Chuyn phng trnh, bt phng trnh m v

logarit

Dng c bn:
I.
Kin thc cn nh:
1. Dng a f ( x) = bg( x) ( 1 a, b > 0)
a. Nu a=b th f(x)=g(x).
b. Nu ab th logarit ho c s a hoc b 2 v.
2. Dng loga f (x) = logb g(x) ( 1 a, b > 0) .
a. Nu a=b th f(x)=g(x)>0.
b. Nu ab v (a-1)(b-1)<1 th tm nghim duy nht v chng minh.
c. Nu ab v (a-1)(b-1)>1 th m ho 2 v.

II.

Cc bi tp p dng:

99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.

2x.3x1.5x2 = 12
log2 log2 x = log3 log3 x
log2 log3 log4 x = log4 log3 log2 x
log2 log3 x + log3 log2 x = log3 log3 x
log2 logx 3 log3 logx 2

106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.

xlog2(4x) 8x2
2 2
xlg x 3lgx4,5 = 102lgx
xlogx+1( x1) + (x 1)logx+1 x 2
5lgx = 50 xlg5
2
6log6 x + xlog6 x 12
2log5( x+3) = x
2
3log3 x + xlog3 x = 162
x
x+ 2

= 36.32 x
1
1
>
112.
2
x+2
3 x +5x6 3
1
1
113. x+1

3 1 1 3x
114.

1
2x1

1
3x+1

115. 1 < 5 x x < 25

116.
117.
118.
119.

5 2

( 0,08)

2

log2 x + log2x 8 4
5
log5x + log52 x = 1
x
log5 5x2 . log2x 5 = 1

logx 0,5 ( 2x1)

logx 0,5 x

( )

logx 5x = logx 5
121. logsinx 4. logsin2 x 2 = 4
122. logcosx 4. logcos2 x 2 = 1
120.

123.

log2( x+1) 4(x + 1) + 2logx+1 (x + 1) = 5

2

124. log3 x log3 x 3 < 0

)]

125. log1/ 3 log4 x2 5 > 0

126. log1/ 3 x + 5 / 2 logx 3
127. logx 2. log2x 2. log2 4x > 1
128. log3

x2 4x + 3
x2 + x 5

x 1
>0
x
+
2

3
1
130. logx 2. logx/16 2 >
log2 x 6
131. logx2 2x 1

129. logx+6 log2

132. logx log9 3x 9 1

3x + 2
>1
x+ 2
134. log3x x2 ( 3 x) > 1
133. logx

(
136. log [ log ( 9

)
6) ] = 1

135. logx 5x2 8x + 3 > 2

x

137. 3logx 16 4log16 x = 2log2 x

138. logx2 16+ log2x 64= 3
139.

1
log1/ 3 2x2 3x + 1

>

1
log1/ 3( x + 1)

1+ log2a x
>1
140.
1+ loga x

( 0 < a 1)

loga 35 x3
> 3 vi 0 < a 1
141.
loga ( 5 x)
2sinx2cosx+1

142. 2

1

10

cosxsinxlg7

+ 52sinx2cosx+1 = 0

log5 x2 4x 11 log11 x2 4x 11
143.
0
2 5x 3x2
144. 2log2+ 3 x2 + 1 + x + log2 3 x2 + 1 x = 3
145. log2 x + log3 x + log5 x = log2 x log3 x log5 x
2
146. log1/ 5(x 5) + 3log5 5 (x 5) + 6log1/ 25(x 5) + 2 0

2
147. Vi gi tr no ca m th bt phng trnh log1/ 2 x 2x + m > 3 c
nghim v mi nghim ca n u khng thuc min xc nh ca hm

s y = logx x3 + 1 logx+1 x 2
148. Gii v bin lun theo m: logx 100

( x 1) lg2 + lg(2x+1 + 1) < lg(7.2x + 12)

149.
logx ( x + 2) > 2

1
logm 100> 0
2

x 1
+
2
2
150. Tm tp xc nh ca hm s y =
x 5
loga
+
2
2

III.

( 0 < a 1)

Cc bi tp t lm:

151.

log32 x 4log3 x + 9 2log3 x 3

152.

log12/ 2 x + 4log2 x < 2 4 log16 x4

x2 + 3 x2 1 + 2log2 x 0
154. logcosx sinx logsin2x cosx
153. log2

Dng bc hai:
I.

Kin thc cn nh:

1. Dng a1.a2 f ( x) + a2.a f ( x) + a3 = 0 ( a1 0, 1 a > 0) a v phng trnh bc

hai nh php t n ph t = a f (x) >0.

2. Dng a1.(loga f (x))2 + a2 loga f (x) + a3 = 0 ( a1 0, 1 a > 0) a v phng

trnh bc hai nh php t n ph t = loga f (x) .
3. Vi bt phng trnh m v logarit cng c php t tng ng, lu khi
gp phng trnh hay bt phng trnh logarit m cha phi dng c
bn th cn t iu kin.

II.

Cc bi tp p dng:

155. 5 x 51 x + 4 = 0
156. 3x + 9.3 x 10< 0
x1

1
1
157. > 2log4 8
4
16
2/ x
2+1/ x
1
1
158. + 9.
> 12
3
3
3x+3
x

2
x

159.

8 2
+ 12= 0
2
x
160. 5 + 5 < 5 x+1 + 5

5
16
x
x
162. 5 + 24 + 5 24 = 10
161. 22x + 22x + 2x + 2 x = 20

(
) (
)
163. ( 3 + 5) + 16( 3 5)
164. ( 7 + 4 3) 3( 2 3)
x

(
166. (
165.

= 2x+3

+ 2= 0

) ( 7+ 4 3) 14
3) + ( 2 + 3) = 4
x

7 4 3 +
x

tanx

tanx

167. 5 + 2 6
+ 5 2 6
168. 41/ x + 61/ x = 91/ x
169. 6.9x 13.6x + 6.4x = 10
170. 5.4x + 2.25x 7.10x 0
171.

= 10

x
3

4 15 + 4 + 15 8
2

172. 92x x +1 34.152x x + 252x x +1 0

3sin2x 2sinx
= log7 x2 2
sin2x cosx
174. logx+3 3 1 2x + x2 = 1/ 2
175. logx2 ( 2 + x) + log 2+ x x = 2
173. log7 x2

176. log2 ( 3x 1) +

1
log( x+3) 2

= 2 + log2 ( x + 1)

x
x+1
177. log2 4 + 4 = x log1 2 3

x+1

178. log3 9 4.3 2 = 3x + 1

179. 1+ log2 ( x 1) = logx1 4
x

(
) (
181. log ( 2 1) log ( 2
182. ( 5 + 2) ( 5 2)

180. log2 4x+1 + 4 . log2 4x + 1 = log1/

x

x+1

1/ 2

x1

1
8

2 > 2

x1
x+1

21 x 2x + 1
183.
0
2x 1

x
x

184. log3 sin sinx + log1 sin + cos2x = 0

2
2

2
185. log27 x 5x + 6 =

1
x 1
2
log 3
+ log9 ( x 3)
2
2

186. Tm m tng bnh phng cc nghim ca phng trnh

2log4 2x2 x + 2m 4m2 + log1 x2 + mx 2m2 = 0

2

ln hn 1.

187. Tm cc gi tr ca m phng trnh sau c nghim duy nht:

log 5+2 x2 + mx+ m+ 1 + log 52 x = 0.
188. Tm m phng trnh
2log4 2x2 x + 2m 4m2 + log1/ 2 x2 + mx 2m2 = 0 c 2 nghim u v v tho
mn u2+v2>1

III.

Cc bi tp t lm:

2
x

91. Tm m mi nghim ca bt phng trnh 1 + 3 1

2

1
+1
x

l nghim ca bt phng trnh (m-2) x -3(m-6)x-(m+1)<0. (*)

(
) + (3 5)
93. ( 3 + 2 2) = ( 2 1) + 3
92. 3 + 5

2x x2
x

2x x2

21+2x x 0

2.3x 2x+2
94.
1
3x 2x
2
2
2
95. 6.92x x 13.62x x + 6.42x x 0

> 12 cng

2
96. log2 x + 2 . log( 2 x) 2 2 0
2

97. 4log2 2x xlog2 6 = 2.3log2 4x

98. log3x+7 9 + 12x + 4x2 + log2x+3 6x2 + 23x + 21 = 4

I.

S dng tnh n iu:

Kin thc cn nh:

1. Hm s y = ax ng bin khi a>1 v nghch bin khi 0<a<1.
2. Hm s y = loga x ng bin khi a>1 v nghch bin khi 0<a<1.
3. Hm s f(x) n iu trn D v u, v thuc D th f(u)=f(v) tng
ng u=v.
4. Nu hm s f(x) lin tc v n iu trn (a, b) th phng
trnh f(x)=0 c ti a 1 nghim trn .

II.

Cc bi tp p dng:
x

189.

15 + 1 = 4x

190.

x
2

2 = 3 +1
191. 9x = 5x + 4x + 2 20x
192. 22x1 + 32x + 52x+1 = 2x + 3x+1 + 5x+2
x
1/ x
5 2
193. + = 2,9 (*)
2 5
194. 1+ 2x+1 + 3x+1 < 6x
195. 3log3 1+ x + 3 x = 2log2 x
2x + 1
2
196. 2x 6x + 2 = log2
(x 1)2

1 x2

12x

x 2
2x
2
x
198. x 3 2 x + 2 1 2x = 0
199. 25.2x 10x + 5x > 25
200. 12.3x + 3.15x 5x+1 = 20
197. 2

x2

x2

201. log2x+2log7x=2+log2x.log7x
202. 2log3 cotx = log2 cosx
203. logx ( x + 1) = lg1,5

log2 1+ 3sinx = log3(3cosy)

204.
log2 1+ 3cosy = log3(3sinx)

(
(

)
)

(
(

)
)

log2 1+ 3 1 x2 = log3 1 y2 + 2
205.
log2 1+ 3 1 y2 = log3 1 x2 + 2

206. lg x2 + x 6 + x2 + x 3 = lg( x + 3) + 3x
207. Chng minh rng nghim ca phng trnh 2log6

x
16
.
< sin
16
x

x + 4 x = log4 x tho

mn bt ng thc cos

208. Tm x sao cho bt phng trnh sau y c nghim ng vi mi a:

logx a2 4a + x + 1 > 0

III.

Cc bi tp t lm:

107.
108.
109.
110.
111.

x + lg x2 x 6 = 4 + lg(x + 2)
log2 x + log3(x + 1) = log4 (x + 2) + log5(x + 3)
6 3x+1
10
Tm nghim dng ca bt phng trnh
(*)
>
x
2x 1
logx ( 6x + 4y) = 2

logy ( 6y + 4x) = 2
log2

x2 + 3 x2 1 + 2log2 x 0

Dng tng hp:

I.
II.

Mt vi lu :
Cc bi tp p dng:

209. ( x + 2) log32 (x + 1) + 4(x + 1) log3(x + 1) 16= 0

210. 3.25x2 + (3x 10)5x2 + 3 x = 0
211. Tm a phng trnh sau c 4 nghim phn bit

2log32 x log3 x + a = 0

212. ( x + 1) log12/ 2 x + ( 2x + 5) log1/ 2 x + 6 0

213. x4 8ex1 > x x2ex1 8

214. 4x2 + 3 x.x + 31+

< 2.3 x.x2 + 2x + 6

2
2
215. ln( 2x 3) + ln 4 x = ln( 2x 3) + ln(4 x )

216. 2 +

III.

2
x2 7x + 12 1
x

Cc bi tp t lm:

14x 2x2 24+ 2 logx

2
x

Trong cc nghim (x, y) ca bt phng trnh logx2+ y2 ( x + y) 1 hy tm

nghim c tng x+2y ln nht

2 5x 3x2 + 2x > 2x.3x 2 5x 3x2 + 4x2.3x

Tm t bt phng trnh sau nghim ng vi mi x:

t+1 2

log2
x + 3 > 1
t + 2

2
log
x
+ 2 a > 0.
1
Tm a bt phng trnh sau tho mn vi mi x:
+1
a

Tm a bt phng trnh sau nghim ng vi mi x:

x2. log2 a2 + 2x + loga 2

<1
2x 3 x2