DRUG NOMENCLATURE SUFFIXES AND PREFIXES

If it contains -OLOL It is probably Beta Blockers (Adrenergic Antagonists) (decreases excitability of heart, workload, and O2 consution.) Examples Atenolol, Propanolol, Metoprolol, Carvdilol, Sodalol

Benazepril, Captopril, Moexipril, Quinapril, Lisinopril

-PRIL

ACE Inhibitors (Antihypertensives)

Comments DO NOT D/C ABRUPTLY, Dont give with asthma USE: Heart Conditions (A-fib, Tachy, HTN) SE: Gastric pain, Brady/Tachy, Dysrhythmias, Acute HF, Depression, Dizziness NO POTASSIUM USE: HTN, CHF SE: Tachy, MI, Gastric Irritation, Proteinuria Orthostatic Hypotension, Cough

-SARTAN -DIPINE

Angiotensin-II Receptor Antagonists Calcium Channel Blockers

Candesartan, Losartan, Telmisartan, Valsartan Amlodipine, Felodipine, Isradipine, Nifedipine

USE: HTN, HF, MI, Diabetic nephropathy SE: Angioedema, Renal Failure, Othro HoTN USE: Angina, HTN, Dysrhythmias SE: Dizziness, Headache, Nervousness,
Edema, angina, Brady, AV block

NITR-

Nitrate (Vasodilator); Antianginal

Nitroglycerine (Nitro-Dur, Nitrostat, Nitrogaurd)

SE: HoTN, Tachycardia, Headache, Dizziness,

Syncope, Rash Angina Management Education

-ASE

Thrombolytics (Clot-Busters)

Reteplase (Retavase), Ateplase (Activase), t-PA, Anistreplase (Eminase) Streptokinase

USE: MI, DVT, PE SE: Bleeding, Bradycardia DO NOT USE: >75, on anticoagulants, trauma
w/in 2 months

-VASTATIN

Antilipemics (Anti-Cholesterol)

Atorvastatin, Lovastatin, Simvastatin

SE: Myopathy, Increase Liver Enzymes USE: Decrease LDL, Causes Peripheral
Vasodilation. Grapefruit May Increase Effects

-STATIN

HmG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor (antilipemics)

Simvastatin, Lovastatin, Lipitor

SE: Myopathy, Increase Liver Enzymes

ANTIBIOTICS

**FIRST SIGN OF ALLERGIC RXN: Shortness of Breathe

CEF-

Cephalosporins (Antibiotics)

Cefadroxil, Cefaclor, Cefixime, Ceftibuten **can cause false positive of protein and glucose in urine** Cephalexin, Cephapirin, Cephradine Penicillin Methicillin, Ampicillin

Cross allergies with Penicillins Take with empty stomach

SE: Nausea, Diarrhea, Dizziness, Abdominal

Pain, Superinfection, Rash, Anaphylaxis Cross allergies with Penicillins

CEPH-CILLIN

Cephalosporins (Antibiotics) Penicillins (Antibiotics)

SE: N&V, Skin rashes, Diarrhea, Allergic Rxn,

Renal Hepatic Abnormalities Safest Antibiotic available Penicillin+Aminoglycosides= Inactive Check if allergic to Cephalosporins

-CYCLINE -FLOXACIN

Tetracyclines (Antibiotics) Fluoroquinolones (Antibiotics)

Demeclocycline, Doxycycline, Minocycline Ciprofloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Levofloxacin

SE: Photosensitivity, GI upset, Dental

discoloration, Renal Hepatic Abnormalities

SE: Seizures, GI Upset, Rash Increases BUN, AST, ALT, Cr, Akaline
Phosphatase. Decreases WBC, Hct DRINK FLUIDS

-MICIN

Aminoglycosides (Antibiotics)

Gentamicin (Garamycin) **Tx infections of CNS, GI, Bone, E-coli

SE: Ototoxicity!! Nephrotoxicity, Anorexia,

N&V, Diarrrhea Do NOT mix with Penicillins N&V, Diarrrhea

-MYCIN

Aminoglycosides/Macrolides (Antibiotics); Bacteriostatic Inhibitor

Erythromycin, Tobramycin, Vancomycin **Erythro used prophylactic for Dentist.

SE: Ototoxicity!! Nephrotoxicity, Anorexia, USE: Pts w/Penicillin allergy can use this
CHECK BUN and CR

SULF-CICLOVIR -CYCLOVIR -VIR

Sulfonamides (Antibiotics) Antivirals Antivirals Antivirals

Sulfadiazine, Sulfamethazole, Sulfisoxazole, TmpSmz Acyclovir, Valacyclovir Abacivir, Zanamivir

SE: N&V, Headache, GI disturbances, Allergic

Rash

SE: Headache, Rash, Nephrotoxicity, Granulocytopenia, Thrombocytopenia

DIURETICS -ACTONE -THIAZIDE -MIDE

Potassium-Sparing Diuretics Potassium-Losing Diuretics Loop-Diurteic

Aldactone, Spironolactone Benzthiazide, Hydrochlorothiazide Furosemide (Lasix), Bumetamide (Bumex)

SE: HyperKalemia, HypoNatremia, Hepatic

and Renal damage, Tinnitus Vision, Dry mouth, HoTN

SE: HypoKalemia, Hyperglycemia, Blurred

Potassium Wasting

-PRESSIN CNS EFECTS -PAM -LAM

Anti-Diuretic

Vasopressin, Ddavp

For HEART problems

Benzodiazepines (Antianxiety), Anticonvulsant

Diazepam (Valium) , Lorazepam, Clonazepam, Alprazolam, Midazolam

NO ALCOHOL, Check AST, ALT SE: Drowsiness, Confusion, Tachycardia,

Hypotension

-BARBITAL

Barbiturates (Sedative-Hypnotics)

Amobarbital, Pentobarbital, Secobarbital, Phenobarbital (Anticonvulsant) Amitriptyline, Nortriptyline, Protriptyline (Eavil, Norpramin, Sinequan) Fluoxetine (Prozac), Paroxetine (Paxil) Sertraline hydrochloride (Zoloft), Venalafaxine (Effexor) Promethazine (Phenergan), Meclizine, Thiethyperazine maleate (Torecan) *Phenergan used for motion sickness Cyclohexane, Ethane, Fluorane Bupivacaine, Cocaine, Lidocaine, Xylocaine Famciclovir, Ganciclovir Pancuronium, Pipecuronium, Rocuronium

USE: CNS Depressant, Anxiety, Panic SE: Cardio depression, Resp depression,
Anemia

-TRIPTYLINE -TINE -INE -ZINE

Tricyclics (Antidepressants) SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) Antidepressants Phenothiazines (Antipsychotics, Antiemetics)

USE: Seizures (Pheno) SE: Sedation, Blurred Vision, Diaphoresis,

N&V, Constipation

SE: Palpitations, N&V, Brady, Diarrhea,

nervousness, insomnia, constipation Can effect Digoxin, Coumadin and Valium

SE: Drowsy, Sedation, Anticholinergic effects

May take several weeks to work Does NOT cause dependence

-ANE -CAINE -CURIUM -CURONIUM GENERAL -LONE -PROFEN -SONE

General Anesthetics Local Anesthetics Neuromuscular Blockers Neuromuscular Blockers

Corticosteroids (Anti-Inflammatory) NSAIDS (Anti-Inflammatory) Corticosteroids (Anti-Inflammatory)

Methylprednisolone, Prednisolone, Triamcinolone Fenoprofen, Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen Cortisone, Dexamethasone, Prednisone (SE:Euphoria, Insomnia, Peptic Ulcer, Acute Adrenal Insufficiency) Methylprednisone (Solu-Medrol), Hydrocortison (Solu-Cortef)

USE: Adrenal Insufficiency, COPD,

Leukemia, Head trauma, Inflammation, increases blood sugar, cause osteoporosis, check electrolyte imbalance withdrawal= Addisonian. Psychoses, depressions, wt gain, Hypokalemia, Hypocalemia, Buffalo Hump

Complication: retards wound healing, SE: Overdosage = Cushings, Abrupt

-ERGOT-

Ergotamines (Anti-Migraine)

Ergotamine, Dihydroxyergotamine

-TRIPTAN -INE -ZOLINE -TEROL -DINE -CALCI-TERONE

Anti-Migraines Stimulants Nasal Decongestants Bronchodilators Antihistamines Calcium & Vitamin D Supplements Androgen, Anabolic Steroids

Naratriptan, Rizatriptan Amphetamine, Caffeine, Terbutaline, Theophylline Oxymetazoline, Zylometazoline Albuterol, Bitolterol, Levalbuterol, Pirbuterol Loratidine (Claritin), Fexofenadine Calciferol, Calcitrol, Ergocalciferol Progesterone, Testosterone Sedation, Anticholinergic Effects Increase Liver Function, High Cholesterol Thromboembolic Disorder, Increase/Decrease Libido, Cancer

-SETRON

5-Ht3 Receptor Antagonists (Antiemetics)

Dolansetron, Granisetron, Ondansetron (Zofran)

USE: Admin 30 mins before chemo SE: Drowsiness, Orthostatic HoTN, Diplopia,
Photosensitivity

DISEASES -NAVIR -VUDINE -AZOSIN RIFA-AZOLE

HIV/AIDS Antivirals HIV/AIDS Antivirals Alpha Blockers (Adrenergic Antagonists) Antituberculars Antifungals

Amprenavir, Indinavir, Nelfinavir, Ritonavir Lamivudine, Stavudine, Zidovudine Doxazosin, Prazosin, Terazosin Rifamate, Rifampin (RIF), Rifapentine, Rifater INH, PZA Butoconazole, Econazole, Fluconazole (Mycostatin, Diflucan, Fungizone) Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, Mefloquine Metronidazole

SE: Hepatitis, Seizure, Optic neuritis, Fever Orange Urine USE: Systemic fungal infections SE: Hepatotoxicity, Thrombocytopenia,
Leukopenia, Pruritus

-QUINE -ZOLE

Antiparasitics Antiprotozoals

SE: GI prob. (Metallic Taste, N/V) CNS: Ataxia, Seizure STOP med Inhibits Inactivation of Warfarin

OTHER -DRONATE -MIDE

Biphosphonates (Bones) Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

Alendronate (Fosamax), Etidronate, Pamidronate, Risedronate Furosemide, Sulfonamide, Acetazolamide

Treats bone diseases. (Alendronate- Osteoporitis) (Etidronate- Pagets Disease) USE: Monitor BP

-AFIL -PRAZOLE -TIDINE -STINE -STIGMINE

Impotence Agent, Phosphoerase Inhibitor Proton Pump Inhibitors (Anti-Ulcer) H2 Receptor Antagonists (Anti-Ulcer) Antineoplastics (Anti-Tumor) Cholinergics

Sildenafil, Viagra Lansoprazole, Omeprazole, Pantoprazole Cimetidine, Famotidine, Nizatidine, Ranitidine Carmustine, Lomustine, Vinblastine, Vincristine Neostigmine, Physostigmine, Pyridostigmine

SE: MI, Report headaches Do NOT give with Nitrate Hypotension

Take with meals

VERAPAMIL, SIMVASTATIN, BUSPAR, CARBAMAZEPINE (Tegretol) Interact w/ Grapefruit Juice. CHLORIDIAZEPOXIDE (Librium) Benzodiazpine Tx of Severe Anxiety and management of acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome. SE: Drowsiness, Blurred Vision, Constipation, Slurred Speech, Dermatitis, Polyuria, Thromboctopenia, Give with milk to decrease GI LITHIUM Used to control Manic episodes of Bipolar. SE: Dizziness, Headache, Fine Hand Tremors, Impaired Vision, Leukocytosis, Decreases sodium. Toxicity: Vomiting, Diarrhea, Muscle Weakness, Drowsiness, Ataxia. ANTACIDS (Maalox) 1 hour before or after meals HISTAMINE RECEPTOR SITE ANTAGONIST (Cimetidine, ranitidine) Take with meals ANTICHOLINERGICS (Pro-Banthine) Give 30 mins before meals (never with glaucoma) CYTOPROTECTIVE AGENTS (Carafate) Give 1 hour before meals MAOI cant have aged cheese, T

MED/ DRUG Barbituates Phenobarbital, Nembutal

SYMPTOMS OF ABUSE Respiratory depression Decreased BP & Pulse Coma, Ataxia, Seizures Nystagmus Poor muscle coordination Altered LOC Respiratory depression Euphoria, then anxiety Seizures, Hyperpyrexia, v Ventricular Dysrhythmias Pinpoint pupil (Overdose) Coma

SYMPTOMS OF WITHDRAWAL Anxiety Insomnia Tremors Delirium Convulsions

NURSING CONSIDERATION AIRWAY! Check LOC & VS Start IV w/ Large needle Give Sodium Bicaronate promotes excretion Give activated charcoal Gastric lavage Hemodialysis AIRWAY! Check LOC & VS Control Seizures Tx for hypothermia Start IV w/ Large needle(Glucose bolus) Have Lidocaine and defibrillator ready Give Narcan to reverse Resp Depression Hemodialysis

Narcotics Morphine, Heroin, Codeine, Dilaudid, Demerol, Methadone (detox and maintenance)

Watery eyes, Runny nose Loss of appetite Irritability, Tremors Panic, Cramp Elevated BP Hallucinations Chills and Sweat

Stimulants Cocaine, Amphetamine, Benzedrine, Dexedrine

Tachy & Increase BP Tachypnea Anxiety, Irritability, Agitation Insomnia, Seizure, Coma, Euphoria, N&V, Rapid speech Hallucination Nasal Septum Perforation

Apathy Long periods of sleep Irritability Depression, Disorientation

AIRWAY! Check LOC & VS Start IV, Use cardiac Monitoring Give activated charcoalgastric lavage (if PO) Monitor for suicidal ideation, Keep in calm environment

Cannabis Derivatives Marijuana Hashish

Relaxed inhibitions Increased appetite Disoriented behavior Nystagmus Marked confusion, Incoherence, Delirium, Hallucinations, Mania Hyperactivity, Distorted body image, Selfinjury, HTN, hyperthermia, Flashbacks, Convulsions, Coma

Overdose: Fatigue, Paranoia, Psychosis,

Euphoria, Insomnia Hyperactivity Decreased Appetite NONE

Most effects disappear in 5-8 hrs as drug wears off May cause Psychosis AIRWAY! Check LOC & VS Control Seizures Talk down patient Reduce sensory stimuli Small doses of Valium Check for trauma, protect from selfinjury

Hallucinogens LSD (acid) PCP (angel dust) Mescaline

Overdose: LSD Psychosis, Brain

Damage, Death. PCP HTN crisis, CVA, Seizure, Resp Arrest