePu; epuk;ghj tyak; GtpaPugG ePu; ; ; kapu;jJis ePu; ; jiu ePu; cs;sf ePu; ePugglk; ; ; P
epuk;gpa tyak;
Nkw;gug;G ePu; Nkw;gug;G ePuhdJ MWfs;> Vupfs;> Fsq;fs;> jlhfq;fs;> mUtpfs; vd;gtw;wpd; %yk; ngwg;gLfpd;wJ. ,g;gpuNjej;jpy; fiuthF Mw;wpid tptrhaKk;> ed;du; kPd; gpbAk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ. P fly; ePu; fy;Kid kPdt khtl;lj;jpy; fpof;Fg; gFjpapy; flypidf; nfhz;Ls;sjhy; ,jd; %yk; fly; ePutsk; fpilf;fpdwJ. ,jd; %yNk ,g;gpuNjr kf;fs; kPdgpbj;njhopiy ; ; Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdu;. ,t;thuhf gy topfspYk; ePutsj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;s ,g;gFjpahdJ mjpfkhd ; rdj;njhif nrwpitf; nfhz;Ls;sjhy; ePukhrhf;fj;jpw;F cw;gl;L Neha;fs; ; ikakhff; nfhz;L
19
guTtjhy; mjpfkhd kf;fs; ,d;W Njrpa ePutoq;fy tbfhyikg;G rigapd; ePu; ; ,izg;gpidNa ehbr; nry;fpd;wdu; vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;.
2.2.5 fly; tsk; ,yq;ifapd; ,aw;ifr; nry;tq;fSs; fly;tsj;jpw;F Kf;fpakhd ,lKz;L. ,jw;F fhuzk; ehyhgf;fKk; flyhy; #og;glbUg;gjdhyhFk;. ,yq;ifapy; Kf;fpakhd fly; tsk; cs;s gFjpfspy; fy;KidAk; xd;whFk;. fy;Kid kPdt khtl;lj;jpy; rha;ejkUJ> fy;Kidf;Fb> fy;Kid efu;> ; ,];yhkhghj;> kUjKid> ghz;bUg;G> ngwpaePyhtid> Nghd;w gpuNjrq;fs; fly; tsj;ijf; nfhz;litahFk;. Rdhkp mdu;j;jk; Vw;gLtjw;F Kd;du; fliy mz;ba gpuNjrq;fspy; fzprkhd epyg;gug;G nghJkf;fshy; FbapUg;Gf;;fhf mlu;j;jpaha gpbf;fg;gl;bUe;j epiyapy;> ,g;gpuNjr kPdtu;fs; gy;NtW mnrsfupaq;fis vjpu;Nehf;fp te;jdu; mjhtJ fiutiy ,Og;gjw;F Nghjpa ,ltrjpapd;ik> glFfis fiu Nru;ff ; Kbahik> tiyfis cyutpLk; trjpapd;ik> #oy;khriljy; Nghd;w gpur;rpidfs; mitahFk; Rdhkp mdu;jjj;jpd; gpd;du; ; nghJkf;fshy; FbapUg;Gf;fhf mlu;j;jpahf gpbf;fg;gl;bUe;j kPdgpbf;fhd ; mg;gpuNjrq;fis tpl;L mk;kf;fs; mfd;W nrd;wpUe;j NghjpYk; Rdhkp mdu;jjj;jpw;Fw;gl;l ; fl;bl ,bghLfSk; Vida rpijTfSk; Kw;whf mg;gpuNjrq;fis tpl;L mfw;wg;glhj epiyapy; jw;NghJk; kPdtu;fs; kPdgpbj; njhopiy rpwe;j Kiwapy; nra;a KbahJ cs;sdu;. NkYk; fly; gpuNjrj;jpYk; mjhtJ flypYs;Sk; ,t;thwhd ,bghLfSk; rpijTfSk; fzprkhff; fhzg;gLtjhy; kPdtu;fspd; gpur;rpidfs; ,d;Dk; rpf;fyhf cs;sJ. ,t;thwhf fly;tsk; ghjpg;Gf;Fl;gl;l epiyapy; fhzg;glfpd;wJ.
2.2.6 Gtp ntspAUttpay; mikg;G fiuNahu gpuNjrj;jd; Kf;fpakhd thoplq;fshf fopKfq;fSk; fsg;Gf;fSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. jhtu> tpyq;Ffspd; gy;tifj; jd;ikf;F ,f;fopKfq;fSk; fsg;Gf;fSk; kpf Kf;fpakhditahf fhzg;gLfpd;wd. fopKfq;fs; flYld; RahjPdkhf njhlu;GilajhFk;. ,j;njhlu;ghdJ tUlk; KotJk; njhlu;rrpahdjhfTk; ,Uf;fyhk; my;yJ ,iltpl;l njhlu;GilajhfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;. ; ,NjNtis fsg;Gfs; ePzlfhykhf flYld; njhlu;gw;w epiyapy; fhzg;gLk;. ; (CZMP 2007) Mdhy; kf;fs; fsg;igAk; fopKfj;ijAk; ,lj;jpw;fplk; tpUk;gpathW gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;.
20
fy;Kid kPdt khtl;lj;jpy; rha;ejkUJ gFjpapy; Kfj;Jthuj;Jld; ; rk;ke;jg;gl;lthW fur;ir fsg;G fhzg;gLfpwJ. Muk;g fhyj;jpy; ,f;fsg;ghdJ kpfmjpfkhd gug;GilajhfTk; MokhdjhfTk; fhzg;gl;lJld; mjd; ,U Xuq;fspYk; fz;ly; jhtuq;fs; fhzg;gl;ljhfTk; gpd;G Jupj rdj;njhif ngUf;fj;jpd; fhuzkhf mjid mz;bAs;s kf;fs; nkJ nkJthf jpd;kf;fopTg; nghUl;fis nfhl;bAk; kz;iz epug;gpAk; jkJ ,Ug;gplq;fis mikj;Jf; nfhz;ldu;.
Kfj;Jthuj;jpd; xU gFjp xspg;glk; (2.1)
Kfj;Jthuf; fsg;G flYld; NrUjy;
rpy kPdtu;fs; Xa;thd Neuq;fspy; ,f;fsg;gpy; tPrR tiy> J}z;by; ; Nghd;wtw;iwf; nfhz;L kPdgpbg;gJ tof;fkhFk;. ,t;tplj;jpy; kz; mfo;T ; eltbf;if ,lk; ngUtjhy; ,g;gFjpapy; kz;zupg;G ,lk; ngWfpwJ. ,jdhy; kz;tskhdJ ghjpg;giltJld; kPdtu;fs; gy rpukq;fisAk; vjpu;nfhs;fpd;wdu;.
fsg;gpy; tPrR tiy nfhz;L tPRjy; ; (xspg;glk; 2.2)
Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;jpy; fy;Kid gFjpapy; rpwpa KidAk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. flypd; rpwpa gFjp epyg;gug;Gf;Fs; js;sg;gl;bUg;gij mtjhdpf;fyhk;. fiutiy %yk; kPdgpbg;gtu;fSf;F mt;Kidg; gFjp kpfTk; gpuNahrdkhfTs;sJ. ;
21
fy;Kidg; gpuNjrj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; rpwpa Kidg;gFjp
kUjKidapy; fiutiy (fy;Kidapd; Kidg;gFjpapy;) (xspg;glk; 2.3)
2.3 Ma;Tg; gpuNjr kPdtu;fspd; r%f epiy 2.3.1 rdj;njhif> guk;gy;> mlu;jjp ; Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;ij vLj;Jf;nfhz;lhy; mjd; mgptpUj;jpapy; Kf;fpa gq;F tfpg;gJ kdpj tskhFk;. mjdbg;gilapy; fy;Kid K];ypk;> fy;Kid jkpo;> rha;ejkUJ gpuNjr nrayfq;fspy; 2008 k; Mz;L rdj;njhif fzf;nfLg;gpd;gb ; kPdt FLk;gq;fSk; 26685 Mdhy; ePyhtiz rha;ejkUJ Mfpa ; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. cy;iy kPdt kf;fSk; 7165 kPd; gpbg;gtu;fSk; tho;fpd;wdu;. tiu 17,316 kPdt FLk;gq;fSk; nrwpT mjpfkhf rdj;njhif fhzg;gLtJk; ,g;gpuNjrj;jpd; rdj;njhif 111,858 MFk;. ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; 29504 FLk;gq;fSk; 5337 kf;fSk;; 18,039 kPd; gpbg;gtu;fSk; tho;fpd;wdu;. fy;Kid K];ypk;> fy;Kid jkpo;> gpuNjrq;fspy;
85,780 kPdt
gpuNjr nrayf gpupT fy;Kid K];ypk; fy;Kid jkpo; rha;ejkUJ ; nkhj;jk;
fpuhk Nrtfu; gpupT 30 29 17 76
gpuNjr Sq. Km 66.90 68.67 09.00 144.57
nkhj;j rdj;njhif 48228 35648 27982 111858
FLk;g vz;zpf;if 12570 9291 7643 29504
rdj;njhif Per Sq. Km 730 438 2777 3945
Source: Vulnerability Poverty Profile of Sainthamarathu,Kalmunai (TD and MD),CIRM 2011 (ml;ltiz 2.3)
22
kPdt Fbj;njhif:-
fy;Kid K];ypk; fy;Kid jkpo; rha;ejkUJ ; nkhj;jk;
04 03 02 09
2200 1087 2050 5337
11000 5435 10250 26685
1150 2250 1956 5356
453 500 856 1809
1603 2750 2812 7165
(%yk;: fy;Kid> rha;ejkUJ Gs;sp tpgutpay; ifNaL - 2011) ;

(ml;ltiz 2.4)
kPdtu;fspd; njhif
fy;Kid K];ypk; fy;Kid jkpo; rha;e;jkUJ
39%
41%
20%
(%yk;: fy;Kid> rha;ejkUJ Gs;sp tpgutpay; ifNaL - 2011) ; (gltiuG 2.3)
2.3.2 fy;tp epiy xU gpuNjrj;jpd; mgptpUj;jp fy;tpNyNa jq;fpAs;sJ. fy;tp fw;Nwhu; $Ljyhf fhzg;gLk; NghJ mg;gpuNjrj;jpd; mgptpUj;jpf;F xU J}z;L Nfhyhf mikAk;. r%f> nghUshjhu> ntspg;ghLfis ntspf;fhl;b mg;gpuNjrj;jpd; cw;gj;jp> Ntiytha;gG> tUkhdk; gy;NtWgl;l fhuzpfspd; tsu;rrp Nghd;wtw;Wf;F fy;tp ; ; ,d;wpaikahj xd;whFk;. ,t;tifapy; kPdgpb mgptpUj;jpf;Fk; fy;tpahdJ kpf ; mtrpakhd xd;whfTk; cs;sJ.
nkhj;jk;
KO Neuk;
gFjp Neuk;
gpuNjr nrayf gpupT
kPdtu;fspd; njhif
kPdt FLk;gq;fs;
kPdtu;fs;
kPdt fpuhkq;fs;
23
Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;jpy; ghlrhiy> gy;fiyf; fofk;> mur rhu;gw;w Njrpa kw;Wk; ru;tNjr epWtdq;fs; Nghd;wtw;wpy; fy;tp fw;gtu;fSk; gy;NtW fy;tpkhd;fSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;. ,g;gpuNjr kPdt r%fj;ij nghUj;jtiu fy;tp vd;gJ gpd;jq;fpa epiyapNyNa fhzg;gLfpwJ. kPdt r%fk; ngUk;ghYk; fy;tpapy; mf;fiu fhl;Ltjpy;iy. fhuzk; mtu;fs; fy;tpf;F nryT nra;a Nghjpa tUkhdkw;W ,Uf;fpd;wikAk; mtu;fs; kj;jpapy; kPdt r%fk; fy;tpapy; Kd;Ndu KbahJ vd;w kNdhepiyAk; fhzg;gLtjhy; mtu;fs; kPdgpbapy; mf;fiu nfhz;Ls;sdu;. jw;NghJ kPdt ; r%fj;jpy; ,isQu;fs; kPdgpbapy; <LghLfhl;LtJ Fiwthf fhzg;gLfpwJ. rpyu; ; mj;njhopy; jw;NghJ tUkhdk; Fiwthf ,Uf;fpd;wikapidAk; njhopy; nfsutj;jpidAk; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L fy;tpapYk; tpahghuj;jpYk; ntspehl;L Ntiytha;ggpYk; kw;Wk; gy;NtW njhopy; Kaw;rpfspYk; <LghL fhl;Lfpd;wdu;. ; ghlrhiyf; fy;tpapy; flw;nwhopypaYk; czTj;njhopEl;gKk; vd;w ghlj;jpl;lj;ij ,yq;if muR juk; - 10> 11k; tFg;G khztu;fSf;F mwpKfg;gLj;jp ,Ue;Jk; khztu;fs; mf;fiu fhl;LtJ FiwthfNt cs;sJ. UFD gy;fiyf; fofj;jpy; kPdgpb njhopEl;gj;jpw;fhf ghlnewp Muk;gpf;fg;gl;bUg;gJ kPd;gpbf; fy;tpapy; kpfTk; ; ,d;wpaikahj xd;whFk;. fy;Kid kPdt khtl;lj;jpy; kUjKidia vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; fy;tpapy; Kd;Ndw;wkile;jpUg;gijAk; kPdgpbapy; ; mf;fiu kpfTk; Fiwthf fhzg;gLfpd;wikapidAk; vLj;J Nehf;fyhk;. Vida gpuNjrq;fspy; fy;tpepiy jw;NghJ tsu;rrpaile;J tUtijAk; Rl;bf;fhl;l KbAk;. ;
ghlrhiyfspd; mbg;gilapy; khztu;fspd; Mrpupau;fspd; vz;zpf;if (2010) gpuNjr nrayf gpupT fy;Kid K];ypk; fy;Kid jkpo; rha;ejkUJ ; nkhj;jk; ghlrhiyfs; 13 14 08 35 khztu;fs;
11606 7362
6774 25742
Mrpupau;fs; 720 433 336 1446
(%yk;: fy;Kid Nfhl;lf; fy;tp mYyfk; - 2011)

(ml;ltiz 2.5)
24
14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0
11606 7362 6774
720 fy;Kid K];ypk;
433 fy;Kid jkpo; Mrpupau;fs
336 rha;e;jkUJ
khztu;fs
(%yk;: fy;Kid Nfhl;lf; fy;tp mYyfk; - 2011)

(gltiuG 2.4)
kPdgpb gpuNjrj;jpy; mike;j ghlrhiyfs; ; 1. fK/ my; [yhy; tpj;jpayhak; - rha;ejkUJ. ; 2. fK/ wpahYy; [d;dh`; tpj;jpahyak; - rha;ejkUJ. ; 3. fK/ ky;`H ]k;]; tpj;jpahyak; - rha;ejkUJ. ; 4. fK/ my; `k;wh tpj;jpahyak; - fy;Kid Fb. 5. fK/ my; g`;wpah kfh tpj;jpahyak; - fy;Kid Fb. 6. fK/ my; kp];gh tpj;jpahyak; - fy;Kid Fb. 7. fK/ ,];yhkhghj; tpj;jpahyak; - ,];yhkhghj;. 8. fK/ \k;]; kj;jpa fy;Y}up kUjKid. 9. fK/ GytHkzp rupGBd; tpj;jpahyak; kUjKid. 10. fK/ my; kpdd; tpj;jpahyak; kUjKid.
Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l ghlrhiyfs; cl;gl ,d;Dk; rpy jdpahu; fy;tp epWtdq;fSk; ijay; gapw;rp epiyaq;fSk; ,isQu; Nrit kd;wq;fSk; kPdgpb gpuNjrj;jpy; mikag; ; ngw;Ws;sd.
25
kPdgpb gpuNjrj;jpy; mike;j ghlrhiyfspy; xd;W ; (xspg;glk; 2.4)
,isQu; Nrit kd;wk;
2.3.3 Rfhjhuk; Ma;T gpuNjrj;jpd;; mgptpUj;jpapy; Rfhjhu Nritfs; Kf;fpa gq;F tfpf;fpd;wJ. xU gpuNjrj;jpd; Rfhjhu trjp ghjpg;gilAk;NghJ ,J nghUshjhuj;jpd; gpd;dilit Vw;gLj;Jk;. Rfhjhuk; vd;why; cly;MNuhf;fpaj;ijAk;> tho;fpd;w ; kf;fspd; Rfkhd tho;fif epiyapidAk; ,J Kf;fpakhf ntspf;fhl;Lk;. kf;fs; ; Rftho;T thOk; nghOJ gpuNjrj;jpy; Rfhjhuk; vOr;rpailfpd;w mNj Ntis nghUshjhu eltbf;iffSk; NkNyhq;Fk;. ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; thOk; kf;fsplj;jpy; ePupopT> ,uj;jmOj;jk;> ,Uja Neha;> Njhy; Neha; Nghd;w Neha;fs; fhzg;gLtJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. mjpfkhf ,e;Neha;fs; kPdtu;fsplj;jpy; ngUk;ghYk; fhzg;gLfpwd. fy;Kid efhpy; mbg;giltrjpfs; nfhz;l Mjhu itj;jparhiy cs;sJ. ,jid tpl nghpa ePyhtiz> ghz;bUg;G> Nridf;FbapUg;G Nghd;w gFjpfspy; %d;W Rw;waw; $W itj;jparhiyfs; ,aq;Ffpd;wd. ,q;F fh;ggpzpj; jha;khh;fs; > ; Foe;ijfs; MfpNahUf;fhd kUj;Jt Nritfs; ahTk; ,lk;ngWfpd;wd. mj;NjhL jdpahh; itj;jpa epiyaq;fSk; Mas; Ntj itj;jparhiyfSk; ,aq;Ffpd;wd. ,q;F gy;kUj;Jtk; mWitr; rpfpr;ir> gps;isg;NgW> Foe;ij kUj;Jtk; njhlh;ghd itj;jpa Nritfis ngwf;$bajhf cs;sJ.
mur Rfhjhu itj;jpa Nrit epWtdq;fs; 01 Mjhu itj;jparhiy - fy;Kid tlf;F 02 m\;ug; Qhgfhj;j itj;jparhiy fy;Kid njw;F 03 gpuNjr itj;jparhiy kUjKid
26
04 kj;jpa kUe;jfKk; gpurt tpLjpAk; - ngupa ePyhtid 05 kj;jpa kUe;jfk; rha;ejkUJ. ; 06. khtl;l itj;jparhiy rha;ejkUJ. ; fy;Kid MOH gphptpdhy; 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. gpd;tUk; Nrit toq;fg;gLfpwJ.
Foe;ijfSf;F jLg;g+rp Vw;wy; kNyhpah jLg;Gr; Nrit fh;ggpzpfSf;fhd rj;JzT toq;fy;. ; fhg;gpzpfSf;fhd MNyhrid toq;fy;. ; Foe;ijfSf;fhd rj;JzT toq;fy;. fUj;juq;F> tpopg;Gzh;T %yk; kf;fSf;F Rfhjhu mwpit tsh;j;jy; . nlq;F xopg;Gj; njhlh;ghd fUj;juq;F eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;sy;.
kUe;J toq;Fk; gpupT fy;Kid. (xspg;glk; 2.5)
2.3.4 kPdt FbapUg;G fy;Kid kPdt khtl;lj;jpy; kPdtu;fspd; FbapUg;ghdJ fiuNahuj;ij mz;bajhfNt fhzg;gLfpwJ. kPdgpbj; njhopw;rhiyfs;> kPdgpb JiwKfq;fs;> ; ; kPdt FLk;gq;fs;> kPdt $l;LwTr; rq;fq;fs;> kPdtu; Xa;tiufs;> kPd; tpw;gid thbfs;> kPdgpb %yg;nghUs;> I]; cw;gj;jpr;rhiyfs; Nghd;wd mtu;fspd; ; FbapUg;gpid ikakhf itj;Nj mikag;ngWfpd;wd. Rdhkp mdu;jjj;jpw;F (2004.12.26) gpd;G 65m f;F cl;gl;l Ma;Tg; gpuNjr kPdt ;
kf;fs; ghjpf;fg;gl;l jq;fsJ ,lq;fis tpl;L gpwpnjhU ,lj;jpw;F FbNaw;wg;gl;ldu;. tsj;jhg;gpl;b> Nkl;Ltl;il> ,];khapy;Guk;> nghypt;Nthupak; fpuhkk;> ,iwtopf; fz;lk;> gpnuQ;rrpb> ,];yhkhthj; Nghd;w gpuNjrq;fSf;F ,lk; ngau;eJ ; ; FbNawpdu;. J}u,lq;fspy; FbNawpa kPdtu;fs; flw;fiuf;F tUtjpy; gy;NtW
27
rpukq;fis vjpu;Nehf;Ffpd;wdu;. 60m f;F Nkw;gl;l ,lj;jpy; thOk; kPdt kf;fs; mNj ,lj;jpy; jq;fsJ FbapUg;Gf;fis mikj;Jf;nfhz;ldu;. ,e;epiyahdJ kPdt FbapUg;gpy; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jpaJ. fy;Kid K];ypk;> fy;Kid jkpo;> rha;ejkUJ Mfpa gpuNjrq;fspy; ; nkhj;jkhf 09 fpuhkq;fspy; kPdtu;fs; FbapUf;fpd;wdu;. 26685 Ngu; fhzg;gLk; kPdtu;fs; 5337 FLk;gq;fshf jw;NghJ tho;fpd;wdu;. Rdhkpapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L kPsFbNaw;wg;gl;l fiuNahu kPdt kf;fspd; thoplq;fs; ; gw;wpa tpguk; njh.,y kPsFbNaw;wj; ; jpl;lq;fs;
,];yhkhghj; tPlikg;Gj; jpl;lk; ,];yhkpf; wpyp/g; tPlikg;Gj; jpl;lk;; gpnuQ;r; rpb tPlikg;Gj; jpl;lk; fy;Kidf;Fb ,iwtopf; fz;lk; tPlikg;Gj; jpl;lk; Nkl;Ltl;il tPlikg;Gj; jpl;lk; ,];khapyGuk; tPlikg;Gj; jpl;lk; ;
(ml;ltiz 2.6)
gug;gsT Vf;fu;
4.5 1.5 8 10 5 8
tPLfspd; vz;zpf;if
174 96 178 456 178 193
01 02 03 04 05 06
(%yk;: fy;Kid> rha;ejkUJ Gs;sp tpgutpay; ifNaL - 2011) ;
2.3.5 njhlu;ghly; ,g;gpuNjj;jpd; jfty; gupkhw;wj;jpy; jghy; NritAk; njhiyj; njhlHGk; Kf;fpa gq;F tfpf;fpwJ. jghy; Nritapy; 02 gpujhd jghy; epiyaq;fs; cl;gl cgjghy; epiyaq;fSk; mikag;ngw;Ws;sd. (SLT) ,g;gpuNjrj;jpd; epWtdk; njhiyj;njhlHGj; Njitia ,jd; ngupJk; fPo; =yq;fh gpd;tUk; nlypnfhk; Nritfs;
epiwNtw;wp
tUfpd;wJ.
toq;fg;gLfpd;wd. 02. CDMA njhiyNgrp trjpfs; 01. njhiyNgrp> ngf;]; 03. ntha;]; nkapy; 04. kpd; mQ;ry; (E Mail) 05. I.b.b. njhiyNgrp 06. T+j; trjp 07. ,izaj;js trjp
28
epWtdq;fspd; cs;sd.
NkYk; Suntel, Mobital, Dialog, Airtel, Atisalat, Hutch, Lanka-Bell Nghd;w jdpahu; njhiyj; njhlHG NritfSk; ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; fpilf;ff;$bajhf
,g;gpuNjrj;jpd; kPdtu;fspd; kj;jpapy; njhiyj;njhlu;G rhjdq;fs; ngUk; nry;thf;F nrYj;JfpwJ. kPdt FLk;gq;fs; ,r;rhjdq;fspy; ngUk;ghYk; ifalf;f njhiyNgrpia gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;. Mo;flYf;F kPdgpbf;fr; nry;Yk; NghJ gy ; ehl;fyj;jpy; (IMUL) rpy kPdtu;fs; ifalf;f njhiyNgrp> nra;kjp njhiyNgrp> Nghd;w njhlu;G rhjdq;fis gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;. ,jd; %yk; kPdtu;fis fiuapy; ,Ue;jgb mtu;fspd; Kjyhspkhu;fSk; cwtpdu;fSk; ,yFthd Kiwapy; njhlu;Gnfhs;s VJthfTs;sd. njhiyf; fhl;rp> thndhyp> gj;jpupif Nghd;w trjpfSk; mtu;fs; kj;jpapy; fhzg;gLtjd; fhuzkhf njhlu;ghlyhdJ mg;gpuNjrj;jpy; tYg;ngw;Ws;sd.
2.4 Ma;Tg; gpuNjr kPdtu;fspd; nghUshjhu epiy kPdt khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s kf;fspd; tUkhdkhdJ gpujhdkhf kPdgpb> ;
tptrhak;> tpahghuk; Nghd;wtw;wpd; %ykhf fpilf;fg; ngWfpd;wJ. ,g;gpuNjrj;jpw;F tUkhdj;ij Kf;fpakhf kPdgpb ; ngw;Wf;nfhLf; fpwJ. kPdt r%fj;jpd; nghUshjhuj;ij jPukhdpg;gjpy; kPdgpb cw;gj;jp> kPdfspd; Vw;Wkjp> re;ij tha;gG> ; ; ; ; I]; cw;gj;jp> Nrkpg;G> Ntiytha;gG> Nghf;Ftuj;J> njhopEl;g trjp> Vida ; Nritj;Jiwfs; ( ePu> kpd;rhuk;> tPjp> tbfhz;) Nghd;wd nry;thf;F nrYj;Jfpd;wd. ; ,it ,g;gpuNjr mgptpUj;jpf;F ngUk; gq;fspg;G nra;tJld; ehl;Lf;F tUkhdj;ijAk; <l;bf;nfhLf;fpwJ.
2.4.1 kPdgpb cw;gj;jp ; ,g;gpuNjrj;jpd; kPdgpbahdJ> fhzg;gLk; kPdgpb fyq;fSf;Nfw;g (728 ; ; fyq;fs;) cw;gj;jp ,y;yhky; cs;sd. Vida gpuNjrq;fSld; xg;gpLifapy; ,g;gpuNjrj;jpd; kPdgpb cw;gj;jp tPorrp epiyiaf; nfhz;L fhzg;gLfpwJ. Mo;fly; ; ; ; kPdgpb ; cw;gj;jpapy; xU ehl;fyk; ,ae;jpuk; nghUj;jg;gl;l Njhzp (MTRB)> fiutiy (NTRB) - (Sea, Laogoon), Vida gad;gLj;jg;gLtNjhL fiuNahu kPd;gpbapy; ntspapid ,ae;jpug; rpwpa ifj;Njhzp (NBSB) vd;gdTk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,tw;wpd; gq;fspg;G kPdgpb ; cw;gj;jpapy; ,d;wpaikahj xd;whf fhzg;gLfpwJ.
(IDAL)>
gy
ehl;fyk;
(IMUL)
glF (OFPP)> vd;gd
29
gpuNjrj;jpd; kPdgpb cw;gj;jpg; Nghf;F (2003 2010) ; gpuNjr nrayf gpupT fy;Kid K];ypk; fy;Kid jkpo; rha;ejkUJ ; nkhj;jk; 2003 MT 2004 MT 2005 MT 2006 MT 2007 MT 2008 MT
1596.04 235.47 1235.35 3066.86
2347.02 681.81 2610.45 5639.28
110.91 100.78 145.45 357.14
479.00 610.00 286.00 1375.00
388.00 111.00 273.00 772.00
1933.00 330.00 1012.00 3275.00
2009 MT
2183.00 2201.00 252.00 256.12
2010 MT
1202.00 1266.39 3637.00 3723.51
(%yk;: kPd;gpb jpizf;fsk; - fy;Kid) ;

(ml;ltiz 2.6)
kPd; cw;gj;jp
6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Mz;L (%yk;: kPd;gpb jpizf;fsk; - fy;Kid) ;
(gltiuG 2.4)
nkw;wpf; njhz;
kPd; cw;gj;jp
kPdt khtl;lj;jpd; kPdgpb cw;gj;jpg; Nghf;F (2006 2010) ; kPdt khtl;lk; fy;Kid kl;lf;fsg;G jpUNfhzkiy nkhj;jk; 2006 MT 2007 MT 2008 MT 2009 MT
479.00 10856.26 6270.00 17605.26
388.00 14062.06 8150.00 22600.06
1933.00
14524.87 17980.00
2083.00
2010 MT
3112.00
14611.22 15015.01 10024.00 939.39
34437.87 26718.22 19066.40
Source: Department of Fisheries & Acquatic Resources & D.F.E.O

(ml;ltiz 2.7)
30
kPdt khtl;lj;jpd; kPd; cw;gj;jp

20000 nkw;wpf; njhd; 15000 10000 5000 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 fy;Kid kl;lf;fsg;G jpUNfhzkiy
Source: Department of Fisheries & Acquatic Resources & D.F.E.O

(gltiuG 2.5)
2.4.2 re;ijg;gLj;jy; ; xU gpuNjrj;jpd; mgptpUj;jp re;ijg;gLj;jy; trjpfspNyNa jq;fpAs;sJ. me;j tifapy; ,g;gpuNjrj;ijg; nghUj;jtiuapy; mur> jdpahH Jiwapd; re;ijg;gLj;jy; trjpfisr; nra;J tUfpd;wdH. murrhH re;ijg;gLj;jy; trjpfisg; nghUj;jtiuapy; kpfTk; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l mstpy; kpfTk; ,Wf;fkhd epiyapiyNa eilngw;W tUfpd;wJ. Mdhy; jdpahH Jiwapdiug; nghWj;jkl;by; re;ijg;gLj;jy; trjpfisg; nghUj;J kpfTk; tpupT gLj;jg;gl;l epiyapy; $basT Kf;f paj;Jtk; tha;ej xU re;ij trjpaf; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; kPdfis re;ijg;gLj;Jjy; kpf Kf;fpakhd xd;whFk;. ; kPdfs; rupahd Kiwapy; Efu;Nthiu nrd;wila re;ijtha;gG ey;y Kiwapy; ; ; mika Ntz;Lk;. Ma;T gpuNjrj;ij nghUj;jtiuf;Fk; gpbf;fg;gLk; kPdfs; ; tpahghupfSf;F nkhj;jkhfTk; rpy;yiwahfTk; tpw;gid nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. kPdtu;fs; kPdfis Voj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; nkhj;j tpahghupfSf;F tpw;gid ; nra;tNjhL rpwpa kPd;fs; epiw mbg;gilapy; tpw;gid nra;ag;gLfpwd. nkhj;j tpahghupfs;> rpy;yiw tpahghupfs;> Efu;Nthu; Nghd;wtu;fs; kPdfis ; re;ijg;gLj;Jjy; tplaj;jpy; gq;fspg;G nra;fpd;wdu;. nkhj;j tpahghupfs; kPdfis ; thbfspy; I]py; ,l;L ngl;bfspy; milj;J nkhj;jkhf Fsp&l;lg;gl;l thfdj;jpy; (Cool Lorry) Vw;Wfpd;wdu;. rpy;yiw tpahghupfs; Fiwe;j kPidfis $Ljyhd gzk; nfhLj;J thq;Fk; epiyapdhy; gpuNjrj;jpy; thOk; eLj;ju kf;fs; kpfTk; f\;lj;jpw;F kj;jpapy; $Ljyhd gzk; nfhLj;J nfhs;tdT nra;fpd;wdu;.
31
2.4.3 tUkhdk; nghUshjhuj;jpy; tUkhdk; kpfTk; gq;fspg;G nra;fpwJ. kPdtu;fspd; nghUshjhuj;jpy; ,t;tUkhdkhdJ Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;ij nghUj;jtiuf;Fk; tPorrpapNyNa ; ; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,t;tUkhd epiy mtu;fspd; r%fepiyia jPukhdpf;fpd;w fhuzpahf fhzg;gLfpwJ. ; kPdgpbahy; tUkhdk; ngWfpd;wtu;fs; ; 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. kPdgpbg;gtu;fs; ; kPdgpb fyq;fspd; cupikahsu;fs; ; kPdtu;fspd; cjtpahsu;fs; (Nfhoah) kPd; tpw;gtu;fs; fUthL ,Lgtu;fs; I]; thbfspy; njhopypy; <LgLgtu;fs; kPdgpb cgfuzq;fis tpw;gid nra;gtu;fs; ; vupnghUs; tpw;gidahsu;fs; czT> rpw;Wz;br;rhiyfs;
,tu;fspd; ehshe;j tUkhdk; jw;NghJ cs;s nryTj; njhiff;F Nghjhikahf fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,j;njhopiy ek;gp thOk; kPdt FLk;gq;fs; fld; Rikf;F ,jdhy; js;sg;gLfpd;wd.
2.4.4 Nrkpg;G Nrkpg;G fpilf;fpd;w tUkhdj;ij mbg;gilahf itj;J Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;w xd;whfTk; nghUshjhuj;ij NgZfpd;w xd;whfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. nryTfs; Nghf kPjpahf ,Uf;fpd;w gzNk Nrkpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; ,tu;fsplj;jpy; Nghjpa tUkhdkpd;ikapdhYk; fld; RikapdhYk; Nrkpg;G kpfTk; FiwthfNt fhzg;gLfpwJ. rpy kPdtu;fSk; NtW tUkhdj;ijf; nfhz;ltu;fSk; XusTf;F Nrkpf;Fk; jd;ikia nfhz;Ls;sdu;. tq;fpfs;> jghy; epiyaq;fs;> rq;fq;fs;> rPlLf;fs; Nghd;wd ,tu;fspd; Nrkpg;gpy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;tNjhL Cf;Ftpg;ghfTk; ; fhzg;gLfpwd. Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;jpy; cs;s tq;fpfs; 1. 2. 3. 4. kf;fs; tq;fp ,yq;if tq;fp Njrpa Nrkpg;G tq;fp `l;ld; ne\dy; tq;fp
32
5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
rk;gj; tq;fp Cth tq;fp mkhdh tq;fp nfhNk\y; tq;fp fpuhkpa tq;fp rKu;jjp tq;fp ; jghy; epiyaq;fs;
1. gpujhd jghy; epiyaq;fs; 2. cg jghy; epiyaq;fs;
rq;fq;fs; 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. rpf;fdf; flDjtpf; $l;LwTr; rq;fq;fs; ifj;njhopy; $l;LwTr; rq;fq;fs; kPdth; $l;LwTr; rq;fq;fs; fpuhk mgptpUj;jp rq;fq;fs; khjH; fpuhkpa mgptpUj;jp rq;fq;fs; khjH rq;fq;fs; KjpNahu; rq;fq;fs; ,isQu; rq;fq;fs;
2.4.5 Ntiytha;gG ; Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;ij nghUj;jtiuf;Fk; kPdgpbapdhy; rpyu; Ntiytha;g;gpid ; ngw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;wdu;. ,J rpyUf;F epue;jukhfTk; rpyUf;F jw;fhypfkhfTk; mikfpd;wJ. Njhzp ,Oj;jy;> tiy ,Oj;jy;> kPdtu;fSf;F cjtpahsuhf ,Uj;jy; Nghd;w Ntiyfis ,il njhopy;fshf rpyu; nra;fpd;w du;. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. kPdgpbj;jy; ; kPd; tpahghuk; nra;jy; I]; cw;gj;jp nra;jy; I]; mbj;jy; tiy gpd;Djy; ,d;[d; jpUj;Jjy; P
33
7. fUthL NghLjy;
8. vupnghUs; tpw;gid nra;jy; 9. kPdgpb cgfuzq;fs; tpw;wy; ; 10. czT> rpw;Wz;b nghUl;fs; tpw;gid nra;jy; Nghd;w njhopy;fis kPdgpb fhyj;jpy; kf;fs; ngw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;wdu;. kPdgpb ; ; my;yhj fhyj;jpy; ,j;njhopy;fspd; nraw;ghL epd;WtpLfpd;wd. rpy kPdtu;fs; mf;fhyj;jpy; tptrhak;> fhy;eil> tpahghuk;> MW my;yJ Fsj;jpy; tPRjy;> ijay;> ifg;gzp> jr;R Ntiy Nghd;wtw;wpy; <LghLfhl;Ltu;.
I]; mbj;jYf;fhf kPid nfhz;L nry;yy;
I]; cw;gj;jp nra;jy;
tiy gpd;Djy; (xspg;glk; 2.6)
kPd; tpw;gid nra;Ak; tpahghupfs;
2.4.6 Nghf;Ftuj;J nghUshjhu tpUj;jpapy; Nghf;Ftuj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; czu;jjg;gLfpwJ. ; mUtil nra;ag;gLk; kPdfis tpw;gid nra;aTk; Vw;Wkjp nra;aTk; Nghf;Ftuj;J ; Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;ij nghUj;j tiuf;Fk; mtrpakhFk;. kPdfis Vw;Wtjw;F $y; ; thfdk; (Cool Lorry)> Ntd;> Nkhl;lhu; itf;fpy; Nghd;wd gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. I];> vupnghUs; (Bry;> ngw;Nwhy;)> tiyfs;> Njhzpfs;> fyk; (Boat)
Nghd;wtw;iw nfhz;L tUtjw;Fk; nfhz;L Nghtjw;Fk; Nghf;Ftuj;J thfdq;fs; kpf Kf;fpakhFk;.
34
fy;Kidg; gpuNjrj;jpd; Nghf;Ftuj;Jr; rhjdq;fs; fy;Kid K];ypk; fy;Kid jkpo; rha;ejk ; UJ -
tpguk;
Motor Cycle/ Cycle Land Vehicle Motor Car Lorry Private Coach Omni Bus Dual purpose Vehicle Government Vehicle Two Wheel Tracter Four Wheel Tracter Auto Tipper Cart Privat Buss Totel
5390
230 356 183 632 49 44 64
210
2203 108 63 51 71 2 4 5
3691 209 152 193 154 348 20 20
272 372
7158
3151
4787
(%yk;: fy;Kid> rha;e;jkUJ Gs;sp tpgutpay; ifNaL - 2011) (ml;ltiz 2.8)
2.4.7 JiwKf trjp Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;ij nghUj;jtiuf;Fk; JiwKfkhdJ mtrpakhd xd;whfTs;sJ. Mdhy; ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; 728 fyq;fs; kPdgpbf;F gad;gLj;jg;gl;Lk; ; vJtpj JiwKf trjpAk; nra;J nfhLf;fg;gltpy;iy. ,g;gpuNjrj;jpd; kPdgpb ; gUtfhyj;ijf; nfhz;L Nkw;nfhs;tjdhy; fly; nfhe;jspg;Gf; fhyq;fspy; (xf;Nlhgu; my;yJ etk;gu; - [dtup) mjid Nkw;nfhs;s Kbahj epiy Vw;gLfpd;wJ. ,jdhy; kPdtu;fs; kPdgpb fyq;fis fiuf;F ,Of;f Ntz;ba ; epu;ge;jk; Vw;gLtjdhy; rpyu; fyq;fis fiuf;F nkrpd> Nthl; ,Of;Fk; ; FOf;fisf; nfhz;L ,Of;fpd;wdu;. ,jdhy; fyq;fs; miyfspy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L mjd; rpy gFjpfs; ciltJld; jiuAld; cuha;T nfhz;L fyj;jpd; mbg;gFjpapy; Nja;T Vw;gl;L Jthuk; cz;lhfpwJ. ,jid rPujpUj;j tUlhtUlk; mtu;fSf;F ; nryT Vw;gLfpwJ.
35
rha;ejkUJ gpuNjrj;jpy; 13 tUlq;fSf;F Kjy; kPdgpb ,wq;FJiw ; ; mikf;fg;gl gy Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; ,lk; ngw;wd. rpy murpay;> nghUshjhu fhuzpfspdhy; mt;Ntiyj; jpl;lq;fs; ,ilepWj;jg;gl;ld. rpy kPdtu;fs; kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s thior;Nrid JiwKfj;Jf;F jkJ fyq;fis nfhz;L nry;tjdhy; Nghf;Ftuj;J> czT Nghd;wtw;Wf;F mjpf nryTfs; Vw;gLtJld; mtu;fspd; fyq;fSf;Fk; mtw;wpYs;s nghUl;fSf;Fk; ghJfhg;gpd;ikAk; mq;F fhzg;gLfpwJ. jw;NghJ xOtpy; JiwKfj;jpy; kPdtu;fspd;; fyq;fis jw;fhypfkhf epWj;jp itf;f ,lk; nfhLf;fg;gLfpwJ.
rha;ejkUJ gpuNjrj;jpy; kPdgpb ,wq;FJiw Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fspd; xU gFjp ; ; (xspg;glk; 2.7)
2.4.8 njhopEl;g trjp ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; kPdgpbapy; njhopEl;gj;ij gad;gLj;Jk; jd;ik kpfTk; ; FiwthFk;. gz;ila El;gKiwfs; mjpfsT ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; fhzg;gLtjhy; kPd; cw;gj;jp Fiwthf fhzg;gLfpwJ. Gjpa njhopEl;g Kiwfis mwpKfk; nra;J NghjpasT gapw;rpfisAk; kPdtu;fSf;F toq;Ftjd; %yk; kPd; cw;gj;jpia $l;lKbAk;. ,jdhy; kPdtu;fs; njhopEl;g uPjpahf kPdfis gpbj;Jf; nfhs;s ; tha;gGfs; mjpfupf;Fk;. ;
IMUL IDAL OFPP
gpuNjrj;jpy; ghtidapy; cs;s kPdgpb cgfuzq;fs; ; gy ehl;fyk;; xU ehl;fyk; ntspapid ,ae;jpug; glF ,ae;jpuk; nghUj;jg;gl;l Njhzp
36
MTRB
NTRB NBSB
fiutiy: (1. Sea 2. Laogoon) Vida rpwpa ifj;Njhzp
2.4.9 Vida Nritj;Jiwfs; ,r;Nritj; Jiwfspy; tPjpfs;> tbfhz;fs;> kpd;rhu trjpfs;> FbePu; trjpfs; Nghd;w cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; mlq;Fk;. Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;jpd; mgptpUj;jpapy; ,tw;wpd; gq;fspg;G kpf Kf;fpakhditfshFk;.
tPjpfs; xU gpuNjrj;jpy; Nghf;Ftuj;J mgptpUj;jpapy; tPjpfs; Kf;fpa gq;F tfpf;fpwJ. tPjpfs; rpwe;j Kiwapy; ,Ue;jhNy me;jg; gFjpapy; rpwe;j Nghf;F tuj;J trjpfis jiyg;Gf;fspy; ml;ltizg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,q;F A tif tPjpfs;> tPjp toq;f KbAk;. ,jd; gpufhuk; Ma;T gpuNjrj;jpy; fhzg;gLk;. tPjpfis A,B,C,D vDk; mjpfhurigf;Fr; nrhe;jkhf gpujhd tPjpfisAk; B ju tPjpfs; cs;SUf;Fr; nry;Yk; tPjp mgptpupj;jpj; jpidf;fsj;jpw;Fr; nrhe;jkhd tPjpfisAk;> C ju tPjpfs; fpwty; tPjpfisAk;> D ju tPjpfs; kzy; tPjpfisAk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. ,e;j tifapy; Ma;T gpuNjr tPjpfs; gw;wpa tpguk; gpd;tUk; ml;ltizapy; jug;gLfpd;wJ. mgptpUj;jp
tPjpapd; tiffs;
gpuNjr nrayf gpupT fy;Kid K];ypk; fy;Kid jkpo; rha;ejkUJ ; nkhj;jk;
01 02
01
45
11
197
101
31
162 111 170

8
ePsk; (Km) 139.4
73.2 47.5
04
14
132
260.1
%yk;:- fy;Kid khefu rigapd; ehd;F tUl mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lk; (2010 - 2014) (ml;ltiz 2.9)
37
tPjp tpguq;fs;
A tif B tif
D tif
C tif
%yk;:- fy;Kid khefu rigapd; ehd;F tUl mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lk; (2010 - 2014)
(gltiuG 2.6)
Ma;T gpuNjrj;ijg; nghWj;jtiu rdj;njhif mlHj;jp $ba xU gpuNjrkhFk;. ,jdhy; FbapUg;Gf;fis mikf;Fk; nghOJ efurig rl;ltiuaiuf;F Kuzhdjhf mikf;fg;gl;bg;gjhy; tPjpf;Fupa xJf;Fg;gpuNjrq;fs; tPLfl;Lk; Ntiyf;fhfg; gad;glj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. rpy tPjpfs; kpfTk; FWfpajhfTk; Nghf;Ftuj;J nra;tjw;F kpfTk; f\;lkhfTk; cs;sJ. NkYk; nghUj;jkhd tbfhz; mikg;G ,y;yhkYk; fhzg;gLtjdhy; kio fhyq;fspy; ePH Njq;fp Nghf;Ftuj;J nra;aKbahky; cs;sJ. vdNt nghUj;jkhd tbfhz; mikg;Gj;jpl;lj;ij mikj;jjd; gpd;G tPjpapid mgptpUj;jp nra;jhy; ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy;; Nghf;Ftuj;Jg; gpur;rpidfs; vOtjw;F tha;ggpy;iy. ;
j jw;NghJ flw;fiu jhu; tPjpia rPunra;Ak; ; Ntiyg;gFjp (xspg;glk; 2.8)
kPdt FbapUg;G gFjpapy; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;s nfhz;fpwPl; tPjp
38
tbfhz;fs; Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;jpd; jho;thd epyg;gFjp nrwpthd kiof;fhyj;jpy; nts;sj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLtij fhzKbAk;. FbapUg;ghdJ neUf;fkhf ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; fhzg;gLtNj fhuzkhFk;. tbfhz; mikg;G rpy tPjpfspy; mikf;fg;glhkypUg;gJk; rpy tPjpfs; neUf;fkhf ,Ug;gJk; nts;sj;jpdhy; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;ig mjpfupf;fr; nra;fpd;wd. ,jdhy; jw;NghJ kf;fs; ghjpf;fg;gLk; ngUk;ghyhd tPjpfspy; tbfhz;fs; mikf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.
Gjpjhf mikf;fg;gl;l tbfhz; (xspg;glk; 2.9)
FbePu; trjp ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; thOk; kf;fs; Kd;du;; rfytpj ePhg;ghtidf;Fkhf jdpg;gl;l ; tPlLf; fpzWfisNa Kw;wpYk; ghtpj;J te;jdH. Mdhy; gy;fpg; ngUfptUk; rdj; ; njhifg; ngUf;fj;jpd; tpisthf Vw;gl;Ls;s nrwpTkpf;f FbapUg;Gf;fspd; kyry$l eltbf;iffs; fhuzkhf fpzw;W ePu; mRj;jkilAk; mghaepiy mz;kpj;Jtpl;ljhYk; fle;j Rdhkp mdu;jjj;jpd; tpisthf Mapuf;fzf;fhd ; fiuNahug; gpuNjrf; fpzWfs; ctu; jd;ikaile;Js;sjhYk; njhlu;eJk; ; fpzw;WePiu ek;gpapUf;f Kbahj epiy Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. ,g;gpuNjrj;jpd; ngUk;ghyhd gpuNjrq;fspy; mjhtJ fy;Kidf;Fb> ,];yhkhghj;> fy;Kid efu;ggFjp> ; ghd;bUg;G Mfpa gpuNjrq;fspy; fle;j gy tUlq;fSf;F Kd;du; Foha;eH trjpfs; P Vw;gLj;jg;gl;bUe;jgbahy; mg;gpuNjrq;fspy; FbePuffhd gpur;rpid ngupastpy; ; ; ,y;iy. ,Ue;Jk; ew;gpl;bKid fpuhkj;jpy; FbePh trjpfs; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;bUe;j NghjYk; gq;Fdpapy; ,Ue;J fhHj;jpif tiuapyhd fhyg;gFjpfspy; ,j;jpl;lj;jpd;
39
%yk; NghjpasT ePiu ,g;gpuNjr njhlHe;J fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
kf;fhshy;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;s
Kbahj
epiy
jw;NghJ rha;ejkUJ> fy;Kidf;Fb> kUjKid Nghd;w gpuNjrq;fspy; thOk; ; kf;fs; FbePu; ngWtjw;fhf kpFe;j rpukq;fis mDgtpf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ. Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;du; ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; cs;s fpzw;W ePiu FbePujNjitf;F ghtpf;f Kbahj epiy ; ; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf jq;fspd; md;whlj; Njitia epiwNtw;Wtjpy; my;yYWk; kf;fspd; Njitia epiwNtw;Wtjw;F mur rhHgw;w gy epWtdq;fs; (Canada Govt, WHO, WORLD VISION, SEORD, CARE ) Kd;te;J fpzWfis ghtidf;F cjTk; tifapy; Rj;jg;gLj;jpdhYk; $l ,Jtiu mf;fpzw;W ePiu kf;fs; Fb ePh; jtpHe;j Vida ghtizf;fhfNt gad;gLj;jp tUfpd;wdH. ,e;epiyapy; fy;Kid khefu rig gTrH %yk; ePH tpepNahfk; nra;J kf;fspd; Fb ePH Njitia XusT G+Hj;jp nra;fpd;wJ. jw;NghJ Foha;eH trjpfs; gpuptpd; ngUk;ghyhd gpuNjrq;fspy; P Jupjkhf Vw;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. ,Jtiu ,g;gpuptpy; fzprkhd FLk;gq;fs; Foha;eH trjpiag; ngWk; epiy Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. P
kpd;rhu trjp xU Fwpg;gpl;l gpuNjrj;jpd; mgptpUj;jp mg;gpuNjrj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; gy;NtW Jiwfspd; tsh;rrpapy; Kf;fpak; ngWfpwJ. ,e;j tifapy; Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;jpy; cs;s ; kpd;rhuk;> tPjp mgptpUj;jp> Nghf;Ftuj;Jr; rhjdq;fs;> jghy; je;jp Nritfs;> Rfhjhuk;> fy;tp vd;gtw;wpd; gq;fspg;G fUj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,d;iwa etPd cyfpy; kpd;rhuk; Kf;fpak; ngWfpwJ. nghUshjhu eltbf;iffs; kl;Lkd;wp tPlLj; ; Njitfs; $l kpd;rhuk; ,y;iynadpd; ];jk;gpj epiy mile;JtpLk;. me;jsT kpd;rhuk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngw;Ws;sJ. ,q;F kpd;rhu trjpiag; ngWk; nghOJ jdp epiyr;Rw;W %d;W epiyr;Rw;W vd;w mbg;gilapy; tpdpNahfpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. %d;W epiyr;Rw;Wg; ngWk; nghOJ ngUk;ghYk; ifj;njhopy; Kaw;rpfSf;F toq;fg;gLk; kpd;rhuj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk;. ,jd;gb gpuNjrj;jpy; toq;fg;gLk; ; kpd;rhu tPlLj;Njit> th;j;jf Nehf;fk;> ifj;njhopy; Kaw;rp vd;w mbg;gil ; ghh;ffg;gl;lhYk;> kpd;rhuk; ngWk; tPLfs; 90% fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ; 2010 ,y; rha;e;jkUJ gpuNjrj;jpy;; kpd;rhuk; ngWk; tPLfs; 6239 MfTk;> mNj Ntis kpd;rhuk; nghwhj tPLfs; 307 MfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. fy;Kid K];ypk; gpuNjrj;jpy; kpd;rhuk; ngWk; tPLfs; 9700 MfTk;> mNj Ntis kpd;rhuk; nghwhj tPLfs; 1089 MfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. fy;Kid jkpo; gpuNjrj;jpy; kpd;rhuk; ngWk; tPLfs; 8362 MfTk;> mNj Ntis kpd;rhuk; nghwhj tPLfs; 929 MfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. kpd; ghtidahdJ mq;F ,aq;Fk; kpd;rhu rigapdhy; epUtfpj;J
40
fz;fhzpf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. mq;Fs;s tPLfs;> mYtyfq;fs;> njhopw;rhiyfs; Nghd;w gy;NtW Jiwf;Fkhd kpd;rhuk; ,q;fpdpahfy kpd;rhu epiyaj;jpd; %yk; toq;fg;gLfpwJ. ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; 90 tPjkhNdhh; kpd;ghtidahsh;fshf cs;sdh;. ,Ug;gpDk; 10 tPjkhdth;fs; kpd; ghtid ngwhjth;fshf cs;sdh;. ,jw;Ff; fhuzk; kpd; fk;gq;fs; rpy tPjpfSf;F epWtg;glhky; ,Uj;jy; kw;Wk; rpyh; kpd; ghtid ngw trjpaw;wth;fshf ,Uj;jyhFk;. MdhYk; kpd;rhu rigahdJ jdJ Nritia toq;fp tUfpd;wJ.
41

2.0 Ma TG Gpunjrj JPD NGSJPF, R%F KW WK Nghushjhu GPD DDP

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2.0 Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;jpd; ngsjPf, r%f kw;Wk; nghUshjhu gpd;ddp nfhz;LtUk; mj;jpahakhf ,J mike;Js;sJ.

gpuNjr vy;iyfs; tlf;F fpof;F njw;F Nkw;F : : : :

2.1.2 Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;jpd; tuyhw;W uPjpahd ghu;it

,Ue;J 10m cauj;jpw;F cw;gl;ljhfTk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,q;F fhzg;gLk; vy;yh

,g;gpuNjrj;jpd; ruhrup tUlhe;j ntg;gepiy 25C

27C MFk;. vdpDk;

fy;Kid kPdt khtl;lj;jpd; khjhe;j ntg;gepiyg; Nghf;F ( 2006 2010 )

2009 25 27.5 29 28.5 32 30.5 32 32 33 26 27.5 25.2 25.3

%yk;:- thdpiy mtjhd epiyak; - nghj;Jtpy; (2010)

Mz;L ruhrup ntg;gepiy ( C ) - fy;Kid (2001 - 2010)

%yk;:- thdpiy mtjhd epiyak; - nghj;Jtpy; (2010)

%yk;:- thdpiy mtjhd epiyak; - nghj;Jtpy; (2010)

Mz;L ruhrup kio tPo;r;rp (ml ) - fy;Kid (2001 - 2010)

Ma;Tg; gpuNjr kz; tsq;fs; FWf;F ntl;LKfk;

01. 02. 03. 04. 05.

Kfj;Jthuj;jpd; xU gFjp xspg;glk; (2.1)

Kfj;Jthuf; fsg;G flYld; NrUjy;

fsg;gpy; tPrR tiy nfhz;L tPRjy; ; (xspg;glk; 2.2)

fy;Kidg; gpuNjrj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; rpwpa Kidg;gFjp

kUjKidapy; fiutiy (fy;Kidapd; Kidg;gFjpapy;) (xspg;glk; 2.3)

gpuNjr nrayf gpupT fy;Kid K];ypk; fy;Kid jkpo; rha;ejkUJ ; nkhj;jk;

fpuhk Nrtfu; gpupT 30 29 17 76

gpuNjr Sq. Km 66.90 68.67 09.00 144.57

nkhj;j rdj;njhif 48228 35648 27982 111858

FLk;g vz;zpf;if 12570 9291 7643 29504

rdj;njhif Per Sq. Km 730 438 2777 3945

fy;Kid K];ypk; fy;Kid jkpo; rha;ejkUJ ; nkhj;jk;

2200 1087 2050 5337

11000 5435 10250 26685

1150 2250 1956 5356

453 500 856 1809

1603 2750 2812 7165

(%yk;: fy;Kid> rha;ejkUJ Gs;sp tpgutpay; ifNaL - 2011) ;

(%yk;: fy;Kid> rha;ejkUJ Gs;sp tpgutpay; ifNaL - 2011) ; (gltiuG 2.3)

gpuNjr nrayf gpupT

Mrpupau;fs; 720 433 336 1446

(%yk;: fy;Kid Nfhl;lf; fy;tp mYyfk; - 2011)

14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0

11606 7362 6774

720 fy;Kid K];ypk;

433 fy;Kid jkpo; Mrpupau;fs

(%yk;: fy;Kid Nfhl;lf; fy;tp mYyfk; - 2011)

kPdgpb gpuNjrj;jpy; mike;j ghlrhiyfspy; xd;W ; (xspg;glk; 2.4)

,isQu; Nrit kd;wk;

kUe;J toq;Fk; gpupT fy;Kid. (xspg;glk; 2.5)

(%yk;: fy;Kid> rha;ejkUJ Gs;sp tpgutpay; ifNaL - 2011) ;

glF (OFPP)> vd;gd

1596.04 235.47 1235.35 3066.86

2347.02 681.81 2610.45 5639.28

110.91 100.78 145.45 357.14

479.00 610.00 286.00 1375.00

388.00 111.00 273.00 772.00

1933.00 330.00 1012.00 3275.00

2183.00 2201.00 252.00 256.12

1202.00 1266.39 3637.00 3723.51

(%yk;: kPd;gpb jpizf;fsk; - fy;Kid) ;

479.00 10856.26 6270.00 17605.26

388.00 14062.06 8150.00 22600.06